Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the goeasy's third quarter 2023 financial results call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. To ask a question during the session, you will need to press *1 on your telephone. You will then hear an automated message advising your hand is raised. To withdraw your question, please press *11 again. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, Farhan Ali Khan. Please go ahead. Thank you, operator, and good morning, everyone. My name is Farhan Ali Khan, the company's Senior Vice President and Chief Corporate Development Officer, and thank you for joining us to discuss goeasy Ltd.'s results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2023. The news release, which was issued yesterday after the post-market, is available on GlobeNewswire and on the goeasy website. Today, Jason Mullins, goeasy's President and Chief Executive Officer, will review the results for the third quarter and provide an outlook for the business. Hal Khouri, the company's Chief Financial Officer, will also provide an overview of our capital and liquidity position, and Jason Appel, the company's Chief Risk Officer, is also on the call. After the prepared remarks, we will then open the lines for questions from investors. Before we begin, I remind you that this conference call is open to all investors and is being webcast to the company's investor website and supplemented by a quarterly earnings presentation. For those dialing in directly by phone, the presentation can also be found directly on our investor site. All shareholders, analysts, and portfolio managers are welcome to ask questions over the phone after management has finished their prepared remarks. The operator will poll for questions and will provide instructions at the appropriate time. Business media are welcome to listen to the call and to use management's comments and responses to questions in any coverage. However, we would ask that they do not quote callers unless that individual has granted their consent. Today's discussion may contain forward-looking statements. I'm not going to read the full statement, but we'll direct you to the caution regarding forward-looking statements included in the MD&A. I will now turn the call over to Jason Mullins. Thanks, Farhan. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining the call today. The third quarter was the strongest in the history of our company. We produced record originations, record loan growth, and reduced credit losses to generate record earnings at a very healthy return on equity. As we discussed over the last several quarters, a challenging macro environment puts immense pressure on smaller-scale companies, driving more demand toward those with scale, such as goeasy. Similar to last quarter, the number of companies bidding directly against us within Google paid search was down nearly 40% year-over-year. Furthermore, we continue to see evidence that the banks and other prime lenders have tightened credit, resulting in high-quality borrowers turning to lenders like goeasy when they are seeking credit. For example, in our automotive financing program, the portion of our originations in our top two risk tiers has increased from 50% to 80% over the last 24 months. As a lender, increased demand enables us to be more selective about where we allocate capital and which loans we underwrite. As such, the proportion of applications we funded during the quarter was less than 15%, down from 17% last year and 22% the year prior, due to our highly disciplined approach to managing credit in times of economic uncertainty. As a result, the credit quality of the loans we are writing continues to strengthen. The third quarter was the eighth consecutive quarter of an increase in the weighted average credit score of our loan originations, with this quarter being the single highest ever at 617. This is a very clear way to measure the combined impact of our proactive credit tightening, shifting product mix, and the higher credit score of the consumers who are using our products. We also continue to benefit from our highly diversified distribution and acquisition platform. With approximately 300 easyfinancial branches, 100 easyhome lending kiosks, and over 9,100 merchants across our automotive and point-of-sale financing programs, we are highly accessible to the 8.5 million non-prime consumers that use our wide range of lending products. During the quarter, we also officially launched the first version of our new goeasy Connect mobile app and web platform after several months of in-market testing. At the end of October, we had almost 66,000 app downloads across both Android and iOS devices, with an 85% sign-up rate. Since launch, the mobile app has also generated over 6,500 applications for credit across our entire product suite. The combination of healthy demand, less competitive tension, and the performance of our strategic business initiatives produced another record level of applications for credit at 528,000, up 30% year-over-year. This also led to another consecutive quarter of record new customers at over 42,700, an increase of 16% over last year. Originations in the quarter were a record CAD 722 million, up 13% over the third quarter of 2022. Organic loan growth was a record CAD 230 million at the high end of our quarterly forecast. At quarter end, our loan portfolio finished at CAD 3.43 billion, up 33% from the prior year. As we continue to optimize pricing amidst a higher-cost borrowing environment, the average interest rate we charge our borrowers has now stabilized. During the quarter, the overall weighted average interest rate charged to our customers was flat at 30.1%, but still down from 31% at the end of the third quarter last year.... Combined with ancillary revenue sources, the total portfolio yield finished within our forecasted range at 35.3%. Total revenue in the quarter was a record CAD 322 million, up 23% over the same period in 2022. As expected, our disciplined approach to risk management and favorable product mix shift have continued to produce stable credit performance despite the challenging macroeconomic backdrop. During the quarter, the annualized net charge-off rate decreased to 8.8%, down 50 basis points from 9.3% in the second quarter of last year. Our loan loss provision rate also reduced to 7.37%, compared to 7.42% in the previous quarter. I will also remind everyone that both our long-term net charge-off rate guidance and our existing loan loss provision are based on a base assumption of a mild to moderate recession, which incorporates unemployment rising close to 7% in 2024. As such, we are confident we can continue to sustain stable credit performance even in a more stressed environment. With a keen focus on managing expenses and the corresponding economies of scale, the business is also benefiting from significant operating leverage. During the quarter, our efficiency ratio, specifically operating expenses as a percentage of revenue, reduced to 28.6%, an improvement of 400 basis points from 32.6% in the third quarter of last year. After adjusting for unusual items and non-recurring expenses, we reported record adjusted operating income of CAD 130 million, an increase of 37% compared to CAD 95 million in the third quarter of 2022. Adjusted operating margin for the third quarter was a record 40.4%, up from 36.2% in the same period in 2022. Adjusted net income was a record CAD 65.2 million, up 34% from CAD 48.6 million in the third quarter of 2022, while adjusted diluted earnings per share was a record CAD 3.81, up 29% from CAD 2.95 in the third quarter of 2022. Adjusted return on equity was 26.6% in the quarter, an increase of 170 basis points from 24.9% last year. With that, I'll now pass it over to Hal to discuss our balance sheet and capital position. Thanks, Jason. The third quarter highlighted both the significant cash-generating capability of the business and the continued confidence in our lenders in our business model. Looking first at the cash flows. Cash flow from operations before net growth in the loan portfolio was CAD 134 million in the quarter, up 40% from CAD 96 million in the third quarter of 2022. After deducting cash outflows, such as dividends and capital expenditures, we funded over 40% of our net loan book growth, or approximately CAD 100 million from internal cash flow. Based on the portfolio today, we estimate we could grow the consumer loan portfolio by approximately CAD 250 million annually, solely from internal cash flows without utilizing any external debt. Furthermore, once our existing and available sources of debt are fully utilized, we can continue to grow the loan portfolio by approximately CAD 400 million per year, solely from internal cash flows. Lastly, if we were to run off the consumer loan and leasing portfolios, the value of the total cash repayments paid to the company over the remaining life of its contracts would be approximately CAD 4.2 billion. If during such a run-off scenario with reasonable cost reductions, all excess cash flows were applied directly to debt, we estimate we could extinguish all external debt within 16 months. Turning to our balance sheet, during the quarter, we increased the size of our revolving automotive financing securitization warehouse from CAD 200 million to CAD 375 million, with the addition of Wells Fargo Bank as a new lender to the syndicate, which is led by Bank of Montreal. Obtaining the commitment of another major bank to put their balance sheet behind our automotive financing program amidst the current macro conditions is a significant testament to the underwriting and credit quality of this product category. The facility continues to bear interest on advances payable at the rate of one-month Canadian Dollar Offered Rate, plus 185 basis points. Based on the current one-month CDOR rate of 5.43%, as of November 1, 2023, the interest rate would be 7.28%. We also continue to utilize interest rate swap agreements to generate fixed rate payments and mitigate the impact of increases in interest rates on each of our draws. While the company is experiencing the impact of higher rates on incremental debt financing, thanks to these swap agreements and the fact that over 93% of our drawn debt is currently now fixed, the marginal impact of higher borrowing costs has had a slow and gradual effect on our business, one that has been more than offset by a relative reduction in operating expenses. At quarter end, our weighted average cost of borrowing was 5.9%, and the fully drawn weighted average cost of borrowing was 6.2%. Based on the cash on hand and borrowing capacity under our existing revolving credit facilities, we had approximately CAD 930 million in total funding capacity at the end of the third quarter. In the fourth quarter, we also intend to complete the refinancing of our 2019 unsecured debentures as these notes mature late next year. While the replacement notes will bear a higher rate of interest once refinanced, we are highly confident that we can execute the refinancing and have already embedded the impact of this refinancing into the three-year forecast we published earlier this year. As such, we are confident that the capacity of our existing funding facilities and our ability to raise additional debt financing will enable us to achieve our growth plans. ... I'll now pass it back over to Jason to talk about our outlook. Thanks, Hal. We are very proud of the recent performance as our strategy, business model, and highly talented team are working to produce industry-leading results and making a significant impact in the lives of our customers. We now expect to exceed the high end of our loan book growth forecast for this year, while achieving all the targets we've set out through 2025. In the upcoming quarter, we expect the loan portfolio to grow between CAD 195 million and CAD 215 million. As we continue to optimize our pricing, we also expect to maintain the current total annualized portfolio yield, which should finish the quarter between 34.75% and 35.75% again. We also continue to expect resilient and stable credit performance, with the annualized net charge-off rate expected to remain between 8.5% and 9.5% during the fourth quarter. In closing, it is clear that millions of Canadians continue to rely on trustworthy, transparent, and responsible lenders such as goeasy. Our customers are everyday, hardworking Canadian families that rely on our financial products for a wide range of reasons, including paying bills, consolidating debt, and buying or fixing a vehicle to get to work. It is clear from the continued increase in demand for our products that non-prime lenders fill a much-needed and important role in the consumer credit market. Beyond the financial products we offer, it is also our team members that play a critical role in building relationships with our customers to ensure they have access to the right credit products that can meet their needs today, while helping them rebuild their credit score over time so they can graduate to prime lending rates. We are proud of the work we do, and we believe we are truly just getting started. With those comments complete, we will now open the call for questions. In order to ask a question, please press *11 on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press *11 again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. Our first question comes from the line of Nik Priebe with CIBC Capital Markets. Your line is now open. Okay, thanks for the question. Jason, as you pointed out, you're tracking to exceed the high end of the guidance range for year-end loan growth. If I extrapolate the recent growth trajectory into 2024, the target there is starting to look pretty conservative as well. So I, I guess the question is, you know, why not look to revise that guidance higher, this quarter? Is, is that forecasting exercise just something you'd be more inclined to revisit around, year-end? . So, I mean, we have followed a fairly consistent process for quite some time, which has been to put out fresh three-year guidance every February at year-end, where we roll off the current prior year and roll on the new year. And then generally mid-year, we will do either a minor revision or at least guide people to where we expect to finish within those ranges. But other than in unusual circumstances like COVID, et cetera, where they require immediate or meaningful revision, we're trying to stay fairly consistent with that process. So as you've noted, given the robust loan growth and the fact that we'll be beyond the high end of the range for this year, it is safe to assume that as we go into publishing those new forecasts next year, you should expect some upward revisions to those ranges. But we would likely stay the course and put out full three-year forecasts in February and be consistent with our process. , fair enough. Okay, that makes sense. And then if I compare the quarterly growth rate of the secured and unsecured lending portfolios, the trend line appears to be converging a little bit to some degree. So I wonder if you could just help us understand the dynamics there? . So it, the secured book stepped up, marginally, as you've noted, from 40 to 41%, roughly. I think as we've talked about in the past, when we've guided to the longer-term portfolio mix, we've said that we thought it would gradually rise to around 50/50. I think as we're now over 40, you're gonna see that that increase is a little bit more gradual. So you shouldn't expect to see material spikes in the proportion of secured. I think you can expect that it'll continue to slowly rise. But if you look at, you know, the mix of our business, the traditional, just pure unsecured personal loan is still a very meaningful and important product in our suite. If you were to bifurcate the CAD 230 million of loan growth in the quarter, the largest contribution of that loan growth is still our core and largest product, the unsecured personal loan. So that's why you're gonna see all products now grow, in somewhat lockstep, lockstep in a meaningful way, and, and probably see that secured mix just kind of slowly continue to inch up gradually towards what I think in a few years out, will be around 50/50, give or take. . Okay. No, that's good. That's helpful. I will, I'll pass the line for now. Thank you. Thanks. One moment for the next question. Your next question comes from the line of Etienne Ricard with BMO Capital Markets. Your line is now open. Thank you and good morning. A highlight for me this quarter is the magnitude of the operating margin expansion. I mean, the 400 basis points increase year-over-year is well in excess of the 100 basis points plus that you're guiding for in the forecast. So how should we think about incremental margins at this point, given the investments you've made in the retail branches and the online channels? , thanks. So, two things I would say. We're clearly at the point in our business's life cycle and growth cycle where we're experiencing the peak benefits of operating leverage. I.e., you know, a good portion of our infrastructure is built and developed. Our branch network is now fully developed, and so we're really now and for the next little while getting the benefit of a much higher rate of growth in revenue than we are in costs, particularly things like back office corporate costs. Two, we've also pushed harder on expense management, given the macroeconomic conditions and uncertainty, and been more purposeful and diligent about managing costs. So I would say part of the reason you're seeing more operating leverage than we originally guided to is because of the additional steps we're taking to try to make sure that, you know, we really better prepare the business for any of the uncertainties that could be, could be in the future. So if you think about our operating margin today at around 40%, I think it, we feel good that that will continue to expand. There'll, of course, be some, quarter-to-quarter volatility, but over the next several years, that number will still grow, over time by, I think, at least several hundred more basis points of margin expansion. If you think about our OpEx as a function of receivables, we're running with our OpEx kind of between 10%-12% as a function of receivables. If you take a look at a business like OneMain in the U.S., that would be obviously much more further along the curve of scale. Their OpEx as a function of receivables would be, like, 7%. So that just gives you a sense of how much more room there is in operating leverage from expense reductions as the business grows and scales. So we're very happy with where we're at. It's obviously a key strategy we've employed to offset the impact of yield reductions and higher funding costs. And at the moment, and for the foreseeable future, we think our operating leverage can continue to outstrip the margin compression from those other factors and, and protect margins overall. Okay. As part of a press release last week, you announced the potential for a partnership with Nova as it relates to providing credit to new Canadians. So, a two-part question. What percentage of your book is currently extended to new Canadians, which I interpret as individuals with a credit history of two to three years in Canada? And number two, what potential benefits would you anticipate from this partnership? Yes, I'll make a couple comments, and then Jason can jump in here if he wants to add anything. So, look, obviously the Canadian population has and will continue to experience meaningful immigration, and the number of new Canadians every year will continue to grow. So like all financial institutions, we're looking for ways to better improve the services and products we offer those folks. Nova Credit is a business that we've started collaborating with, hopeful we'll end up doing a formal agreement with at some point, that is essentially offering access to the credit data from other foreign countries, particularly those where we are experiencing the highest levels of immigration from, and converting that data into one standard format that a lender like goeasy can use. And then, and one of the major banks is, is already using, their services as well to help better assess, a new Canadian. To date, because we haven't necessarily had a dedicated strategy for that population, I think that our proportion is probably not all that dissimilar to the population. Maybe we over-index a little bit because we're generally taking more credit risks than the banks would, but it would still be in terms of the true definition of new Canadian, i.e., in the country less than 24 months, probably under 10%. As the size of the opportunity is reflective of the size of the pool of new Canadians, which, as you know, this past 12 months was a record at a million people. I think the outlook for the Canadian government is to continue to sustain 500,000+ new Canadians every year, which means that over the next 5-10 years, if you think about it in the long game, that could be a really important part of the way we build our business. So, not overly significant portion today. Still early days in terms of how we develop the right skills to serve that population, but certainly a new growth avenue for the future. Great. Thank you very much. One moment for the next question. Your next question comes from the line of Gary Ho with Desjardins. Your line is now open. Thanks. Good morning. You've yet to update your three-year commercial outlook, but it feels like the rate cap could be pushed out versus your January first implementation date. Can you just remind us, now, obviously, you have a slightly different mix than when it first came out, kind of what the step down could look like once that is implemented, maybe just on a quarterly basis? . So,, just to reiterate and clarify on that point, we are expecting to get more visibility to when the rate cap takes effect, hopefully by year-end. I think your point is correct. It's safe to assume now that a January 1 implementation would seem unlikely, and it's more likely to be in the back half of next year. You know, an additional, say, six months of originations at the previous allowable rate probably doesn't move the yield on the whole, you know, what will be close to CAD 3.5-4 billion loan book by the end of the year in a meaningful way. So, we may make some small revisions to the yield guidance, but I would not expect anything material just purely on, and only from, a partial year delay on the implementation date. So I think the yield range that we've published for next year, which is 33%-35%, is still a very comfortable range to use. Perhaps that'll push us into the upper end of the range, if everything goes according to plan. But I don't think you should assume much change in the range from a guidance perspective at this point. Is it true that you're thinking around the ancillary products not being captured in the rate cap, that still stands? Correct.. I mean, the government already published back when they announced the 35%, a pretty clear definition of what APR is and what's included and what isn't. And much like the definition in almost all developed countries that have maximum allowable interest rate rules, optional ancillary products and services the customer uses their discretion to purchase are outside of that, of that calculation. It's really meant to just capture anything that's a true mandatory charge to the borrower. Okay. Then, Jason, just, just on those comments on ancillary products, are there ways for you to grow that line outside of the creditor insurance product, given that it is not capped by, by the government over time? , for sure. I mean, you know, we every year we spend time thinking about our product roadmap, and we have a very robust list of additional products and services that we think our customers would be interested in. And, for us, it starts with what can we offer that brings value to the customer? We're not looking to, you know, build and launch products just to chase revenue. That's a too short thinking type approach. We're thinking about what are the additional products and services our customers would benefit from, and we've got a really comprehensive list. Our customers, of course, use a wide range of different benefits, a wide range of different insurances, a wide range of other financial services. So I think as we build this business, the platform scale, a big customer base, that's just gonna mean more and more opportunity to offer them other products and services. So, you know, our forecast today doesn't contemplate that. It's based purely on our core lending business. But as you think about the possibilities for goeasy, what might be other drivers of growth or other ways for us to capture and build new revenue streams in the wake of the lower APR threshold, certainly we've got other types of products on our roadmap and we're thinking about. Okay, perfect. And then just maybe this last question, just on the revenue yield. At the onset of the rate cap news, you raised your rates on portion of your book. Just wondering if there were any other rate increases in Q3 or ones that you might be contemplating over the near term. , we've done some pricing optimization, pretty much every couple of months, all year long. So we continue to do that. You'll see that our credit quality is improving, which typically means lower average yield or APRs, and you'll see our product mix continues to shift, which typically means lower interest rates than APRs, but yet our actual weighted average interest rate has stayed very stable. So think of that as underneath. We've made various pricing changes to compensate for the other pressures on the business. I don't think we're intending to do material increases, you know, beyond this level. I think our positioning in the market today is a very good one. We're able to use the benefits of our scale to capture a disproportionate share of the market. In part of that is because we still are attractively priced to the borrower and able to underprice relative to some of our competitors that have less scale. So it is very much still a journey of bringing down the weighted average interest rate for our customers over time. But I think at this point in our journey, where we've got other macro headwinds that have to be considered, the plan is to kind of hold the average rate steady. And then, of course, it'll then drift down as the rate cap takes effect at some point next year. Okay, perfect. Those are my questions. One moment for the next question. Your next question comes from the line of Marcel McLean with TD Securities. Your line is now open. Okay, thanks for taking my question. First question's on the auto side. Two-part question. Have you ever sized what the auto book is of the secured overall secured loans or of the overall portfolio? I know it's one of the faster growing areas. I was just wondering where that's sort of gotten to today. And secondly, if you're seeing any signs of weakness in the Canadian subprime auto market. I know there's been reports of the U.S. market seeing multi-decade highs in terms of delinquencies, if this is a small portion of your overall book, it might be sort of hidden in there. So just curious,, on the loss side and if you can size sort of the relevance of the book overall. So, with regards to your first question, so, as you noted, we don't break out the detail related to every product. Obviously, with the secured portion being 40% of our total book, then you know, that's around CAD 1.4 billion or thereabouts of total secured volume. Today, the proportion between our three largest secured products, home equity lending, power sports financing, and automotive financing, is reasonably proportionate. Like, they're all CAD several hundred million each. So it's not a perfect third split each way, but it's not wildly off that. Like, they're all very meaningful products, in our suite. Clearly, as we talked about, auto is the largest single product category, so inherently, over time, you would expect that that will overtake some of the other products. But we're also managing credit risk in a very conservative manner now. So you know, we are probably the ones moderating the rate of growth for that product, most so versus the amount of demand that's available. I think if we were to find ourselves at some point in a better economic environment with less uncertainty, you know, that product could probably grow even more, more quickly. As I said in the re- prepared remarks, it's one of the products that we're experiencing some of the strongest performance in, with the best overall average credit quality and the most improvements in the average credit quality. So, it's performing very well. This past quarter was actually our lowest repossession rate, that we've had since the launch of that product over two years ago. So it's just a good signal that the health of our business and the loans we've written remains in good stead. As it relates to the second question regarding just the general consumer, there's definitely stress on the general consumer. I think inflation over time has compounded to create pressures. We've seen unemployment tick up. It was as low as 5% at one point, and then 5, you know, 2, 3, 5, and now it's 5.7%. So it's under some pressure. GDP growth has obviously slowed down pretty meaningfully. Likely, we're in a technical recession now or very soon, and that's what we've modeled into our forecast. So there's definitely some pressure on the consumer in general. I think the consumer has held up better than people expected. There was anticipation they'd be under much more pressure by now, so they've held up better than expected. You know, our customer segment, as we've talked about in the past, generally is more resilient than people perceive. Again, with only one out of five owning a home, they're not feeling, in general, the kind of stress and pressure that the average prime borrower is. If you think about where this particular cycle is hitting people and where they're expecting to be hit the hardest, it's really the homeowner that's got a mortgage renewal. And so for more than 80% of our customers, that's not a major pain point or a major stressor. So I think the consumer overall is starting to feel some pressure, but less than people think. I think our segment of borrowers is feeling even less just because of the circumstances they're in. And then our business as a whole, given all the work we've done on credit risk, is obviously in very good shape, and we sort of modeled out what level of credit tolerance do we need to make sure, as the environment worsens, we can continue to produce stable credit results. So we're trying to outmanage the overall environment. The only other comment, Marcel, I'd add to that, Jason Appel here, is just when comparing to the U.S. comps, when it comes to auto, you have to keep in mind that you have a significant proportion of that market that is subject to regular refi risk. Virtually all the loans that we do at goeasy, and in fact, most of the loans that are done in the Canadian market, are straight purchase, whether that's new or used. Whereas in the United States, you have a quite large number of lenders that are engaged in first and second liens on autos, whereas we are only in first position on our entire book, as is most of the auto lending that goes on in Canada. It's not a surprise that you're gonna see some more degradation in the United States when economic weakness comes about, but it is likely that you won't see an exact replica of that in the Canadian market because the structure of that market and how credit is underwritten is somewhat different. Okay, thanks for that., that's very helpful to know. That's a good point. My second question is, in terms of your visibility for your outlook, like, demand for loans, it looks like it's been as strong as it ever has this quarter. If you're only funding about 15% of applications, even if we do see maybe some drop-off in demand at some point, how do you expect that to impact the business? So I think generally speaking, if you look at past periods of economic stress and cycles, the data does show that at some point during a cycle, demand for credit does soften somewhat. There's usually a point in a cycle when the consumer becomes a bit more conservative and cautious with the use of credit, but it's not a material softening. Most of the data points in terms of the public companies that have done consumer lending through many cycles, the TransUnion credit data will show you might experience a softening of up to, but no more than 10% of softening in demand. We don't foresee that likely being the case for us, given that we're operating in a market today where, because of all the other macroeconomic challenges, we're experiencing much less competitive tension. I think as the rate cap comes in, we've often talked about how there will be a select few companies with scale that will become net beneficiaries of that, whereas smaller companies struggle or fall away. We experience less new entrants. That'll push more demand to the select few companies that do have scale. So, yes, I think it's safe to assume that at some point, credit demand may soften somewhat. But in our particular case, where we've got so many products and channels that are in their earlier stage of development, where we're still a small company in a very large market, and where we're feeling less competitive tension, we're feeling very optimistic about the growth outlook. And,, as you say, you can see that in our numbers and in the trends today. As I said earlier, more likely that we would revise guidance from a growth perspective up versus down, that's for sure. Okay, thanks for that. If I could just seek one point or clarification on your prepared remarks. Did I hear that the credit guidance incorporates 7%+ unemployment rate at the high end? Did I get that right? . So just to clarify, when we develop a forecast and have to set our credit tolerance levels that we're comfortable with across our range of products, and when we calculate our loan loss provision under IFRS 9, we have to factor in the macroeconomic outlook. And the way that that mechanically works is we figure out the correlation between various macroeconomic variables, which for us are inflation, unemployment, oil, and GDP. And then we purchase a set of economic forecasts, in our case, from Moody's, and you can buy these forecasts from many of the big firms. We then work to weight the different economic scenarios so that they're probability weighted, and then that computes a theoretical economic outlook. We then use the correlations to determine what that would mean for the level of performance and stress on the book, and then reverse engineer what credit tolerance adjustments we need to make to ensure that we can maintain stable credit through that period of economic stress. Our base case, and of course, we've got downside cases, we've got upside cases, and we've stress-tested a variety of circumstances. But the base case we're using, that we're assuming is the sort of down the fairway scenario, is a mild to moderate recession, as that's the most common economic outlook. What that statistically means is unemployment rising close to 7%, meaning that our base case, the midpoint of all of our ranges, is contemplating unemployment going close to 7. If it stays in the low sixes, that will be upside to our plan. If it goes into the 7s or 8s, then we'll probably be in the higher end of our loss forecast, range. So our range kind of contemplates for more stress and less stress, but the base case, at the very bare minimum, we're expecting a mild to moderate recession with unemployment rising to about 7%. Yes. Okay, I appreciate that. Thank you very much for taking my questions. One moment for the next question. Your next question comes from the line of Stephen Boland with RJ. Your line is now open. Thanks, guys. Just one question from me. Obviously, the organic growth has been pretty robust now for several quarters, maybe for several years. Can you just talk about, you know, the possible rate change here in Canada, the cap? You know, have you seen, you know, M&A opportunities that have presented itself? And, you know, what... If you have seen that, you know, is it valuation? Is it the type of book? Maybe just talk about the M&A pipeline right now. . So, there was a period there where it was a little bit soft, and it felt like everybody was taking a wait and see approach. I'd say in the recent months, we've seen a little bit more activity, more opportunities come across our desks. We're engaging in more conversations. So, I don't think it's so much about regulation, so much as it is just the environment. As the environment gets tougher, that you know tends to sometimes be a catalyst for businesses to do strategic things. And so we're seeing some of that activity. As we've talked about for you know many years now, we are always open and willing to explore acquisition and strategic investments. We look at them regularly. We just have a very high standard and a very high hurdle rate that the number of opportunities we pursue end up being quite, quite few, given our robust organic growth. So we're hopeful that, you know, we will find another great opportunity at some point. There's nothing imminently in the pipeline that, you know, is gonna happen in the next few weeks. But we do have irons in the fire, and we are looking at opportunities. And, you know, we continue to assess them and try to find one that makes strategic sense for us. Is your focus on more...? You know, is it about the book? Like, if an unsecured loan book came available, do you look at the book or the distribution? Is it both, or is your focus really on secured products going forward? We're open to both. I think that, you know, in Canada, where we have the platform already, we would be more looking for opportunities to buy maybe a loan portfolio and maybe take another company out of the competitive market. Unlikely we're trying to buy, you know, a going concern business with a new platform when we already kind of have the platform we need. Maybe there's a scenario where we would buy a business or invest in a business because it gives us some new capability or some new product. But those are going to be far and few between, given how evolved our platform is here. If we were to consider another market, which we've talked about in the past, we're always open-minded to. There, we would probably be more focused on, like, a traditional branch-based loan business. As we're building experience in point-of-sale and auto, we might be more open-minded to those categories because we've got much more experience now in them. But the core branch model is probably still, you know, our more favored and desirable expansion method. So those are the kinds of things we're looking at. Those are the kinds of lines of business that we're evaluating. Again, nothing at this exact moment, but very hopeful that we'll find something that will really progress the company and, and launch it forward strategically at some point. Okay, appreciate that. That's all for me. Thanks. Again, in order to ask a question, please press *11 on your telephone. That is *11 on your telephone. And your next question comes from the line of Doug Cooper with Beacon Securities. Your line is now open. Hi, good morning, everybody, and congratulations on an excellent quarter. Just one quick one for me on the debt refinancing. You said you're highly confident of doing that before the end of the year. I think it's $550 million USD, currently at 5.65. Just in terms of this quarter, so this quarter, I'm assuming your underwriters would want to see that out of the way and want to be able to review that. So you know, it was a great time, obviously, to have a quarter like this. So what are your thoughts in terms of what kind of yield do you have to issue debt at? And when can you-- we've got about five more weeks before year-end, so and maybe this pricing again. . So, great question. It would be our expectation to execute on a refinancing transaction prior to it becoming current. So I'd say imminent is what I would say. And naturally, you know, you referenced the current rate on that debt facility running in the mid-single digit range. We would expect that, you know, based on where rates are at today, to be in the high-single digit range. But certainly looking to execute on a transaction imminently. Okay. That's it for me. Thanks, Jason. We have no further questions at this time. I will now turn the call back over to Jason Mullins. Great. Well, thank you, everyone, for taking the time to join our call today. We appreciate it, and we look forward to updating you next, when we close out the fourth quarter results early next year. So thank you very much, and have a fantastic day. Bye now. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.