Good afternoon and good morning to everyone. Welcome to the Nestlé 9-month 2021 Sales webcast. I'm Luca Borlini, Head of Nestlé's Investor Relations. Today, I'm joined by our Chief Executive Officer, Mark Schneider, and our Chief Financial Officer, François Roger. Mark will begin with our key messages and discuss the full year 2021 guidance. François will follow with a review of the 9-month 2021 sales figures. We will open the lines for your questions. Before we begin, please take note of our disclaimer. Now I hand over to Mark. Thank you, Luca, and a warm welcome to our conference call participants today. As always, we appreciate your interest in our company. We are pleased to report another quarter of exceptionally strong organic sales growth. As you know, we also had a strong comparable quarter last year, when we posted an organic sales growth rate of 4.9%. It was no small feat to get to 6.5% in Q3 this year. As you can see from the slide, our year-to-date organic sales growth is 7.6%. As in previous quarters, growth was broad-based across most geographies and categories which is reassuring. The only real exception was our infant nutrition business, which suffers from globally reduced birth rates in the context of the COVID pandemic and a strong sales decline in China. I can assure you that we're working hard to fix our issues in China and find new growth opportunities globally for this key category of Nestlé. We completed the acquisition of core brands of The Bountiful Company in line with our schedule and are very pleased with the company's performance and our progress with regards to integrating this business. Interest in personal health, in particular in boosting the immune system, continues to be high as we're entering the second Northern Hemisphere winter of the COVID pandemic. I would also like to comment on last week's announcement regarding Nestlé's future organizational structure. Local relevance in everything we do and staying close to local consumers around the world has long been a hallmark of Nestlé. We're now taking this approach to the next level and fully reflect the importance of our two largest global markets, North America and China, in our geographic zone structure. In doing so, we will sharpen the geographic focus of all five of our zones and increase agility in a fast-moving consumer environment. The new structure has broad support inside our company and with our executive leadership team. It will be effective January 1st, 2022. Under the business as a force for good section this quarter, we're focusing on our actions to promote regenerative agriculture. This initiative is a direct follow-on from our Net Zero Carbon Roadmap published last December. The roadmap made it clear that for a food and beverage company like ours, the key challenge on the road to net zero lies in our agricultural supply chain. This is where about two-thirds of our greenhouse gas emissions lie, and so this deserves our full attention. The move towards regenerative agriculture requires patient effort on the ground around the world in order to find local solutions that work for a specific environment and agricultural product. In our approach to this, we are firmly committed to the notion of what we call a just transition. It will not be sufficient to just raise the environmental specifications of the commodities we buy. This will be unfair to many farmers who do not have the know-how or the resources to comply. We provide first-hand technical assistance and help to arrange financial support. While there are many benefits related to regenerative agriculture, the concept of restoring soil health stands out. Improved soil health stores more carbon in the ground, improves water retention and water management, and supports biodiversity. In this context, ahead of COP26 in Glasgow next month, I would like to comment on the development of our greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing them is no longer just a future plan for us. It is a reality, and I'm proud to say that we have left peak carbon behind us. Since 2019, our greenhouse gas emissions are decreasing, even though Nestlé keeps growing. We are on our decline path down and fully on track for our first intermediate target, a 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2025. Before handing it over to François, I would like to comment on our updated guidance. We are now expecting organic sales growth for the full year in the range of 6% to 7%. This reflects the strong performance in the third quarter and our continued good prospects for the remainder of the year. We leave all other guidance aspect unchanged. It will be tempting for some to translate the higher sales growth expectations into higher expectations for our underlying trading operating profit margin. I would like to caution against that in the current cost inflation environment, where input costs are rising faster than we can roll forward through pricing. As you know, we have consistently cautioned on this aspect as from our Q1 conference call in April. The situation has not improved. If anything, we're seeing further downsides compared to what we told you in the summer. With this, let me hand it over to François. Thank you, Mark. Good morning, good afternoon to all. Let me start with the highlight for the nine months of 2021. Organic growth was 7.6%, RIG was strong at 6% with increased contribution from volume and solid mix. Pricing increased to 1.6%. Acquisitions net of divested shares reduced sales by 3.3%, largely related to the divestment of the Nestlé Waters brands in North America, Yinlu peanut milk and canned rice porridge businesses in China, as well as the Herta charcuterie business. The negative impact on sales from foreign exchange moderated to 2%, turning positive in the third quarter. Total reported sales for the nine months were CHF 63.3 billion, a 2.2% increase versus last year on a reported basis. Overall, the strong growth in the nine months was driven by three key factors. Continued momentum in retail sales with a steady recovery in out-of-home channels, increased pricing for a fourth consecutive quarter reflecting input cost inflation, further market share gains across most categories. The latest available data show that we were gaining or holding share in more than 60% of business sales. These slides illustrate the development of our sales by geography and includes both our zones as well as our globally managed businesses. Organic growth was strong in all geographies. Pricing improved, particularly in the Americas and EMENA, while RIG remained strong. The increase in pricing reflects our ability to offset input cost increases and currency appreciation, supported by the strength of our brands, product differentiation and leading market positions. Growth was balanced with strong contributions from developed and emerging markets. Organic growth in developed markets increased to 7.1%, reflecting positive contribution from all regions and a significant increase in pricing, particularly for North America. Growth in emerging markets was 8.3%, with strong contribution from Brazil, India, Russia and Mexico. Let's now look at the breakdown of sales by channel. Organic growth for retail sales was 6.6%, with a mid-single digit rate in the third quarter following a high base of comparison in 2020. Within retail, e-commerce saw sustained growth of 17.2%. E-commerce now accounts for 14.1% of total sales. Most categories saw strong momentum in e-commerce, particularly coffee, Purina PetCare and culinary. Sales growth in out-of-home channels reached 22.8%, helped by a low base of comparison last year and the further easing of movement restrictions in some geographies. The level of sales remained below 2019. We confirm that the impact from input cost inflation is expected to be around 4% of Cost of Goods Sold for the full year 2021. However, one thing that we would draw your attention to is a rise in energy and freight cost. If anything, the situation has therefore slightly worsened versus July. We continue to proactively address these inflationary pressures and have steadily increased prices over the last four quarters, with pricing accelerating to 2.1% in the third quarter. In the nine months, pricing reached 1.6%, a level that we have not seen for the last six years. We expect to progressively increase pricing in a responsible manner over the remainder of 2021 and 2022, with different trends by geography and category. Beyond pricing, we continue to strengthen the development of affordable offerings, particularly those that meet nutritional needs in emerging markets. These efforts help to soften the effect of inflation for those most impacted. In addition, we are using other levers, such as product mix, disciplined cost management, and the further rollout of strategic revenue management tools. We have also benefited from increased centralized procurement. Let's now look at the results of our five operating segments, beginning with Zone AMS, where we saw high single-digit growth with a high base of comparison in 2020. Sales were CHF 24.6 billion with organic growth at 8.4%, based on robust RIG of 5.2% and a further increase in pricing to 3.2%. Pricing was 5% in the third quarter. Growth was supported by continued innovation, strong momentum in e-commerce and a further recovery in out-of-home channels. The zone also saw continued broad-based market share gains led by coffee, pet food and dairy. North America grew at a mid-single digit rate in the context of significant supply chain constraints. The largest contributors to growth were Purina PetCare and Nestlé Professional. Growth in Purina PetCare was driven by science-based premium brands, Purina Pro Plan, Fancy Feast, and Purina ONE. Sales in frozen and chilled food grew at a mid-single digit rate with strong sales development for Stouffer's, Lean Cuisine, Freshly, and Hot Pockets, partially offset by a sales decrease in pizza following a high base of comparison in 2020. The beverages category, including Starbucks at Home products, Coffee mate, and Nescafé, posted mid-single digit growth. Sales in water grew at a mid-single digit rate with double digit growth in the third quarter, driven by strong sales development for Essentia. Following increased consumer demand, Essentia introduced a large format of its ionized alkaline water. Latin America posted double-digit growth with broad-based contributions across geographies and most categories, led by Mexico, Brazil, and Chile. By product categories, the largest contributor to growth was Purina PetCare, with strong sales developments across all brands, markets, and channels. Sales in confectionery, coffee, and Nestlé Professional all grew at a strong double-digit rate. Infant nutrition saw mid-single-digit growth accelerating to a high-single-digit rate in the third quarter, based on robust demand for new premium and functional products. Shifting to Zone EMENA, sales were CHF 15.5 billion. Organic growth was 7.2% based on strong RIG, supported by both volume and mix. Pricing increased to 0.8% with Western Europe turning positive in the third quarter. Growth was driven by successful innovation and continued strong momentum in e-commerce and specialist channels. The zone continued to see broad-based market share gains, particularly for pet food, coffee, plant-based products, and infant nutrition. Each market posted positive growth with strong sales development in Russia, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and Italy. The key growth drivers continued to be Purina PetCare and coffee, supported by continued innovation across all brands. In pet care, new business models, including Tails.com and Lily's Kitchen, all saw strong double-digit growth. Nestlé Professional reported double-digit growth. Sales in water grew at a mid-single-digit rate despite unfavorable weather condition in Central Europe in the third quarter. Sales in confectionery grew at a mid-single-digit rate with double-digit growth for premium brand such as Les Recettes de l'Atelier. Culinary saw low-single-digit growth. Strong demand for Garden Gourmet and Mindful Chef was partially offset by slightly negative growth in cooking aids and pizza following elevated demand in 2020. Nestlé also introduced Mezeast, a new Middle Eastern cuisine food brand. Infant nutrition posted slightly negative growth due to lower birth rate in the context of the pandemic, saw high single-digit growth in the third quarter with continued market share gains. Moving next to Zone AOA, with sales of CHF 15.2 billion. Organic growth was 4.1%, reflecting a difficult environment still impacted by regional lockdowns. Growth turned slightly negative in the third quarter following a sales decline in infant nutrition in China on a high base of comparison in 2020. Most categories gained market share, led by coffee, culinary, and pet food. China posted low single-digit growth, e xcluding infant nutrition, China saw double-digit growth, driven by Nestlé Professional, coffee, culinary, dairy, and Purina. Infant nutrition posted a sales decline impacted by challenging market conditions. Turnaround initiatives continue to progress, with further actions being implemented, including a review of our portfolio and distribution strategy. Outside of China infant nutrition, the zone reported high single-digit growth. South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Japan, and Korea all saw strong sales developments. Southeast Asia continued to be impacted by movement restrictions and regional lockdowns. By product category, the key growth drivers were culinary, coffee, and Nestlé Professional. Sales in confectionery and ice cream grew at a high single-digit rate. Dairy reported mid-single-digit growth led by strong demands for fortified milks. Infant nutrition saw a sales decline, with growth turning positive outside of China in the third quarter, supported by strong sales development in South Asia and Africa. Next is Nespresso, which saw sales of CHF 4.7 billion. Organic growth reached 11%, based on strong RIG of 10.4% and pricing of 0.6%. Growth was mid-single digit in the third quarter due to a high base of comparison in 2020. The Vertuo system continued to drive growth with the Original system also contributing positively. Increased consumer adoption and innovation supported growth. Nespresso expanded coffee offerings across the Vertuo system, including Peru Organic. Nespresso also added Novecento and Millennio to the Italian Heritage range for the Original system. Chiara Ferragni's summer collection and social media campaign resonated strongly with consumers. By channel, boutiques and out-of-home channels saw a further recovery with continued positive sales development in e-commerce. By geography, the Americas and AOA all grew at a double digit rate. EMEA saw high single digit growth. Overall, Nespresso gained market share with contribution from most markets. Finishing with Nestlé Health Science, which reported sales of CHF 3.2 billion. The business grew at a double-digit rate, building on a strong sales development in 2020. Vitamin, minerals, and supplements that support health and the immune system continue to see strong demands with broad-based market share gains across channels and markets. Growth was supported by e-commerce momentum, new product launches, geographic expansion, and strong supply chain execution. Consumer care posted double-digit growth with strong contribution from Vital Proteins, Garden of Life, Persona, and Pure Encapsulations. Healthy aging products such as BOOST, Meritene, and Nutren also saw robust growth. The newly acquired core brands of The Bountiful Company, in particular Nature's Bounty and Solgar, posted strong double-digit growth. Non-functional hydration products also grew at a strong double-digit rate. Medical nutrition saw mid-single-digit growth with robust demand for Compleat, a comprehensive nutritional tube-feeding formula, and pediatric care products such as Althéra, Alfaré, and Alfamino. By geography, the Americas, EMENA, and AOA all posted double-digit growth. Looking now at product categories, we saw strong growth in all segments, with the exception of infant nutrition. Most categories saw market share gains, with particular strengths in coffee, pet food, and Nestlé Health Science. Within powdered and liquid beverages, coffee grew by more than 10%, supported by Nescafé, Nespresso, and Starbucks products. Growth was supported by new product launches across all brands. Sales of Starbucks products grew by 15.5% to reach CHF 2.2 billion across 79 markets. Cocoa and malt beverages grew at mid-single-digit rate with particular strengths for ready-to-drink formats. Pet care continued to see very strong growth globally. Most segments and geographies grew at a double-digit rate with market share gains. Purina's performance was driven by continued strong demand for premium products, supported by successful innovation and momentum across all channels. Nutrition and Health Science grew at 0.8%. Organic growth in infant nutrition was -5.2%, reflecting a sales decrease in China and a slowdown in birthrate across geographies in the context of the pandemic. Outside of China, growth was positive in the third quarter, and we continue to gain market share led by human milk oligosaccharides and functional formula products. We have already discussed Nestlé Health Science. Growth was 7.5% for prepared dishes and cooking aid. Ambient culinary grew at a high single-digit rate, supported by Maggi. Chilled culinary reported double-digit growth fueled by the recently acquired D2C businesses Freshly and Mindful Chef. Frozen saw mid-single-digit growth. Vegetarian and plant-based food products continue to deliver double-digit growth led by Garden Gourmet. In early October, we expanded the Garden Gourmet range with the launches of vEGGie, a plant-based alternative to eggs, and Vrimp, a plant-based seafood offering. Milk products and ice cream grew at 6.4%. The key growth driver were fortified milks, coffee creamers, and ice cream. Waters grew 4.3%, helped by a recovery in out-of-home channels and with strong contribution from North America and emerging markets in the third quarter. Growth in confectionery reached 9.5%, reflecting a further recovery in impulse on gifting products. Let me now hand over to Luca for the Q&A. Thank you, François. With that, we move to the Q&A session. We open the lines for questions from financial analysts. Please note to limit yourself to no more than two questions. The first question is from Guillaume Delmas at UBS. Please go ahead, Guillaume. Thank you, Luca. Good afternoon, Mark and François. My first question is on your margin guidance of around 17.5%, because back in July, you were indicating that this guidance was cautious and conservative. Today, you are reiterating this guidance, but in light of the last three months development in commodity packaging, transportation costs, do you still view this guidance as being conservative? Then my second question is on pricing. We clearly saw a sequential step-up in the third quarter, but could you shed more light on the percentage of your portfolio where you took some pricing at the end of Q3, and where do you expect to be by the end of this year? Also, if I can add on my pricing question, despite your very strong RIG performance in Q3, can I ask if you've seen some instances where pricing had a knock-on impact on your volumes? Thank you. Guillaume, this is Mark. Thanks for your questions. I'll take a first crack at them and then hand over to François. I guess on the margin guidance, as you know, being conservative and cautious is one of our hallmarks, so that is not changing. What you're seeing here following the presentation from François and mine, there are some pluses and minuses. Of course, if you are aiming to post an organic sales growth rate that is basically a 1 percentage point higher than guided in the summer, that also has some operating efficiencies stemming from it. There's puts and takes, and by large, we still feel comfortable with that guidance range of around 17.5%. François. Good afternoon, Guillaume. On the question on pricing, it's difficult to say what is the percentage of our products to which we apply pricing. You can see that pricing has been increasing sequentially. You can expect, by the way, since you were asking about the outlook in terms of pricing without providing guidance, you can expect that pricing will ramp up further in Q4 and next year as well, because we do expect to have a higher input cost inflation next year in 2022. It's difficult to look at it as a percentage of our sales. It's more related to the specific categories that have been hit by input cost inflation. If you look at it this year in 2021, it's much more about, for example, dairy or pet care. This is where we really started to put through some pricing. As far as coffee is concerned, we did less so far, but we can expect that we will have more pricing on coffee next year, because this is really when we will start feeling the pressure on input cost inflation by category. As far as volume and elasticity, you can see that still we have a strong RIG, which is largely led by volume as well, as we have a positive contribution from mix. Volume remains very positive and very attractive. Part of it is linked to some tailwind that we had in the context of the pandemic, with higher consumption at home. We see the volume growth slowing down a little bit as we progress over time but remaining still very attractive. Is it linked to pricing? There is no evidence of it. We believe that it is more linked to the exit of the pandemic to a large extent, and the fact that we have a little bit, maybe less consumption at home and more consumption out of home but there is no direct link for the time being with pricing. Next question is from Warren Ackerman at Barclays. Please go ahead, Warren. Hi, everybody. It's Warren here at Barclays. Two questions from me as well. The first one is on China infant formula. I think I heard you rightly saying you're doing a full review of the portfolio and distribution strategy. I think maybe Mark, could you maybe elaborate a little bit on the kind of options you're looking at in China? It seems to me to be one of the few remaining underperforming parts of the portfolio, and it was underperforming even before COVID. Moving to zone China, does that help on the agility to try and sort of fix the Illuma and S-26 brands? I'm just interested to know what kind of scope you're looking at in terms of that kind of review. The second one is just following on from the whole pricing margin commodity question. François, are you able to give us an early feel for what the COGS inflation might look like for 2022, given some of the hedging rolling off? I know you said 4% confirmed for 2021. How much higher do you expect it to be for 2022? Then maybe could you help us with some of the building blocks for the 2022? I know it's perhaps a little bit early and there's lots of moving parts, but for example, you've said that you'll be spending CHF 1 billion on climate change investments. Is that still a number that is valid o r what other offsets do you have going into next year, given COGS inflation is higher and presumably climate costs are also higher? Thank you. Thanks, Warren. Let me start on China. Before turning specifically to nutrition, let me comment quickly on the zone structure. As you know, Greater China will be the smallest of the five zones, and the fact that we elevated it to a zone, you should see that as a sign of complete commitment and also future optimism when it comes to the potential of that market. We are all in on China, and we will do what it takes to win there over time. We recognize that in quite a few categories, we did have some performance issue over the past decade or so. We are absolutely focused on fixing those and succeeding in that market because it has such a promise for the future. In that context, you're right, nutrition is a standout. We made no pretenses that nutrition in China was underperforming before COVID, so we're not blaming it on COVID. COVID has made it worse, not only in China, but also elsewhere. We need to dig deeper here, and we need to find a winning formula for our nutrition business in China. As we do that, we hinted at some of the levers we have in the past, like a clearer and more articulated channel strategy, top-notch innovation, and then also a stronger local offering and also increased cross-border e-commerce as an example. When it comes to some of the details we're looking at now, but I'm also asking for your understanding that I wouldn't want to go too deep into any future steps that might involve competitive signaling. I think for our shareholders, it's in our best interest here that we basically publish those moves as and when they happen. What I want to reassure you about is we will stay totally committed to this business in China. What we're doing is not a retrenchment. We're not pulling out of there. We believe that winning there is going to be essential. This is the largest and most demanding infant formula market in the world, and we are committed to being a very competitive player in that market. Warren, François speaking. Good afternoon. On the input cost inflation for 2022, I'm afraid I can't give you a figure now. The main reason is that we see still a lot of volatility, it's really moving almost by the day. What we know, though, is that it will be higher than in 2021. I would say more than the amount, what matters is the way we can mitigate it and the way we can offset it. Given the impact, the main way to offset and mitigate input cost inflation will be pricing, there are other ways as well, like strategic revenue management, like increasing our efficiency program and so forth, and we have covered, I think, part of it. Clearly, No full visibility at this stage, and we are still two and a half months before the beginning of the year. What we see though, just to give you a little bit more color, as I mentioned earlier, we see that in some areas like coffee and aluminum, for example, for packaging, we see a clear increase coming in for next year. Just since you were touching on the climate issue, we did make a commitment. Indeed, if we include the ESG at large and sustainability at large, it's about CHF 1 billion a year over the next five years, between 2021 and 2025. This is something that we want to ring-fence anyway. This is not because we see input cost inflation in commodities, packaging, transportation, and so forth, that we are going to start saving on the climate commitment and climate investment that we want to do. I would say in the same way as back into 2016, when we started to look at efficiency program, we ring-fence marketing and R&D, and I think it was very wise to do it. We can add to the list to a very large extent, climate and ESG. We have made commitments. We need to get there. That being said, we need to be efficient in managing those investments as well. This is very much what we are on the top of. Warren, let me add one aspect here on a very high level, and that is, I want to make it clear, our industry, in general, is not an industry that is, in normal times, pinched by inflation. When you are on a regular inflationary rhythm, if you roughly know what is going to be happening next, this industry can adjust and can basically maintain its financial performance. It was specifically the turning point that came out of the blue this year, and I think took the entire industry by surprise, that led to some of the compression that we described in the summer. I want to make that point just in case this inflationary cycle extends beyond 2022. On a longer-term basis, once we know what to expect, I think we can pretty much adjust to that, and in our pricing behavior and some of the other levers we have, make the best of it. It was specifically the turning point that created a challenge for this year. Okay. Next question is from Celine Pannuti at JP Morgan. Please go ahead, Celine. Yes, thank you. Good afternoon, Mark, François-Xavier, and Luca. My first question is on pricing, a subject I just talked about, but pricing was quite low in the AOA and even in Europe. I think you said it turned positive in Western Europe. I was wondering why such a slow level, especially in emerging markets in AOA, and how confident are you about the acceleration in these regions? My second question may be coming back on the guide on margins for this year. You said that the inflation is around 4%, it has not really changed. Can you say what is the impact that you see from energy and distribution costs? Am I right in understanding that you're confident about around 17.5%, but maybe a notch below that specific number? Thank you. Celine, let me start off on the pricing and then hand it to François. AOA is really, for the most part, the consequence of a number of one-off steps that we've taken in China, in nutrition there specifically. EMENA is, to most part, the consequence of our contractual relationship to retailers in Europe, where when it comes to contract dates where you can adjust pricing, you don't have the same flexibility as in some other parts of the world. Going forward, of course, we will have to take pricing there as well. We've taken some already. It doesn't go as fast as it goes in some other geographies. Good afternoon, Celine. François speaking. On the input cost inflation and pricing, indeed, we confirm the value of around 4% of cost of goods equivalent for 2021. What we see that since we talked to you in July, this has been relatively stable as far as commodities and packaging is concerned. The main reason, especially as far as the commodity is concerned, is that we had some hedging in place as well as some forward buying so this is the reason why it didn't move much. As we said, the deterioration that we saw is clearly on energy and transportation cost, and to a lesser extent, a little bit in salaries and social cost as well, but mainly on energy and transportation, which hits our P&L directly, which is the reason why we are just saying, even if we confirm the 4% of Cost of Goods Sold, we have seen some deterioration since July. I cannot quantify it. Once again, the year is not over either, so we still see some volatility, and these items are hitting the P&L straight away. Next question is from Bruno Monteyne at Bernstein. Please go ahead, Bruno. Good afternoon. The first question is on your forward-looking margin guidance. You normally talk about moderate margin improvement in coming years. Given that next year you should have the benefit of Bountiful costs that are falling out, those temporary commodity costs that you say is a temporary problem, so next year should come back when you benefit in the pricing. Am I right to think that you're still thinking next year should be a bit more than a very small moderate margin improvement? The second question is related to your sales growth guidance, typically mid-single digit. This year was an exceptionally good year, and I'm trying to gauge to what extent there's some one-offs in there. You still feel that the full mid-single digit 4% to 6% is achievable next year despite the amazingly strong year this year, or should we already factor in some sort of tough comps discussions next year? Thank you. Thanks, Bruno. Let me start off, and maybe François can also build on a few points. When it comes to the midterm margin improvement, you will see that the language we use in our guidance is very much unchanged from previous quarters and what we issued at the beginning of the year. This is our standard ambition that we're aiming for. I understand your optimism. I love your optimism, but it's also important not to get too greedy here, because I think that turning point that I described is probably also extending into at least the first half of next year. We'd really only started this spring and summer, and I think a year of an adjustment here is probably a reasonable estimate. Then from there, we have to see where pricing develops. Again, good momentum, hard work on the margin, it's important that we're not racing here to a 2022 guidance at a moment when we haven't even finished 2021 yet. On the 4% to 6%, or mid-single digit as we described it, I think in a day and age of volatility where we live, it's a good band. It's good to have that wider band compared to the old 5% to 6% of the Nestlé model. I think when it comes to next year, we're looking at the year with optimism because we still see continued good volume, we see continued good mix, and of course, as we just discussed, there will be more activity on pricing. That year-over-year fear that you have, I'm probably a bit more on the optimistic side when it comes to that. Thank you. Next question is from Patrik Schwendimann at Zürcher Kantonalbank. Please go ahead, Patrick. Yeah, thank you, Luca. Hi, Mark. Hi, François. Congrats for the outstanding results. Both the out-of-home channel and the retail channel have been very strong in the third quarter. Typically, you would expect some slowdown in the retail channel when your out-of-home is recovering. Was there some inventory build-up here before the further price increase in the retail and out-of-home channel, or do you expect a similar growth pattern in the near future? That's my first question. Second question, would you say it would be a fair assumption to say that in 2022, the price contribution to the organic growth will be higher than the RIG contribution? Thank you. Patrik, let me start on the first one and then hand it to François for the second one. The out-of-home recovery is reassuring. You're right, it's not a push-pull relationship that whatever we gain there is then taken away from the retail side of the house. I think in out-of-home, we're still not back to the levels from before the crisis, so I think there's still some upward room for improvement here. As you know, on earlier calls, we had pointed to the year 2022 as a point in time when hopefully we're reaching 2019 levels again. This is, of course, provided that we're seeing no surprises from the pandemic. I think we have reached a situation where people are returning back to traveling for business or vacation, and yet at the same time, there's also more working from home and more in-home consumption, coffee being a good example. People have adopted more pets and hence, as you know, there was sort of a one-time step-up here and now grow from a higher base when it comes to pet food for dogs and cats. I feel that there's an underlying positive that happened to the overall picture and the relationship between out-of-home and retail. You asked about people maybe buying ahead of inflation and stockpiling. We have seen no evidence of that. I think when you look at the pricing action here, it is still a reasonably moderate pricing action. Nothing that would lead now people to fill up their pantries, fill up their basement to be guarded for the future. Patrik, François speaking. Thank you. Just to answer your question on the pricing contribution next year, yes, indeed, it is a fair assumption to assume that pricing will have a stronger impact on our total organic growth. You see it already. We are at 1.6% year to date nine months, but we were already at 2.1% in Q3. Expect further higher pricing in Q4 and again next year. Indeed it will come certainly to a higher level next year. That being said, it's important to understand as well that there is a certain likelihood that volume growth will slow down while remaining positive and probably higher than what it was pre-pandemic. We are very optimistic still on volume. The volume growth slowdown is not necessarily linked to pricing. We believe that it is much more linked to the fact that we are exiting the pandemic step by step, and as a consequence of that, we are comparing against a high level of consumption, precisely for what we just discussed which is a higher level of at-home consumption, and this is probably what is going to slow down our volume growth more than the pricing. Thanks. Next question is from Jon Cox at Kepler. Hello, Jon. Yeah. Hi, guys. Yeah, congrats from my side as well. Great print for Q3, and probably reflects the amount of work you guys have been doing on the business over the last couple of years as much as COVID and the rest of it. A couple of questions from my side. Just to clarify what you were saying there, in terms of volume growth, you expect to be higher than, say, the 3% you've seen pre-pandemic. Then in addition, you expect the pricing to be, you're talking about over 2%, maybe 3%. It's quite easy then to start adding up to 5% or 6% organic sales growth next year. I'm not sure if you meant to do that. Second question, just on coffee. Looking at Nespresso, it looks like there was a slowdown in Q3, and then you talk about very strong growth elsewhere in the coffee portfolio. When I look at the prepared dishes, again, the powder drinks business, it looks like there was a slowdown in Q3. Can you just tell us what's happening in Q3? Is it just more like phasing? I know the comps were pretty tricky as well, Q3 a year ago. It seems there's actually a slowdown in coffee during the third quarter. Thank you. Jon, let me take the first question. On the volume, just to avoid any misunderstanding, we didn't give any figure of 3%. When I was referring to the pre-pandemic level, we were growing in 2018/2019 at around 1% to 1.5% by volume. We expect to be at that level or at a higher level going forward. Currently, we are running at a significantly higher rate, once again, mainly as benefiting from a tailwind from COVID on the at-home consumption. We expect some volume growth slowdown, but back to the level that we are pre-pandemic or at a higher level. On the coffee slowdown in Q3, you said it is largely linked to high comps, and we mentioned it, for example, for Nespresso. Nespresso is still in Q3 at mid-single-digit growth, which is attractive, which is where we were at the pre-pandemic level. Let's not forget that this comes on the top of a double-digit growth last year in Q3. To a large extent, this applies as well to the other brand that we have, like Nescafé. Doesn't apply to Starbucks, but which is a different story because it's relatively recent. As you know, for example, since the beginning of the year, we have been growing north of 15% as far as Starbucks is concerned. Next question is from David Hayes at Societe Generale. Hello, David. Please go ahead. Thanks, Luca. Good afternoon, also. Just a couple of questions, just digging back into the China dynamic. Obviously, as you talked about double-digit growth for China the first half down to low single digit for the nine months would suggest that China overall was down about 10%, I guess, in the third quarter. I guess the first part of the question is that correct in terms of the math? If it is down that kind of quantum, given that the rest of the business sounds pretty good apart from IMF infant formula, is infant formula down around 20% or so in the quarter? Related, if that's true, the two questions are, was that because of some resetting of the portfolio from a volume perspective, some destocking that you often get in China? I guess picking up on a comment you made earlier, Mark, I think you said there was a pricing reduction in infant formula that then contributed to the AOA. Is that a strategic move that you took, that you lowered the price point in China as part of addressing the strategic direction of that business? Thanks so much. David, let me take the question. Indeed, we have seen a slowdown in China. Once again, it is absolutely linked to the negative performance that we saw on infant nutrition, and we touched on it. It affected the pricing which we saw even for the emerging market pricing dynamics. This is essentially linked in Q3 to one-offs. We don't expect that it will happen again in Q4. Not at all linked to the fact that we reduced pricing, but this is linked to one-off, which are them related to the review that we are doing of our product portfolio and our distribution strategy as well. Once again, it will not happen in Q4. Not linked to price decreases. Next question is from John Ennis at Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead, John. Hello, everyone, and thanks for taking my question. I'll stick to one. It's on your investment plans in an inflationary environment. During historic inflation cycles, I guess when margins came under pressure in 2011, for instance, marketing was used as a partial offset to support EBIT margins by Nestlé. Then likewise reinvested when the cycle turned deflationary. I guess my question is, are you planning on doing something similar during this cycle? Is there a bigger commitment to hold or even increase investments? Any update on how those are trending would be helpful. Thank you. John, I guess my high level answer to that would be, we don't even know yet whether it's going to be a longer term inflation cycle. As you know, some of our projects take years to put into the ground when it comes to a new greenfield facility or so forth. At this point, especially given the elevated demand levels we've seen in so many categories for the past few years, getting us closer to capacity limits, it's more about assuring capacity to be able to supply, to be able to cater to all that growth and making sure that our ability to deliver is not diminished. At this point, it's not so much about financial fine-tuning. It's really in quite a few categories, we've been positively surprised by the strength of demand, by the strength of our success in the market, and so it's about really making sure that we have enough headroom that under all circumstances, we can satisfy our retail partners and our consumers. Does that hold true for? John, I think that your question was also about marketing, so maybe let me complement what Mark said. It is true that in the past, we may have had deviations in an adjustment at the end of the year in marketing investment, according to the commodity cycle. We don't have much of it now because, as you know, over the last couple of years, we consolidated our procurement activities largely above market, which mean that we have a much, much better visibility going forward on what's going to happen. As a consequence of that, we are in a better position to anticipate the impact of commodities on our P&L for the current year on even for the next year to a large extent, which means that we have far, far less adjustments, if any, today in our marketing investment. Which marketing has to be driven by innovation. It has to be driven by marketing needs, not as a variable for adjustment for procurement. We don't do much of that now. Next question is from Tom Sykes at Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead, Tom. Yeah. Good afternoon, everybody. Firstly, a couple of questions on promotions. I just wondered if you could say something on the changes in the level of promotion costs, either sequentially or year on year relative to sales. It does look like in some of the scanner data, there's a reversal of the year on year increases you saw in Q2 as we went through Q3, and I'm interested in the degree to which that may have helped organic growth. Can I just check from an accounting point of view, that that does sit within pricing and not within RIG, please? On the coffee business, could you please just remind us how much of coffee is out of home, excluding the boutiques, and the degree to which the out of home footprint has expanded, maybe due to investment that you've put in through the pandemic? Maybe what the outlook for out of home coffee growth is? I know you mentioned it a bit before, but if you could expand on that would be great. Thanks. Tom, François speaking. I will take the first part of the question on the promotional cost. The year 2021, especially when comparing to 2020, is a little bit difficult to review by quarter because we had a lot of volatility. It happened that last year in Q2, we had to hold and freeze some promotional activities during the peak of the pandemic because we could not activate in-store promotional activities. As a consequence, we caught up to a large extent because we like investing in promotional marketing, but we caught up in the latter part of the year, last year in 2020. By difference and by comparison, obviously this is creating some ups and downs this year. Once again, we like investing in marketing and promotional activities, which is the reason why this is traditionally not something that we want to cut. On what you were mentioning, the trade spend from an accounting price, the promotional activities. Some promotional activities are recorded above net new sales, which means in trade spend which means that you don't necessarily see them, and some of them, depending on their nature, are recorded in SG&A. Once again, it depends on their nature. Maybe on coffee, I assume your question was more related to Nespresso. Historically, before the pandemic, we had about 50% of the sales which were through our boutiques and 50% through our e-commerce platform. As you can understand, during the pandemic, it was even at some time, probably closer to 90% through our e-commerce platform and 10% through the boutique. Now I think it's probably back to maybe 60% through our e-commerce platform and 40% through the boutique. We have really seen the boutiques coming back. Boutiques are important as well because this is very much about consumer experience as well. We do value these outlets, and they complement each other. Tom, if you were asking also about out- of- home, you know that out of home is around 10% to 15% of coffee sales are based on out of home activities. Next question, the last one is from Andreas von Arx at Baader. Please go ahead, Andreas. Yeah, good afternoon. First question, given the input cost environment and your commitment to deliver a moderate margin improvement in 2022, I was wondering if you could comment on the restructuring spending you anticipate. Can that margin improvement be achieved with a similar level of restructuring spending, or shall we expect here a step up in restructuring spending next year? The second question is on an interview you gave in a Swiss newspaper recently on healthy food confectionery, and I assume sugar-based drinks will be a part of your portfolio going forward. You say this is a more impulse-driven product. I was wondering what would make you change that view, especially since in the same interview, you provide a picture of trendsetting young generations that seem to avoid exact same categories and that trendsetting should be what we could see in the future, i.e., there would be much less demand for these high sugar products. How does this go together? Thank you very much. Thanks, Andreas. We're trying to be helpful regarding the first part of the question, but we're not there yet when it comes to 2022 guidance. At this point, it's all eyes on landing 2021 in a highly volatile environment, as François pointed out. In that context, also wanted to clarify, there is no guidance or commitment for 2022 now to increase margins. We don't even know yet what the margin for 2021 is going to be. There is a midterm ambition that we have reiterated in our guidance text today that applies to future years. Just wanted to be clear here that our statements are not being misconstrued. Obviously, restructuring is one of several levers that we can use in order to increase operating efficiency. Where exactly that mix is going to be, we'll give you an update then as we report our full year 2021 and also provide the 2022 guidance in February. Regarding the recent interview with the Swiss newspaper you highlighted. I just wanted to be clear. When it comes to categories that are more enjoyment related and that are not per se health driven, so confectionery is a good example, we are committed to that as well, and that's no change from the past. The point I was trying to make there, of course, we try to offer best in class nutritionals there too. Rather than trying to make these foods into the next health food, I think it's more important to switch to a different dimension, and that is guidelines for responsible consumption. That could be portion size, that could be perfect transparency on the ingredients, including sugar content, and also, of course, very strict rules when it comes to marketing to children. Generally when it comes to these products, they are part of a complete diet that people keep. Even the younger generation is not only about health. I think enjoyment also is registering very high on the agenda. The ambition changes a little bit from just offering health alone to offering enjoyment in a responsible framework, if you will. Separately, you're right, in that interview, I mentioned something that I mentioned on previous speeches as well. Youth never goes out of fashion, so as you spend time in university towns around the world, you basically see what the next generation is very interested in. Getting inspired by that, to me, is no contradiction to offering products that are more enjoyment-related. So the next generation will be just as much about enjoyment as the previous one. Obviously, preferences shift. I think for us, as a food and beverage company, nutrition is one important dimension but enjoyment is another one that we're not stepping away from. Thank you. With no further questions, we come to an end of our session today. I leave it to Mark to say hello to everyone. Yeah, thanks a lot. Appreciate you staying with us here. Again, highly volatile environment and looking forward to reporting you the full year 2021 when we talk to each other in 2022. Thanks.