Good morning and welcome to the BMO Financial Group's Q2 2025 Earnings Release and Conference C all for May 28, 2025. Your host for today is Christine Viau. Please go ahead. Thank you and good morning. We will begin today's call with remarks from Darryl White, BMO CEO, followed by Tayfun Tuzun, our Chief Financial Officer, and Piyush Agrawal, our Chief Risk Officer. Also present to take questions this morning are Ernie Johannson, Head of BMO North American Personal and Business Banking; Nadim Hirji, Head of BMO Commercial Banking; Alan Tannenbaum, Head of BMO Capital Markets; Deland Kamanga, Head of BMO Wealth Management; and Darrel Hackett, BMO U.S. CEO. I would ask you to limit to one question during the Q&A to give everyone a chance to participate. As noted on slide two, forward-looking statements may be made during this call, which involve assumptions that have inherent risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from these statements. I would also remind listeners that the bank uses non-GAAP financial measures to arrive at adjusted results. Management measures performance on a reported and adjusted basis and considers both useful in assessing underlying business performance. Darryl and Tayfun will be referring to adjusted results in their remarks unless otherwise noted as reported. I will now turn the call over to Darryl. Thank you, Christine, and good morning, everyone. Today we delivered another good quarter supporting year-to-date momentum across key performance metrics. We had good revenue and PPPT growth with strength in each of our diversified businesses. We're actively managing for risks and uncertainties in the current environment and executing against a consistent strategy to deliver continued positive operating leverage and ROE improvement. In the quarter, adjusted net income and earnings per share increased 1% from last year to $2 billion and $2.62 respectively, with PPPT growth of 12%. Impaired provisions continued to moderate as expected, and we bolstered our performing allowance. Over the last three quarters, we've added more than $ 850 million to our performing provision, giving us appropriate coverage for the environment and reflecting our disciplined and proactive approach to risk management. Our capital position remains robust with a CET1 Ratio of 13.5% as we continue to support clients, invest for growth, and return capital to shareholders, including through share buybacks and dividend increases. We've now completed 50% of the NCIB program, and today we announced an increase in our dividend of $ 0.04, up 5% from last year. For the first half of the year, EPS grew 10%, driven by year-to-date revenue growth of 13%. Pre-provision pretax earnings of $ 7.8 billion were up 22%, with all bank operating leverage of 5.7%, having met our commitment to positive operating leverage for five consecutive quarters. ROE improved to 10.6% year-to-date. Rebuilding return on equity is our number one imperative, and we're executing against our plan. Tayfun today will provide more details on our progress in his remarks. Turning to the businesses, each of our operating groups delivered solid results and PPPT growth as we continue to focus on enhanced customer experience, deeper one-client relationships, and trusted advice. In Canadian personal banking, we continued to see good customer growth and deeper engagement through the first half of the year, driven by product and digital innovation. For example, we've added over 10,000 new VI Porter loyalty cards in the first six weeks since the launch of our partnership with Canada's fastest-growing airline. Our differentiated Savings Amplifier Account recently surpassed $ 10 billion in deposits, over half representing new customers to BMO. Our award-winning digital offerings are making it easier for customers to bank with us, including access to detailed merchant data for debit and credit card purchases, the ability to convert transactions to installments, while also implementing enhanced security features. In USP&C, we continue to have good momentum in core customer acquisition across our markets, including 7% year-over-year growth in checking account acquisition in our West markets, where branch productivity and digital engagement continues to improve. We continue to invest in core markets, including in Chicago and the Midwest, where we're market leaders, and in our expanded West markets, where we're growing regional scale. California's economy is now the fourth largest in the world and growing at a faster rate than the U.S. overall. We're well positioned to capture opportunities to grow share in this attractive market. In commercial banking, business activity and loan demand in both countries is reflecting the impact from trade uncertainty, and businesses are being cautious around the deployment of capital. At the same time, our ability to attract, retain, and deepen one-client relationships and diversify our revenue streams towards fee-generating income is reflected in the fact that more than 90% of our commercial borrowers choose us for additional services. At BMO, we take pride in delivering best-in-class treasury and payment solutions. Across corporate, commercial, and small business clients, TPS provides award-winning product solutions, seamless and leading cross-border capabilities, and trusted advice that powers efficiency and growth for our clients. TPS is a significant contributor to BMO's revenue, growing 20% year-over-year. It fuels core deposit growth and represents an important fee expansion initiative to drive higher ROE. BMO Wealth Management continues to perform well, with a return on equity of 29% year-to-date, up from 24% a year ago. Growing this business is another key element in our overall ROE rebuild strategy. Net new asset growth this quarter was the second highest on record, including a strong contribution from the U.S. and market share gains in Canadian mutual funds, reflecting strategic investments we've made in these businesses. We continue to innovate and expand our product offering with new solutions such as BMO's Canadian Depository Receipt lineup, enabling Canadian investors to gain exposure to international companies and enhance their portfolio diversification. We continue to add to our leading ETF offerings and ranked first in ETF flows for the quarter, building on our number two position in the market. The launch of the new BMO| Link Workplace Savings Platform gives employers a one-stop digital solution to help their employees achieve their savings and retirement goals, a first among Canadian financial institutions. Our commitment to meeting the unique needs of private wealth clients was recognized at the 2025 Euromoney Global Private Banking Awards, where BMO was named Canada's Best Private Bank for ultra-high-net-worth clients and for philanthropic advisory services. Moving to BMO Capital Markets, PPPT of $684 million was above our guidance. We had strong trading revenue, led by our record quarter in commodities, and continued strength in securitization. Our leadership and strength as a trusted advisor drove resilient performance in key sectors and products, notably global metals and mining and Canadian M&A. Our Capital Markets team is also leading the way in leveraging data-driven AI insights and tools to enable our bankers and traders to enhance client interactions and relationships and provide unmatched value while supporting client growth. The economic backdrop in North America continues to be challenged by the uncertain environment, and GDP growth is now expected to slow to 1% in Canada and 1.3% in the U.S. in 2025. In Canada, the recent outcome of the federal election is a renewed government with an aggressive economic growth agenda. We have seen promising early results by the federal and several provincial governments in support of eliminating barriers to interprovincial trade. We encourage a positive resolution in support of a stronger overall Canadian economy. Finally, as more plans are put into motion for infrastructure investment to boost economic capacity and Canadian productivity, our teams are here to help governments, companies, small businesses, and families with access to financial services and advice to fuel that growth and continue to strengthen the communities we serve. While macro uncertainties drive levels of customer and market activity that are lower than expected at the beginning of this year, we're focused on continuing to execute on our strategic priorities and strong risk management practices to enhance shareholder returns. With that, I'll turn it over to Tayfun. Thank you, Darryl. Good morning, and thank you for joining us. My comments will start on slide eight. Second quarter reported EPS was $2.50, and net income was $2 billion. Adjusting items are shown on slide 39. The remainder of my comments will focus on adjusted results. Adjusted EPS was $2.62, up from $2.59 last year, and net income was $2 billion, up 1%, as strong PPPT growth of 12% was offset by higher-performing PCLs, as well as a loss of $51 million on the sale of a U.S. Non-relationship credit card portfolio related to our balance sheet optimization strategy to achieve the ROE targets. Revenues increased 9%, with good growth across all our businesses, NIM expansion, and strong trading and wealth revenue. This was partially offset by markdowns in capital markets, reflecting market conditions. Expenses grew 6%, and we delivered positive operating leverage of 2.7%. Total PCLs increased $349 million from the prior year and $43 million from last quarter. Piyush will speak to this in his remarks. Moving to slide nine. Over the last two quarters, we shared with you our medium-term ROE target for BMO at 15% and 12% for USP&C and the priorities to achieve them. Over the course of the first half of fiscal 2025, we have been executing against our action plans that have resulted in improvements in our year-to-date ROE. I would note that excluding performing PCLs in the first half of the year, which have been elevated, year-to-date ROE would be approaching 11.5%. In line with our commitment, focused expense management has resulted in year-to-date positive operating leverage of 5.7%. Impaired PCLs have improved, as expected, since the fourth quarter. While the timing of further normalization will depend on the macro environment, it remains a key driver of ROE improvement over time. We have made early progress on balance sheet optimization initiatives on both sides of the balance sheet. As mentioned earlier, in the U.S., we executed the sale of a non-relationship credit card portfolio to support the recycling of capital to higher return opportunities and exited a franchise loan portfolio that did not meet our return expectations, with minimal impact on current net income. On the deposit side, given our current strong balance sheet liquidity, we have been executing a more disciplined deposit pricing strategy and made progress in our deposit mix improvements with reductions in higher-cost funding. Overall, we are pleased with the year-to-date ROE improvements and will continue to report against these and other initiatives. Moving to slide ten, average loans grew 3% year-over-year on a constant currency basis, driven by good growth in residential mortgages and commercial loans in Canadian P&C. Sequentially, loans were down 1%, primarily from lower business and government balances in U.S. P&C and capital markets. Customer deposit balances were up 5% from last year, excluding the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar, with growth across all businesses. Sequentially, balances were down 1%. In Canada, we saw good growth in everyday banking and commercial operating accounts, offset by decreases in term deposits. In the U.S., deposit optimization activity and disciplined pricing resulted in lower CDs and non-core customer deposits. Macro uncertainties in both countries have kept demand muted across our client segment so far this year. We expect these conditions to begin to normalize as we get more clarity on the changes to the global tariff regime. In the meantime, we will continue to leverage our balance sheet liquidity to further optimize our funding profile in line with our ROE targets. Turning to slide 11, on an ex-trading basis, net interest income was up 11% from the prior year and down 2% sequentially due to the impact of fewer days in the quarter. Compared with last quarter, NIM ex-trading was up four basis points, benefiting from the rolling reinvestments at higher rates and disciplined deposit pricing, as well as lower low-yielding assets in capital markets and corporate services. In Canadian P&C, NIM increased four basis points, reflecting higher loan and deposit margins, partially offset by loan growth exceeding deposit growth. U.S. P&C NIM increased five basis points as our deposit optimization activity led to higher margins that more than offset the impact of lower deposit balances. Since the second quarter of 2024, we have had four consecutive quarters with margin expansion for a total of 15 basis points. Based on the current market expectations, we expect a stable margin at the all-bank level, as well as in our P&C businesses during the remainder of this fiscal year. Turning to slide 12, non-interest revenue was up 4% from the prior year. Growth in wealth management and trading and advisory fees in capital markets were offset by the shift of VA fees to net interest income, as well as the markdowns, lower-led securities gains, and loss on the sale of the card portfolio. We are also benefiting from good growth in deposit fees as we continue to expand TPS penetration with our corporate and commercial clients. Moving to slide 13, expenses were up 6% from the prior year, or 2%, excluding the stronger U.S. dollar and performance-based compensation, driven mainly by higher employee and technology costs. The expense levels in corporate services during the quarter were below trend, which we do not expect to repeat. We maintain our full-year, year-over-year, mid-single-digit expense growth expectation on a constant currency basis, excluding higher performance-based compensation, and expect the second half growth to be higher than the first half. We still plan to deliver positive operating leverage as we maintain a disciplined approach on managing our expenses in line with revenues. Turning to slide 14, our CET1 Ratio of 13.5% was down 10 basis points from last quarter, as good internal capital generation was offset by share repurchases and higher source currency RWA. With the additional 2 million share repurchases in May, we have executed 50% of our buyback program since announcement earlier this year. Given our strong capital position, we plan to continue executing the remaining buybacks at a similar pace during the second half of the year. Moving to the operating groups and starting on slide 15, Canadian P&C net income was down 10% year-over-year as higher PCLs offset good PPPT growth of 5%. Revenue of $3 billion was up 6%, driven by higher net interest income, reflecting higher margins and balance sheet growth, with loans up 6% and deposits up 4%, partially offset by lower non-interest revenue. Expense growth of 6% reflected higher technology and employee-related costs. Moving to U.S. P&C on slide 16, my comments here will speak to the U.S. dollar performance. Excluding the loss on the sale of the card portfolio, net income increased by 3%, with PPPT growth of 8% and positive operating leverage. Revenue growth was driven by higher margins as balances were relatively stable year-over-year, and higher deposit fees were offset by lower commercial M&A advisory fees. Expenses were relatively unchanged year-over-year, with higher employee costs offset by lower operating expenses. Moving to slide 17, BMO Wealth Management net income was up 13% from last year, with positive operating leverage of 3.5%. Revenue in wealth and asset management was up 11%, driven by stronger global markets and strong net sales and balance growth across loans and deposits. Insurance revenue was down 6%, reflecting unfavorable market movements in the current quarter. Expense growth of 7% was driven by higher employee-related expenses, including higher revenue-based costs and continued investment in talent. Moving to slide 18, BMO Capital Markets net income was down 7%, with PPPT growth of 6% offset by higher PCLs. Revenue of $1.8 billion was up 7%, reflecting good performance in global markets, driven by strong client activity, particularly in commodities trading. Investment and corporate banking revenue was down due to the impact of markdowns and lower net securities gains, partially offset by higher advisory fees and corporate banking revenue. Expenses were up 8%, mainly driven by higher employee-related expenses and the impact of a stronger U.S. dollar. For the second consecutive quarter, our capital markets performance has exceeded the guidance that we gave at the beginning of the year, especially with strong results in the global markets business. We remain aligned with our previous guidance of achieving quarterly PPPT of above $625 million during the remainder of the year. Our expectations reflect the strength of our model while recognizing the broader market uncertainties and the muted level of client activity in investment and corporate banking. Turning now to slide 19, corporate services net loss was $155 million due to the low point in retained expenses in the current quarter, mainly due to timing. We expect the third quarter net income in our corporate segment to be similar to last year's third quarter. In closing, our results this quarter reflect solid execution and financial discipline, with strong performance helping our progress towards achieving our targets. Revenue growth was supported by all business segments, which together with disciplined expense management helped us sustain positive operating leverage. As we expected, we continue to make progress in reducing our impaired PCLs. Our balance sheet remains a point of strength with healthy capital ratios, sound liquidity, and a well-managed risk profile as we look for more clarity in the macro environment in coming quarters. These outcomes reflect the resilience and the balance of our underlying business model and position us well against our strategic priorities. I will now turn it over to Piyush. Thank you, Tayfun, and good morning, everyone. In line with our prior guidance, impaired provisions for credit losses continue to improve this quarter. At the same time, we remain cautious given the ongoing uncertainty and volatility in the economic environment related to trade policies. The outlook for the Canadian economy has weakened with rising unemployment and declining GDP growth. The U.S. market has shown resilience, but momentum has softened. This weaker macroeconomic outlook relative to Q1 is now incorporated into our base case, driving performing PCL of $289 million for the quarter. On slide 21, performing allowance stands at $4.7 billion, providing good coverage of 69 basis points over performing loans given the credit profile of the portfolio and our forecast for impaired losses. We continue to monitor closely the outcome of trade negotiations and will incorporate changes to the outlook in the allowance assessment in future quarters. Please turn to slide 22 for an overview of total and impaired provisions. The total provision for credit losses was $1.1 billion, or 63 basis points. Impaired provisions for the quarter were $765 million, or 46 basis points, down 4 basis points from prior quarter and down 20 basis points from Q4. The quarter-over-quarter improvement was primarily due to lower losses in our U.S. commercial business. Personal and business banking impaired losses were $ 318 million in Canada and $67 million in the U.S., down $ 6 million and $19 million, respectively. Delinquencies are continuing to trend up in our Canadian consumer portfolios in line with rising unemployment. We expect these trends to result in moderately higher losses in the unsecured portfolios, and we have expanded early customer engagement to help manage these risks. In our commercial businesses, impaired loan provisions were $ 158 million in Canada and $180 million in the U.S., down $9 million and $46 million, respectively. Capital markets impaired losses of $28 million was down $7 million from prior quarter. The pace of credit migration across the wholesale portfolio has been slowing, and impaired formations decreased $601 million over the prior quarter, as shown on slide 23. Gross impaired loans were relatively stable, and the GIL ratio at 99 basis points was down 1 basis point from last quarter. We are encouraged by the positive signs in our credit portfolio, including lower migration to watchlist and impaired, and moderating provisions in our wholesale business. At the same time, we are subject to macro and industry risks related to the evolution of trade policies, some of which have already had an impact on business and consumer confidence and on economic activity. Our impaired provisions are trending in line with our previous guidance. Given all of the tariff and pronouncements, it is possible that impaired provisions may rise modestly from here but remain manageable. We are actively managing the tariff risks, including close monitoring of our portfolios and engaging with clients to help them manage through this uncertainty. Given the diversification of our portfolio, strong capital, and liquidity levels, we are in a good position to manage current and emerging risks. I will now turn the call back to the operator for the Q&A portion of this call. Thank you. We will now take questions from the telephone lines. If you have a question, please press Star 1. You may cancel your question at any time by pressing Star 2. Please press Star 1 at this time if you have a question. There will be a brief pause while participants register for questions. We thank you for your patience. First question is from Gabriel Dechaine from National Bank Financial. Please go ahead. Hi, good morning. I want to ask, I guess, a twofold question on the ROE story here, which is clearly an emphasis for the bank. In my view, and I think mathematically, heavily contingent on improvement in the U.S. business. First, we saw commercial loan growth negative sequentially. What's the outlook there? Is there any, I guess, hope that we could see that commercial book turn around into positive growth over the course of the year? On the, I guess, the funding optimization, we saw a drop in U.S. deposits sequentially, and that's getting rid of higher-cost deposits. As you look, your strategy seems to emphasize, let's get some lower-cost deposits. How easy is that? How do you execute on it? It's easy to say and perfectly logical, but there's got to be a cost and an execution challenge there. How long does that take to start seeing an improved funding mix in the U.S.? Thanks. Yeah, Gabriel, maybe I'll start the response to your question. There was a lot in your question, and I might invite, given the market dynamics that you correctly allude to, I'm going to invite Ernie and Nadim to comment as well from the retail and commercial perspectives. Listen, in the U.S., you're quite right. We're very committed to the ROE rebuild. A lot of that is in the U.S., as you've seen and as we talked about over the last couple of quarters. I would start by saying that the balance sheet dynamism that you're observing, for sure, it's been muted for a while. That's not just us, that's the industry. If I look at loans, we've been in line with market for a few quarters now in that flattish world. When I look at deposits, we had some, frankly, we had a lot of opportunity there because our liquidity, which we had lots of and we had built pretty successfully over a couple of years, gave us the opportunity to reprice lower-value deposits. You're seeing that in our NIM. Tayfun mentioned that we're up five basis points on the NIM, which is pretty impressive. We see more room there as well. Let me make a couple more comments before we come back to how the balance sheet could move, because I'm quite impressed with the way our teams aren't just waiting for a rebound in loan demand. If I look fundamentally at the U.S. P&C's PPPT delivery, despite little movement in loan demand in the marketplace, it's up 5% year to date. It's up 7% year to date if you exclude the card loss that Tayfun described earlier, and 8% in the quarter. It's even accelerating quarterly relative to the year to date. Why is that? It's because of the pricing and the balance sheet optimization that we've been talking about. We do expect that to continue. We expect to diversify into more fee-generating revenues. The teams have done a really good job on that. Cycling it round trip back to the ROE journey, when I look back to the 6.2% number that we had in 2024, that's 7% already in 2025 year to date. We're on the journey. We're making these moves, and we're executing pretty well against them. That's before an uptick in loan demand, which I've been saying this for some time, but it will come one day. That would be in addition to everything I've just said. Listen, why don't we have Ernie, can you give a couple of comments from your perspective? And then Nadim, please. Yeah, thanks, Darryl. And thanks, Gabriel, for the question. Two parts to the strategy in the retail bank in the U.S. One, Darryl's already spoken to, and Tayfun did as well, is around we're changing our funding mix. We are fundamentally looking at building deeper relationships in core deposits. We're going to change that funding mix. You see that today coming through in the NIM improvement, the five basis points quarter over quarter. That's 14 basis points year over year. That shift is really critical in our ROE field. At the same time, we're not giving up on new customer acquisition, which is really focused on those core checking, savings accounts, money market accounts in our U.S. business. That performance is based on driving new customers into our franchise and deepening the relationship with the existing. Just to give you perspective, our checking account acquisition in the West or in California is up 9%, whereas we're about 7% overall. You see the California market picking up for us in particular. Lastly, I would say the effectiveness of our analytics and our marketing is really driving more primacy with our existing customers and driving also the productivity of our sales force. While you see us reducing those high-cost deposits, we're bringing in new customers and new relationships on checking, savings, and money market accounts. With that, I'll turn it over to Nadim to talk specifically about the loan side on the commercial. Okay, thanks, Ernie. As Darryl mentioned, the borrowing demand in the U.S. has been largely muted, as we've seen in recent quarters. That's in line with industry peers. Our results are very similar. At the same time, I think we've mentioned we're focused on acquiring strong ROE loans with appropriate risk return and full banking relationships, which means we're also optimizing capital away from deals or portfolios that do not meet our long-term return thresholds. I will tell you, Gabriel, our pipelines are healthy. Execution has obviously been delayed due to uncertainty in the market. However, I will say also that in my recent conversations with clients, sentiment is actually improving. As we get more clarity in the economic environment, as Darryl mentioned, we do expect loan growth to be positive in the back half of the year. I'll also say that we've seen the month of April show some positive signs already. In the meantime, we're executing on our fee-generating strategic initiatives. As Darryl mentioned in his opening remark, our GPS and treasury revenue is outpacing our expectations with double-digit growth. This is a significant part of our ROE rebuild journey. Our one-client effort, so referrals between capital markets, commercial, and wealth, continue to accelerate. Again, a key part of our ROE rebuild journey. The second part of your question, Gabe, was on the deposit side. Very similar to what Ernie talked about in commercial, as we optimize loans, we're also optimizing the entire balance sheet, including deposits. Pipeline is actually very healthy on our deposit side, good core operating deposits. What we are doing is, in a balanced way, as we get new client acquisition, which we are each and every day, and it's healthy, we are dismissing deposits that, for example, in Q2, what you're seeing is the effect of exiting large-dollar, low liquidity value, high-cost deposits. In favor of that, we brought in good core operating deposits. As you saw, our deposit margins are showing about a five basis point improvement already, again, part of the ROE rebuild. In the interest of time, I'll say thanks and have a good day. Thank you. A following question is from John Aiken from Jefferies. Please go ahead. Good morning, thanks. In terms of the balance sheet restructuring that you're undergoing on the U.S., obviously, good to see the movement in near the sale of the credit card portfolio. I'm assuming, though, that there are other opportunities that you're exploring. Is there any way that you're able to scale or quantify what these potential opportunities are moving forward? Of course, with the condition that I'm not going to hold you to an exact number. Look, we have an ambitious plan to improve our ROE within a very reasonable time frame. That means that we have to look at all of our businesses and the entirety of our balance sheet, and we're doing that. I don't have any specific news to share with you today. As we identify them and as we make the decisions, we'll share those decisions with you. Tayfun, can we expect periodic announcements over the period of time where you're trying to improve your ROE? Granted, not expecting everything every quarter, but is this something, will the second quarter's experience be representative of what we might be able to expect moving forward? I think it's reasonable to assume, given, again, the plans that we have, that there will be other decisions that we will make along the way. I can't comment on the timing of those decisions, but I think it is reasonable to assume that there will be more. Understood. Thank you. I'll reach you. Thank you. A following question is from Matthew Lee from Canaccord Genuity. Please go ahead. Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my question. At the end of last year, you did a lot of work walking through your U.S. commercial portfolio. It's really trying to determine areas of risk. It looks like maybe it's paying off here with PCLs dropping this quarter. Can you maybe talk about what you're hearing from your U.S. commercial customers that's getting more comfortable with your current allowances? Matt, can you just repeat the question? You said just in the U.S.? Yeah, U.S. commercial book. Just what you're hearing from commercial customers right now that is getting you comfortable with the credit situation that you're seeing in that space? I think our customers are absolutely indifferent and untouched. In fact, we are here as a relationship bank for our customers. The credit situation is more internal. We've managed through that, as you can see in the sequential improvement across the enterprise. From a customer perspective, it's growing. The book is very healthy, I would say, in general. I'll probably offer Nadim the opportunity to talk about the U.S. commercial book. Yeah, thanks, Piyush. I would say when I think about our conversations with customers and how they're feeling with the environment that we're under, as I mentioned earlier, the sentiment continues to improve and getting more and more positive. The customers are navigating quite well in the environment. They're focusing on cost discipline, working capital management, finding new markets, strategizing about evolution of their business models and as the fiscal policy settles in the market. So far, we're feeling good about the commercial book. Customers are feeling better. We do expect, like I said, some rebound coming in the back half of the year, including some likely rebound in the M&A markets as well. I guess you're pretty comfortable with the idea that, assuming there's no further tariff impacts, PCL should continue to kind of trend the way that you suggested it would kind of in Q4. Yeah, I would say the tariff impact, the short answer is, even without any tariff impact, there is a little bit prolonged uncertainty, which is obviously slowing the environment. That has an impact on some of the files that are already being worked through. It is moderate. If everything works out the way we expect, I do not see any significant shift in what we have guided you. Okay. I might have missed this, but what are the tariffs that are kind of baked into your base case expectations in your credit model right now? In Q2, we took into account what had been announced. Of course, these are stop, go, that we hear every week. Our Q2 economic forecast base case saw significant deterioration. You will see some of this in our disclosure. If I were to just point you to a couple of metrics, you think about Canadian GDP. Six months ago, we were projecting about a 1.82%. And in Q2, that was 0 to negative 0.2% in our base case in the next 12 months. Even more significant, I would point you to is our Canadian unemployment. Unemployment has a big driver to our PCLs across. Six months ago, we thought unemployment should be improving from 7% down to maybe 6.5%. Now we've got a deteriorating outlook for unemployment with 7% going up to 8%. You will see more of these details in our disclosure, which really drove our performing PCLs in the second quarter. Okay, thanks. That's helpful. Thank you. A following question is from Ebrahim Poonawala from Bank of America. Please go ahead. Hey, good morning. I guess maybe Tayfun, following up on the U.S. ROE discussion, remind us if there is anything from a capital standpoint that we should be mindful of around capital allocation to the U.S. We have the stress test results coming out, which did have an impact on the stock last year. Any kind of expectation, I realize it is an opaque process, but how you are approaching the stress test, anything coming out of that may that could inform your capital allocation decision in terms of how much capital you hold in the U.S. bank? The short answer is no. Some aspects of our capital situation in the U.S. really are related to the strength of the capital position, both with respect to our historical levels as well as with respect to the peers. It is accreting quite fast, which is just fine. We expected that. I think we shared that with you at the end of last year, that our expectation is still strong accretion in the U.S. We're quite happy with that. I do not expect this year's CCAR exercise to have any meaningful impact on how we manage capital. Got it. If I could follow up on the margin discussion earlier, one, I think last quarter you talked about stable margin outlook. You had a decent expansion this quarter. If you do not mind spending some time on the puts and takes, heard you on the deposit mix optimization. When I look at the U.S. margin at 3.9, it seems to be best in class. One, do you see that 3.9 margin improving materially from here? Is the bias on the balance sheet, is it asset-sensitive, liability-sensitive? How should we think about that? The principle that we have applied in the way we manage our interest rate risk, in the way we manage our balance sheet, is one of stability. We have been on that for a number of years now. We try to let the businesses drive our margins with credit spreads as they move, and also with discrete balance sheet actions such as the ones that Ernie and Nadim mentioned. As I look ahead, I do expect those actions, as they will remain in place for the duration of our ROE journey, to continue to impact our margins. Today, as I sit here, I expect them to be positive in the coming quarters. We are not changing our stability target in terms of managing our margin. I am not expecting a significant improvement in those margins, but probably I had commented on this a couple of quarters ago. I expect a stable margin with some upside, but I want to be cautious about that upside because it tends to be impacted by the movement in market interest rates. My message is the same as before, Ebrahim. Got it. Thank you. Thank you. A following question is from Doug Young from Desjardins Capital Markets. Please go ahead. Hi, good morning, Piyush. Maybe back to you. Just wanted to go back to your comment that you might see impaired PCLs up moderately from here, but to remain manageable. Just trying to understand, or maybe you can kind of flesh out what frames that view, given what we hear from Dean and just your kind of seems to be a little bit more cautiously optimistic outlook. Can you define up modestly from here? I mean, your PCLs have been quite volatile in the last year or so. Can you give a kind of a sense of what you mean by moderately? Yeah. Sure, Doug. Just to give you a sense of the forward trajectory, let's step back in the last two quarters. You've seen sequential improvement from us down from 66 basis points to 46. That's significant progress, and it shows you the amount of work the teams have been putting into our credit portfolios. In addition to the outcome of what you've seen in the PCL, you're also seeing key portfolio metrics like watch list and impaired formations at its lowest level in the last five quarters. This backdrop gives us comfort around the guidance we had given you in the high 40s. There will be interquarter variability. I've always mentioned that because of sometimes the lumpiness of large files. As you look forward, we're just mindful of the headwinds in the outlook. The evolving U.S. trade policies have created uncertainty and volatility. No matter what gets resolved, this uncertainty and volatility itself has taken a toll on consumer and business sentiment. The way you should think about this is we've run different scenarios. If I were to give you the scenario rewinding the last three or four months and said there were no tariffs, then we would exactly be in the trend of our guidance. If you take the scenario, things will get resolved, but it will take some time. That's a couple of basis points. We've given you guidance of high 40s. You can add a few basis points just because of the time factor of the resolution. If things do not get resolved and the tariff wars pick up, that is a much more adverse scenario that would put us and everybody else probably out of guidance. No, that is helpful. If I can, just one quick one. Your net interest revenue just seems lower in Canada than the U.S. I just wanted to confirm, in the U.S., that includes the loss related to the sale of that portfolio. I am just trying to understand lower non-interest revenues in Canada and the U.S., if there are any big drivers behind that. No, I think yes. The loss on the sale of the credit card portfolio is included in our numbers in the U.S. There are a couple of items in Canada that have impacted the trends, including the BA fees shifting to net interest income in Canada. Also just keep in mind that Q2 has three less days in the quarter, which tends to impact fees as well, especially in our PNBB business and our wealth management business. Okay. It is just really in the U.S. that is the big one. Okay. I appreciate the color. Thank you. Thank you. A following question is from Paul Holden from CIBC. Please go ahead. Thanks. Good morning. I wonder if you can provide similar commentary on what Canadian commercial customers are saying, if the message or sentiment is any different than what you are hearing from the U.S., if there is a little bit more caution. Yeah. Thanks for the question. Obviously, something on everyone's mind. Talking to clients, I would say it is still similar to the U.S. It is cautious optimism that this will get resolved in a timely fashion. When it does, there will be some sort of tariffs, but it will be manageable, reasonable, and our clients feel comfortable that they will be able to work around it. Most of our Canadian clients, there is a, I would call, a wait and see or a watch mode, a little bit of cautiousness. We saw good loan growth in Canada going into the year. Q1 was good. Q2 held up pretty well as well. We are seeing some moderation, and I would expect we are going to see some moderation downwards on the loan growth for the remainder of the year in Canada. I still expect the loan growth to be positive. Clients are cautious, but there is still activity, but at a decelerating pace. Okay. Maybe one question on capital markets, because I think one of the earlier questions on the U.S. Is prospect for more M&A in the second half of the year. Maybe a refresh of what the capital markets pipeline looks like if you have a similar read in terms of potential for more activity in the back half of the year, particularly in the sort of that mid-market private equity space where BMO really has a good market position. Thanks, Paul. I appreciate the question. I'd be remiss if I didn't just take a second and highlight some of the strength that we've had in our M&A practice, particularly in Canada around our metal and mining business, energy, and most recently around real estate. What you're really seeing is a mixed picture around the M&A market. As you point out, the U.S. has been weaker. That's certainly the experience post the geopolitical dynamics around the tariff announcements. We are starting to see a pickup in the pace of meetings and pitches and engagement. As you would anticipate, a number of transactions were deferred and delayed as a result of the market turmoil. We are more confident in what we're seeing in terms of the pipeline. As you know, for that market, meetings, mandates turning into revenue can take a little bit of time. I would describe it as cautiously optimistic. Okay. That's helpful. That's it for me. Thank you. Thank you. A following question is from Darko Mihelic from RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead. Hi. Thank you. Question for Piyush. Sort of twofold in nature, I guess. One is, can you describe your exposure to tariff-related industries? Just out of curiosity, why not provide that detail in your deck? Hi, Darko. We've got disclosure on the loan portfolio in the deck. As you know, it's a very well-diversified portfolio across sectors. We've obviously been doing a lot of scenario analysis and stress tests well before the U.S. elections and continue with all of the tariff changes. From a macro perspective, I think we are seeing the softness in consumer demand and business sentiment that has an impact overall to the broader economy. More directly to your question, we have analyzed the sectors. The way we've done this is we've looked at our sectors that are higher risk, medium, low. I would call those higher risk sectors the ones you're reading about: agriculture, auto manufacturing, lumber. When you add those up, those are about 6% of our portfolio in the higher risk. I would be remiss if I said that's all high risk because really the risk lies in individual files. We have spent a lot of time with the teams reviewing our individual files. Like us, many of our clients are also safeguarding their interests. There is financial flexibility. Some people are changing the supply chains, getting ready for what's coming. I would actually say that the higher risk files within those high-risk industries is probably around 1% of our total exposure. Is it fair to say that's mostly Canada? It's a mix. There are clients that are going to be affected everywhere with what's going on. There are some in the U.S., and there are some in Canada. Okay. What's the biggest industry in that 1% for your particular portfolio? The biggest pieces will be manufacturing because it's the manufacturing sector that's going to see the brunt of tariffs. These are low-margin industries, very stable. When you see tariffs that have been announced, if they came through, you'll see the biggest impact there because it impacts various pieces of their supply chain. Okay. Great. Thank you. Thank you. A following question is from Mario Mendonca from TD Securities. Please go ahead. Good morning. Slightly different type of question, but it relates to the same themes, which is a less friendly regime in the U.S., political climate in the U.S. Now I'm referring to this bill going through Congress that would impose materially higher taxes on residents, Canadians in the U.S., individuals, and corporates. It relates to this digital tax that Canada has on U.S. tech companies. Now, it's entirely possible that this thing dies on the floor of Congress, but it's a meaningful risk, and it matters to banks like BMO and other institutions with large U.S. operations. What I'm asking here is, does BMO have a house view on how this plays out? Does this go away, or how do you address it if, in fact, the U.S. does impose materially higher tax rates on Canadian corporations? Mario, just like you, we are watching developments. Uncertainties are quite high on this topic. As you know, the U.S. process does not get finalized until the very last moment. We just need to continue to watch. The outcomes are not certain to us enough to have a view today as to what it may mean for BMO. When it's finalized, we obviously will form our perspective and what we need to do internally at BMO. At this point, I don't have a good answer for you because of all these uncertainties. Kind of do I. One other sort of follow-up question to Doug's question. Doug's asking about what manageable means in terms of higher PCLs. It's the same sort of thing I'm interested in. What does manageable mean to BMO? Does it mean that the bank can continue to grow earnings even though higher PCLs emerge because of tariffs, or does it certainly mean that it wouldn't impact the bank's capital strength? That I treat as a given. Does manageable mean you can continue to grow through something like that? Help me understand what manageable means. Yeah. The short answer is yes. We can continue to grow. Our capital ratios are healthy. Our client relationships, our client pipelines are healthy. There is nothing that changes that story. The manageable was to give you a perspective of the uncertainties in the environment. If we land exactly where we are today with a paused reciprocal tariff and come in at a much lower number than announced, that would, because of the delay of the resolution and the softness in the economy in the interim, be a couple of basis points higher. Whether it is one or two or three, that is the range we are thinking about. We are not going back to what you saw in 2024. The only difference that I've continued to caveat is if nothing gets resolved and we are in this high uncertain environment and back to an April 2nd kind of announcement, that, of course, you can see in our base case forecast has a significant impact on Canadian and U.S. economies. Thank you. Thank you. A following question is from Lemar Persaud from Cormark Securities. Please go ahead. Thanks. I'm wondering if we could kind of look through the impacts of the trade war because the messaging from your bank and peers seems one of cautious optimism that we could be moving past the trade war. So if you had to guess, does it feel like this recovery would be led by consumer or commercial clients? It's something I'm spending some time thinking about because it does feel like consumers would be exiting this period of trade uncertainty in kind of a much weaker state than we saw post-Covid. Any thoughts on that? It's a tough—it's Darryl, Lemar. It's actually a tough call. You're asking a very good question. I think when you look across Canada, you heard Piyush talk earlier about the outlook at the consumer level. We are seeing upticks in unemployment. We do expect to continue to see upticks in unemployment. That puts a certain challenge on the household budgets, which can persist. You don't wave a magic wand over that situation and say trade wars are over, and then all of a sudden everything's okay, and then you see a quick rebound because some damage is done, and it can persist. We are watching that very carefully. On the commercial side, it's actually a little bit mixed, right? You'll have—we talked about it in this call and in other places—you'll have some businesses that are impacted, in some cases could be severely, but they're in the minority. Those folks won't rebound quickly at all, as you and I know. There are a whole bunch that will. They are building capacity right now and waiting for demand to come back. If I had to guess what you'll end up seeing in that environment that you're hypothesizing around, Lemoire, you'll see some of the consumer businesses come back quickly, but some of them won't. You'll see the same thing on the consumer side. You'll see a big sort of rebound of demand, pardon me, on the commercial side, while those that were particularly impacted and targeted will take a long time. That's probably not what you're hoping for in terms of me telling you it's ones and zeros on your answer, but you have to decompose each of the portfolios and look at them individually. No, that's helpful. If I may just tack on to Paul's question there, how do you feel about the loan growth prospects of Canada versus the U.S.? I'm trying to take this a step further. I'm talking about actual BMO loan growth here because it really feels like, given the timing of the closing of the Bank of the West deal, we never really got to fully appreciate the strength of the combined franchise. What I'm asking is, if you had to look through a period of recovery, is it possible and plausible to expect stronger loan growth in the U.S., just given that kind of setup between the timing of the closing of the Bank of the West deal, that U.S. loan growth should outperform Canada? Yeah. That's possible, plausible. Of course, it is. If you kind of read through some of the things you've heard from my colleagues today, you can imagine a scenario where both economies kind of muddle through here for the next couple of quarters. I think what you're really asking is, what does 2026, 2027 end up looking like from a balance sheet dynamic perspective? I don't think the U.S. market freezes forever. There will be a release there. When there is a release, we have said time and time again, we intend to fully participate in that release. Our positioning is very good for that relative to most. I would not go so far, though, Lemoire, to say that that will come at a stark juxtaposition to what might happen in Canada because there are different dynamics in Canada this time with the, as I mentioned in my remarks, maybe we will have a resolution on interventional trade barriers. Maybe we will have a pretty significant Build Canada infrastructure spend. I think those things will take time to evidence commercial activity underneath it, but they could come. As I push myself out through 2026, 2027, different factors could produce loan growth in Canada as well. Appreciate it. Thank you. Our last question is from Mike Risvanovic from Scotiabank. Please go ahead. Good morning. First one, just a quick one for Tayfun on the NIR. Just if we could dig a bit deeper here. The sequential decline was almost $300 million on the NIR overall on an adjusted basis. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I think the non-relationship card portfolio was only a small fraction of that. In terms of where Q1 level was at, are you expecting that we sort of see this reflate back to Q1 levels, or is Q1 a bit of an anomaly in terms of how strong it was? Maybe you just sort of trend at the Q2 level for the second half of the year. I'm just trying to get some more granularity there if you can provide it. Yes. I do expect the second half of the year to actually be stronger than how you would interpret the quarter-over-quarter decline. The quarter-over-quarter decline does have certain elements, including some of the items in capital markets, as well as some of the items that we just mentioned, including the credit card sale, and also lesser number of days. That's an important one. Actually, it's not a small one. Our total revenue decline solely tied to days is over $200 million, not all in non-interest income, obviously, but a decent portion of that. I would expect our non-interest income to go higher from here into Q3 as well as into Q4. Okay. That's helpful. One quick one for Ernie, just on the mortgage growth, a little bit weaker sequentially, I think about half a percent higher. Anything you're seeing in the broker channel? We did have one of your peers that reported earlier suggest that there was a bit of spread pressure on that distribution channel. Are you seeing the same thing? If so, is this part of the reason why you're maybe pulling back a bit on the REZL? Yeah. Thanks for the question. Overall on REZL, if I think about quarter over quarter, we're about 1% up, and year over year, we're 6%. We're seeing some strong growth. It's the market that, as you're well aware of, has really slowed down. Our broker channel is still performing as expected and bringing in that quality customer that is new to the housing market. We're not seeing anything unusual there. Is the market overall more competitive? It's a competitive marketplace, and we're primarily—our first job is renewals. Our second job is acquiring new customers that are in the mortgage market, particularly young profile that are in their first-time home buyers. I would say overall, pleased with the growth. Hopefully, as things get more constructive, we will see a return back to some normality. Prices are down, and sales are down, and that has been consecutive for five months. We think it will turn, but not in any great amount for the back half of this year, but some slight performance. We are seeing that even as we speak in the past couple of weeks, more listings. More to come, but pleased with the broker channel overall. Okay. You would not flag any spread compression in that channel, though? There is always a competitive market across all the channels. I do not think there is anything even more so than the broker market than I would say just in general, whether it be direct digital or in our branch channel. Got it. Thanks for the insights. Thanks. Thank you. We have no further questions registered at this time. I would now like to turn the meeting back over to Darryl White. Thank you, Operator, and thank you all for your questions this morning. I think you saw today that our results for the quarter continue to position us well for the current dynamic environment and for growth going into 2026. In the meantime, we're continuing to build a strong, resilient organization that's well equipped to meet both the challenges and the opportunities of the future, and our focus is unchanged. It's on effective risk management, on digital transformation, and client-centric innovation to drive our success. With that, we look forward to speaking with you again in August. Thanks, everyone. Thank you. The conference has now ended. Please disconnect your lines at this time, and we thank you for your participation.