My name is Anna, and I'm the editor here at AW International, and I'm delighted to be introducing what we hope will be a transformative discussion that could revolutionize the way you approach energy recovery device or ERD retrofits in desalination plants. In today's world, the demands of sustainable and energy-efficient solutions has never been more critical. Desalination plants, which are known for their power-intensive processes, rely heavily on energy recovery devices like Pelton turbines to reduce energy consumption. Maximizing the efficiency of these ERDs is not just an option, it's a necessity. However, the challenge lies in achieving this efficiency without incurring exorbitant costs or disruptive changes to the overall plant layout. Moreover, the introduction of an ERD retrofit can significantly impact the operating conditions of the main feed pump, adding complexity to an already intricate process. To shed light on this crucial topic, we are honored to have Sulzer experts, Mario Alvarez and Shane Hartley, as our esteemed speakers. They will guide us through the intricacies of conducting a successful ERD retrofit while emphasizing the preservation of modularity and addressing these multifaceted challenges. Just to note that if you do have any questions throughout the presentation, please pop them in the Q&A panel, which you can find at the bottom of your screen, and we'll try our best to get through as many as we can at the end. Now that we're all here, let's dive right in. Please welcome Mario and Shane. Hi, everybody. Welcome to this webinar. My name is Mario Alvarez, and I have the pleasure to be one of your speakers today. Before moving further, let me tell you a little bit about my background. For the last few years at Sulzer, I have been responsible for the retrofit business in South Europe, Israel, and Cuba. This continues my previous experience of more than 11 years as technical solutions engineer in Sulzer, taking care of the upstream business, mainly in Nigeria, and several previous service roles as application engineer in SKF and test engineer for Spanish National Railway Company. I have the honor to share the stage with my colleague, Shane Hartley, that will brief you about his background as well. Thanks, Mario. I'm Shane Hartley. I'm the head of engineering for services for Sulzer Pumps UK Limited. I joined the company originally as a mechanical engineer apprentice back in 2008, and upon completing my apprenticeship, I joined the aftermarket team within the services division as a design engineer. Since then, I've held numerous positions within the team, working my way up through the ranks to lead engineer, upfront lead engineer, and my now current role as head of engineering. I've had extensive retrofit design and solutions experience over the years, and I hold a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering, studied through the Open University, and I'm an IMechE registered member. I'm now going to pass you back over to Mario, who's going to run through the project introductions, and I'll speak to you later on about the hydraulic and the mechanical overview of this project. Thank you, Shane. The main purpose of this webinar is to present you an interesting success case Sulzer was awarded last year. So interesting, that has recently won the Pump Industry Award for the best retrofit project in 2022. So we hope it catches your attention. Main topics that will be discussed are the following: desalination, specifically plant retrofits driven by energy savings and modularity, Sulzer state-of-the-art solution to answer any market demand, and project-specific challenges to deal with the hydraulic and manufacturing complexity. As you can see in the proposed agenda, we have structured the presentation in three main blocks. In the first one, we will try to provide some context that will serve to set the main ideas. Why do we need to desalinate the different process centered around reverse osmosis and plant overhauls, and finally, project-specific backgrounds and requirements. Once context is set up, we will detail the award-winning solution proposed and implemented by Sulzer from the different key perspectives: hydraulic, mechanical, and manufacturing. Finally, we will wrap up the presentation, providing an executive summary of the project and corresponding benefits, including energy savings. Okay, so let's start with the first part, setting up some context. Why do we need to desalinate? Short answer is freshwater scarcity, given the combination of two main factors. Freshwater availability, which is only around 2.5% of the total water on Earth. Consider that only 0.6% is suitable for human consumption. The second factor is water demand, exponentially increased over the last years and is predicted to continue growing this way in the future. Considering this situation, different technologies have been developed to desalinate, meaning the different processes that remove some amount of salt and minerals from seawater to produce freshwater suitable for human consumption, agriculture, and industrial processes. Looking at the future of water needs and the perfect storm that is brewing, we clearly identify potential problem. Water is expected to become a new commodity, if it's not already one. From one side, there are big areas, densely populated, that will require increased water supply in the next years. On the other hand, changes in the precipitation patterns are defining new areas with potential shortages. All these, together with the compounded increased water demands predicted for next years, lead us to a clear conclusion: we are going to need more fresh water in the incoming future. Now that we have provided some background of the actual and future demands and the possibility to produce fresh water by desalinating seawater, how do we do it? Several processes have been developed and implemented over the years, considering two main types, depending on the physical principles applied. Thermal processes that consist of some sort of distillation, evaporation... and membrane processes that desalinate moving fluid through a semipermeable membrane, considering our osmotic pressure. The details of each process exceeds the scope of this presentation, but finally, reverse osmosis is considered as preferred technology due to its simplicity, cost associated, and development of the different pieces of equipment involved in the process. Focuses on this reverse osmosis process as the preferred technology to produce fresh water from seawater. We-- Let's have a look in more detail. Physical principle applied is osmosis. Considering two liquids with different concentration separated by a semipermeable membrane, the fluid moves from low to high solute concentration until chemical potential equilibrium is reached. If we reverse the process by applying a pressure on the concentrated solution, we get the desired effect. Very low concentrated liquid in one side, fresh water, and very high concentrated liquid on the other, typically called brine or rejection. This pressure applied is called osmotic pressure and depends on seawater salinity, process, and other factors, being typically in the range of 50-80 bar. As previously briefed, this technology has several advantages over the others, being lower operating costs and high water quality produced, the most important ones. Having a look at the typical plant layout, the process is quite simple. We pump the seawater with the intake service pumps that feed it into the pretreatment to eliminate solids, large particles, and biofouling. Then we move it into the core of the plant, in which main feed pumps increase pressure up to the required osmotic pressure. Water goes to membranes, resulting in two different streams. The low concentrated dissolved product water will go to post-treatment and then from there to consumption, and the second stream, the high concentrated rejection, typically is used to recover some energy and has become more important over the last years due to its energy savings potential. Let's provide a little bit more insight on the reverse osmosis process. It's mainly driven by energy, being by far the highest portion of the OpEx. Considering the actual situation and in general, energy costs, specific consumption, meaning cost per cubic meter produced, has become a key indicator and one of the main focuses, both in new plants and existing ones. As mentioned in previous slide, we have a high-pressure stream coming out as a rejection from the process. So we need to find ways to use this energy to reduce the specific overconsumption of the plant and therefore to reduce energy costs and environmental impact. Over the last years, different technologies have been applied to recover energy from the process. Since reverse osmosis started to become the trend, first Francis turbines were implemented with around 6-7 EUR per cubic meter as specific consumption. There are practically no plants with this old technology anymore, which was replaced by a more efficient one, Pelton turbines, that could reach around EUR 3.5 per cubic meters as a specific consumption. More recently, the development of isobaric devices, reaching a specific consumption of around EUR 2.3-EUR 2.5 per cubic meter, have replaced the existing Pelton turbines. Taking into account what we have just commented, new developments obviously consider isobaric devices in the original specification. All plant layouts have gone through overhauling retrofit processes to adapt them to these more efficient energy recovery devices. We already described the typical old configuration. Main feed pump injects high pressure seawater into the membrane, and depending on the membrane efficiency, we get two streams: fresh water stream, around 55% of total flow handled, and rejection stream that moves above the turbine to recover part of the excess energy, either to have the possibility to use a lower power electric motor to drive the main feed pump or to use the power generated to go back to the grid. Considering the possible retrofit of old plant designs, the idea is to remove existing Pelton or old energy devices to implement typically isobaric or more efficient ones. This has an impact in the plant process. There are some modifications to be made in the main feed pump, and the new service, booster pump, is required to re-inject back the stream coming out from the isobaric device. Now, we will have two different streams entering the membrane, one coming out from the feed pump, the other one coming out from the booster. Taking into account this last point, typical plant retrofit allows one line to feed two membrane racks at the same time, since we have these two feeds. In this particular situation, modifications on main feed pumps are less demanding, simply adapting original operating conditions to whatever is required on each case. Recently, we are finding more and more that plant modularity is key and maintain the same lines with the same production is required, allowing operators to start, stop different lines on demand. This has a bigger impact on the requirements for the main feed pumps, as now the flow required would be around 30%-40% less than original one, and maintain existing plant layout, base plate, pipe, piping, et cetera, becomes far much more challenging as it is required to implement lower flow hydraulic into the existing casings. Just as a side note, please consider that typically, main feed pump service is covered by BB3 axially split casing pumps, which is what you can find in 95% of the plants, with some minimal exceptions. The same applies to different pump designs, but it is what we have considered for the presentation... as it is the standard and what was available in the plant we are discussing. Now that we have set up the context, different processes, technologies, energy recovery devices, plant overhauls, we have a basic understanding of what is going on. Let's discuss in detail about the project itself, Rambla Morales Desalination Plant overhaul. This desalination plant was built by a group of agriculture producers back in 2005. The plant was operated for about a year and a half, two years, and then for 15 years was out of production, only in basic maintenance mode. In 2020, one of the main desalination EPCs invested around EUR 100 million, purchasing the plant with the intention to overhaul it, adapt it to the best possible condition, and to build an adjacent photovoltaic solar power plant that will eventually feed the plant, at least partially. plant consists of five production lines of around 10,000 cubic meters-12,000 cubic meters per day, and the idea was to preserve the modularity as the four lines initially considered for irrigation and the remaining one for human consumption. The main project drivers, apart from modularity, are efficiency, energy savings, and cost. The requirement goes in line with what's recommended historically, and includes the removal of existing Pelton turbines, implementation of the isobaric ERDs, new booster recirculating pump, and the modification of existing pumps to meet new operating conditions as per the following: Original operating conditions, 1,074 cubic meters per hour, with a total developed head of 668, with an efficiency stated at 85%, and power absorbed a little bit above 2.5 MW. And the new operating conditions, 60% of the original flow, being at 630 cubic meters per hour, and the total developed head at, 614, slightly lower since membranes will be new. All these with the best possible efficiency. Obviously, all these requirements, together with the fact that main feed pumps to modify are manufactured by other original, equipment, manufacturer, increased the complexity of the project. Here's where our expertise and knowledge enter into place to come up with the best possible state-of-the-art solution that my colleague, Shane, will debrief in the following part of the presentation. I leave the stage to you, Shane. Thanks, Mario. As Mario mentioned, the original design operating condition that the existing pumps were operating at were 1,074 meters cubed an hour at 668 meters head, around 85% efficiency and 2,400 kilowatts of absorbed power. After many discussions with the end user, we finally agreed on the following operating condition of 630 meters cubed an hour at 614 meters head, around 83% efficiency and 1,300 kilowatts absorbed power. During our discussions, there were quite a few options proposed, such as de-staging the existing pump, de-staging the existing pump again, however, trimming the impellers to a different outer diameter to tweak to the flow rate that they required and head, and finally, a new Sulzer design rotor. In the end, the solution agreed was the new Sulzer design rotor, which was mainly won on the predicted efficiency that we had offered to the client. And that the eagle-eyed viewers among, amongst you would notice that the efficiency that of the new rotor is around 2% lower than the original efficiency. Now, as you reduce your flow rate and the impeller specific speed, your attainable efficiency also reduces. So to gain back that efficiency as close to the original sold efficiency, there are a number of design features and techniques that we adopt here in Sulzer to try and get that efficiency back up to the original 85% or as close as to the 85% efficiency. The next thing that was, we won the order on was the competitive cost and delivery time, and the retrofit experience that the original OEM could not simply offer. Going forward from a spares perspective and engineering support, Sulzer were in a better position to offer that, with the local service network in Spain. So now we'll move on to the mechanical overview. Now, during all of our tender inquiries for the retrofit work, we always review the existing train equipment to, you know, review the overall suitability, such as the motors, mechanical seals, seal systems, and so on. Because what we want to make sure is that any equipment that's gonna be retained on-site is rated and suitable for the solution that we are going to offer, and that the client is not going to experience any problems moving forward. When we received the pump into our Leeds service center, the first thing that we did was a comprehensive strip and inspection of all the existing pump components, because ultimately, we need to determine what can be reused, refurbished, or that needs to be replaced with new. Once the pump had finally been stripped, we decided to reverse engineer the entire casing using our optical scanner and using conventional measuring equipment for the key interface diameters, overall lengths, and so on, because we needed to determine an accurate space envelope for the new Sulzer design rotor. In order to maintain interchangeability with the existing mechanical seals, bearing assemblies, and coupling interfaces, the existing shaft was also re-engineered, mainly around these particular areas... for the areas of the shaft that was inside the casing, that doesn't really matter because it would be designed to suit the new Sulzer design rotor. I don't know if you can see here, the model in gray is the modeled casing, and the areas in blue and brown, that is the result from the optical scan data, which is like a point cloud data that is exported into our CAD software. Once we had processed all the scan data and the measurements from the existing casing and the shaft, we designed our new rotor to fit within this space envelope, as you can see here in green. During the process, we always use Sulzer design philosophies and our retrofit design experience to accommodate this solution, because not all Sulzer design philosophies will be suitable for non-Sulzer products, so we have to be adaptable with our designs. One of the benefits of doing this was that the reverse engineering and the design of this particular rotor was done in record time in order to maintain our very tight production schedule with the end user. There was, however, issues with existing pump that needed to be resolved, in addition to what we would class as a standard routine overhaul and refurbishment. For example, the casing joint faces were not adequate for operation because there was evidence of leakage paths from the volute areas to the outside of the casing. The diameters within the casing were also not concentric to one another, so that would promote a cantilever or bone effect of the shaft and rotor within the casing, which is not good for vibration issues during operation. The casing volute surfaces were also not suitable for our application. As you can see down on the right-hand side, picture, it's more or less left as cast surface. I'll show you later on in the presentation what we would deem as a the optimum surface finish for an RO application. Finally, there were cracks discovered within the casing, as you can see here by the dye pen examinations, and inspection that we did on the casing upon the delivery to Leeds. All these, issues that were found had to be discussed with the end user, and the agreed rework had to be completed once they had approved this, which fortunately they did. Moving on to the manufacture of the Sulzer design rotor, there was quite a lot of planning that had to be done by tendering, engineering, project management, and production in order to maintain the tight delivery schedule that we had agreed with the end user. Techniques such as patternless manufacture of the hydraulic components offer quicker delivery, improved quality, and accuracy. We have in-house machining here at Sulzer Leeds, so we could machine all the new components that were designed and refurbish the existing casing. The mechanical seals were returned to the seal OEM, so they could be refurbished to an as-new condition, and we have in-house testing facilities as well for the hydrotest and performance testing of this pump in order to prove that the duty had been met, and more importantly, the efficiency of this pump. Moving back to the existing casing and the issues that we were presented with, I would like to go through on how we resolve them in-house within Sulzer Leeds. We started by skimming the joint faces with a proven Sulzer surface finish and technique that provides a positive sealing surface for the casing and gasket, removing the leakage paths that we discovered. All the diameters were realigned bored to ensure they were all concentric and all within tolerance. All the defects that were discovered within the casing were well repaired, and we extensively detailed all the volute areas to improve the surface finish to a more or less a mirror-like finish, as you can see within this picture below. Finally, just to prove that all the modifications had not hampered the existing casing's integrity, we pressure tested it to maximal allowable working pressure just to prove that it was fit for purpose. Once all the manufacturing and the casing repair work had been completed, we then moved on to assembling the new Sulzer rotor into the existing casing, alongside some of the components that we decided that were suitable for reuse, and we put them back into as-new condition. Moving on to the assembly and testing, the new Sulzer rotor was then installed into the existing pump casing that we refurbished, as shown on the previous slide, alongside any refurbished items to an as-new condition, such as the bearing housings, as you can see below on the right-hand side. They were blasted and repainted. Same with the main casing, fasteners in the picture above, they were blasted and painted again. The mechanical seals refurbished by the OEM to an as-new condition were also installed. The pump was then moved to our in-house test bed at the Leeds facility. This was to prove that the pump and the new Sulzer rotor was operating at the intended duty, and more importantly, the efficiency that we had sold. The pump passed performance test being within, the API tolerances that we had sold to the end user, and more importantly, we achieved the efficiency target we had sold originally. Once the pump had been removed from our test bed, it then proceeded to final inspection. During this final inspection, all functions that have been involved with this project since it was delivered to the lead service center basically go over this pump and make sure that it is fit for purpose and suitable to be shipped to the end user. So to summarize this project, Sulzer has designed a new bespoke rotor that is completely interchangeable with another OEM's pump casing, bearing assemblies, and coupling, and mechanical seals. The new bespoke rotor was designed to suit a specific operating condition and efficiency target set by the end user. Modifications were conducted at our Leeds facility to improve the existing pump components within schedule that weren't originally planned for. We completed one successful pump performance test in our Leeds factory. Following on from this, a further four pump rotors will be manufactured and supplied by our Leeds facility and sent to the local service center in Spain, where the pumps will be upgraded in the same manner as conducted here in Leeds, but without the performance testing, because the performance has already been proved here in Leeds, and we are confident that the remaining pumps will operate in the same manner. Another benefit of supplying the four rotors separately, directly to Spain, is that we have a further improved delivery time for the end user because we don't have to worry about the testing, as mentioned previously. Since this initial inquiry, we have also received further inquiries from the end user for potential upgrade opportunities, and as mentioned earlier, Sulzer will now become the sole spare parts supplier for these pumps moving forward. Now I will hand back to Mario, who's going to further summarize this project. So let's finish the webinar with this wrap-up slide. Previous situation, customer situation. The desalination plants operates the plant in Rambla Morales in Spain. They performed a process optimization project to reduce water cost and CO2 emissions, and existing pumps were oversized according to the new process conditions due to plant modularity pressure phase. The performance optimization solution that Sulzer provided, hydraulic relate solution to 60% of the original capacity by replacing hydraulic rotor, only maintaining existing third-party cases. Sulzer hydraulic performance exceeded the OEM, the efficiency level. We were awarded the project on competitive bid, and we won the Pump Industry Award 2022 as the best retrofit for that year. As a business outcome, We rated existing high-pressure pumps with zero plant layout modification, and some benefits that you can see are savings in terms of power and CO2 emissions. Now, let's go to the live Q&A, and looking forward to hearing from your questions. So just thank you again to Mario and Shane there for that, fantastic presentation. I hope everyone enjoyed it. Unfortunately, Shane will not be able to make the Q&A, so if there are any questions, that you had that would potentially Mario is unable to answer, then, we're happy to pass those along to Shane, and then, Sulzer will be able to get in contact with you, with, an answer. So just to start off with, we do have a few already in there. So, could you provide some insight on the proposal estimation and final results? If you'd like to answer that one, Mario. Sure. So good morning, everyone. First of all, insight on the proposal estimation. So this project started with several conversations with the customer. First of all, discussing this several points of hydraulic performance that they required, data gathering at the time. Then we continued with the discussions, fine-tuning the final point of, on the, on the requirement from the customer. Then we fine-tuned the data gathering. We provided preliminary solutions to the customer, starting from this staging at the time. Then we went through the hydraulic modification mentioned during the presentation to finally come up with the solution that we are presented. There were several iterations in engineering to come up with the best possible efficiency that finally we managed to increase from the proposal to the existing one from 83 stated to 83.1. So that's basically more or less the proposal as it's been through. Fantastic. Thank you, Mario. I hope that answers this person's question. We're getting quite a few coming in. If you do have any other questions, just please pop them in the Q&A panel. We'll try and get through as many as possible. But moving on to the next one, why do you think the demand for desalination plants is rising? I would say two main factors. First one is water demand, in a specific region, but in general, not only for human consumption, but for, agricultural and also for industry, and then, specifically on, existing desalination plants going through, these type of, revamps, this type of retrofits, is more, an energy situation in which, now energy is becoming the trend in any plant, but specifically in desalination. It's, it's, kind of the main focus. The, the specific consumption is key, as we have mentioned during the presentation. So, the cost of producing one cubic meter is, is, vital, so that's why I think all these plants are going through this type of, modification, just to achieve the best, possible efficiency overall in the plant. And then specifically in the pumps themselves, it's more related to the efficiency to contribute to the efficiency, overall efficiency of the plant. ... Absolutely. I mean, if you have such a big, costly operation like a desalination plant, you definitely want to be getting the best out of it. Thank you. So we'll move on to our next question there. What advantages does a retrofit solution provide? Yes. So, not specifically related to desalination, but it applies to all markets. I would say any retrofit solution, the main concept is to address any problem that you can find in the application, either if it's a hydraulic problem or if it's a mechanical problem or any reliability issue, and be able to address this problem, solve it without impacting the plant layout. So meaning there are no modifications on the piping, there are no modifications on the civils of the plant, and also there are no modifications or minimum modifications on the drivers, base plates, and stuff related or, let's say, closer stuff related to the pump. That would be more or less the answer. Definitely. Thank you very much for that, Mario. We have another question. Are there any minimal dimensions of the pump plant for this kind of revamping? This is a good question. No, in principle, we've done... This is a more generic question, specifically for desalination. Not only the main feed pumps are affected by overhauls, we have found and we have received requests also for product pump, for example, that are smaller in size and for other type of treatment pumps that are more industrial. To answer the question, there is not a minimal dimension, but depending on the type of pump, if you consider more an industrial pump, ISO or a DIN pump, then an overhaul like this may make not too much sense. If we're talking about engineered pumps, there is not a minimal dimension. We can apply modifications like these, hydraulic modifications in any type of pump or plant, no problem at all. Thank you. That was a very good question, actually. Thank you very much to the person who asked that. I hope Mario has been able to answer that for you. Moving on to our next question: How is Sulzer supporting the desalination sector to reduce operating costs? Basically, by addressing, I mean, desalination owners, they, they know pretty well what is the, their, their, key points, where to focus, mainly energy, as we have mentioned, previously. But, basically, we make an assessment, or we try to make an assessment of all the main applications inside the plant. I would say focusing on the main feed pumps, any booster pump, if any, and then product pumps in general. There are other applications that maybe intake pumps could have a, also we, we will have a look at them. And then, we, we have maybe two ways. We assess, the operational inputs from the pumps, via our, Strato tool. It's a proprietary tool from Sulzer, in which we analyze the data from the pump, and we get a clear idea on how the pump is operating. Or, we use a more sophisticated online monitoring system, which is called Blue Box, and then we basically by ways of machine learning and compare the pump performance to the ideal performance and the performance of similar pumps all over the world, we are able to come up with a very detailed understanding on how the pump is operating and when it's gonna fail, what are the operating costs associated, and all this type of stuff. So that's pretty much it. Well, thank you, Mario. Yeah, that was a very in-depth explanation. Thank you. And it seems like Sulzer is doing quite a lot to help out the sector in that respect. We do have another question. We see the saving on energy, CO2, and money. What was the cost of this revamping and so return on interest, on investment, sorry? On investment. Also, what was the time requested for this revamping? Okay. So, this is more on the customer side, because actually, this project is also related. Nowadays, we briefly commented in the presentation, these type of projects are in the cases that, which is possible, attached to kind of a solar field, photovoltaic plant. So, the return of investment, particularly on this plant, is when the photovoltaic plant is ongoing, that reduces the energy consumption by 25%-30%, if I recall correctly. So it's an immediate return of investment. I don't have the exact number because it's more a customer point, but it's immediate. Bear in mind that this plant was not in operation, but in case it was, the specific consumption for the plant would be around 3.6, 3.8, 3.5, around those numbers. With the new energy recovery devices, you drop down by EUR 1 per cubic meter produced. So you can imagine the impact in a plant like this. 10,000 cubic meters per line is a big saving, immediate saving. And together with the photovoltaic plant that we commented, the return of investment is, I don't know, the exact figure, but is really attractive for the customer. Fantastic. Thank you very much, Mario. Just because we have used up quite a lot of our time now. There are two questions in the Q&A, and I think we might call it there. If you do have anything else, we have now put the contact slide, you can always contact Sulzer directly for any more information. So moving on to our last two. How much is the estimated cost for refurbishment of MBN 82-2558 series pump? I believe you might be able to- I think it's... I'm not able to answer that one. Okay. It depends on the condition of the pump. I don't have that number. Sorry, but I cannot answer that straight away, yeah. Okay. I would need to have a look at the pump and the details. Of course. So what I would recommend then is that, Mohammed, perhaps potentially you could contact Sulzer directly. We can always pass your question along- Yeah and they will contact you directly. Absolutely. To answer that one. All right. I hope that is okay, but a very good question nonetheless. So our last question of the morning is a Pelton turbine is typically 90% efficient when correctly designed. Are the old ones in desalination plants typically inefficient as they are being replaced by other technology? No, no, no, it's not. The Pelton turbines work as they supposed to work, so they are 90% efficient, and they are good machines. The point is that the technology being evolved is has been surpassed by these isobaric energy recovery devices. And these energy recovery devices, they have a different principle of working. It's not a turbine anymore, is an isobaric device. So the principle of working changes, and therefore, the savings that you can get with these new technologies is much higher than with the old ones, than with the Pelton turbines. Pelton turbines work as fine as usual, but they have been surpassed by this technology. In the summary, that's that would be for the question. Fantastic. Thank you so much, Mario. You've done a great job here. Thank you so much for taking the time, you and Shane, to put together this presentation for us. Thank you, everyone, to... that managed to make it. There will be a recording available that straight after this webinar. It should be going directly to your emails. Also, please do expect correspondence from Sulzer following the webinar, and do feel free to get in touch with any further questions. We've had a great audience here today. Thank you so much, everyone. It's been a pleasure. And I suppose we shan't take up any more of all your busy days. So, that'll be all from me. Are you, you happy with where we're off here, Mario? Yeah. Just thank everybody for the time to listen to me. Hope it catches their attention and again, if you have any further questions, please feel free to contact us. We'd be happy to answer. Yeah. Perfect. Well, thank you so much, everyone. Once again, we hope you have an amazing rest of your day, and we'll see you in the next one. Thank you very much. Have a good day. Goodbye. Cheers!