Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the TMX Group Limited Q2 2021 financial results conference call. At this time, all lines are in listen-only mode. Following the presentation, we will conduct a question and answer session. If at any time during this call you require immediate assistance, please press star zero for the operator. This call is being recorded on Thursday, August 5th, 2021. I would now like to turn the conference over to Paul Malcolmson. Please go ahead. Well, thank you, operator, and good morning, everyone. I hope that you and all of your families are staying well and safe. Thank you for joining us this morning for the second quarter 2021 conference call for TMX Group. As you know, we announced our results late yesterday, and a copy of our press release is available on our website, tmx.com, under investor relations. This morning, we are once again joining virtually and have with us John McKenzie, our Chief Executive Officer, and David Arnold, our Chief Financial Officer, joining for his first earnings call at TMX. Welcome, David. Following opening remarks, we will have a question and answer session. Before we begin, I want to remind you that certain statements made on today's call may be considered forward-looking. I refer you to the risk factors contained in our press release and reports that we have filed with regulatory authorities. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to John. Well, thank you, Paul. Good morning, everyone. Thanks for dialing into the call today to discuss TMX Group's financial performance for the second quarter and first half of 2021. As people here in Canada and across much of the world work towards the next normal phase of life during the COVID-19 pandemic, I want to start by wishing everyone listening in this morning the very best of health on behalf of all of us here at TMX. As Paul mentioned, we announced our Q2 2021 results last night. I trust many of you had the chance to read through our financial statements and related disclosures. Today is an exciting day for us as we welcome the new voice to our quarterly discussion, David Arnold, our new Chief Financial Officer. David joined the organization at the beginning of June and has hit the ground virtually running in many respects, acclimating himself to TMX in his new role and getting to know the great finance team we have here. I will turn the call over to David in a few minutes, and he will take us through the strong financial results for the quarter. I want to focus my comments this morning on TMX performance throughout the first six months of 2021 and the progress we are making in some of our priority initiatives as we move back into the back half of the year. TMX's operating results reflect some of the considerable successes on the first half of 2021, including the vitality of our capital markets ecosystem, including some significant records and milestone achievements in our core listing franchise, the benefits of TMX's long-term diversification strategy, and a demonstrated ability to leverage the depth of capabilities across the organization to add value to the markets we serve and ultimately to achieve growth. While we operate in an industry subject to sudden and unpredictable change, a key and consistent factor contributing to TMX's success this year, as much as any other in our long history at the center of Canada's capital markets, is the unwavering commitment of our people. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, people in all walks of life have faced considerable challenges in their efforts to balance remote work and family life. I'd like to recognize the fantastic efforts of TMX employees, staff working in our offices and at home, to adapt to the increased workload of a busy market and ensure we continue to provide excellent service to our clients here in Canada and around the world. Turning now to our results in the first half of the year. Revenue was CAD 497 million, an increase of 13% from the first half of 2020. Diluted earnings per share grew 27%, or 24% on an adjusted basis, compared with the first six months of 2020. Overall growth was driven by strong performances across several of our business areas, including capital formation, equities and fixed income, trading and clearing, and Trayport. Total operating expenses increased 1% from the first six months of 2020, largely due to higher costs related to our short-term employee incentive plan and sales commissions and increased severance costs. These increases in expenses were somewhat offset by the net litigation settlement costs incurred in the first half of last year. Now, taking a closer look at performance of our business areas. Revenue from capital formation was CAD 130.3 million, an increase of 48% from the first half of 2020, driven largely by a surge in the number of issuer financings and financing dollar raised on Toronto Stock Exchange and TSX Venture Exchange. We are in the midst of the strongest IPO market in 15 years, with 35 corporate IPOs on Toronto Stock Exchange and TSX Venture Exchange in the first half of the year. In total, we had 247 new listings, a 79% increase from the first half of last year. TMX Exchanges ranked number two in the world in new listings among our global peers through June 30th, according to data from the World Federation of Exchanges. Momentum in companies coming to market has continued through the early weeks of summer. Entrepreneurs in Canada and around the world are leveraging our public markets to access growth capital, and the profile of visionary companies choosing a public path to growth is as broad as ever. In all market conditions, it is crucial to the long-term success and competitiveness of a marketplace that we continue to seek out adaptive ways to address the needs of businesses of all sizes and in various stages of their development. A look at a few of the additional key stats for the first half provide some helpful context as to the broad scope of the success. In terms of equity financing on TSX and TSX Venture, we had our best first half in history, with a combined total of CAD 34.7 billion raised by issuers. A 101% increase over the first half of 2020. For context, issuers on the two exchanges raised CAD 42.8 billion in the entirety of 2020. Total combined TSX and TSX Venture market capitalization reached CAD 4 trillion for the first time in our history, including CAD 100 billion on TSX Venture, also an all-time high. TSX Venture also graduated 19 companies to the Toronto Stock Exchange through June, more than any other first half in the last 10 years. We're seeing encouraging signs that our recent efforts to improve an important program geared to serving this critical foundation of our two-tier ecosystem is working for our clients. At the beginning of the year, TSX Venture Exchange revamped its signature Capital Pool Company, or CPC program, which is a unique listing vehicle that has accounted for nearly one-third of the new TSX Venture Exchange listings in the past 10 years. The changes in the policy were designed to increase flexibility, reduce the regulatory burden, and improve the overall economics for prospective issuers, and the early returns are very positive. In the first half of the year, TSX Venture listed 37 new CPCs, a 131% increase from the first half of 2020. In addition, our other issuer services revenue also increased, increasing by CAD 7 million or 53% from the first six months of last year, reflecting increased revenue from TSX Trust due to higher transfer agent fee revenue and increases in corporate trust and recoverable revenues. Our TSX Trust team has been handling more files than ever, as increased market activity has boosted demand for our corporate trust, transfer agency, and registered plan services. The expected close of our AST Canada transaction, announced in September of last year, will further augment our ability to serve the needs of companies across the marketplace, broadening the scope and scale of its service offering. Now I'd like to turn to equity trading. Revenue from equities and fixed income trading and clearing was CAD 126 million in the first six months of 2021, up 7% from last year. The year-over-year growth was driven by an increase of 88% in TSX Venture Exchange volumes and 43% higher volumes on TSX Alpha, partially offset by an 11% decrease in volumes on the Toronto Stock Exchange. Trading activity surged on TSX Venture throughout the first half, reflecting increased investor interest in the diverse set of early-stage companies listed on our world-leading junior market. The S&P/TSX Venture Composite Index was up 55% year-over-year through the end of June, ranking among the top-performing markets in the world. Across our core equities markets, we continue to be committed to enhancing the TMX trading client experience. Our equities trading team continues to work with clients and stakeholders to ensure our markets remain responsive, innovative, and globally competitive. Our key upcoming initiatives remain on track. The launch of our new improved TSX Market on Close facility, or MOC, is also due to launch on schedule this fall. The MOC facility plays a crucial role in Canada's markets, setting the official closing price for eligible Toronto Stock Exchange and select TSX Venture Exchange listed issues and facilitating benchmark portfolio rebalancing. We are especially proud to bring the revamped MOC to market this year, as this initiative is the result of dedicated, collaborative effort with our industry partners to better align our model with global peers and provide clients with increased transparency and consistency of execution. TSX DRK, Canada's fastest-growing dark pool, is set to launch trading and conditional orders in the fourth quarter of 2021, a move designed to increase functionality and further attract liquidity. The addition of conditional orders is the next step in the TSX DRK client engagement strategy as we continue to explore ways in which we can augment and adapt the functionality on TSX DRK and build on its reputation as a premier dark pool in Canada. Now moving on to Trayport. Revenue for Trayport was CAD 73.8 million, a 10% increase from the first half of 2020, driven by a 7% growth in the average number of subscribers. The average number of trader subscribers was up 7% from the first half of last year, as was average total subscribers. Trayport continues to add to its capability to serve the data and analytical needs of traders, portfolio managers, and analysts across the rapidly evolving global energy market. In June, Trayport completed the successful acquisition of Tradesignal, a leading producer of rule-based trading and technical chart analysis software. Now increment integrated into Trayport's Joule network, the addition of Tradesignal brings enhanced charting and analytics features to Trayport's primary client offering, along with opportunities for clients to test both short- and long-term trading strategies. Revenue from derivatives trading and clearing was CAD 71.4 million, up 1% from the first six months of 2020, including a 3% increase in revenue from MX and CDCC. Overall MX volumes increased 12% when compared with the first half of last year, but revenue growth was somewhat offset by a lower revenue per contract due to an unfavorable product mix. Within the overall growth in volumes, we are encouraged by the keen investor interest we are seeing in specific products, including Single Share Futures with average daily volumes up 32% over the first six months of last year, a 23% growth in equity and ETF options, and 8% volume increase in the interest rate derivatives. Overall open interest at June 30th, 2021, was also up 23% from last year. Looking forward, MX's 30-year new Government of Canada futures contract, or LGB contract, is on track to launch by year-end. Together with the recently launched CGZ, our two-year Government of Canada contract, the LGB will complete MX's client-driven initiative to create liquidity points along the entirety of Canada's listed yield curve. The next phase of MX Extended Hours initiative remains on track as well as we prepare for the launch of trading on Asian hours in the second half of this year. In closing, as we move into the back half of 2021 and continue to adapt to evolving conditions in our operating environment and in just about every facet of life, I want to clearly reaffirm TMX's commitment to serving clients across our business, throughout our market ecosystem, and around the world with excellence. We have recently taken on some important steps to enable TMX to fulfill that commitment today and long into the future. Earlier this year, we embarked on an enterprise-wide exercise to define the high-performing culture we want TMX to be known for, with a new purpose statement and values to guide us in the way we do business with both our stakeholders and each other. As part of that process, we gathered input from employees across all levels, locations, and businesses, and brought together senior leaders to work through the insights and engage in an open and productive conversation about how to realize our potential and fuel the future success of TMX. We're excited to introduce our new purpose statement and values that will serve to shape the high-performing culture we want to continue to build together. Our purpose is very clear. We make markets better and empower bold ideas. It's a rallying cry from all of us here at TMX. It's foundational to our business strategy, it's intrinsic to who we are. Our values are focused on what matters in how we deliver. Client Centricity, we put clients at the heart of everything we do. Courage, we act with courage to be bold and to innovate. Trust, we operate with unyielding respect and integrity, fostering inclusiveness and belonging. Now, enacting a culture shift doesn't happen overnight. It is a journey, what I find most encouraging as we move forward in this journey is the pride and dedication TMX employees bring to their roles every day. These core attributes are key contributing factors to our success today and crucial to ensuring TMX's success into the future. With that, let me turn the call over to David. Thank you very much, John, for the kind introduction and warm welcome. I'm very excited to be part of the team. Over the last couple of months, I've had the opportunity to work with such a talented and diverse team here at the TMX. Over the next couple of months, I look forward to meeting and getting to know those analysts and investors I've not yet had the chance to meet. Turning now to our financial results. Q2 2021 was a very strong quarter, with double-digit revenue and earnings per share growth. There were revenue increases from capital formation, derivatives trading and clearing, global solutions, insights and analytics, or GSIA, and CDS, partially offset by lower equities and fixed income trading revenue. Operating expenses were down 6% over Q2 2020, mainly driven by approximately CAD 12 million of net litigation settlement costs in Q2 of last year. Our adjusted EBITDA margin increased to 63% for Q2 2021. Diluted earnings per share grew 15%, reflecting the higher revenue and lower expenses, and included a CAD 19.8 million increase in Q2 2021 income tax expense relating to a change in the future U.K. corporate income tax rate. Our adjusted diluted earnings per share increased by 25% in the quarter. Our share of net income from BOX in Q2 '21 increased by approximately CAD 5.9 million, reflecting higher BOX revenue, driven by a 140% increase in volumes compared to Q2 2020. The revenue growth in capital formation was primarily driven by higher additional listing fee revenue on both TSX and TSX Venture in Q2 2021, relating to both an increase in the number of financings and the total financing dollars raised. The increase on TSX reflected a 66% increase in the number of transactions billed at the maximum listing fee of CAD 250,000, as well as a 19% increase in the number of transactions billed below the maximum fee. Sustaining listing fees also increased in Q2, reflecting an increase in the market capitalization of issuers at December 31, 2020, as well as an increase in new listings in the first half of 2021. We now estimate that the increase in sustaining listing fee revenue will be approximately CAD 7 million for 2021, up from the previous estimate of approximately CAD 5 million. There were also increased revenues from TSX Trust and initial listing fees in Q2 2021 compared to last year. Derivatives trading and clearing revenue grew by 13% from Q2 2020 to Q2 2021. While volumes on MX were up 24% compared to last year, there was lower revenue per contract reflecting an unfavorable client mix. There was a decrease of approximately CAD 600,000 in revenue, mainly relating to our agreement to provide transitional services to BOX, which ended in Q2 of last year. Revenue in our GSIA segment was up 4% over Q2 2020, with increases from both Trayport and our traditional data business. Revenue from Trayport was up 9% in Canadian dollars or 8% in sterling. The increase was driven by a 9% growth in total subscribers in Q2 2021 compared with Q2 2020. Revenue in our traditional data business was up 1%, driven by increases in both professional and non-professional subscribers, usage-based quotes, co-location, benchmarks, and indices. The average number of professional market data subscriptions for TSX and TSX Venture products grew by 6% in Q2 2021 compared with last year, and MX subscriptions were up 6%. The higher revenue was mostly offset by an unfavorable impact of approximately CAD 2.8 million from a stronger Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar over Q2 2020. Revenue from CDS was up 13% in Q2 2021, reflecting a higher issuer services, depository, settlement, and international revenue, as well as higher revenues for Account Transfer Online Notification. The revenue increases were partially offset by equities and fixed income trading revenue, which decreased 15% in Q2 2021 compared with Q2 2020. The decrease was driven by a 12% decline in the overall volumes of securities traded on our equities marketplaces. Trading volumes on TSX securities decreased by 26% in the quarter, while volumes on TSX Venture Exchange and TSX Alpha Exchange increased by 18% and 5% respectively. There was also a decrease in fixed income trading revenue, reflecting lower activity in swaps and Government of Canada bonds in Q2 2021. These decreases were partially offset by higher yields on all our equities marketplaces in Q2 2021 compared with Q2 2020. As I mentioned earlier, operating expenses in Q2 2021 decreased by 6% compared to Q2 last year. The lower expenses were mainly driven by the net litigation settlement costs of CAD 12.4 million included in SG&A costs in Q2 2020. There was also a CAD 1.8 million decrease in expenses in Q2 2021, largely relating to a release of a provision for restoration costs for our data center. These decreases in expenses were partially offset by higher headcount and payroll costs, higher software licensing and maintenance costs, as well as higher consulting and director fees in Q2 2021 compared with Q2 of last year. Turning now to sequential results. Sequentially, revenue decreased CAD 7 million, or 3%, from Q1 2021 to Q2 2021, primarily attributable to lower revenue in equities and fixed income trading and derivatives trading and clearing, partially offset by higher revenue in capital formation. Operating expenses decreased CAD 7.2 million, or 6%, from Q1 2021, reflecting lower short-term employee performance plan and sales commission costs of CAD 3.3 million, lower payroll costs of CAD 3.1 million, and lower long-term performance incentive plan costs of CAD 1.6 million. In addition, there was a CAD 1.8 million decrease in operating expenses, largely relating to the release of a provision for restoration costs for our data center in Q2 2021, which I mentioned earlier. These decreases were partially offset by higher director fees, increased software license and maintenance costs, and higher bad debt expense from Q1 2021 to Q2 2021. Turning now to our balance sheet. In Q2 2021, we spent CAD 18.6 million, repurchasing 140,000 of our common shares under our Normal Course Issuer Bid. Our debt and adjusted EBITDA ratio was 1.8x at the end of the quarter. We also held just over CAD 419 million in cash and marketable securities at the end of the quarter, which was about CAD 250 million in excess of CAD 165 million we target to retain for regulatory and credit facility purposes. Yesterday, our board approved a quarterly dividend of CAD 0.77 per common share, payable on September 3rd to shareholders of record as of August 20th. At 41% of our adjusted EPS, this is consistent with our target payout ratio of 40%-50%. Now I'd like to turn the call back to Paul. Thanks, David. Operator, could you please outline the process for the question and answer session? Your first question comes from Nik Priebe with CIBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead. Okay, thanks. The earnings contribution from equity accounted investees has been a tailwind for the past few quarters. It looks like that relates to BOX. Might be helpful if you could give some insight on your outlook for how that line item might travel over the next 12 months or so. I'm just trying to get a sense of whether that contribution might be sustainable. Thanks, Nik. It's David Arnold here. You are correct. That is our investment in BOX. For those not familiar, it's the Boston Options Exchange. I think the performance over there is really market-driven. One needs to pay close attention to the options trading statistics in the U.S., and that's publicly available information. We do look closely at that, Nik, to try and project and model out where the earnings might land. That's the first place that I would guide you towards. The second thing that I would mention, though, is that in Q4 last year, you'll recall we had a lumpy adjustment for incentive compensation true-ups at BOX. That was a bit of a surprise to us, so we accounted for that. We're working with them to make sure that those kinds of surprises don't come in future quarters. I would expect a minor adjustment for that in Q3, and then hopefully things just stabilize, purely driven by market characteristics. Okay, that's helpful. My second question is just on revenue per contract at MX. It was lowered in Q2, and I think you cited product mix for the in-quarter impact, but I'm looking at that ratio over a longer period of time, and it looks like it's been declining for over one year, maybe two years. Is there anything else impacting the revenue capture at MX, or has that strictly been a product of mix changes over time? It's been a product mix over time. It continues as we launch products and create liquidity and enable us to market those products. There are various incentives, which do obviously impact the revenue per contract, as you know, Nik. I don't know, John, if you want to add any additional color. The two pieces I'll add, Nik. If you think about performance, even just over the years so far, and as it compares, where we've seen the largest growth is on things like single stock futures year-over-year, equity options year-over-year. Those are lower revenue per contract products. As David said, as we then launch in new futures products like the five-year, when we do the 30-year, the two-year we did last year, we do bring to the market with a richer incentive program to bring liquidity onto them. As those products grow, it does have that impact on that mix on RPC. Over the long term, those products, those promotions, they will run off, and those prices will normalize as those products get stabilized, they have ongoing liquidity, and they can be then run like we run the CGB, the 10-year bond program today. In some cases it's mix, and in some cases it's around the incentives that are temporary to help the products get going. Understood. Okay, thanks for taking my questions. Thanks, Nik. Thank you. Your next question comes from Étienne Ricard with BMO Capital Markets. Étienne, please go ahead. Thank you, and good morning. Good morning, Étienne. To start on derivatives, volumes have been trending favorably in the first half, and it's great to see TMX planning to relaunch the 30-year and as well as the upcoming expansion into Asia. Based on your experience launching new products in recent years, what sort of volume benefit are you expecting from these initiatives? Yeah. When you think about the launch of the 30-year, what we'd guide towards is look at the performance we've seen in the five-year product, which we launched about two years ago, in terms of how that built liquidity. Look at also the performance in the two-year product, which we quickly built into over 10,000 contracts a day. Those are good guideposts to see kind of what we expect for the 30-year. There is going to be some waiting to see how the products interact with each other in the marketplace, because remember, the theory around these is about building out that full yield curve so that people can trade at all different points of the Canadian yield curve. That'll also enable trading strategies across, where people may go short on one period and long on others. How the products interact, that will still be what we will look to tell. I would use those earlier products as the guidepost. With respect to Asia, if you look at our success on the European time zone, 5%-6% of our trade flow going through that time zone trade. The Asian market has the potential to be even more impactful because we are bringing in net new traders that aren't there already. Where Europeans, we had some of those that were already familiar with our marketplace. When you benchmark, other international organizations have done this already. They see, in terms of full global trading, anywhere from 15%-30% of their flow coming from those off-market trading hours. We're, as I said, at 6% today with just Europe. That should give you an indication of where we're targeting for the upside. Okay, great. From a macro backdrop, with bond yields coming down in recent weeks, how do you expect interest rate derivative volumes to trend over the foreseeable future? That's always such a tough question because there's a lot of magic eight ball in that question. Where we do see things is, and this is the importance of yield curve again, is yields can be different at different points. Having that product breadth, you can have products that are going to be active to different market conditions. We do see potential across the curve. The other piece I always want to keep reminding folks of is that coming out of COVID-19, both the good and the bad, is that we are going to be seeing more long bond issuance over the long term. Governments raising a lot of debt to pay for the programs means we are going to see a substantial increase in the underlying cash market, and that supports growth in the derivatives market as well. That's something to keep in mind in terms of the long-term growth potential. All right. From an industry perspective, increasing talk around payment for order flow in the United States. On this topic, could you remind us of competitive dynamics on the trading of inter-listed securities and what percentage of TMX volumes do they represent? Yeah. Paul, I'm going to look to Paul to help me in terms of where we are in terms of kind of cross-border market share. It hasn't been materially different over the last number of years. Paul, do you want to comment on that quickly? No. Talk payment for order flow. Yeah, it's been around the 30% range sort of for several years, our share in inter-listeds. Yeah. The piece I'll add is Canada has not had a payment for order flow regime. I think you've got better market integrity and a better market structure that way. Anything in the U.S. that would tighten the rules around payment for order flow can only be a net benefit to us, because in a lot of cases, we actually have better execution quality on those inter-listeds in Canada, but the flow doesn't come northbound because of that payment order flow regime. I'm not saying that it is definitely a plus for us, but it's not a downside if the U.S. reforms that regime. Great. Thank you for your comments. Thank you. Your next question comes from Brian Bedell with Deutsche Bank. Brian, please go ahead. Great. Thanks. Good morning, folks. Maybe, John, if I can ask you about your view of both retail and capital formation coming into the second half. We are seeing a slowdown in retail trading activity typical for summer months. I know you thought that it was going to be a little bit more durable in Canada than the U.S., and of course it is definitely episodic even in the U.S. If you can talk about how you see that forming in retail in the second half in Canada, and also the capital formation, of course, has continued to show really strong momentum. Maybe if you can differentiate what you're seeing for innovative companies looking to raise capital and list and convert from the venture to the senior exchange, the outlook for that continuing in the second half. It's a great question. Starting with the early part of your question around the retail participation equity trading, the highlight from where you started is exactly right. Certainly in the second quarter, we have seen some pullback from the peaks that we had in the first quarter. The flip side of that is the actual retail participation, the overall volumes, we're still actually trending at a level that's substantially above where we were pre-pandemic. That condition for retail participation remains strong. I think if you look at quarter two versus quarter two of 2019, if we went back two years to go pre-pandemic, we're up about 37% across the markets. On the markets that we have that are more retail oriented, like TSX Venture and Alpha, they're up 60%-80%. That engagement is still really strong, and part of that is the engagement with the strong valuations. There is good liquidity. That ties into the second piece of your question around the continued conditions for strong equity capital raising. That is why we continue to see such strong raising from so many companies coming to market. You have got the gist of it from my comments at the beginning. We have been at about CAD 35 billion in the first half of this year, of which CAD 15 billion of that was tech and innovation companies. That is a huge piece of the mix. Interestingly enough, it is still broad based, so you have got mining, industrials, financials as well that are making it up. In terms of outlook, and part of our outlook goes to what the file load is for the folks that are working on this every day, and they are still running all out. It actually is a testament to the people in our Capital Formation Group in terms of how hard they're working and doing it all remotely. They are still seeing a deep pipeline of new issues come to market. It hasn't slowed down through the summer at all. We anticipated that it might just because the folks that work the industry may be tired, but it hasn't slowed down at all, and that pipeline remains really strong. Obviously, Brian, I can't predict to you how long it'll last, only that the pipeline remains very full. Yeah, no, that's good color. It's impressive. Maybe just quickly on the ESG services that you've been offering to your listed issuers as they look to improve their disclosure and accounting for ESG. Can you just talk about how that's going? Are you seeing a very large surge in demand for that? Is that something I know it's really part of the listing overall value proposition, but is that something that you think you can begin charging for at some point? Well, with respect to what we're doing for the issuers, I'd say at this stage, and it is still early stage, what we're seeing is strong interest. The work now in terms of the marketing efforts between ourselves and IHS Markit, who's our partner in delivering the ESG reporting portal, is now going to convert that into usage. I think we just launched this in May, it's still early days in terms of that rollout and the marketing of the product. I do see that one, Brian, as being part of the core service we provide to issuers. They pay a premium to be on our markets. This is part of the way that we help make that relationship more sticky, provide more value, and also make it easier for more companies to go public so that ESG reporting isn't an additional challenge or burden for them. I do see it in that piece that's more about enabling more companies to go public, a larger issuer base in the market versus pricing for that service. The long-term question will be, as you build more companies into it and we capture more data, is there a valuable market data opportunity that comes out of it? That's yet to be seen, but that's where we would see more of the commercialization opportunity. Great. That's great color. Thank you. Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, as a reminder, if you have any questions, please press star one. With that, we have a follow question from Rasib Bhanji with TD Securities. Please go ahead. Thank you. Good morning. Good morning. Nice to speak to you. Yeah, likewise. My first question was on the increase in CDS revenue, increase of 13% year-over-year. I'm curious as to what drove the increase when overall equity trading volumes were down 12% versus last year. There's a combination in CDS. It's not just the equity trading piece, you remember. There's also the fixed income trading, the trade for trade activity. Overall, transaction or trades is what drives the trading, the clearing revenue within CDS, and that actually continues to be up year-over-year. Okay. That makes sense. Rasib, it's David. One of the other ones is our Account Transfer Online Notification did generate more revenue in this quarter. We refer to it internally as the ATON. Okay. Got it. My second question was just on Boston Options Exchange. I understand in the past you had flagged that investment as a non-core investment. I'm just wondering if there then, given the strong revenue uptick over there, is that still the case or any update on your direction with that investment? Yeah, it's a great question. I would never say that it's non-core. We're not an active manager of the business. We operate in there from a governance standpoint and a leadership standpoint. We're not the control party in it. It is a good investment. What you've seen is, as David said, Box being able to take advantage of that strong uptick in U.S. options activity. They've also benefited from increasing market share. Beyond just the market improving, they've moved from, I think, three and change in market share to almost five. The team there is performing really well. We like what they're doing, and we'll continue to explore in the near term what more we can do with them. That's the way I would think about it. I wouldn't say that it's non-core. It's something that has been more of a passive investment for us, but we are looking at the performance of it and seeing what more we can do with them. Okay. Understood. Just my last question was on the refined oil product on Trayport. I think you mentioned that last quarter you had signed on one global broker-dealer, and this quarter you mentioned there are 11 brokers using the product. Is it correct to say that you signed on 10 more brokers during this quarter? If you can also provide any more color on the new brokers you signed on this quarter in terms of are they global clients? Are they specific to one geography? Or any sort of color would be appreciated. Yeah, I actually think we're talking apples and oranges between this period and the last. It's one large brokerage house, and we're talking too in terms of actually the number of actual broker subscribers that are using it. We are still early days. It's still primarily one large partner on it. They are global in nature, so we are looking at refined oil from multiple geographies with them, and we will be looking to bring on more broker partners onto it as we go, as well as additional trader partners. That's still early days in terms of building that liquidity on screen. Understood. Thank you for your time. Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. Mr. Malcolmson, you may proceed. Thank you everyone very much for listening today. If you have any further questions, the contact information for media as well as for investor relations is in our press release, and we'd be happy to get back to you. Everyone please stay safe and have a great day. Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes your conference call for today. We thank you for participating and ask that you please disconnect your line.