Good morning, everyone. Welcome to WSP's third quarter 2023 results conference call. I would now like to turn the meeting over to Quentin Weber, Investor Relations. Please go ahead, Mr. Weber. Thank you and good morning. We hope that you're all doing well, and thank you for joining the call today. We will be discussing our Q3 2023 performance, followed by a Q&A session. Joining us this morning are Alexandre L'Heureux, our President and CEO, and Alain Michaud, our CFO. Please note that this call is also accessible on our website via webcast. During the call, we will be making some forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ from those expressed or implied. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any of these statements. Relevant factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those forward-looking statements are listed in our MD&A for the quarter that ended September 30, 2023, which can be found on SEDAR and on our website. In addition, during the call, we may refer to certain non-IFRS measures. These measures are also defined in our MD&A for the quarter that ended September 30, 2023. Our MD&A includes reconciliations of non-IFRS measures to the most directly comparable IFRS measures. Management believes that these non-IFRS measures provide useful information to investors regarding the corporation's financial, financial condition and results of every operation as they provide additional key metrics of its performance. These non-IFRS measures are not recognized under IFRS, do not have any standardized meaning prescribed under IFRS, and may differ from similarly named measures as reported by other issuers, and accordingly may not be comparable. These measures should not be viewed as a substitute for the related financial information prepared in accordance with IFRS. I will now turn the call over to Alexandre. Thank you, Quentin, and good morning, everyone. Let me start by saying that I'm proud of the strong results we continue to deliver this year. These results are in line with our improved financial outlook issued in August, which, as a reminder, increased our Adjusted EBITDA guidance by more than CAD 100 million, representing over CAD 1.9 billion for the full year. I would like to emphasize the following three highlights. First, we generated solid organic growth in net revenues across all of our reportable segments. Second, our backlog remains healthy and at record level, with approximately 12 months of revenues and a backlog organic growth of 7.2% in the first nine months of 2023. Lastly, we are staying through to our margin expansion strategy and delivering an Adjusted EBITDA margin of 19.1%, which represents a 50 basis point increase when compared to the same quarter last year. More specifically, on organic growth in Net Revenues, the momentum continued to be positive and was more pronounced in Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand. As for backlog and order intake, we benefit from the various stimulus programs being deployed across our key geographies, as well as global trends such as energy transition and decarbonization, which continue to require our strategic expertise. Significant contracts were awarded in Canada, and our order intake was strong in the Americas and India. I will be sharing a couple of examples in a few moments. During the last quarter, we provided additional visibility on our U.S. sub-backlog, and the upward trend we were witnessing has persisted. As a reminder, sub-backlog represent contract awards not yet included in our reported backlog, mainly because of pending funding confirmation. Our sub-backlog in the U.S. grew by approximately 50% year-on-year and 30% since the beginning of 2023. This positive dynamic applies in all our core sectors. There is a notable increase in demand for our market-leading expertise in data centers, sustainable infrastructure, and renewable projects, and awards across multiple WSP verticals and disciplines. On margin expansion, more specifically, we are making great progress, which is the direct result of a focused strategy. We are therefore making notable headway towards attaining our stated long-term vision of delivering a 20% EBITDA margin. Before I go over our recent events and recognitions for the third quarter, I would like to take a moment to discuss the leadership announcement we made yesterday. After a career spanning nearly 35 years, Lou Cornell has decided to retire from executive life in 2024 to enjoy quality time with his family. I thank Lou for his contribution to WSP and wish him a gratifying next chapter in his life. We have initiated the search process for Lou's successor. Going back to Q3, it was marked by the first anniversary since our acquisition of Wood E&I, which significantly increased our capacity in the earth and environment segment. Integration is on plan, and we continue to find opportunities to scale our service offerings even further. WSP's leadership in the sector is well acknowledged, and I wanted to take a moment to share three prestigious recognitions we recently received. The first was by the Engineering News-Record, known as ENR annual survey. We ranked first amongst the top 225 international design firms for the third consecutive year. It is an honor to have once again secured the top spot in this esteemed list. Our strong overall performance is a great testament to our unwavering commitment to innovation, sustainability, and addressing today's pressing global challenges. We also made Time Magazine's list of the World's Best Companies in 2023. We are one of only four Canadian-based companies on this year's list and the only one in the engineering sector. This recognition takes into consideration employee satisfaction, revenue growth, ESG data, disclosures, and impact. Lastly, we were recognized by Fortune Magazine and granted a place on the Fortune's Change the World list. This honor serves to recognize WSP for leading positive change through our activities and business strategies. We are extremely proud to be the only firm in our space to have been granted this distinction. Such recognitions are only attainable thanks to the collective effort of our teams around the world. I'm proud of their accomplishment, and it is a privilege to work in an industry that is at the forefront of the energy transition and global trends. Let me begin by focusing on the EV transition as an example. We are feeling a rapid acceleration of EV-related activity and growing opportunities. In fact, this year's Energy Outlook North America Forecast projected that the U.S. and Canada are expected to invest $12 trillion in renewables and grid infrastructure by 2050. We also see similar investment globally. We know that the robust electric vehicle market in North America and the substantial increase in government fundings for the EV battery market in Canada are motivating global clients to choose Ontario and Quebec for their facilities. WSP has expertise in place to support the full EV battery supply chain. We are also already providing a range of services, including site selection, environmental permitting, due diligence, engineering design, and project management support for the manufacturing of battery parts and battery assembly plants, as well as electric vehicle assembly plants. Project wins to date in 2023 have been robust, and we are well positioned to continue increasing our revenue stream in this sector. Another transition that is important to highlight is water and clean energy. This is a sector benefiting from a strong market momentum and in which we are well positioned to deliver. WSP was recently selected to design the Mersey Tidal in the U.K. This is a barrage with an expected capacity of at least 1 GW and is the largest publicly led renewable project in the country. Mersey Tidal will likely generate enough power for up to 1 million homes, create thousands of local jobs in the green economy, and make the regions a worldwide center of excellence. In addition to clean energy, the barrage is expected to provide protection against sea level rise and help create and enhance natural habitats. Additionally, we constantly make efforts to attract the best professionals in our fields of expertise and enable our talent to work on fascinating and complex projects. We continue to leverage our internal global network of professionals, and one recent project I was impressed with, was when our healthcare teams from around the globe joined forces to chart the decarbonization journeys of nine healthcare systems across six continents. Decarbonization is a preoccupation for all of us, and at WSP, we firmly believe in the power of uniting to tackle the biggest challenges. Members of our team across our platform work together to propose solutions aimed at reducing the healthcare sector's carbon footprint, which represent almost 5% of global carbon emissions. I want to also underscore the work WSP is completing on the New Zealand North Auckland Line. This critical route was severely damaged after Cyclone Gabrielle. Because we take great pride in assisting clients in all facets of sustainability and climate resilience, our geotechnical and stormwater teams were thrilled to be selected to head the remediation work. They worked relentlessly to provide a resilient railway line and embankment stability for future extreme weather events and operational surface water drainage. Our world continues to be impacted by natural disasters, and I firmly believe WSP has an important role to play to support communities. With close to 150,000 active projects per year in a multiple of sectors, we are committed to executing work that supports a sustainable and resilient society, taking pride in our leadership role to contribute to a low-carbon world and expedite the green transition. On that note, let me turn over to Alain, who will go over our strong Q3 results in more detail. Thank you, Alex. For the first quarter, revenues and net revenues reached CAD 3.6 billion and CAD 2.7 billion, respectively, both up 24% compared to the first quarter of 2022. We delivered solid net revenue organic growth of 6.7% in the quarter, attributable to all reportable segments. Our backlog as of September 30 remained robust and stood at CAD 14.3 billion, representing 12.1 months of revenue with a 7.2% organic growth in the first nine months of 2023. Organic order intake in the third quarter alone reached CAD 4 billion. Adjusted EBITDA in the quarter stood at CAD 522 million, compared to CAD 407 million in the third quarter of 2022, a 28% increase. Adjusted EBITDA margin increased by 50 basis points to 19.1%, compared to 18.6% in the second quarter of 2022, attributable to our ongoing margin enhancement initiatives. In the nine-month period ended September 30, Adjusted EBITDA margin increased by 30 basis points to 17.2%. Our capacity to improve our margin profile provides us with the confidence to achieve the strategic plan target to increase Adjusted EBITDA margin annually by 30-50 basis points. For the quarter, adjusted net earnings stood at CAD 246 million, or $1.98 per share. This is an increase of CAD 53 million, or $0.39 per share, respectively, compared to the third quarter of 2022. Cash inflows from operating activities reached CAD 210 million in the nine months ended September 30, compared to CAD 207 million in the first nine months of 2022. Free cash outflow reached CAD 177 million for the nine-month period that ended September 30. We aim for a 100% conversion of free cash flow to net earnings for 2023, when excluding the continued impact of changes in tax regulation in the U.S. relating to research and development. In regards to guidance, our financial outlook for 2023, issued in the Q2 2023 press release, is reaffirmed. From a modeling perspective, acquisition and integration costs are now expected to range between CAD 95 million and CAD 105 million, given recent acquisition and further identified opportunities. In conclusion, I'm very pleased with our financial performance as we delivered yet another solid quarter. On that, back to you, Alex. Thank you, Alain. I will conclude by reiterating that I am pleased with our performance. Overall, we benefited from positive market dynamics and continue to believe in the strength of our unique global and diversified platform. We remain steadfast in our ability to deliver as per expectations. Our pipeline of projects remains robust, and we are well positioned to keep growing and capturing market share. As I mentioned in the introduction, we significantly increased our financial outlook in August, and as of today, we remain confident and committed to this guidance. While the macroeconomic and geopolitical, political environments are fluid, our business is well diversified and resilient, and we remain vigilant, disciplined, and focused. I trust our ability to navigate with agility while focusing on diligently executing our strategic ambition. I have confidence in our strategy, our platform, and our people. On that note, we will now begin the Q&A session. Thank you. Thank you. If you would like to ask a question, you will need to press star one and one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, you can press star one and one again. So once again, that's star one and one to ask a question. Thank you. We'll now take our first question. First question is from the line of Jacob Bout from CIBC. Please go ahead. Good morning. Hello, Jacob. So seeing a solid organic growth in almost all areas, but the MD&A is calling out, you know, difficult market conditions in China. Can you remind us, you know, what your exposure is to China right now? And have things improved there or gotten worse? And are there any other areas that you could be seeing some softness right now? Yeah. Well, first of all, good morning, Jacob. Look, China, we have minimal exposure, and has been reducing over the last 12 months. So if you look at mainland China, it's less than, you know, 500 people that we have now in China, so it's really de minimis. So for us, I think it's of course, we know our Chinese business has suffered from what's happening in the real estate market in China. But having said all that, the Hong Kong, Singapore, and Southeast Asia is still has remained quite good. And we're feeling good about the future prospect in the region. Any other areas that you could be seeing any weakness or? I'm sorry, I missed that. Any other areas that you're seeing any type of softness? You mean globally? Globally, yes. I think... Yeah, no, I'd say that at the moment, and I think some of you have. I've already expressed this, I think we're. I continue to be very impressed with the way our EMEA region has been performing over the course of the first nine months of the year. It's been very, very resilient. Thank you, I guess, or thanks to our diversified platform. But so far, if I look at the Nordics, look at our performance in Central Europe and the U.K., it's been quite resilient. And actually to a certain extent, quite robust. North America has been a very good market for us, and Australia and New Zealand continue to perform. Overall, we're, you know, that's the reason why we've had strong results in Q3 and strong results year to date. Okay, that's helpful. And then maybe just as a second question here, you know, pretty significant use of working capital during the quarter. You know, was this a timing issue? And, and how do you think about DSO levels trending ahead? Yep. Hi, Jacob. So our target for end of year, Jacob, is still to be in the range that we've announced. We're currently in DSO 77 days, target 70-75 days. So we have experienced a bit of delay in Canada on billing as a result of the new system we put in place. This is now under control. It's just a result of having a new system, learning new ways of working. So that has impacted Q3 DSO, but we expect to catch up in Q4. We're committed to do that 100% cash conversion, and with the exception of the Canadian situation, the rest of our free cash flow is according to plan. Obviously, we've discussed the Section 174, this tax regulation in the U.S. that came into force about two years ago. We need to keep in mind that this is about CAD 100 million headwind in our free cash flow year to date versus last year. So when you compare that to a CAD 600 billion free cash flow business, this is significant. The rest of the business is doing quite well. We're continuing to be quite focused on cash collection. Our clients are committed. We don't see any softness in, you know, delays in payment terms and things like that, so it's going well. We expect to be within our range by the end of the year. That's helpful. Thank you. Thank you. We'll now move to our next question. This is from the line of Chris Murray from ATB Capital Markets. Please go ahead. Yeah. Thank you, folks. Just turning back to the conversation around soft backlog and backlog conversion. I guess, you know, order intake's been very, very strong, and we're starting to see that in the months of work creep up a little bit. But thinking about what's required to start converting some of that soft backlog, I think you talked about, you know, there are some funding issues, and I know there's some different discussions in the U.S. around that. Can you maybe give us a bit more color on when you think you're gonna start converting some of that? And I guess more importantly, what that will look like as we move into 2024 and 2025 as that converts? Yeah. Hi, good morning. But first of all, I just wanna clarify a point you just made. I mean, we're not talking about funding issues. The nuance here is very important. We're talking about funding confirmation, which is slightly different here. We need to remember that we're, you know, you take the U.S., for instance, they have three distinct funding mechanisms, and one of them, it's $1 trillion. And so far, you know, of that $1 trillion, probably around $270 billion has been allocated already over 36,000 projects. So there are some delays to be expected when you are trying to deploy such a big number, obviously, over so many different projects. So I think it's just a normal course of business at this point in time. But I think on the positive note, we are seeing, you know, projects being awarded and our win rate has been very robust and very strong. I think now it's just a matter of getting confirmation around the funding and be able to start the projects. All right. Just maybe following up to that, one of the things, I guess, as we're watching, you know, kind of months of backlog, you know, kind of creeping into the low 12s, you know, it's not the highest you've ever been, but thinking about this additional work coming, you know, with the changes in the environment that we've seen, how are you finding the ability to recruit and add employees in this marketplace? Has it started to shift a little bit with some of the economic softness, or is it still a fairly tight, a tight market for talent? Well, this year we welcome, you know, in excess of 10,000 newcomers within the company, which is a testament of our ability to recruit talent within the company globally. And also we have seen, you know, a sharp reduction in turnover, and now back to close to historical level. So when you combine our ability to recruit and a reduction in turnover, I'd say that now I think we're obviously feeling better than perhaps where we were 18 months ago as a result of it. Okay. All right, I'll leave it there. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. We'll now take our next question. This is from the line of Michael Doumet from Scotiabank. Please go ahead. Hey, good morning. Just to follow up- Good morning, Michael. -on the last question. Good morning. So you commented on the sharply lower turnover. I'm just trying to think about the relationship with lower turnover to productivity and- ... Does the benefit of lower turnover have a real-time impact to productivity, in your opinion, or does it lag? Just trying to think of that dynamic. Well, obviously, turnover is quite expensive. So you are right in mentioning that, that is going to have a positive impact on our productivity. But also, recruitment is where you-- You know, when you recruit, you have to train, so you lose some efficiencies. So that's why by reducing your turnover, you are in a position just naturally to increase your productivity. So I think, without saying it's a real direct impact of one for one, it's almost direct, effectively. That's helpful. And if I caught the prepared remarks correctly, I think you highlighted higher anticipated M&A costs for the year. And I think that was due to, I think, what you called further identified opportunities. Can you comment on that a little bit? Just wondering, you know, given the higher rate environment, just wondering if that's not challenging M&A at all. Yeah, I could start, Michael. The higher cost that we anticipate is explained by two things. First, we've completed four acquisitions since the beginning of the year, so that was obviously not part of our initial guidance that we've issued at the beginning of 2023. So that's one part. The second part, which is a good news story, it's we're identifying more opportunities in our acquisition of 2022, namely Wood E&I. So that drives a little bit more integration costs, but you've got, on the flip side, the benefit of increased synergy. So that's... Those are essentially the two reasons for increased costs. Also we've confirmed the disposal of the LBS business back in Q3, so that too added a bit of cost related to that disposal. Perfect. I'll get back in queue. Thank you. Thank you. We'll now take our next question. This is from the line of Jonathan Lamers from Laurentian Bank Securities. Please go ahead. Good morning. Good morning. On the Wood E&I integration, is that complete now? And how do you feel the overall WSP is positioned for its next acquisition? Yeah, look, the, it's a one-year anniversary, so we are very pleased with the way the Wood E&I performance has gone so far, but also on the integration front. Obviously, you know, this was, in terms of numbers, the largest acquisition we had completed in our history. So there's still obviously some, I would say, some stream of activities that we continue to complete and must complete to have, like a full integration completed. However, I feel that we are in a very, very good position at this point in time when you look back on the effort and what we were able to achieve over the last 12 months. So I think that, if your question more specifically is that a roadblock to future acquisition? The answer is absolutely not. Thank you. I'd like to just clarify a point on the Americas segment. The organic growth was a bit slower than some other markets for the quarter. I recognize there is a large soft backlog and appreciate your comments on funding. Do you believe the U.S. business is capturing as much of a benefit from the infrastructure funding as you would expect at this point? Yes, the answer, like a quick answer to your question is yes, absolutely. Our win rate is up compared to you know, a year or two ago. So we feel that we are gaining market share in the U.S. So we essentially, in other words, winning more than our share at this point in time, and we're feeling good about it. So the answer is yes. Thanks for your comments. Thanks, Jonathan. Thank you. We'll now take our next question. This is from Frederic Bastien, from Raymond James. Please go ahead. Hi, good morning. Good morning, Frederic. I would like to go back to the M&A discussion here. Are you feeling better about M&A opportunities today than you were maybe 12, 18 months ago? You know, you've got, you've got higher interest rates slowing industry activity quite a bit here, but there are probably fewer players in the sandbox right now, which could, could play to your advantage. So wondering if you could just expand on that, please. Well, I think you're right. I think that... I think I've said it in the past, Frederic, and you heard me saying that in the past. In good markets, I feel WSP has opportunities to be opportunistic, but equally in tougher markets, if you have a strong balance sheet and you have a well-run organization that is running a tight ship, good players will also have opportunities to be opportunistic. So, my feelings in the current environment have not changed, if that makes sense. ... Makes a lot of sense. Thanks. I think you probably have to answer that question every couple of conference call, but anything keeping you up at night? Well, look, I think it'd be- it wouldn't be transparent to ignore what's happening in the world right now. I think we have not mentioned. We don't talk about geopolitics much on our conference call because this is not our business. And we are busy delivering services to our clients. We're busy delivering to our and creating an exciting work environment for employees. But obviously, I mean, there's a lot going on. But at the same time, I look at the year that we are delivering right now. I'm very pleased with our performance. We are in the middle of our budgetary process right now for 2024, and, you know, with what we know today, I think, I don't expect the market condition in 2024 to be materially different to 2023, and therefore, you know, I'm feeling actually cautiously optimistic about it. So I think, yes, there's a lot happening, but when you look at the underlying trends of fueling our company, you know, I'm feeling good about where we are today. Thank you. That's all I have. Thank you. Thank you. We'll now take our next question. This is from Michael Kypreos from Desjardins. Please go ahead. Good morning, and congrats on the strong results. Maybe circling back to your comments on the EV supply chain earlier in the call. Last week, Hydro-Québec announced a pretty significant investment plan in both size and, and scope, among many others in the province. Can you maybe give a little more details on WSP's expertise in the sector and your strategy in attacking the volume of capital that will be entering over the next decade? Yeah, look, obviously, in this space, we have very strong expertise. We have been servicing you, you talked about, Hydro-Québec. I don't wanna talk about specific clients, but we have been working with Hydro-Québec for many decades now. It's a great client. We have a great relationship, and we will obviously believe that the plan is sound, and we received well what was announced by the new administration and by the CEO. And obviously, this is early days. But as I said, we feel we are very well positioned, and WSP is a strong energy transition player around the world, not just in Canada. So I think it bodes well for the future. That's helpful. That's all for me. Thank you. Thank you. We'll now take our next question. This is from the line of Maxim Sytchev from NBC. Please go ahead. Hi, good morning, gentlemen. Hey, Max. Alex, I was wondering if you'd, if you don't mind maybe commenting on how the scale of your environmental and water practice right now is spilling over into, you know, beneficial growth in other areas? Because obviously, given your leadership position there, that helps. I'm just wondering if you can just maybe comment a little bit more in detail on that. Thanks. You mentioned water. Sorry, the line is not good this morning. So you said, can you please repeat? I'm sorry, Max. I didn't hear- Yeah, no, no, no worries. Just, for sure. Just in terms of how the scale of environmental and water business is spilling over and helping you with other verticals, at WSP, in terms of whether win rates or capabilities or being sort of early with a client. Just maybe any color there. Thank you. Well, this has been incredible. I mean, I think, as you know, we are transforming and have been transforming the organization and the company in recent years. If I just look back to 2018, when we announced that we wanted to build that sector, at the time, environment and water was representing less than 10% of our top line, and today represent north of 30%. We have in excess of 20,000 people working in that space. And, you know, we are clearly the leading player in, you know, the services I would call soft or environmental services, like permitting, social acceptability studies, planning. But then when you talk about rehabilitate site, the rehabilitating sites and remediation, I mean, we're clearly one, if not the leading player as well in the space. So we get into on-site very, very early on in the planning of a project, and oftentimes this is giving us an opportunity to cross-sell our services. I'm not in a position to talk about our projects that were just awarded to us, but in the next quarter or two, I will be spending time explaining, because I think this is a perfect example of the cross-collaboration that is happening right now within WSP. I mean, we are in a position now to cross-sell environmental work with our building sector, with our transportation sector, our power sector. And, in the next quarter or two, I'd like to use this projects as an example to highlight, you know, our business model and actually what, what we intend to do going forward and how we intend to grow our, our company. So yes, indeed, Max, I think this has been quite strategic for us to get early on sites and on projects and in the boardroom with clients. You know, and the planning phase of a projects and the social acceptability phase of a project, and the permitting phase of a project, and be in a position to bring all of our expertise to this client. So yes, we're feeling very good about it. Okay, excellent. Super helpful. And then maybe just a follow-up question in terms of the funding dynamic in the U.S. If hypothetically there was sort of any change in terms of the leadership, because like a lot of these bills were supported by both parties, what are your thoughts in terms of visibility of, you know, seeing that funding not being changed? Maybe just any color that you can provide for the benefit of us, we want to know. Yeah, look, I'm, you know, I, I'm not a U.S. political expert, obviously, Max. But, look, we need to remember that these were all bipartisan infrastructure funding. So, so I think both sides of the aisle, both the Republicans and the Democrats, were in favor of the infrastructure law, the Inflation Reduction Act, the CHIPS Act. So, so I don't think that much of that will be impacted by the new leadership at Congress. Obviously, I think it's in the best interest of the country to continue to create jobs and fund projects and fund the various states. As I said before, already $270 billion of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Act has been deployed over 36,000 projects. I think that's a boat that is now sailing. So I think, you know, it should continue going forward. Okay, absolutely. Great to hear. Last question for you, if I may: Is it possible to have a bit more color in terms of sort of the pacing of sort of the CRM rollout global? Because I think you were doing these things sort of in stages. Just maybe a bit of an update there. Thank you. Yeah. So CRM, you mean the sales? So our ERP, Max, there's multiple module that we're implementing and sales is part of it. Our rollout plan is based by country, so now we've done Canada, and Canada has all the functionality, including the CRM. Next, we're going to U.S. and U.K., which is planned for, you know, H1 2024, and they will get CRM. So the CRM will become available in each country in our new system as we roll out per country. That being said, it's not like we don't currently have those systems in place. We'll have a better system, but we have various CRM in place in each of our countries. So we do have the ability, obviously, to track our success and our pipeline across the patch. Okay, excellent. Thank you so much. That's it for me. Thank you. Thank you. As a reminder, if you would like to ask a question, you can press star one and one on your keypad, and do please increase your volume when you ask your question so that we can hear you loud and clear. Thank you. We'll now take the next question. Next question from the line of Ian Gillies from Stifel. Please go ahead. Morning, everyone. Morning, Ian. I'm just curious, when I look at year-to-date revenue, let's call it 54-ish% public sector, is the backlog materially more weighted to, call it public sector clients, given the amount of spending going on in that part of the market? No, I'd say that it's relatively stable at this point. The follow-on with respect to the public sector work, I suppose, is, when you think about your employees and bidding for work, is there any material difference in how you bid for work, depending on whether it's a public sector or private sector client, or are there any nuances there that are worth highlighting? Well, the procurement process is typically different, obviously. You know, so the private sector tend to be, how can I use the word that I'd like to use? Probably a bit more dynamic, perhaps quicker, in the way work is being procured. In the public sector, there are numerous steps that you need to go through before a project is being awarded. But clearly, I think, you know, other than that, I think we, it's pretty fluid process. So whether you look at the public sector or the private sector. Perfect. That's really all I had. All... Everything else had been answered. Thanks very much. Thank you. Thank you. We'll now take the next question. This is from the line of Sabahat Khan from RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead. ... Great. Thanks very much. You know, provide a bit of color on the directional top-line outlook over the next years. I was hoping to get a bit of perspective on the margin progression, and it doesn't have to be anything specific on 2024. But as you look across over the next one, two, three years, can you maybe talk about what you expect are going to be the largest contributors to EBITDA margin improvement across operating leverage, regional mix, maybe more better utilization? Just trying to get perspective on as we think about the next one-three years, what the bigger drivers would be of margin improvement, in your outlook. Yeah, good morning, Saba. Look, I think I mentioned that in a few occasions in the past, running a professional services firms and tells us to look at a number of different levers. It's not one single lever that is going to increase your margin profile. Obviously, you need to operate in good markets. Supply-demand dynamics is very, very important. I do indeed believe we operate in very good markets. North of 90% of our EBITDA is generated in OECD countries, and I've said that in the past, and I'm repeating it again. I feel that that's our sweet spot for WSP, and we'll continue to operate in those markets, number one. Number two, you talked about productivity. Clearly, it's a very important component of our work. Third, digitalization of our services and technology, I mean, leveraging technology in our platform. I think I've mentioned that in the past. I think if you look over the last decade, we have been able to do a lot more with a lot less. In other words, we are, our charge-out rate per employees, per FTEs, has increased by, I believe, 50%. So that's, I think, a testament of how we have been able to become more efficient, use technology and increase our rate, our charge-out rate. And thirdly, and that's something that is not oftentimes being discussed, but the brand of the company is also important. I feel that the brand awareness around the world of WSP has gone up, and I think clients are coming and knocking on our door and wanting to work with WSP. I just look at the quality of the client base that we have today, and the strong relationship that we have been able to build with our clients, that too, has an impact on our margin profile. People are willing to pay for quality services, and they are willing to pay for deep expertise. I believe that when you look at the evolution of the firm, that's, you know, what you have seen over the last few years. That's something that should not be neglected and that we're working extremely hard on. Great. Thanks. Then you talked a little bit about some of the IIJA money and other funding that's coming through. As you look ahead to sort of the pipeline stuff that's not quite in your backlog over the next 12, 15 months, you know, which end markets are those projects concentrated in? Are they, you know, how well aligned are they with your sort of end market mix? I'm just trying to get an understanding of where the initial money is going versus the money that may come, you know, 24, 36 months out by end markets. Well, so something that is well understood, but when you look at the funding, we tend to talk a lot about water, we tend to talk a lot about power and grid, and we tend to talk about EV and things like that. But when you stop and really take the time to reflect and study how what's the plan and the strategy and how money is going to be deployed, we need to remind our investors and prospective investors that the vast majority of the capital will be deployed in roads, bridges, and transportation projects. And that's not something that is typically discussed. And you know, you know that WSP is the number one transportation franchise around the world. I think we are very well positioned and uniquely positioned to take advantage of that in years to come. Great. Thanks so much. Thank you. Thank you. We'll now take the next question. Next question from the line of Michael Tupholme from TD Securities. Please go ahead. Thanks. Good morning. Morning. Good morning. Maybe one more sort of stab at a margin-related question here. I know you just, to an extent, you just addressed this, Alex, mentioning that there are many levers to margin improvement over time. But just looking at the third quarter, obviously a very nice increase year-over-year in terms of up 50 basis points on Adjusted EBITDA margins. That, regionally, that was primarily driven by the Canada segment. I guess I'm just wondering, as we look forward regionally, are there, is the expectation that you should be able to continue to see gains sort of across the board? Or do you see greater opportunities, relatively speaking, in certain specific regions for the margin improvement going forward? Good morning, first of all, Michael. I always caution investors or analysts to look at one quarter and draw any conclusions. I think, I'd rather you look at the long-term trends over 12 months at the very least. And I'd say that generally speaking, perhaps with the exception of China, which I mentioned is more challenging at this point in time, we should expect, and we clearly have the aspiration, to make improvement pretty much everywhere in our group at this point in time. So that's the goal, that's the aspiration, that's the objective. And looking and going into 2024, I'm not sure I'm revealing any secret at this point in time, but we are clearly hoping for margin improvement next year. No, that's perfect. Thank you, Alex. Fair, fair point. I'm sure, I'm sure you're working hard on driving margin improvement for next year and, and beyond. And maybe that just maybe feeds into the second question here. When you unveiled your last three-year plan, you had talked a little bit about sort of a longer-term aspiration of seeing margin potentially rise to over the 20% level, EBITDA margin. I know you didn't put a timeline on that or give a lot of details around that, but I guess I'm just wondering internally how you're thinking about that now. Are you... I mean, have things been falling into place the way you would've hoped and you're on track for that still? Or any evolution you're thinking around kind of the longer-term opportunity? Well, we're laser focused on that, Michael. So, obviously, we are only in the second year of our three-year plan. What we had mentioned when we unveiled our plan in 2022 is that we wanted to generate EBITDA margin between 17.5%-18.5% EBITDA margin in this cycle. I think, you know, we are confident that we're gonna finish, you know, within the range. And hopefully, we're gonna finish in the higher end of that range. So we have. As I said, we have our eyes set on that target. And the reason why I mentioned it in the last plan, it's because it's an aspiration, but it's more than an aspiration, it's an objective. We have not put a timeline on it, obviously, because it's extremely hard in the current market environment. And if I look back in 2022, post-pandemic, to make long-term prediction, you know, anything beyond three years, you know as well as I do, it's extremely difficult. Nobody has a crystal ball. But I can tell you that I'm feeling confident that we're gonna reach that goal, and it's not gonna be in the long-term future, if that makes sense. That's helpful. Yeah, thanks, Alex. Thank you. Thank you. There were no further questions at this time, so I will hand back to the speakers for any closing remarks. Thank you. Well, thank you again for attending our Q3 conference call. I look forward to updating you in Q4. Thanks for your support and commitment, and we'll be in touch soon. Thank you. Thank you. This does conclude the conference for today. Thank you for participating, and you may now disconnect.