Good morning, good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the Q4 2023 analyst conference call. I would like to remind you that all participants will be in a listen-only mode. The conference will be recorded. The presentation will be followed by a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question, you may do so by pressing star and one. For operator assistance, please press the star key and zero. Be my pleasure to turn the conference over to Ioana. Please go ahead. Thank you for joining us for our fourth quarter and full year 2023 preliminary results call. As usual, our Chief Executive Officer, Christian Sewing, will speak first, followed by our Chief Financial Officer, James von Moltke. The presentation, as always, is available to download in the investor relations section of our website, db.com. Before we get started, let me just remind you that the presentation contains forward-looking statements which may not develop as we currently expect. We therefore ask you to take notice of the precautionary warning at the end of our materials. With that, let me hand over to Christian. Thank you, Ioana, and a warm welcome from me. It's a pleasure to be discussing our results with you today. We have set Deutsche Bank's course for sustainable growth and returns for shareholders through our Global Hausbank strategy, and 2023 saw clear progress. We delivered business growth as the benefits of our sharpened business model came through. We grew revenues to around EUR 29 billion, with a growth rate of close to 7% per year since 2021, well above our initial target, and we are now raising our revenue growth target to 5.5%-6.5%, with the aim of reaching revenues of around EUR 32 billion by 2025. We made conscious investment decisions to protect and grow our franchise by driving business growth, strengthening controls, and improving operational efficiency. We have now reached an inflection point on costs. Our investments are approaching completion, and we are making solid progress on our efficiency program. As a result, we now see ourselves delivering normalized operating and financial performance. This reinforces our confidence that we will deliver on our target run rate of around EUR 5 billion per quarter for adjusted costs, including the first quarter of this year. Our guidance for the full year 2025 non-interest rate expenses remains unchanged at around EUR 20 billion. We again demonstrated our resilience with high-quality risk management and our strong capital and balance sheet. All of this leaves us highly confident that we will meet our 2025 financial targets. Furthermore, we are increasing our capital distributions as rewarding our shareholders is our priority. We increased both dividends and share buybacks by 50% compared to 2022. We plan to propose a dividend of EUR 0.45 per share at the AGM, approximately EUR 900 million in total for the financial year 2023. We have regulatory approval for a further EUR 675 million in share buybacks, which we intend to complete in the first half of 2024. Our raised capital outlook, which we outlined last quarter, has created scope to accelerate and expand distributions further. We now expect to significantly outperform our original EUR 8 billion target for the financial years 2021 through 2025, and we would consider proposing a dividend of EUR 1 per share in respect of 2025, subject to our 50% payout ratio. Let's first discuss business growth, starting with our 2023 revenue performance on slide two. We delivered sustained growth and improved quality of earning streams with a well-balanced business mix. Revenues were in line with our guidance at around EUR 29 billion, up 6% year-on-year. 78% of our revenues came from recurring earning streams, up from 71% in 2020. We benefited from rising interest rates, notably in the Corporate Bank and Private Bank. We also focused on building out our fee business across all businesses, and here, let me give you a few examples. In the Corporate Bank, we developed innovative products, hired relationship managers in strategic areas, and deepened relationships with key clients. This was already evidenced by the growth in fee income in the fourth quarter. We also added senior bankers in client-facing areas International Private Bank and the Investment Bank and completed the acquisition of Numis. We attracted net inflows of EUR 57 billion across the Private Bank and Asset Management, which helped to grow assets under management by EUR 115 billion to EUR 1.5 trillion. Our progress in strengthening our franchise has been recognized with upgrades from the leading rating agencies, which further position us well to deepen engagement with current and new clients. Now let's look ahead at our revenue pathway to 2025 on slide three. Since 2021, we have demonstrated revenue momentum well ahead of our original target growth rate, due in part to a supportive interest rate environment. We are confident that as interest rates normalize, we can maintain a solid revenue trajectory, and this is supported by the expected growth in non-interest rate income, which already accounts for more than half of group revenues and our investments in capital-light activities. Based on this, we are raising our revenue target from between 3.5% and 4.5% to between 5.5% and 6.5% for the period 2021 through 2025, aiming to reach around EUR 32 billion in 2025. We expect non-interest income growth to contribute approximately 2.5 percentage points to the targeted compound annual growth between 2021 and 2025. This is achievable through a number of levers. Growing share of wallet in the Corporate Bank, reaping the benefits of investments in Origination & Advisory, building on our recent strong relative performance in our FIC business, expanding fee-generating businesses in the Private Bank, benefiting from investments and growing capital-light lending businesses, delivering on our growth strategies, including passive and taking full advantage of market recovery in Asset Management. Additionally, across both the Private Bank and Asset Management, we aim to convert 2023's net inflows and growth in assets under management into revenues. In respect of net interest income growth, we expect it to contribute approximately 4 percentage points to the targeted compound annual growth between 2021 and 2025. This reflects a normalization in 2024, followed by further growth in 2025 and beyond, and James will expand on this shortly. Let me now take you through additional details on how we plan to grow non-interest rate revenues on slide four. In the Corporate Bank, we already have stable sources of fee income from our payment business, trade finance offering, custody business, as well as trust and agency services. We have invested into our payment platforms and enhancing sector-specific coverage teams. In terms of products, we also continue our investment into fee-generating merchant solutions and digital asset custody to support future fee growth. We are accelerating the cross-divisional solution offering, for example, foreign exchange, hedging, and risk management products, and we are helping corporates with their sustainability transition. In the Investment Bank, we have one of the leading FIC platforms, with around 35% of revenues coming from our financing business. We have consistently said that we aim to grow financing and FIC trading activities by developing the existing business, growing our Americas footprint, and increasing client penetration. In O&A, revenues saw a low point in 2022. We expect fees to be driven this year and next by some market recovery, combined with the benefits of our investments. We hired strategically across many sectors and acquired Numis to create a leading position in the U.K. All this will help us to deepen and broaden our client relationships and further develop our ESG capabilities. In the Private Bank, we aim to grow revenues from investment products at around 10% per year over the next years. We are confident we can achieve this, given our strong asset generation, investments in hiring in the international franchise, and enhancement of digital channels. We will also expand our Lombard lending business in Wealth Management and the Bank for Entrepreneurs. In addition to our focus on Germany, we are intensifying our business development in growing markets such as Asia and the Middle East. In Asset Management, to give you a few examples on our growth initiatives. We are building on Xtrackers momentum via product innovation, and we are expanding internationally. Within alternatives, we want to focus on credit in Europe and real estate debt in the U.S., and we will be strengthening fixed income and multi-asset capabilities to increase potential for scaling up. And I'm encouraged by the start we have had in January so far, with revenue performance that supports this trajectory. Now let me turn to operating efficiency on slide five. Our 2023 cost base was impacted by inflation, business growth, and investments to accelerate execution of our Global Hausbank strategy on three dimensions: improving operational efficiency, growing sustainable revenues, and strengthening our control environment. About EUR 400 million of these additional investments are non-recurring and mainly related to improvements of our operational efficiency, severance charges for targeted reductions in senior non-client facing roles, and real estate one-offs. We also recognize an impairment of goodwill related to Numis. Some of these non-recurring items arose in the fourth quarter, alongside other exceptional items, which James will discuss shortly. We also made business investments of EUR 200 million, which will remain in our run rate. We saw incremental savings of around EUR 340 million from our operational efficiency measures this year. These will more than offset the run rate impact of the investments, which reflects our approach of self-funding our investments. On business growth, we have invested in capitalized businesses, as we just discussed. On controls, we further strengthened key functions with the addition of around 1,000 dedicated professionals across all regions to ensure thought leadership and increase dedicated spending to around EUR 1.2 billion in 2023. Our investments over the years have materially improved our controls. For example, we have built automated tools into our KYC controls to dynamically review client activity and tighten quality control standards. We have significantly upgraded our core control applications. For example, we successfully migrated our Euro clearing business onto a new strategic transaction monitoring platform. We made material strides in reengineering processes front to back, and the progress so far has made our bank safer. As our remediation work across key regulatory programs is anticipated to approach completion, we expect our focus during 2024 to gradually shift from remediation to a sustainable business as usual risk management. We also continued to put long-standing legal matters behind us in 2023, and we expect to see the benefits of our improved operating model coming through from 2024. We believe these investments will positively impact operating leverage by boosting revenue growth while keeping costs essentially stable to 2022 levels, as we set out on slide six. We see a clear path to cost of approximately EUR 20 billion in 2025. Over the next two years, our aim is to drive reductions across both non-operating costs and our adjusted cost base by managing our run rate and driving efficiency measures. We foresee reductions in non-operating costs of around EUR 700 million from 2023 levels in the next two years. The EUR 233 million impairment of goodwill relating to Numis is now behind us, and we see restructuring and severance charges coming down by around EUR 400 million from 2023 levels. On adjusted costs, as we have already communicated, we see bank levies coming down by between EUR 350 million and EUR 400 million over the next two years. The additional EUR 400 million euro net reduction will come from further progress on our operational efficiency program. So let me give you some additional detail on where we stand with our EUR 2.5 billion euro efficiency measures. We have already executed on measures with delivered or expected savings of EUR 1.3 billion, of which around EUR 900 million of savings were realized today. The residual savings of EUR 1.6 billion are as follows: On Germany optimization, we anticipate savings of around EUR 600 million, reflecting our strategic ambition to increase profitability in our core home market. On technology and infrastructure, we anticipate roughly EUR 700 million of savings from a number of items, including application decommissioning and other operating model improvements. Finally, on front to back process redesign, we anticipate about EUR 300 million from simplified workflows and automation. Included in these measures is the reduction of 3,500 roles, mainly in non-client facing areas. The vast majority of these measures will be in our 2025 run rate. With that, we have material capacity to more than offset inflation and the impact from our business growth plans. Our detailed implementation roadmap gives us the confidence in delivering non-interest expenses of approximately EUR 20 billion in 2025, giving us a clear pathway to our cost income ratio target of 62.5%.... We are conscious that we are operating in a fast-changing environment. Our path towards 2025 may be impacted by external factors, and we have taken this into account. We have the toolkit in place to implement additional measures, which would enable us to further flex our cost base to meet our cost-income ratio target, even if we see unforeseen revenue headwinds. Now let me turn to capital liquidity and risk management on slide seven. In 2023, we proved our resilience in a challenging environment. We demonstrated first-class risk management with a high quality and well-diversified loan book, supported by multiple risk mitigants. Our provision for credit losses was 31 basis points of average loans, marginally above guidance range and also reflecting overlay changes applied in the fourth quarter. Liquidity has remained very robust and with substantial buffers above required levels. In addition, our balance sheet is strong. We have a large and healthy, diversified deposit base, mainly in our domestic market. Furthermore, we demonstrated strong capital management. We ended the year with a robust CET1 ratio at 13.7%. Now let me turn to our plans for distributions to shareholders on slide eight. Our strong organic capital generation and disciplined capital management allowed us both to digest the significant regulatory inflation of the last two years and support our business growth, while still being in a position to distribute around 30% of our net income to shareholders. Consistent with prior guidance, we now see scope to shift gears on capital distributions and to increase shareholder distributions to 50% of net income to shareholders from the full year 2024. In October, we set out plans to accelerate and expand our distributions, having raised our capital outlook by around EUR 3 billion through 2025. With the distributions announced today and our positive capital outlook, we are on track to significantly outperform against our original distribution target. Let me conclude with a few words on our strategy on slide nine. We have seen rising uncertainties in the global economy and across geopolitical landscape since we launched our Global Hausbank strategy early in 2022. These developments prove that our strategy is the right one for our clients and for Deutsche Bank. We have seen more than ever that clients want and need to partner with the expertise, product breadth, and global network to help them navigate a more uncertain environment, a European partner capable of helping and advising them across the world. The progress we have made on all key dimensions gives us a clear path to our 2025 targets. Having sharpened our business model, we have raised our revenue targets and made focused investments to boost revenues further, especially all in capital light businesses. We are seizing the opportunities offered by our technology investments to expand our digital offering to clients. We have already completed operational efficiency measures, which take us around halfway towards our EUR 2.5 billion target, and we are well positioned to increase our goals for capital distributions to shareholders through 2025. With that, let me hand over to James. Thank you, Christian. Let me start with a few key performance indicators on slide 11 and place them in the context of our 2025 targets. Christian outlined our business momentum and well-balanced revenue mix, which resulted in revenue growth of 6.6% on a compound basis for the last two years relative to 2021. This performance puts us well on track to deliver revenue growth in line with our new target. Our strong franchise growth led to a 10 percentage point improvement in the cost-income ratio to 75% against 2021, with the last two years being pivotal investment years. Our return on tangible equity was 7.4% in the full year of 2023, including a benefit from deferred tax asset valuations. Our capital position remains strong, with the CET1 ratio at 13.7% at year-end, after absorbing regulatory headwinds. Our liquidity metrics also remain strong. LCR was 140% above our target of around 130%, and Net Stable Funding Ratio was 122%. In short, our performance in the period reaffirms our resilience and our confidence in reaching our 2025 targets. With that, let me turn to the fourth quarter highlights on slide 12. Group revenues were EUR 6.7 billion, up 5% on the fourth quarter of 2022, or 10% excluding specific items. Non-interest expenses were EUR 5.5 billion, up 5% year on year. Non-operating expenses were down by 45% compared to the prior year period, mainly reflecting a release of litigation provisions. At the same time, we booked items related to strategy execution, including the impairments of goodwill and other intangibles of around EUR 230 million, and restructuring and severance provisions of nearly EUR 200 million. We generated a profit before tax of EUR 698 million, down 10% year-over-year, which mainly reflects the increase in adjusted costs and the non-repeat of the gain on sale reported in the prior year quarter. Net profit of EUR 1.4 billion was down 28% year-over-year, reflecting a lower DTA valuation adjustment compared to the prior year quarter. Our cost income ratio was 82%, and our post-tax return on average tangible common equity was 8.8% in the quarter. Diluted earnings per share was EUR 0.67 in the fourth quarter, and tangible book value per share was EUR 28.41, up 6% year-on-year. Let me now turn to some of the drivers of these results. Let me start with a review of our net interest income on slide 13, which also provides an outlook for the next two years. The numbers are based on market expectation for interest rates as of the 26th of January this year. Our reported net interest income of EUR 13.6 billion was broadly stable for the group in 2023 compared to the prior year, but that does not reflect the economic contribution to group revenues due to significant moves in accounting effects, which are offset in non-interest revenues. Focusing on our three key NII generating business units, as well as other funding costs, not offset by accounting effects, we see an improvement of just over EUR 2 billion and a cumulative benefit since 2021 of over EUR 4 billion. Looking ahead, on the same basis, we expect a decline of around EUR 600 million in 2024, driven by the convergence of betas to steady-state levels. We expect this to be followed by an increase of around EUR 400 million in 2025, which brings us close to the 2023 NII levels, as the beta convergence is largely offset by the rollover of our hedge portfolios as well as balance sheet growth. In line with prior guidance, we expect a larger sequential reduction in the Corporate Bank than in the Private Bank in 2024. We expect a sequential improvement, excluding accounting asymmetries in the Corporate and Other division of around EUR 300 million, relating to reduced funding costs for corporate assets and lower retained liquidity and other funding costs. We prepared additional slides on NII, which are in the appendix, but the key messages I want to highlight are that we have around EUR 230 billion of long-term interest rate hedges on our deposits and equity. The majority of these hedges are entered into with a 10-year tenor, and the weighted average maturity of the portfolio is 4-5 years. We expect EUR 2.5 billion of NII from interest rate hedges in 2024, of which more than 90% is locked in with existing positions. Once deposit betas have converged to steady-state levels, our NII sensitivity will mostly be to long-term rates as our hedge portfolio rolls over with limited sensitivity to short-term rates, unless moves are sharp enough to reintroduce beta lags or approach the zero bound. We may outperform this, perform this guidance if market expectations regarding rate cuts do not fully materialize or deposit betas increase more slowly than expected. With that, let's turn to adjusted cost development on slide 14. First, our guidance for full year 2023 adjusted costs was essentially flat compared to 2022, as we absorbed the impacts from inflation, ongoing investments, and business growth, which Christian discussed earlier. We made it clear that this guidance included an expectation that the German banking industry would receive a restitution payment from a National Resolution Fund in the fourth quarter. And as we announced in our pre-close document, this payment was not included in the recently announced budget. While our full-year adjusted costs were up 3% year-on-year, in line with our guidance, the fourth quarter adjusted costs of EUR 5.3 billion were up 9% year-on-year, higher than the initial expectations. We had around EUR 210 million of exceptional items in the fourth quarter, resulting in adjusted costs, excluding bank levies of EUR 5.26 billion. About EUR 90 million of these exceptional items are not expected to repeat in the following quarters. About EUR 35 million of costs related to Private Bank service remediation are expected to taper off over time, and around EUR 80 million of other costs should normalize. Reflecting on the nature of these exceptional items and considering savings coming through from efficiency measures, we expect to return to a run rate of around EUR 5 billion in the first quarter of this year. Let's now turn to provision for credit losses on slide 15. Provision for credit losses in the fourth quarter was EUR 488 million, equivalent to 41 basis points of average loans. The quarter-on-quarter development in Stage 1 and 2 provisions of EUR 30 million mainly reflects the non-recurrence of model-related adjustments in the previous quarter and the application of an overlay in this quarter. Stage 3 provisions of EUR 457 million were also higher compared to the prior quarter, as we saw elevated levels, mainly in the Private Bank and Corporate Bank, partly offset by a provision reduction in the Investment Bank. Full year provisions were 31 basis points and reflect higher Stage 3 provisions related to commercial real estate in the Investment Bank and certain one-offs in the Private Bank, partly offset by lower Stage 1 and 2 provisions, as well as slower than expected loan growth. Before we move to performance in our businesses, let me turn to capital on the next two slides, starting with Slide 16. Our fourth quarter Common Equity Tier 1 ratio came in at 13.7%, a 20 basis points decrease compared to the prior previous quarter. This quarter-on-quarter reduction reflects lower capital, as our net income was more than offset by capital deductions, most notably for shareholder dividends, AT1 coupons, and deferred tax assets. Risk-weighted assets were flat over the quarter. Credit risk RWA increased over the quarter, reflecting business growth and model changes. These increases were partly offset by capital optimization initiatives as we continue to focus on the capital efficiency of our balance sheet. Lower market risk and operational risk RWA more than offset higher credit risk RWA over the quarter, reflecting lower market volatility and an improved risk profile. At the end of the fourth quarter, our leverage ratio was 4.5%, reflecting a lower capital position and higher leverage exposure. Building on Christian's earlier comments on the inflection point in our capital base on Slide 17, let me give you a view how we want to manage our capital through 2025, as our profitability is improving and delivering more sustainable net income. First, in line with our ambition, we want to pay out 50% of net income to our shareholders. Second, we will aim to deploy about 25% of net income into the businesses to support further growth. Finally, we expect the remaining 25% will provide us with a buffer for additional capital use, the final implementation of CRR3, and further distributions, acquisitions, or an increase in our capital ratio. Let me also give you an update on our capital efficiency program. In the fourth quarter, we delivered RWA relief of a further EUR 3 billion, mainly from additional securitizations, which brings the achieved reduction to EUR 13 billion and means we remain on course for our EUR 25 billion-EUR 30 billion target, and we aim to deliver further progress in 2024. Let me give you some more details on our intentions regarding shareholder distributions. In March 2022, we set a goal to increase dividends per share by 50% for three consecutive years, which we are on track to deliver. As the slide indicates, subject to a 50% payout ratio, we believe there will be scope to extend the 50% increase objectives to 2025, suggesting a dividend of EUR 1 per share could be paid in 2026. This would bring the total dividend payments over the five-year period to over EUR 5 billion. At the same time, we are continuing to increase share buybacks, and as Christian mentioned, we will execute a further EUR 675 million program in the first half of 2024, which is again, a 50% increase on the buyback program we completed last year. Finally, given our strong capital and earnings outlook, we see significant scope for further share buybacks and therefore a clear path to outperform our original distribution target of EUR 8 billion. Let's now turn to performance in our businesses, starting with the Corporate Bank on slide 20. Corporate Bank revenues in the fourth quarter were EUR 1.9 billion, 9% higher compared to a prior year quarter, which already reflected the early stages of the interest rate cycle. The interest rate environment remained favorable, with revenues further supported by the continued pricing discipline, a solid deposit base, and higher commission and fee income. Sequentially, revenues increased slightly, driven by higher net interest income from higher average balances with corporate and institutional clients and higher commission and fee income in our institutional client services business. We continue to anticipate a normalization of our deposit revenues over the coming quarters, which we expect to be partially offset by growing non-interest rate-sensitive revenue streams. Loan volume in the Corporate Bank declined by EUR 5 billion compared to the prior year quarter and remained stable sequentially, compensating for the impact of FX movements. Deposits were EUR 289 billion, EUR 3 billion higher than in the third quarter, with an increased share of term deposit balances compared to the prior year. Provision for credit losses was 26 basis points of average loans. The moderate increase versus the prior year was driven by higher Stage 3 provisions across various portfolios. Non-interest expenses significantly increased year-on-year, driven by the FDIC special assessment charge in the current quarter and adjustments to the internal service cost allocations in the prior year quarter. This resulted in a post-tax return on tangible equity of 15% and a cost income ratio of 60%. I'll now turn to the Investment Bank on Slide 21. Revenues for the fourth quarter were 10% higher year-on-year on a reported basis, and 8% higher, excluding specific items. Revenues in FIC S ales and Trading increased by 1% versus an already strong prior year quarter and represented the highest fourth quarter revenues since 2010. Credit trading revenues were significantly higher, driven by continued strong performance in distressed and ongoing improvements in the flow business.... The performance of Flow reflects the successful execution of our strategic initiatives and the investments made through 2023. Emerging markets revenues were also significantly higher, driven by increased client activity in Asia. Financing revenues were slightly lower versus the prior year quarter, but essentially flat on a full year basis. Rates and foreign exchange revenues were both significantly lower when compared to a very strong prior year quarter and reflected an overall decline in market activity and volatility. Moving to Origination & Advisory, revenues were up 56% when compared to the prior year quarter, but down slightly sequentially due to deal slippage into the first quarter of 2024. Debt origination revenues were significantly higher, benefiting from an improved LDCM performance, including the non-repeat of hedge losses in the prior year quarter. The leverage loan market saw a partial recovery from a market that was largely inactive in the prior year. Advisory revenues were slightly lower compared to the prior year period. However, we expect the previously communicated investments into targeted sectors and regions during 2023 to drive improved performance this year against an improving industry backdrop. Non-interest expenses were significantly higher year-on-year, largely the result of a one-off impairment of goodwill related to our investment in the acquisition of Numis. Adjusted costs were slightly higher, reflecting targeted investments in Origination & Advisory, which includes the Numis acquisition. Leverage exposure, risk-weighted assets, and loans were all broadly stable year-on-year. Provision for credit losses was EUR 186 million, or 73 basis points of average loans. The increase versus the prior year quarter was primarily driven by the model impact on Stage 1 and 2 performing loans, with Stage 3 impairments also higher and primarily driven by commercial real estate. Turning to the Private Bank on slide 22. Private Bank revenues were EUR 2.4 billion in the quarter, up 9% year-on-year, if adjusted for the gain on sale of around EUR 310 million related to the financial advisors business in Italy last year. Private Bank Germany revenues increased by 10% year-on-year, mainly driven by interest income, reflecting strong deposit margins. In International Private Bank, revenues were up 9% year-on-year, if adjusted for specific items and FX movements. The growth was driven by episodic revenues in lending and higher deposit revenues across Europe and Middle East, which were partially offset by continued muted capital market activity and client deleveraging in APAC. Turning to costs, non-interest expenses were significantly higher year-on-year, driven by approximately EUR 100 million of restructuring and severance costs, as well as investments in strategic initiatives, Postbank service remediation costs, and inflation. These were partly mitigated by continued savings from transformation programs and lower internal cost allocations. Fourth quarter provisions for credit losses of 30 basis points of average loans continued to include temporary effects caused by the operational backlog. The development of the overall portfolio continuously reflects the high quality of the loan book, especially in the retail businesses, and ongoing tight risk discipline. The businesses attracted strong net inflows into assets under management of EUR 7 billion, mainly in deposits. Let me continue with Asset Management on slide 23. My usual reminder, the Asset Management segment includes certain items that are not part of the DWS standalone financials. Assets under management increased to EUR 896 billion in the quarter, supported by net inflows and positive market appreciation of EUR 40 billion, partly offset by negative FX effects. Net inflows of EUR 11 billion were primarily in passive, once again, continuing the positive momentum we've seen throughout the year, as well as in cash products. Revenues declined by 5% versus the prior year. This is primarily the result of a decline in management fees to EUR 575 million. Other revenues declined due to lower investment income and higher funding charges. Compensation and benefits costs were higher, mainly driven by a change in accounting treatment related to carried interest in the prior year quarter, partly offset by lower other variable compensation. Non-compensation costs were also higher, reflecting support for transformation and costs related to growth in assets under management. In the prior year period, non-operating costs included a significant impairment charge for an unamortized intangible asset, which is not repeated this year. Profit before tax is significantly lower than the prior year period, mainly impacted by lower revenues. The cost-income ratio for the quarter was 81%, and return on tangible equity was 7.1%. Moving to Corporate and Other on slide 24. Corporate and Other reported a pre-tax loss of EUR 14 million this quarter versus the equivalent pre-tax loss of EUR 535 million in the fourth quarter of 2022. This improvement was primarily driven by a net litigation release of EUR 287 million in this quarter. Valuation and timing differences were positive EUR 142 million, compared to EUR 48 million in the prior year quarter, in part driven by the reversal of prior year losses. The pre-tax profit associated with legacy portfolios was EUR 75 million, primarily reflecting the aforementioned litigation release.... Funding and liquidity impacts were negative EUR 111 million in the quarter, bringing the full year in line with our guidance. Expenses associated with shareholder activities were EUR 147 million in the quarter, which we see as the new quarterly run rate. At the end of the fourth quarter, risk-weighted assets were EUR 40 billion, including EUR 19 billion of operational risk RWA, and leverage exposure was EUR 39 billion. For the full year, the loss before tax in C&O was EUR 553 million. Looking into 2024, we expect the pre-tax losses for Corporate and Other to be more negative, given the non-repeat of the aforementioned litigation release. As usual, this includes some uncertainty, particularly associated with valuation and timing differences. Turning to the group outlook on slide 25. As Christian and I have outlined, we are increasingly confident in our growth path, particularly in our ambitions to grow fee income across divisions. We have revised our revenue growth target to 5.5%-6.5% over the 2021-2025 period, supported by investments across all business areas and a more favorable economic and market backdrop. We are fully focused on delivering our cost plan, and we see our non-interest expenses reducing due to the non-repeat of certain non-operating costs, as well as management actions to maintain our targeted quarterly run rate of EUR 5 billion of adjusted costs. We expect provision for credit losses to remain at around 25-30 basis points of average loans in 2024. As we outlined last quarter, we have passed an inflection point in our capital management plan, which supports our intention to distribute roughly half of our generated net income to shareholders, which, alongside with cost management, is our key management priority. And finally, with our first half EUR 675 million share buyback approved, we are poised to further accelerate distributions beyond our baseline expectations. With that, let me hand back to Ioana, and we look forward to your questions. Thank you, James. Operator, we are now ready to take questions. Thank you very much. Ladies and gentlemen, at this time, we will begin the question and answer session. Anyone who wishes to ask a question may press star and one. If you wish to remove yourself from the question queue, you may press star and two. Anyone who has a question may press star and one at this time. Our first question today is from Chris Hallam from Goldman Sachs International. Please go ahead with your question. Yeah, morning, everybody. Just two from me. First, on distribution, looking at slide 18, I guess if I take all those numbers together, would I be wrong in saying that the EUR 8 billion distribution target is now about 25% higher at around EUR 10 billion? And for this year, consensus has about EUR 1 billion in share buybacks with respect to 2023 results. Now, you've announced 675, and said that there's more to come. So just do you feel comfortable with the EUR 1 billion figure that consensus has in? And then second, on costs, obviously, there was a lot of one-offs in Q4, and I guess we're going to see the EUR 5 billion underlying from Q1, as you mentioned. But just as we start the year, what can you see in terms of one-offs for 2024 and maybe for 2025 as well? Thank you, Chris, and good morning to everybody, and thank you for your question. Look, let me start with the capital question, and then James will take the cost question. Look, let me go back to the Investor Day 2022, because I think it's important that we all understand the path which we have announced there, in particular, also regard with the capital path and the EUR 8 billion. Since then, since March 2022, we have consistently delivered on that what we have told you, and that is no different today. Our focus has always been on the execution of our strategy and the commitment, actually, on the one hand, to focus on our clients. But Chris, more and more, what we have done in the management board of Deutsche Bank is actually to put the shareholders into the middle of focus what we are doing. Now, with the investments which we have done, with the business how it develops, with the inflection point we see on regulatory remediation, taking the regulatory increases into our capital in and digesting it, we can clearly see that we are at the inflection point on our franchise, but in particular, also when it comes to our capital position, a nd hence, we can see that we have now the room to further step up. That is then the result that we said already last year in October, that we see based on the efficient capital management, the operating strengths of the business, the earnings profile, that we see EUR 3 billion of incremental capital at our disposal. Of course, it is our aim that a significant part of these EUR 3 billion will be, will be actually distributed to our shareholders. Again, also with the view that it's now the time that the shareholders go actually also into the center of what we are doing. Now, what does it mean concretely? Also there, Chris, if we compare this year to last year, last year in the January earnings call, we did not actually talk about, and, and had the approval for a share buyback. You see our confidence overall in the way the bank has done and on which way we are, and therefore, we ask for the approval of the EUR 675 million last year. We got the approval now, and that also means to your second question there on the way for 2024, in case, and I'm very confident just looking at January, in case our business performance runs as we forecasted in Q1, I think there is an opportunity, and we should obviously aspire to go for a second approach this year. And that we already have the approval for the first one in January is I think a big difference to last year. Secondly, if I now look at the overall earnings capacity of the bank, how the revenues stack up, and also what James will tell you about the cost side, I really clearly can see that we can change the payout in terms of what we retain and what goes to the shareholders to a 50-50. And it is clearly our goal that the 50% increase, which we committed to in the last years, which we have done, is also something which we want to do going forward. Of course, subject to our earnings forecast, but again, we are highly confident. That would mean, I mean, you mentioned the number, you know where the consensus is, that that obviously results in a number where I said, "Yes, I would like to actually go to consensus when it comes to share buybacks and capital distribution in total. So, and Chris, it's James. On the expense side, look, Q4 was messy. We'd advertised that there were some items that we were expecting. We obviously try to give you as much of a forward look as we can. But as you can see on page 14, you know, there was a bunch of things that sort of tumbled out, that some of which caught us by surprise. I'd say, you know, as a great example, the FDIC assessment, the way it was formulated and crafted, you know, brought basically two years' worth of assessment into the one quarter. And if I go to another question that frequently comes up on these calls, you know, what flexibility do we have to offset? While we think that flexibility is greater than it has been in the past, you know, EUR 50 million coming out of nowhere in late November, early December, is not something you can really offset at that point in time. But your question is, you know, what comfort can we give you that the one-offs are coming to an end? You know, I think our goal is to deliver a much cleaner, more predictable profile. And, you know, the last few years have been anything but that, with transformation charges, obviously the bank levy that introduces volatility, some of the litigation items that have come at us, that we hadn't expected to fall out the way they did. While we can, you can never guarantee that there won't be new things coming up. If I look at the various risks and uncertainties that lie ahead, they're much fewer than lies behind us. And so I'd like to think that our path to normalization is close. There would be... I mean, if I look to 2024, you know, we do expect some restructuring charges in 2024, perhaps EUR 400 million. That's still an elevated level relative to what I would think of as normalized. And clearly, our goal is that by 2025, we will have normalized in respect of both restructuring and severance and litigation. It's one of the reasons our investment in non-financial risk is so critical in the control environments, you know, stop, you know, making ourselves vulnerable to those types of things. So we do think we're much closer to providing a normalized picture, and also to having the levers in our hands to offset, you know, adverse developments better. Okay, thanks. Really helpful. Thank you. Thank you. Our next question is from Kian Abouhossein, from JP Morgan. Please go ahead. Kian, are you there, o r are you on mute? Mr. Abouhossein, your line is open. Yeah, sorry. Yeah, apologies, I was on mute. Thanks for taking my question. The first question is related to trading revenues, which you indicated, I think James, has started very well. And I just wanted to see what you're comparing this to. Is this year-on-year comparison, and what is driving that, I assume in fixed income? Secondly, can you also talk clearly in that context around the investment banking fee pool, where I think you also indicated momentum is continuing from what you said earlier at a recent conference? And then secondly, just coming back to cost. Clearly, the target is adjusted cost EUR 5 billion, about EUR 5 billion. Just if you can talk a little bit about the levers that you have in case you will not be able to get to about EUR 5 billion, and what five billion about actually means, is it ±4%, 5%? How should we think about that? Thank you. Let me start and then James will for sure add. Look, Kian, thanks for your question. I think on the trading revenues—We know it's obviously early days with January, but, how—what are we doing? We are comparing it to last year. We are comparing it to our own plan. We also look at the consistency, actually, of the day-to-day trading, also with regard to our VAR, and it looks very healthy. It looks a very kind of a consistent picture across the different sectors in the trading area. So it is broad-based, across the regions, and I would say one reason for the strong start is for sure that we have been investing, and Ram has really built up the FIC business over the last five years, quarter by quarter. And of course, the latest rating upgrade by S&P also helps. I mean, these are all things which are then self-fulfilling, so to say. You will remember my speeches, that each rating upgrade also means that, obviously, clients are coming back, are doing different and more trades with us. We are changing the ISDAs. All that is coming through, and therefore, we can see that, yes, January was good and nice and better than we expected, but I can see from the basis and foundation, that in my view, this is a quite consistent trend. I also expect, by the way, we said that 78% of the 2023 revenues were recurring revenues, which is a pretty good picture, and therefore, I also expect with all the investments we have done in the, so to say, more stable business, that we have a solid and strong start into January. On the fee income in the O&A, yes, we expect a recovery in 2024. It is always very hard to say when exactly, but you know, we have planned our investments last year in terms of the Numis acquisition, but also in terms of the hiring on the O&A side with regard to a long-term development of the bank. We wanted to invest into our capital markets business, and fortunately, we can now see the results of that. So, also here, we can see a recovery in terms of mandates, a recovery in terms of market activities, and therefore, we do believe that we will see, compared to 2023, a nice uptick in the revenues and the first results we have already seen also in January. But again, I know it's just the first 30 days of the year. But also, they are very promising, and that what we wanted to achieve is coming, is coming through. On the cost side, look, James just said it, and he will give you more details, but a, we have a full focus after Q4, showing you already in Q1 that we hit a EUR 5 billion run rate in Q1. This has daily management, daily monitoring, weekly in the management board, and I'm very confident that we will achieve that number of around EUR 5.0 billion in Q1. Now, why am I overall so confident on that? Because of that, what James said. I mean, if you, if you take, the EUR 21.7 billion cost and we need to come to EUR 20 billion, we will expect non-operating costs to decrease by around EUR 700 million. We will expect approximately a reduction of bank levies in the amount of EUR 350 million-EUR 400 million in 2024 versus 2023. That would bring us roughly to EUR 20.5 billion. And now we are looking at that, what we are constantly managing, with the front office, with the back offices under Rebecca's leadership, and that means we expect that we have another EUR 400 million net reduction from all what is still coming, of our operational efficiency program. You know, the 2.5 billion of gross reductions, we have delivered, savings or expected savings of EUR 1.3 billion, of which EUR 900 million have been realized up to now. The remainder comes from EUR 600 million in Germany, in the optimization Claudio is doing, in particular on the business side, with all the rationalization on the branch side, with all the investments which have been done into Unity, and now we are getting the fruits out of this. We have on technology and infrastructure, another EUR 700 million, which we will reduce application decommissioning and so on. Then you know that we are for our core processes, we have invested a lot money, and we will do this also going forward in the front-to-back process redesign, where we think we will get another EUR 300 million out. Now, against that, there is obviously some inflation, some business growth, but that makes us highly, highly confident that we can get the next EUR 400 million-EUR 500 million of operational efficiency net out, and that brings us to the EUR 20 billion. The good thing is that is the long-term plan for 2024 and 2025, but if you see the bottom-up plan for the first quarter, we will achieve the 5.0 on a rounded basis this quarter. So in keeping, I entirely endorse what Christian just went through, and it's just to put a couple of numbers behind it as well. In FIC, I would draw your attention to page 47 of the analyst deck, where we tried to give you a little bit more color on how the FIC franchise performs on a daily basis and relative to its VAR. And so it gives you a good kind of comparison as to what, you know, so far the quarter might look like compared to last year's first quarter. I think the second thing to add, you know, the-- in the corporate finance world, if you look at some of the external sort of providers of data on that marketplace-... I think those providers would say that the market will—that the wallet will grow sort of 15%-20% this year. As Christian just outlined, now, that obviously still needs to happen, but we think the conditions are there, and as Christian just outlined, through Numis and the other hires, we've invested to participate in that. And then lastly, on, on expenses, to give you a sense of what we would think is a, is a significant—is a, is a range of, of outcomes, you know, 1% rather than 4%, you know, is, is, is that we have the discipline, and for us, missing by, by 1% or EUR 50 million would be a, a, a disappointment. And that, that gives you a sense of how we're, we're managing the place. Very clear. Thank you. Our next question is from Adam Terelak for Mediobanca. Please go ahead. Good morning. Thank you for the questions. One on revenues and one on costs. On the revenue side, you've given a lot of detail on NII and NII trajectory. You've given us EUR 32 billion for 2025, hinted to EUR 30 billion still for this year. But could you put a little bit more meat on the bones, please? That be by division and expectations by division, but also on the non-NII growth, in terms of what you see in terms of fee momentum and, beyond the O&A piece, but also on loan growth as well, which clearly is baked into your NII assumptions. So some more color around revenue and revenue expectations on why we should be as bullish as you guys are would be great. And secondly, on cost and cost trajectory, you're talking to EUR 5 billion for Q1. Clearly, the run rate for next year is going to be below that if you're gonna get to EUR 20 billion. So what does that adjusted cost look like through this year? Do we actually end up kind of below EUR 5 billion by the end of the year, and so the adjusted cost print could be in kind of the, the EUR 20 billion range for 2024? Obviously, the, the reported number might be higher, but I'm thinking about adjusted costs only at this stage. Thank you. So, I'll start. Christian may want to add. So on revenues, Adam, first of all, I—we provided the additional disclosure on net interest revenues, or net interest income, to try to sort of put that to one side. Hopefully, that's helpful disclosure and indicates the, the relatively high degree of confidence we have on, on delivering against that, whether that's by hedging out the, the remaining sort of, curve, or, or also indicating how conservative we think we're being on, for example, beta assumptions and, and growth, in volumes. But set that to one side, and, and then that allows you to focus on the, on the non-interest revenues. There, to give you a sense, we think all of the businesses are poised to, to grow their revenues in, on the non-interest side pretty considerably. When you just think of all the sources of non-interest revenues we have, I mean, start with the Corporate Bank, custody, transactions, payments, the merchant acquiring business, the documentary custody business. I mean, we earn fees and across that business in lots of different ways that do cohere with the overall sort of performance and level of activity in the marketplace. In Asset Management and Private Bank, obviously, the assets under management are the key driver, and therefore, our inflows, you know, are encouraging to us. It means our step-off into 2024 is higher than the average, considerably in both businesses that we ran at in 2023. And we also think, in general, investor behavior, particularly in International Private Bank Wealth Management business, has been relatively muted. So we think there's growth opportunity as well. And that then leads you to the Investment Bank. We've talked about what we see as a recovery in Origination & Advisory, coupled with potentially market share expansion, given the investments that we've made. And that's encouraging to us. And we think there's also runway in FIC, as we've continued to put, you know, investments in place across sort of... I won't call them adjacencies, so within our footprint areas where we think we're underperforming our potential, and Ram and his team have been very deliberate executing on those investments. We think that also will provide a strong backdrop, drop. In terms of to give you orders of magnitude, you know, obviously, the Origination & Advisory piece is the largest in terms of our expectations in absolute terms, but it's also the market, in our view, that has been most muted in, you know, in the past couple of years. So there we think of it less as growth from a foundation as it rather than recovery. And that's something we see the preconditions as clearly in place for. I just want to add one item, and just to give you a little bit of a feel, Adam, also, how stable the revenues, for instance, in the Corporate Bank, has performed over the last six months. Of course, we have already seen in the Corporate Bank, on a monthly basis, some kind of normalization on the NII, but that was always fully compensated already by fee income, given our investments which we have done. And we feel that this is also happening in 2024, given the mandates which we have won. You remember potentially that in October, in the earnings call, we talked about the increase of won mandates with multinational corporates. Well, that is continuing, and obviously, this is helping us now a lot... also to go against the NII normalization in the Corporate Bank. So it is actually a healthy, it's a healthy distribution, going forward. And if I then think from a starting point of view that we have, as James was just saying, EUR 57 billion of additional assets under management, in the Private Bank and in Asset Management, and what already that brings us at the start of the year, which we already so, so to say, captured, that makes us highly confident that we come to that number, which you just quoted, the EUR 30 billion for 2024. Just briefly on the run rate. Look, we've got to continue working it back down. As you saw in 2023, you know, it crept up a little bit. It was basically EUR 4.9 billion for much of the year, and then it crept up to EUR 5 billion as we'd advertised. It did kind of go further than we expected, but we'd like to bring it back to EUR 5 billion, and if possible, below. What that depends on is strong execution of our initiatives, controlling, if you like, the throttling of investments so that we line them up with the crystallization of savings. And to Chris's point at the outset, the absence of surprises. But we feel like we've got the tools in our, in our hands to achieve that, and a lot of hard work lies ahead, but we've got a clear path. I do wanna say as a proviso, all of that, you know, one of the things we always found difficult in talking about absolute expense numbers is FX, you know, can move it around. So you have to, you know, keep that in mind, but in general, we're managing to that ex FX run rate. Okay, so all else equal, EUR 5 billion is ideally the peak, as we look out? Yeah. Yes, I think so. Right. Thank you. The next question comes from Stuart Graham. Please go ahead with your question. Oh, hi. Thank you for taking my question. I had two, please. The first is on return on tangible book value. As an aside, I didn't see the 10% group target for 25, but I guess that's still in place. But my question was on the return on tangible in the Investment Bank. It was only 4% in 2023, after 8.4 in 2022 and 9.4 in 2021. So what's your target return on tangible books for the Investment Bank in 2025, please? And the second is a geeky question on U.S. CRE. At the Q3 stage, you said there was just $3 billion of U.S. CRE loans to be modified in the next 15 months, but you did $2.3 already in Q4. So what's your revised expectation for the next 12 months in terms of modifications? Do you have an update on the EUR 0.9 billion stressed loss estimate you gave at the Q3 stage, please? Thank you. Thanks, Stuart. Look, the IB needs to be above 10% in 2025. Very simply, just that it's a kind of law of averages that we have. And what gives us real comfort there is we've been going through some amount of transition as well in the mix of business, whereas we shift to more capital light revenue sources, you should be able to see that a strong lift. And the Investment Bank will also benefit from some of the cost-saving initiatives that are there in their allocated expenses. So we think their path to that, you know, 10%, well above 10%, is reasonably clear. On U.S. CRE, actually, I don't have a number to hand. We are continuing to work through... And I just want to make one distinction clear. There are maturities and extensions of loans and then modifications. And so we think there's, you know, about EUR 10 billion of either extension or maturity events to work through this year, some of which will lead to modifications of various sorts, and then applying the percentage that we show you of 4%-4.5%, you'd expect some of that to obviously translate into credit loss provisions. So hopefully that gives you a sense on both of those questions. Can I just add, Stuart, because your question on the Investment Bank is obviously important, and rightly, James, went to the composition of revenues, and our investments with it in the capital light business, which will obviously help. Secondly, our focus in bringing the cost down is on the infrastructure, and he said that. I would also like to mention that if you simply look at the market comparison of Deutsche Bank versus other peers, and you look revenues over RWA, the Investment Bank is doing actually already an excellent job. So it's now very much about the composition and the balance of revenues, which we are starting and started to address last year with our investments. And I can see that the O&A business is obviously coming back in 2024 and the infrastructure costs. So I think the Investment Bank on the top line versus RWA is actually already doing an excellent job, and obviously we expect that, to be maintained. And last but not least, just for clarification, you indicated it at the start. It's a full confirmation, yes, we clearly confirm the larger 10% ROTE for the year 2025. There is no doubt. Okay, thank you. Thanks for taking my questions. The next question comes from Nicolas Payen from Kepler. Please go ahead with your question. Yes, thanks for taking my question. I have two, please. The first one will be on the litigation write back, that you had, it was quite significant. So if you could have a bit more color on the, on what is it related to, please? And the second question is coming back on your U.S. CRE CLP. It has doubled in, Q4 versus Q3. So I'd like to know what kind of assumption you have backed in, regarding U.S. CRE CLPs for 2024, and how does it fit into your, cost of risk assumption of 25-30 basis points for 2024? Thank you very much. Sure. Nicolas, James, happy to take the questions. Unfortunately, as you know, we, you know, don't give detailed information about what goes in and out of litigation provisions. Your point is, it's a large one, and that is fair. I can't say more really, otherwise it's been a long-standing provision that we've held and now taken the view there isn't any more basis to retain it. On CRE, look, I could imagine that the next couple of quarters, Q1, Q2, could remain elevated. But I can also, and my own expectation, is that it would begin to sort of ameliorate towards the second half of the year and into 2025. You know, what you shouldn't be surprised if it were in line with 2023, as a, as sort of a baseline expectation. And in an ideal world, it might be a little bit better than, than, than 2023. We will publish a revised, stress scenario, in, in our annual report. I'd say that's probably deteriorated a little bit given the, the circumstances we see in the, in the marketplace. And as you can see, cumulatively, we're tracking, you know, closer to, the level that we'd, we'd laid out, in our Q2 and Q3 reporting. That said, I think it's important to say, as you think about our forward guidance, if you take out the EUR 450 million across the various portfolios that we booked in commercial real estate in 2023, and, you know, take that out of the numbers, you can see a CLP level that is running actually in a relatively normalized range. And that's in a year in which we actually incurred some losses, particularly in the Private Bank, that went beyond what we would normally see in the Private Bank. You recall a couple of idiosyncratic cases in the first quarter, and then in the third and fourth quarter, some amount of what I call, you know, excess provisioning associated with the operational backlog issue. So, you know, we think that all gives us confidence that as this cycle in commercial real estate abates, over the next six quarters, you should see a much more normalized credit loss provision emerge. Thank you very much. The next question- Thank you. Our next question is from Anke Reingen from RBC. Please go ahead. Thank you very much for taking my question. Just two small number questions. The first is just to clarify the payment from the resolution fund, which you didn't get in Q4. That's not included in any of your commentary about costs, 2024, 2025, and maybe you can give us a bit of an indication about the magnitude. And then, lastly, sorry, just the numbers question: Given the many moving parts, can you help us a bit with your tax rate guidance? Thank you. Anke, thank you for your question. Yes, that's the German word for the payment from the German Resolution Fund. We clearly expected the repayment into the banks, because we feel from a legal analysis that this is our money. We also made various proposals to the German government together, by the way, with all banks, the savings banks, the cooperative banks and the private banks, how we actually can use that money nicely in order to fund the transformation in Germany. It seems to be that the German government is going another route, and obviously we need to review that from all kinds of perspectives, as you can imagine. But to your clear question for the guidance of 2024 and 2025, this is not part of our plan, i.e., there is no cost plan where this is included, because for the time being, we assume that this is not coming our way, but of course, we need to review it from a legal point of view. Or capital plan for that matter. Sure. And then, tax, I would use a 30% rate in your modeling for 2024. Obviously, always uncertainties and things that can change. One thing that can change. One thing that we are now at the end of is the DTA valuation adjustments. We've essentially written back the tax attributes in actually three jurisdictions now, the United States, the U.K., and Italy. And therefore, we're you should see a normalized level of taxation in the coming periods. Thank you very much. Thank you, Anke. Next question comes from Giulia Aurora from Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead. Hi, good morning, and thank you for all the new disclosure on, in particular on NII and costs. I want to ask you, however, a question on capital. Specifically, there have been some headlines on potential M&A, which is something that you also looked at, a domestic M&A, a few years ago. But that seems to be at odds with what we hear today, your big commitment to capital distribution. So how do we square these two, and what would take you to pursue some big M&A? That's the first question. And then the second question is more of a numbers question. Sorry, going back to the costs again. I hear a lot of conviction on EUR 20 billion by 2025 underlying, and one of, you know, reducing. So what is a sort of run rate for restructuring costs? Do you expect it to be EUR 400 million in 2024, and then down to EUR 200 million? And yeah, anything or comment on other potential one-offs. So, thanks. Well, let me start, and I'll have a quick thing to say. Yes, it is at odds, and what you hear from us is a commitment to distribution. On costs, it's hard to say with, you know, with perfect accuracy, what it is that these litigation and restructuring severance, obviously the latter is more in our control. If I look to 2025, I think EUR 400 collectively for the two would be a reasonable kind of planning assumption. We'd like to do better than that. Clearly, one of the things that we're working to do is put the remaining restructuring items behind us now in 2024. I've given you an estimate of what that looks like. And as I said earlier, you know, one does—looking at our litigation sort of portfolio, one does feel that we're, you know, it's changing in terms of kind of number and size of events. Now, it's never a perfect forecast, but it's certainly something that we're hoping to work down to a more normalized level. So I'll give you EUR 300 million-EUR 400 million is probably a good planning assumption across the two. Thank you. Julia, I just want to emphasize that what James said on the M&A. There is nothing we can do about headlines. We focus on ourselves, and distribution to shareholders is at the heart of what we are doing. Understood. Thank you. Next question comes from Jeremy Sigee, from BNP. Please go ahead. Thank you. Just a couple of number detail things, please. Firstly, on the capital returns, can I just clarify what has been deducted from capital already? Is it the EUR 0.45 and the EUR 6.75 buyback, but no extra? Have those both been deducted? And linked to that, is the constraint when you talk about the 50% payout for the returns done over the course of this year, and in particular in the second half of this year, is the constraint 50% of this year's earnings, 2024, or constraint being 50% of last year's earnings, which a lot of it was accrued out of? And then the last question was just on the costs. I know we've talked a lot about it, but in the divisions, both the IB and the Corporate Bank were about EUR 100 million heavier in the quarter, and I wasn't very clear. I wonder if you could just talk a bit more about how much of that was specific items or sort of year-end extra, and how much of that falls away. That'd be very helpful. Thank you. Sure, Jeremy. I think I got both of your questions, but feel free to follow up. Look, We would like to stick to the 50%. We think that's prudent, and, you know, ideally not go beyond. By putting out the dividend guidance that we have, I think the indication is management's confident of its ability to grow earnings from here. If you think about 50% of our net income to common for 2023, that actually gives us still a fair amount of room against the EUR 1.6 that we've talked about today. To your question about what is, if you like, disregarded in the ratio based on interim profit recognition, the answer is the EUR 900 million, the EUR 0.45 is disregarded in the December ratio. The 675 is not removed from that. The 675 we see as part of of a discretionary program rather than the 50% payout ratio assumption, which in essence, wasn't in place for 2020, in respect of 2023. That 675 would represent about 20 basis points. And so in the rounding, we'd be at 13.5, maybe 13.6, pro forma for the that second buyback. In IB and CB costs, I do wanna just remind, you know, that CB took the lion's share of the FDIC assessment, so there's noise this quarter on that, as well as last year in the fourth quarter, there was a what I'll call a true up in the internal service cost allocation. So that's been a bigger feature in CB than the others. And in IB, of course, that's seen a fair amount of the investment in 2023, including obviously Numis in the fourth quarter. So noise in both, and as we strip away now in Q1, you should see what I'll call a cleaner run rate in both of those businesses. Thank you. Just to be clear, both of those things are in the adjusted costs. The FDIC is in the adjusted costs. It's not been stripped out as one-off? ... FDIC was not stripped out as one-off. So the only thing- Okay. That is of all of that, the only thing that's not in adjusted cost is the Numis impairment. Perfect. Thank you very much indeed. Appreciate it. Thank you, Jeremy. Next question is from Andrew Coombs from Citi. Please go ahead. Good morning. Two questions, please. Firstly, thank you for the net interest income walk. In the guidance for the decline that you gave for 2024, you talked about moving to a steady state level on deposit pricing. Perhaps you could just elaborate there on what your steady state deposit beta assumption is. I think your peers are at 40%, but perhaps you could elaborate there. Secondly, coming back to the non-net interest income growth, it looks like you're targeting, you know, EUR 1.6 billion a year in both 2024 and 2025, so 9%-10%. It's a very healthy run rate that you're guiding to. Within that, you've mentioned the four different components, so fixed income, Origination & Advisory, Wealth and Asset Management, and you said that Origination & Advisory is the biggest component within that. But perhaps I could ask two things. Number one, can you split out the growth between those four? And secondly, how much of it is driven by industry wallet versus how much is market share gains? Thank you. So I'll speak to the beta. Look, we've just, we sort of made a policy decision, if you like, not to talk about betas in specific terms externally. What we have seen, and I think we've talked about this before, you know, our portfolios are quite varied. And by that, I mean, the deposit portfolio breaks out between Private Bank and Corporate Bank, and then in each of those businesses, really euros and dollars. And then, of course, there's a dynamic around what is sight and what is term. So there's different sort of behaviors across those things. What we are thinking could happen is that with the expectation of the market now, that policy rates will start to go down, that the long-term interest rates have gone down, you may see a peak in terms of pass-through, or we may have in fact seen a peak in terms of pass-through, because now banks are reacting and our clients are reacting to a changed interest rate environment. And hence, we can't say this with certainty, but we could be near a peak of the pass-through associated with the rate increase cycle we've just been through. And now the question will flip to how sticky will customer rates be on the way down? So a completely different dynamic. As I've said, you know, our... We said this in Q3, and I guess I'd reiterate this, our beta assumptions assume a continued convergence towards the models, as though the trend was still upwards. Although there's a possibility, as I say, that we've peaked and may run flat for a period of time, before things start to move down. So an interesting dynamic around the betas. In terms of the split, you know, don't wanna go into too much detail, but I would say relatively evenly split between Private Bank, Corporate Bank, and the fixed income and currencies business. So producing, you know, let's just say about half of the rise, if I would put it in rough terms. And about the other half in O&A. And as I've mentioned, we see O&A as a recovery, so rather than a growth from a kind of a steady state level. And in that number, you might see two-thirds of it be the market and a third be market share. But again, those are very rough estimates of that that we're sort of looking at in our planning. Lots of things can move. But I hope what you take away from that is, you know, how broad-based the sources that we're looking at are. As we've talked about, much of the revenue base becoming predictable around input drivers and output, you know, revenues that it produces, alongside, as we show you now, a relatively predictable net interest income stream, including incidentally, the breakout now of what we're calling the banking book businesses, which include the financing and FIC. So hopefully that's some good color on what we're seeing and is driving the raised guidance. Helpful. Thank you. Thank you. Thanks, Andrew. Next question is from Andrew Lim. Please go ahead with your question. Hi. Morning. Thanks for taking my question. So, firstly, on that non-NII guidance that you've lifted, does seem a large part of that is based on self-help and investments, but I guess some part also based on market growth. So I guess my question here is, you know, what's your assumption for GDP growth backing, you know, your guidance here, and in particular for Germany? And then my second question is back on your cost guidance. You're guiding to EUR 5 billion for 1Q, and I guess about EUR 20 billion for the year. But typically you've had about, you know, EUR 5.3-EUR 5.4 billion for the 1Q, and then a bit less than EUR 5 billion for the remaining quarters to reflect the seasonality of stronger revenues in the first quarter. So just wondering how you're thinking about that now, what's happening with the seasonality through the year? Yeah. So Andrew, thanks for the question. So the bigger driver of the Q1 numbers has been the bank levy, and, you know, we've had to go through the adjustment sort of hoops on that. And we think it was still to be finalized and determined, but we think that noise will be removed. And also ironically, we've had to book some bank levy in Q4 because of the way the dynamic works between the UK and the European bank levies. So in a sense, brought forward some bank levy from 2024 into 2023. You're right that there is some seasonality, especially with variable compensation bookings, but on a relative basis to a big number like EUR 5 billion, that is not a massive driver. But something we look at and manage, you know, carefully, given the importance of it to our business. On the assumptions of GDP growth, we just use a consensus view, and that consensus view obviously already reflects pretty muted GDP growth performance, especially in Germany. So zero, slightly negative, relatively muted in Europe, but in the United States and Asia, probably assumptions that right now are a little bit behind what the consensus views. To be fair, it's GDP isn't necessarily the main driver of the engines that we're talking about of the fee and commission income growth. I'd say it's more activity. And by activity, I mean, you know, loan fees on trade finance, which has been relatively muted. I mean, you know, transactions in terms of issuance, where we also, in our trust and agency securities, get business, get fees on, you know, on custody and also transfer agency and the like. So, you know, it's activity levels that really are the driver, and they cohere more just with corporate and household confidence than specifically GDP growth assumptions. Many thanks for that. Thank you, Andrew. Next question is from Mate Nemes, from UBS. Please go ahead. Thank you, and, well done on the results today. A couple of questions from my side. First, as a follow-up, you mentioned that the non-NII revenue growth could be perhaps coming maybe two thirds from market growth and one third from market share growth. Looking at this, and the EUR 32 billion implied revenue target by 2025, could you give us a sense what degree of flexibility do you see on the cost side, should perhaps some disappointment happen, maybe from the market growth side? Well, what levers do you have to pull, should there be a disappointment on revenues? Because clearly you are doing a lot to hit that EUR 20 billion adjusted cost target. That's the first question, and the second one is on capital management and specifically M&A. I think we've heard you loud and clear that it's you're focused on distribution mainly. But you're also looking at perhaps accelerating growth in some areas and investing in the divisions. Do you see scope for perhaps bolt-on acquisitions along the lines of Numis here and there? And if that's the case, where do you see opportunities you can accelerate the organic growth, and what would be your criteria? Thank you. Thank you. Let me start with the last one. You know, one cannot exclude that, and if there is an opportunity in one of our core businesses that we have an add-on acquisition which makes sense from a content point of view, from a regional point of view, from a client point of view, and it fits into our culture, I wouldn't exclude that, but it's not the main focus of our strategy. And when we came to the previous questions and the headlines, I was referring to, in particular, the bigger M&As, which is not our priority. But if we would have an opportunity, I would always say we would potentially look at it, but again, we feel that with the existing platform we have, with the existing franchise we have, we are really on a good path to achieve the goals, be it on the revenue side or on the cost side. I like your questions on the cost side with regard to the flexibility. Yes, we have clearly an ambitious road on the non-NII, but I can see already how, in particular in the O&A business, our investments, both in Numis, by the way, which is running really well, but also the hiring of the people, which we have done, is adding in, in terms of mandate and also revenues, also, when I look now at Q1. But clearly, if it's not coming, we have a dynamic process, and that dynamic process is that the business has to explain to the CFO, but also to me, what they are doing if the revenues are not coming through. Now, to be very honest, we built it for the long term, and I think it's the right decision for us to expand in that business. But clearly, if revenues would lag, then obviously you have various levers, be it in that area also, variable comp. We have other investments, which are part of our plan for those business, which we can reduce. In this regard, we would proactively, obviously, countermeasure. Mate, just a couple of things. I may have just clean up a statement of the market share versus market growth. First of all, the focus there was on Origination & Advisory, and I may have inverted. What I meant to say is 2/3, we think comes from market and 1/3 from market share growth. But again, those are estimates. I guess the one other thing, just to point out on your capital question, you know, slide 17 of the deck, what we tried to indicate is in the last 25% block there of how we would apply the capital is sort of stuff. It is whatever we're not able to offset of CRR3 through our capital management measures, then either ratio build more distribution would be built into that, and also some leeway to pursue bolt-on acquisitions or have the capital impact of bolt-on acquisitions if we find the right opportunities. We've talked in the past what those opportunities typically look like. You know, we've been clear that DWS, the Asset Management business, has been seeking opportunities, and we would put capital to work there. We've looked at other opportunities over time, but we—I guess the thing to point to is just we would be disciplined about, you know, targeting investment opportunities that are, relatively speaking, capital light and strategically on point, as Numis was with our Global Hausbank strategy. That's very helpful. Thank you. Thank you. That was our last question for today, which concludes our Q&A session. I would like to turn the conference back to Ioana for any closing comments. Thank you, and thank you for joining us today and for your questions. If you have any further questions, please don't hesitate to contact the investor relations team. With that, we look forward to speaking to you at our first quarter results. Ladies and gentlemen, the conference is now concluded, and you may disconnect your telephone. Thank you very much for joining, and have a pleasant day. Goodbye.