Thank you for standing by, and welcome to the presentation of Chr. Hansen Interim Report and Conference Call for Q2 2021, 2022. Currently, all participants are in listening only mode. There will be a presentation followed by a question and answer session, at which time, if you wish to ask a question, you'll need to press zero one on your telephone. I must advise you that this conference call is being recorded. I would now like to hand over the conference call to your speaker of today, Chr. Hansen CEO Mauricio Graber. Please go ahead. Thank you. Good morning, and welcome to the presentation of Chr. Hansen's results for Q2 of the financial year 2021, 2022. I am here with our CFO, Lise Mortensen, and we will walk you through the highlights of our last quarter, as well as our outlook for the full year before we open up for Q&A. Please turn to the next slide, but before we do that, I would like to take notice of the safe harbor statement. Thank you. Let's turn to slide three, please. Before we start today's call, I would like to make a few comments on the implications of the Russian invasion of Ukraine that's on everyone's minds these days. We are appalled by the escalating violence in Ukraine and condemn the Russian invasion in the strongest possible terms. Our hearts and thoughts go out to the people of Ukraine, and our top priority continues to be the safety of our employees and their families. It is important to say that we will also continue to work with our Ukrainian customers to support the continued production of dairy products in Ukraine in the best possible way. As a global supplier to the food and beverage industries, we have responsibilities toward fulfilling the basic needs of civilians for food and health products. This also goes for Russia. As communicated on March 11, we will therefore, for now, continue to supply ingredients only for basic food and human health products in full respect of global sanctions. We are discontinuing supply of products that fall outside of these categories. Additionally, we have decided that profit from our continued operations in Chr. Hansen. Hansen, Russia during the conflict, will be donated to humanitarian aid in support of Ukraine. The donation is expected to be around EUR 1-2 million. We will continue to evaluate the situation as it develops and assess further potential changes in our activities in the coming period. With these words, let's please move to the next Slide four. In a challenging environment, Chr. Hansen continued its strong performance, delivering 14% organic growth in the second quarter. Growth in Health and Nutrition further accelerated, supported by human health, while Food Cultures & Enzymes continued its growth momentum, driven by core segments in developed markets. The Q2 performance took year-to-date organic growth to 12%. Our EBIT margin before special items came in at 27.7%. This is 70 basis points above last year. The improvement was driven by the strong volume development in Health and Nutrition, production efficiencies, as well as positive contribution from currencies, but was partly upset by the higher input cost and general ramp of activities. Year to date, the EBIT margin before special items reached 26.2% and was on par with last year. Free Cash Flow before special items was EUR 31 million in Q2, and EUR 86 million year to date, meaningfully above last year due to stronger operating cash flow and lower CapEx compared to last year, where we acquired the site in Kalundborg for HMO. Please turn to the next Slide five. If we look at the operational and strategic highlights of the quarter, focus was very much on commercial execution and safeguarding our strong delivery performance to customers while responding to increasingly inflationary pressures and supply chain challenges. In Food Cultures & Enzymes, cost savings and productivity improvement continued to drive a lot of the dialogues with customers, resulting in new opportunities for bulk conversions and yield optimizing solutions. Growth in add-on concepts such as bioprotection was slower. Growth in human health and HMO accelerated in the second quarter, supported by the rebound of the probiotic supplement market in Europe and the U.S., high pre-launch activity, new business wins in women's health, and strong momentum across all three acquisitions. However, we expect momentum to normalize during the second half of the year. Dynamics in our agricultural business were mixed. While crop farmers have been benefiting from increased commodity prices, animal health customers are increasingly under pressure to save costs and negatively impacted by the selling environment for animal feed products. That said, we continue to see very good growth with our recent launches. For example, GalliPro Fit in poultry. Also, I am very happy to share that in plant health, we received the approval for our first biofungicide, which will first roll out in the U.S. and Brazil, and we also launched the first product through our UPL collaboration in Asia Pacific. Overall, our licenses delivered 12% organic growth in the second quarter, which was, as expected, lower than in Q1, driven by timing of orders. Growth for the first six months combined was 22%, compared to 11% for the core business. As inflationary pressures continue to intensify, a key priority during the second quarter were price adjustments. In close collaboration with our customers, we implemented the first increases at the beginning of the calendar year. However, due to the war in Ukraine, overall market volatility and inflationary pressure have further accelerated in recent weeks, and we are implementing a second round of price increases this month. Lise will elaborate more on the implications of this shortly. Lastly, I would like to mention that as we communicated on March 24, Thomas Schäfer has stepped down from his Chief Scientific Officer and Member of the Executive Board, effective April 1. I would like to thank Thomas for his contribution to Chr. Hansen and look forward to working with him in his new role as Chief Scientific Advisor. Henrik Jørck Nielsen, previously leading our animal health business, will take over as Chief Scientific Officer, and will focus on bringing our commercial and R&D teams even closer together to create stronger customer-centric organization and bringing innovations to market faster. Let's now turn to page six for additional comments on our sales performance. If we look at the top-line performance across the two segments in Q2, growth was, as expected, largely volume-driven. Food Cultures & Enzymes delivered 7% organic growth in Q2 and year to date, with solid growth in both dairy and food and beverages. Pricing only had a modest impact as increases became effective only towards the end of our Q2 period. Growth in Health and Nutrition accelerated to 26% in Q2, leading to a 20% growth year to date, driven by human health and HMO that delivered very strong growth, while animal and plant health grew solidly. Pricing was slightly negative, as underlying price increases were offset by price settlements in the plant health related to our alliance with FMC. If we look at the regional performance, please turn to the next Slide seven. Momentum in emerging markets improved while we continue to see solid progress in developed markets. I am very pleased to report that all four regions delivered double-digit growth in the second quarter. Europe, Africa, Middle East delivered 13% organic growth in Q2 and 11% year to date, driven by a solid sales pipeline execution in Food Cultures & Enzymes, and very strong growth in human health that was supported by increased activity in the traditional probiotic supplement channel and a strong HMO growth, the latter, however, from a low baseline. Growth rates in North America remained stable at 12%, with strong momentum in cheese and very strong growth in human health, supported by the mentioned high pre-launched activity. Latin America reported 17% organic growth, leading to 13% growth year to date. Food Cultures & Enzymes grew solidly despite continued soft fermented milk markets, while growth in Health and Nutrition was driven by sugarcane sales in Plant Health and good uptake of our animal probiotics. Lastly, our region Asia Pacific grew 16% in Q2 and 10% year to date, with very strong growth in Human Health supported by newly won business wins in the women's health category, as well as solid growth in Food Cultures & Enzymes. Our fermented milk markets in China grew slightly, though we remain cautious for the rest of the year as we expect current market dynamics to persist, also in light of increasing dairy production costs and decreased consumer purchasing power. With these comments, I would like now to hand over to Lise for the financial review. Thank you, Mauricio, and welcome also from my side. Please turn to Slide eight. Our group EBIT margin before special items in Q2 came in at 27.7%, up 70 basis points. This was largely driven by the scalability benefits from the strong volume growth in Health and Nutrition and production efficiencies, as well as a positive contribution from currencies of approximately half a percentage point. Higher input costs negatively impacted our cost of sales, while operational expenses as a percentage of sales were below last year, in part due to the strong volume growth. Total EBIT before special items in Q2 amounted to EUR 84 million, which was 20% up compared to last year, and the increase was driven by Health and Nutrition, while EBIT before special items in Food Cultures & Enzymes was on par with Q2 of last year. Year-to-date, EBIT before special items amounted to EUR 50 million, up 14%. If we look at the segments, we saw the biggest impact from input cost inflation in Food Cultures & Enzymes. The EBIT margin before special items in Q2 here was 28% compared to 31% last year, as production efficiencies and positive impact from currency were offset by higher input costs and higher operational expenses related to increased activity following COVID-19. In Health and Nutrition, the EBIT margin before special items in Q2 was 27.3% compared to 19% last year. Here, the scalability effect from the strong sales performance, acquisition synergies and currencies more than the higher input cost and the higher activity level. Given the acceleration of the inflationary pressures, let me elaborate a bit more on the implications for our cost base on the following Slide nine. As Mauricio already mentioned, the Russian invasion of Ukraine has further accelerated inflationary pressures, whether it's related to raw materials, energy or logistics. Across our cost base, we are seeing substantial price increases and increasingly challenging supply markets with high volatility. Our number one priority remains securing availability of key inputs and our ability to continue to deliver to customers. Energy accounts for approximately 5% of our cost base, and we are monitoring the situation closely, implementing mitigating measures where possible, for example, by shifting volumes from air to sea freight. Short term, a large part of our energy supply is covered by long-term contracts with fixed prices. The current energy market developments are likely to have a significant unfavorable impact beyond FY 2022. To compensate for the increase in input costs, we have adjusted our selling prices in close collaboration with customers. First price adjustments have been implemented at the start of the calendar year across our different business units. In addition, we will implement an additional price surcharge for all customers, which is introduced this month. In sum, this should bring our pricing contribution to organic growth for the full year up to between 2%-3% compared to previously estimated between 1.5%-2%. However, the price increases come with a certain timing delay. They will not be sufficient to fully compensate for the higher cost base by the end of this financial year, which is the key driver for our adjustment to the FY 2022 EBIT margin outlook from previously 27%-28% to now 26%-27%. With these comments, let's move to the next Slide 10, for the cash flow. Free Cash Flow before special items stood at EUR 86 million year-to-date, compared to EUR 35 million last year, driven by a strong operating cash flow and lower investments in property, plant and equipment, as last year was impacted by the acquisition of the Kalundborg site. The increase in the operating cash flow before special items from EUR 108 million last year to EUR 131 million was driven by higher operating profit. Return on invested capital excluding goodwill was 22.6% compared to 22.1% last year. The increase was driven by the strong sales performance in Health and Nutrition, while the return on invested capital in FC&E was down compared to last year due to the negative impact from higher input cost and a general ramp-up of activities. Let's now move to next Slide 11, for the outlook. Starting with the organic growth, we have adjusted the outlook upwards from 5%-8% previously to now 7%-11%, supported by the strong performance in the first half of FY 2022. However, the widening of the range with only six months left of the year underlines the increased uncertainty that we are facing right now. Let me go through some of the key drivers for the adjusted guidance. If we first look at what drives the guidance up, then this is largely due to the strong performance in the first half in human health. This we do expect to somewhat normalize in the rest of the year, as we did see a very positive impact from early ordering ahead of new product launches by customers, especially in North America in Q2. Secondly, we expect to see an increased impact from pricing initiatives in the second half. We now expect pricing to contribute between 2%-3% for the full year. We have also included a small positive impact from EUR-based pricing, mainly in Turkey and Russia, of up to half a percentage point based on the current exchange rate levels. The assumption is highly uncertain, especially related to the Russian ruble. Staying with the implication from the Russian invasion of Ukraine, we will, as explained by Mauricio, for now, continue to supply ingredients only for basic food and human health products in full respect of global sanctions. Given the situation, we have reduced our sales outlook for Ukraine, Russia and Belarus. However, the areas are still assumed to account for between 2%-3% of total sales in the second half. Moving to profitability. The EBIT margin before special items is now expected to be between 26%-27% compared to the original expectation of 27%-28% and despite the increase in organic growth. The adjustment is mainly due to the accelerated inflationary environment, which is only partly offset in this financial year by adjustment in the selling prices. The margin is also expected to be impacted by actions to protect against supply chain disruptions and to a smaller extent, the donation of profit from continued operations during the conflict in Chr. Hansen LLC, Russia. While acknowledging the moving parts in the outlook, we expect that the net impact from this to be largely neutral on the implied absolute EBIT level range compared to our previous guidance on organic growth and EBIT margin. This also means that the free cash flow before specialized is still expected to be around EUR 140 million-EUR 170 million. With this, I would like to hand back to Mauricio. Thank you, Lise. The performance in the first half of the year provides a robust foundation for Chr. Hansen to deliver on our ambitions this year. Responding to accelerated inflationary pressures and increased macroeconomic uncertainty, we are adjusting our outlook by upgrading our organic growth revenue target to 7%-11%, lowering our EBIT margin expectations short term to 26%-27%. Fiscal year 2022 is a year of execution for Chr. Hansen and will remain focused on advancing our 2025 strategic agenda while mitigating any potential disruptions from supply constraints and managing our cost base tightly as a response to accelerated inflationary pressures. Macroeconomic and political risk has increased substantially as a consequence of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and we will continue to do our utmost to support our employees and customers during these challenging times. Thank you for your attention. With this, I would like to open the question and answer session. Thank you. If you have a question for the speakers, please press zero one. Kindly limit yourself to two questions. However, feel free to join the queue again. In the interest of fairness and time, please limit yourself to two questions per turn. You can then re-enter the queue and ask further questions. Please hold until we have a first question. Our first question comes from Alex Sloane with Barclays. Please go ahead. Yeah. Hi. Morning, all. Thanks for the questions. I've got two, if that's okay. The first one, just on the margin guidance, I think implies around 200 basis points contraction in the second half, and appreciate the color you've given on the reasons behind that. I mean, just in terms of should we expect that pressure to continue at kind of a broadly similar magnitude into the first half of the next fiscal year? Or will pricing action already be kind of mostly compensating by that point? I note that, you know, your medium-term target for FY 2025 is still for a margin above 30%. But just, you know, any comments on at this point how you feel about consensus margins for FY 2023? The second one, just in terms of any comment that you can make on the major infant formula recall in the U.S. and how that might impact your business in the second half or next year? Whether you can confirm, you know, in HMOs that you do have more than one customer in the U.S. would be helpful. Thanks. Good morning, Alex. Thank you for your questions. I will take the second part of your questions about infant formula, address that, make some general comments on the margin before I pass it to Lise for more specifics. You know, I don't wanna comment on customers recall or specific situations. I think they are best to comment on that. The only thing that I can reaffirm is that as we have seen in the first half of the year and in Q2, our HMO business continued to deliver on the direction that we have provided. We expect that business to grow above 20% for the year, and we see good tracking on our HMO business. We do have more customers and more than one customer and continue to sign up more customers for our HMO solutions, where, as you know, we are commercializing you know, the top five HMOs and producing those successfully. As part of your questions on margins, we have sort of confirmed our long-term financial ambitions. We want to be clear about that. We are not giving a guidance or on fiscal year 2023. Lise can comment on the details, but a good point for you to think through is we are saying that the prices are implemented with a time delay, therefore, there will be a positive carryover from pricing as we enter fiscal year 2023. But Lise, on to you. Yes. I can maybe add that it's fair to say that whatever we are doing right now, implementing price increases on an annualized basis once implemented, is offsetting the extra costs that we are looking at at the moment. We live in uncertain times, inflation might you know accelerate again, and then we will go out with further price increases. I think that's also very much the name of the game in the markets these days. Thank you. Our next question comes from Christian Ryom with Nordea Markets. Please go ahead. Hi, good morning, and thank you for taking my questions. I have two as well. First is to sort of the phasing of the impact of price increases on the top line this year. You've implemented price increases here start of the calendar year. You're now implementing more here in April. When we look into the next fiscal year, just the annualization impact of the price increases implemented in this fiscal year, how will that play out? Will we see a pricing increase next year that could actually be larger than the impact that we're seeing this year just from the increases already being implemented or in process of being implemented? That's the first question. The second question is whether you can comment on the impact of the latest COVID-19 wave in China and how that might be impacting your outlook for that market. Thank you. Thank you, Christian. I'll take the question on China and pass it on to Lise for pricing. You're right to point out, actually, the lockdowns in China are becoming quite severe. We see that in the ability to, you know, continue to sort of see a positive development on the market. Transportation is under pressure. Execution of normal business practices is under pressure. I know that our team has limited ability to visit customers in China. You know, given that, I think we are quite positive that we were able to have a slight positive development on our business in China. As I've said, we don't expect, you know, any significant growth in the underlying fermented category in China. We believe that our business in China will be flat to slightly positive for the year. It just doesn't enable us to further accelerate the commercialization and momentum with customers given the strong implementation of the lockdowns in China. Lise, you wanna comment on the pricing part? Yes, of course. Yeah. Obviously, we don't give guidance at this point in time for the next fiscal. But you are right to assume that, you know, a full year impact, everything else being equal, and that's very tough to say at this point in time, will be above 3%. Okay, great. Thank you very much. Our next question comes from Søren Samsøe with SEB. Please go ahead. Hello, everyone. Yes, first I had a question regarding Health and Nutrition. You of course saw very strong organic growth. As I understand it, you assume that there has been some stock building, but have you actually heard anything concrete from some customers? Historically, you've been quite good at saying, you know, one or two customers have been the cause of that. Have you received any concrete input from your customers that there has been stock building? Secondly, what have you actually built into your guidance? Have you already assumed that it's stock building, so the growth will come down significantly in the second half in Health and Nutrition? Thank you. Thank you, Søren, for the good question. Obviously, health and nutrition, and particularly human health, was a strong driver of our Q2 performance. As I said, you know, the growth in human health in Q2, just to continue to give you more color, you know, was strong across key categories in all regions. We saw strong growth in the women's health category in Asia, and that was driven by the combined strength of our UREX platform with the HSO acquisition as well of the Astarte strains. I'm very happy to see that, let's say that acquisition and our strategy and our bet in the women's health category playing out. Second, Europe benefited from the, let's say, more dynamic traditional channel growth, where it plays to the strength of our Chr. Hansen legacy business together with our strength in solution, let's say flexibility and broader offering following the acquisition of UAS Labs. I don't believe in any of those markets there has been any inventory built up. Okay. When you go to the U.S., the U.S. growth was largely driven by new launches and strong volume demand from customers. I would not say inventory or stock building, but yes, pipeline building for the new launches that are largely taking place this spring. What we said is we said we expect the growth to normalize in H2, let's say not to go negative, but we have seen a very substantial growth in Q2. We see continued good momentum in our human health business, and we expect that to, you know, normalize to, you know, the growth we have seen before. It's a positive development in our Health and Nutrition business, driven by human health. Okay, thanks. That's helpful. If I can just take one more question regarding the margin and the impact from price increases. As I understand you, and please correct me if I'm wrong then, you won't see the real positive impact to margins of price increase until maybe sometime in Q4. Mechanically, without giving guidance or anything, if you don't get as big and fast price increases next year in raw material prices, will your price increases then hit, you can say more for the, you know, for the full year next year positively on the margin? Søren, we have implemented the first round of price increases at the beginning of the calendar year. Obviously, part of those price increases will have a positive impact as of Q3 and Q4. We are implementing a second round of price increases this month that will have limited impact on Q3, more impact on Q4. The combination of the first round and second round will obviously have a carryover effect into next year. I think what Lise explained is that assuming no further inflation, these price increases will compensate the inflationary input costs that we have seen this year. Should there be additional inflation, then, you know, we will need to go with another round of price increases. Does that clarify your question? Lise, is there anything more we want to add on this? No, I think that's pretty much it. Okay. It doesn't sound like you're seeing sort of a reset of the margin. I also assume that you remain confident in your sort of long-term or midterm margin expectations of more than 30%. Exactly. That's also what we say in the announcement. We do acknowledge that it's very uncertain times, but this is still our ambition. Thank you. Our next question comes from Lars Topholm with Carnegie. Please go ahead. Yes. Thank you. Congrats with the exceptionally good quarter. Well done. I have a couple of questions as well. Going back to the discussion about price increases, I would like to understand for H2 alone, what kind of price impact you're seeing. I mean, it was plus 1% in FC&E in the first half of the year and neutral in Health and Nutrition. If it's 2%-3% for the full year, does that mean 4-5% for H2? And if it does, what does that imply about your guidance for volume mix? Because as I see the low end of your guidance, total organic growth should be around 2%. And if there's four coming from price, that implicitly means volume mix could be negative. I just wonder if that's correctly understood. I have a follow-up question on the margin discussion because Lise, you explained that energy costs are hedged near term, but when that hedge runs out, there will be a visible impact on your input cost. Is that impact handled by the price increases you are implementing this month? That was the question. Thanks. Lars, thank you, and thanks for the congratulations on Q2 results that we received with a lot of humbleness. I think my thanks go to, you know, all of our employees that have really worked under very challenging conditions to deliver a strong growth and a strong profitability in the first half of the year. I'm sure people really receive a lot of pride on your words. Thank you for that. Lise, you wanna comment on the questions around pricing for H2 and the margin and energy question? You're right to assume, Lars, that the pricing impact isolated for H2 will be probably in the range of 4%-5%. That's true. Then you talk to the lower end of the guidance, and that's exactly as I also said, you know, that we've actually widened the range in times of uncertainty. In particular, the situation with Ukraine, Russia, that is the scenario that could potentially take us as low. And then ma-ma-ma- And, uh- The price increases, if they cover the energy cost increase you see after your energy hedging. Yeah, I can talk to that, also, Lars. Remember that energy cost is only 5% of our cost of sales. Of course it has an impact for us, but it is fair to assume that in the greater scheme of things, this is something that can be managed within what we're doing now. Then of course, again, I have to say, this is everything else being equal, because we don't know whether we need more rounds of price increases, and if we need them, we'll make them. That's very clear. Thank you for answering my question. Yeah. I have another one, but we'll jump back in the line. Thanks. Yeah. Just for closing, Lars, I would say that we have continued to see good momentum in our volume growth. I think when you look at Food Cultures & Enzymes in our solutions, they represent a small percentage of the cost for customers. You know, obviously no pricing negotiations with customers are easy and, you know, every conversation about prices takes a lot of energy and time in our organizations and the customer's organizations. But we have not seen a you know volume impact due to these specific pricing negotiations with customers. No, I understand that Mauricio, but even though you're a small part of input cost, I think everybody else who represents the rest of your customers' input costs are also increasing prices. Maybe it's not that straightforward. Absolutely right. I hear what you say. Absolutely right. Thanks. Our next question comes from Georgina Fraser with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead. Oh, hi. Thank you. Good morning, Mauricio and Lise. Thanks for taking my questions. I was wondering if you could elaborate a bit on your costs by breaking out which are the key items that have been driving your margin headwind expectations. Maybe if you could give us a sense of the split of the headwinds between freight, logistics, packaging, and raw materials, or at least a sense of which are the biggest pain points. Maybe you could also remind us what percentage of costs are carbohydrates for fermentation. Then my second question is, and I think, Lise, you might have slightly answered this already, but if you could say a bit more, your new growth and pricing guidance implies quite a range of volume outcomes for just the second half of the year. Just if you could elaborate a bit more on what's driving the uncertainty there, given we're already, you know, six months in. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you, Georgina. I think we have provided in the call a good breakdown of our cost without getting into sort of more competitive sensitive information. I would pass it on to Lise, but I think unlikely we split that any further down from the nice pie chart we have. Yes We have provided. On your question about volume, you're right. I would reiterate it's uncertain times. I think the lower end of our guidance would imply a slowdown in volume growth from Russia, Ukraine, to Eastern Europe, and a general slowdown in momentum in the second half. But we're obviously, you know, optimistic on the upper end of our guidance to continue to see, let's say normalized volume with the benefit of the price increases that was just mentioned in the answer to the last call. Lise, I'll pass it to you for the question on the cost breakdown. I can confirm, Mauricio, that what we shared in the Slide nine, this is where the comfort level lies with us in terms of sharing details on our cost breakdown. One important point is- Thank you. Yeah. Oh, sorry. One, one point- Of course. Yeah. It is of course that energy is one of the very highlighted points, and we wanted to share that is only, so to say, around 5% for us. Yeah. I think the key thing that I was looking for is really, if you could just break out, you know, what might be a soft commodity exposure versus a kind of petrochemical exposure, which would be the energy, the freight, the logistics, and packaging, right? If you could help us on that. Unfortunately, Georgina, we don't share those details. Okay, great. Thank you. Our next question comes from James Targett with Berenberg. Please go ahead. Hello. Good morning, everyone. Yeah, a couple questions. Firstly, I'm gonna, sorry, try and come back on the cost base. My question is really not on a breakdown of cost, but it's really on, you know, what level of inflation you are sort of baking into your margin guidance for this year for your cost base. And also maybe, you know, what kind of level of cost efficiencies that you're also expecting to deliver. I'm really just trying to understand, you know, the moving parts in the cost base to get to your margin guidance. The inflation figure would be particularly helpful. And my second question's on Russia. Can you just remind us the how the Russian business is sort of split, you know, relative to the group in terms of FC&E and Health and Nutrition? What the growth rates have been of Russia historically to get an idea of if it has been, you know, accretive or not to group growth. Also if your customer mix in Russia is very regional, or sorry, local, or there's a big international exposure there. Thank you. Thank you, James. I will take the question on Russia and pass it on to Lise on cost inflation. Lise, Russia has historically. It's a market that has a heritage of dairy products for sure. It has gone through different phases. You know, there was the time of the you know, ban of European cheeses to Russia that largely developed a local cheese and dairy market in Russia. You know, I will not go into details of growth by market, but if you wanna make an assumption, you can just take the average of our EMEA growth and apply that to Russia. I would say it's not a particularly high growth market or a particularly low growth market, probably average over the period. As far as the customer composition, it has a composition of a balance between international customers and local customers. When you talk about international customers that have a large presence in the market, you know, you have the large international companies that have made investments in Russia that are part of our customer base, as well as local customers. Limited component, I would say, of regional customers. Now, to your part of the question about Health and Nutrition and Food Cultures & Enzymes, most of the business in Russia is really Food Cultures & Enzymes, limited in human health. We have stopped everything that we consider non-essential. Basically, we are not selling, let's say, you know, wine cultures, animal health, products, plant, health products, other. We're really focused on dairy, Food Cultures & Enzymes, and human health, infant formula, and probiotics. The most of the business is really related to dairy and Food Cultures & Enzymes. Lise, on to you for the cost inflation. Yes. As said, James, the reason behind taking our EBIT margin expectations down is the accelerated inflationary pressure. As such, we don't see any production disruptions coming in here. The cost inflation to our cost base is assumed to be in the round of 10%. Okay. That's very helpful. You know, just in terms of, you know, cost efficiencies, I'm just trying to understand if, you know, if these are being stepped up significantly this year, if there's any way you could kind of size the level of cost efficiencies this year versus a regular year? It's a good question, James, because if you basically look at the equation, we will pass on price increases to compensate for the input cost inflation. We will continue to drive our productivity improvements as a way to drive our margin expansion. That means that you know, in an inflationary environment, we need to double down on our productivity opportunities across all the different areas in Chr. Hansen, and that's a key priority for us as we look at the path forward. Okay. Thanks very much. Our next question comes from André Thormann with Danske Bank. Please go ahead. Thanks a lot for taking my question, and good morning, everyone. My first question is in terms of human health, where I just wanted to understand whether you're still seeing competitors having supply issues in human health and whether that have given you tailwind, and also looking into H2, whether you expect that to continue. My second question is whether you could quantify the negative impact on EBIT from Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus that you expect in 2022. Thanks a lot. Thank you, André. You know, it's a very challenging supply chain market in human health. I think we have continued to benefit on our you know on the work for our group, even though ourselves, we also find this to be challenging. We have had some opportunities because of you know inability to supply from some of our competitors, but my best assessment is that that will normalize over time, and that's why we say that we expect also our growth to normalize in the second half of the year. Lise, on to you on the negative impacts from Russia, Ukraine. Yes, André. We have included reduction of our revenue in that region due to the ongoing war. Usually we've been saying that we had, you know, around 3% of our revenue from Russia, below 1% for Belarus and Ukraine, and now we say totally for the region, we are down to 2%-3%. We've taken our top line expectations down. The only other thing I can comment on is, as Mauricio said, the donation that we have planned as part of our operational expenses is going to be of EUR 1-2 million. Okay. EUR 1-2 million negative impact on EBIT from this region. From donating, yes, the profit that we have from continuing parts of our operations in Russia. Okay, cool. Just a small follow-up in terms of the first thing that you said, Mauricio. Just to be sure, are you having any supply issues or are you seeing any supply issues in H2 for human health, or is it still just the competitors? You know, it's a very challenging supply market and it's difficult to predict that. That's why, you know, the wide guidance that we provide is because we cannot predict how this will continue to develop. It's getting more difficult to source materials due to the Russo-Ukrainian war. It's getting more difficult to secure some materials from China as well. I think we have a robust team and a good supply chain. We expect not to have any disruptions, but it's a very challenging environment out there. Okay. Thanks a lot. Next, we have a follow-up question from Lars Topholm with Carnegie. Please go ahead. Yes, it's actually a question about Russia. Now you donate your Russian profits, but is that the same impact as if you completely cease to sell to Russia? And the reason I ask is I assume you have some transfer pricing, which means that part of the profit you book on whatever ends in Russia is actually booked in Denmark. Also illustrated by the fact the EBIT impact from your donation is smaller than Russia's share revenue. So if you decided theoretically tomorrow to pull out of Russia, would we then see an earnings impact which is bigger than if you just donate profits? And of course, how much bigger, if the answer is yes? Thanks. Lars, it's a very complex question you are asking with many nuances. We'll try to give the transparency that we could by sharing that we expect the profit of the business in Russia to be between EUR 1 million-EUR 2 million. We're very happy to provide you further details to understand better where you're going, but this is. No, my question, Lise, it's basically if your gross margin on what you sell to Russia is materially different from your group gross margin. Because if you then lose or give up the revenue, I assume the incremental margin will be higher than what you are implying if you just donate profit. It's again, it's a good question, Lars. At this point in time, this is not a scenario that we have included in our guidance. No, that's exactly why I We're happy to take that one, Lars, on a one-on-one basis. You're getting into a quite complex topic also related to transfer pricing. We probably have time for one more question, if there's an additional question before we wrap up the call. Yes, we have a follow-up question from Søren Samsøe with SEB. Please go ahead. Thank you. Yeah. Yes. Thanks. It was regarding HMO. If you could tell us if you have seen more approvals of multi-strain products among your customers, and also if the bottlenecks that was part of causing the downgrade of the Jennewein acquisition more than a year ago, if those bottlenecks in HMOs have now finally been fully solved. Thank you. Thank you, Søren. Yeah. I can definitely confirm that the investment that we made in the facility in Germany, in Bremen, but to debottleneck the production of HMO has been successful, and we're able to produce to all the volume expectations and demands from our customers. That is ongoing. We do have more customers signed up for, you know, HMO mixes of different HMOs, and obviously continue to engage our dialogue with most of the leading infant formula manufacturers on their level of interest and unique solutions for HMO. It's a market that is, you know, as you know, emerging and developing fast. We are committed to deliver the growth that we commented this year of above 20% and tracking well towards that objective. Can you try to put some words or quantify or just give us some insight into how important it is that they are using multi-strain or mixes rather than just single strains into the products? You know, I think, Søren, what I would mention is the following. As you know, 2-FL has been the most common, commonly used base in HMO. I think, you know, the market for 2-FL will probably see several competitors and has less of a differentiation, right? It's the one that is being produced with more volume. I think, we enter the HMO market because we believe it has innovation, and scientific opportunities that are consistent with the Chr. Hansen value proposition, and therefore continuing to develop unique HMOs and unique HMO blends for customers is the route where we are going. To your point, it is important. It's important for the differentiation, it's important for the value proposition to customers. I think it's important also on the value proposition for the consumer that you get that HMO mix that is unique to the value proposition from our customers to the consumers. Obviously, it's more value accretive to have a unique mix in our offering to customers. Hope that provides you a little bit more light into this. With that comment, I would like to thank everybody for participating in today's call, and we look forward to continue dialogues in person or virtually over the coming days and weeks. Thank you so much.