Welcome to everyone in the room, welcome to everyone on the line to the lunch meeting at the Novo Nordisk Nine Months Roadshow. I'm Richard Vosser, European Pharma Analyst at JP Morgan, and it's my great pleasure to host Novo today. And I'll just get out the way and hand over to Karsten for a few introductory remarks, and then we'll go to Q&A. Karsten? Great. Thank you, Richard Vosser, and thank you to JPMorgan for hosting Novo Nordisk here at our Q3 roadshow presentation. As you can imagine, we're in a very good place. It's amazing results at Novo Nordisk these days, growing more than 30% top and bottom line organically, and very good progress on pipelines, SELECT readout, FLOW, insulin. Pleasure to be here this quarter. I'm here with Camilla Sylvest, our Head of Commercial, Corporate Affairs and Commercial Strategy, and Martin Lange, Head of Development. This is really the dream team being here. So, we're ready to a lot of questions, and we'll do a brief presentation, 10 minutes or so, just as a warm-up, and then we'll do the full Q&A after that. So, hopefully you have some exciting questions to share with us. So just reminding you about that we'll be talking about the future, and the future has a tendency to fall out slightly different than what we believe or even significantly differently. So, that's the name of the game. So now we're all aware about that and reminded about that. And then, as a company, we are communicating through our strategic aspirations. Every quarter, we keep ourselves accountable to our progress on our strategy execution, and this quarter, I'd just like to mention a few highlights without going through the full deck. So first of all, in terms of why we're here as a company, this is really to reach patients, to make a difference for patients and society to live better lives with diabetes, obesity, et cetera. This quarter, we reached 40 million people living with diabetes. So we've been around for 100 years, and not 100 million years. We would look a little bit older, but we've been around for 100 years, and now we reach 40 million patients. But what's even more remarkable is that the acceleration you've seen in our business performance, that's a function of reaching 4 million patients more just during the last one year. So the pace in which we are reaching more patients is higher than pretty much ever before, and that is a function of the innovation we're bringing out there in the form of Ozempic in diabetes, Rybelsus also, and really meeting needs of patients on a global scale. So just want to share that one. Then we've reached a couple of really important milestones. So first of all, according to IQVIA MAT, now we are at exactly one third of the global diabetes care market, measured in value, market share. So 33.3% global diabetes value market share, which is the target we set up for 2025. Now, we've reached that already in late 2023. And then for obesity care, we'll come back to that, but we reached DKK 30 billion in nine months, and as you know, we had a target, on aspiration of DKK 25 billion, more than DKK 25 billion by 2025. So really good progression and performance behind our strategy execution. Martin will talk further about the pipeline and on financials, 33% sales growth and 37% operating profit growth at constant exchange rates. I think the numbers, they stand for themselves, and of course, that yields attractive cash flow generation and capital allocation to shareholders through dividends and share buyback. I'd call it almost a Novo classic, but at a higher growth mark than normal. And then also Camilla on commercial performance. Yeah, thanks a lot, Karsten. 33% sales growth driven by both of our operating units, international operations and North America operations. You see majority of the growth coming from North America. When we look at the regions, we have double digits in all of the regions that you see mentioned here. And when we look at therapy areas, you see that the primary part of the growth is driven by obesity, but also by GLP-1. So it's really Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus that drives the vast part of our growth. When we look at insulin, in particular in IO, you see the negative growth. It's primarily impacted by VBP in China. So just to say, without that VBP, volume-based procurement effect of China, we have positive growth in insulin, also in international operations. Obesity for the first time in the U.S., is now adding more growth contribution than diabetes in the U.S. alone. So that's, of course, sort of a new paradigm in our growth of the future. And then you see rare disease still being impacted by production problems, and that basically just means that we see a negative growth in that space. If we just move on to zoom in a little bit on obesity, we see 174% sales growth in the first nine months of this year, primarily driven by the U.S. You see also here how, on the bar chart, the U.S. and North America has lifted the sales contribution, and we basically see that more than 95% of the sales growth is driven by Wegovy as of now. You see on the right-hand side that, we have done, you know, launches in more countries than just the U.S. But in the U.S., you also see that we have been restricting starter doses, as you know, to make sure that we can cater for patient continuity. So, that's what you see the effect of here. And of course, we are looking at significantly scaling our supply also for next year. We have launched Wegovy in international operations now in five countries. First two countries like the U.S., we've seen a very, very high demand. So as a consequence of that, when we have launched in U.K. and Germany, we are focused on a more restricted amount of supply into those markets so that we from the get-go could communicate around that and could ensure patient continuity. Those two markets are generally, we have decided to launch in those because we wanted to focus on governments that have been wants to be working, of course, with us on Wegovy to make sure we could get Wegovy to those most in need. So in the U.K. via NICE and in Germany via new disease management program that is in the making in Germany at the moment. So those were the opportunities that we are pursuing, but in a more controlled and restricted fashion than what you've seen in the U.S. and in Denmark and Norway. With that, over to Martin for more on the pipeline. Yes. Thanks very much, Camilla. So as you probably know, it's a lot of fun to be in R&D in Novo Nordisk these days. We see progress across the pipeline. We see very nice readouts. And while investor relations didn't want to give me a slide on SELECT, I do want to give a shout-out to SELECT, and next week. Because obviously we are looking forward to getting to share more data than just a 20% lowering in risk of getting myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death. And so much more in SELECT and, please tune in next week. It's gonna be incredibly exciting, we think. Being on SELECT and being in the spirit of SELECT and really not disclosing very much, you also know, we announced that we will close down the FLOW trial. That is a reasonably large outcomes trial in the nephrology space, approximately 3,500 patients being randomized to trial semaglutide 1.0 mg or placebo. The primary endpoint of the trial is a composite endpoint of 5 components, where three components are looking towards kidney progression, either in terms of measurements of eGFR being reduced by more than 50%, eGFR going below 15, or patients going through dialysis or kidney transplant. But also looking at mortality caused by kidney death and mortality caused by cardiovascular. That obviously is interesting, and based on that five-point primary endpoint, a DMC a couple of weeks ago recommended us to close down the trial based on efficacy. And obviously, the last three words, based on efficacy, is pivotal. They could also have recommended us to close down the trial for futility. So based on efficacy is good news. You will also see on the slide, the study was powered for 20% difference between the semaglutide arm and the placebo arm on the primary endpoint. In the spirit of SELECT, we've given the same guidance to the DMC. The power is one thing, but if we are to stop on an interim analysis, we have to be absolutely sure. So the guidance for them to stop was substantially above 20% in terms of differential towards placebo. So you should expect something like that when you see the data. So incredibly exciting. My problem is, your problem. I haven't seen the data, and I'm not gonna see the data for another couple of months. But as soon as we have them, we will share them with you. Just as a teaser, there will also maybe be an authority endpoint being disclosed on SELECT in a couple of days. If we look at the broad R&D milestones, again, progress across the board. In diabetes care, I may want to point out CagriSema. We've initiated the phase III program for type 2 diabetes. As you know, we have a lot of aspirations and very high aspirations for CagriSema and obesity, as well as in type 2 diabetes. And we are already finalized with the pivotal recruitment for the obesity program. So really, really happy days in the CagriSema world. IcoSema is gonna be incredibly exciting. You know, we have a combination of icodec, once-weekly insulin, with semaglutide, once-weekly GLP-1 analog. That holds a tremendous potential from an efficacy and from a safety perspective in type 2 diabetes patients. And obviously, we are looking much forward to the readout of the pivotal trial in first half of next year. Then maybe I've already mentioned SELECT. There may be one additional thing to point out. We've done the regulatory submission to the U.S. FDA and to the European authorities couple of weeks ago, without going into details. And a couple of days ago, we received a message from the FDA that they have granted priority review for SELECT. I have gotten a question or two on whether that was based on us using a voucher over the last couple of days, and the answer is no. There was no use of voucher. This is basically based on the FDA criteria for what constitutes a priority review. Subcutaneous and oral amycretin, we'll see data on oral amycretin in a couple of months, but we are sufficiently confident but also enthusiastic around the concept of amycretin, that we've also initiated subcutaneous dosing, and you will see us if the data support our aspirations to fast progress the amycretin project. In rare disease, we have our first approval in the RNA space based on nedosiran for primary hyperoxaluria, which is obviously very exciting from our perspective. And then I want to call out, obviously, first half of next year, then we will see results from amycretin. So with that, back to you, Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen. Yeah. Thank you, Martin. And this is just on the financial outlook for 2023. So since we pre-released, there are no changes to what we pre-released earlier. So we've increased our outlook for the full year. So now our top line growth outlook is between 32%-38% sales growth for the year constant exchange rates. So very high growth rate amongst the highest in the history of the company. Then we have adjusted for FX movements compared to when we guided for the second quarter. So stronger US dollar yields lower negative impact on FX compared to what we've seen earlier. The offset to that is, of course, hedging and then net-net, a stronger cash flow linked to the stronger operating performance. The step up in cash flow is lower than what you would expect from the operating performance, and that's a function of the fact that we've executed on a couple of business development opportunities, including the KBP transaction that we disclosed recently. So, that's the outlook for the year. And now we're ready to move into Q&A, and we have our Head of Investor Relations, Daniel Bohsen, to pick across the group for questions and answers. And I would be surprised if he doesn't give the first question to our host. That is, exactly correct, Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen. As always, we'll give the first question to the host, and let's stick with one question, and then we have a chance to do several rounds. So Richard, over to you. Okay, one question, please. Richard Vosser, JPMorgan. This year we've seen margin expansion as the top line growth has outpaced the ability to invest. When we think about the future, how should we think about the speed of pipeline development and business development, and whether that can keep pace with sales growth? Karsten, I think that's over to you. Yeah. So first of all, with this level of sales growth, and given the fact that we have paid for our infrastructure, so to say, it's natural to get margin accretion, margin improvement. It's not a target in itself, it's just rational business logic. And of course, we run a rational business. Ultimately, what we want to do is we want to pursue innovation-based growth, and we want to do that short, medium, and long term. And that's why we really want to invest in our business to succeed on that. And that means that our resource allocation is really to invest in scaling supply, investing in our commercial growth drivers. And here, right now, it's really about obesity market development and GLP-1 penetration, globally, and then building a long-term growth opportunity through our R&D pipeline. And I think it really stands out too, with R&D growing 40% on a year-to-date basis, in terms of investments. And that is where you should see that as a function of a strategic importance for the company to invest in the long term in the company. But also a rational approach that we believe that the investment opportunities we have, that they're creating a rational and attractive return for our shareholders, otherwise, we wouldn't be doing it. So that's the approach. How that, then, adds into margins is also a function of business development and the structure of our business development transactions. I would say our overarching on business development, just to cover that one priority, first of all, strategic, it is about fit into our key therapy areas, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular, rare bleeding, as our top priorities. Then, we need to see the scientific attractiveness and unmet need, and then we need to see the financial case. Then given the profile of our company and our growth profile, our preference is to go for early-stage assets, because that's what really builds the long-term growth opportunity for the company. So net-net, high growth yields, margin improvement, not being a target in itself because we want to invest for growth. Thanks, Karsten, and thanks, Richard. We will move on. We'll go to Charlie, down there. Please state your name and organization. I forgot to say that before. Thank you. Charlie Mabbutt from Morgan Stanley. So you showed a slide yesterday on patient opportunities and different comorbidities. I'd be interested to hear your thoughts on which of these you see as most ripe for disruption from a GLP-1 perspective, and where you see the biggest opportunity to drive high adoption. I don't know, Martin or Camilla, who wants to- I think it should be both of us. So I can start from the clinical perspective. We have to think this in, again, from our portfolio perspective, because obviously there's a big, big potential for Wegovy in and of itself, but actually, we see even bigger potential, for example, for CagriSema. I think we would be remiss, obviously, not staying with obesity. Huge potential, both in terms of volume, but also in terms of the impact we can make to patients. The cardiovascular disease area, and this is both ASCVD as we've seen it with SELECT, but I would encourage you to maybe also to look at some heart failure data when we see SELECT data on Saturday next. This is where we potentially see a big upside with the GLP-1 analogs, including what we will see with CagriSema. There will be quite a number of additional disease areas and opportunities, but I think the big three will still be diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. ... Exactly. And so of course, we are aligned on that from a commercial point of view, the unmet need is very big in those areas. And, when we are looking at sort of growth waves for the future, it's about building on indications, both to semaglutide, but also to future compounds. And we take a proactive strategy on how to look at what are the potentials within those compounds, what can they do, and in, of course, in related therapy areas to our core diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular. So maybe later we will talk about, FLOW, but when you look at renal opportunities, then of course we know that just an example, of 40% of people living with type 2 diabetes also have chronic kidney disease to some extent, and that just means that there is a big potential, whereas 30% have cardiovascular disease. So many of these cardiometabolic diseases are interrelated. And just to add from a commercial point of view, it means that by expanding, for example, the label on Ozempic, we can slowly, from a commercial point of view, get access to target groups, where we later then can focus in on the actual target group. For example, be that being, you know, the cardiovascular label on Ozempic, now us moving into cardiovascular disease. So that's a way we can stay focused on our core, but still expand to new therapy areas. Good, thanks. We'll move over to Peter Verdult first, and then Laura afterwards. Thanks, Peter Verdult, Citi. I've got a few, but I will stick to the rules, just one for now. It's not lost on us that Ozempic scripts are now declining, and judging by the incoming we're getting, even today from multiple investors that are beginning to become concerned. So is this just a function of periodic supply constraints, utility management stepping up, something else? But can you, I think people are looking for reassurance as to, you know, how quickly, it's basically a follow-up from yesterday's question, Lars, how quickly can we reverse those deteriorating trends? Thank you. Thanks, Pete. I don't know, Karsten, supply and script in U.S., can you comment on that? Yeah, I can start out, and then Camilla, you can add in also. So yes, you're correct. I'm always super careful not to, you know, forecast and guide on new to brand scripts because it is volatile in nature. I would say when we look at the old category, we have a category, the GLP-1 category, which is, you know, on an MH growth basis, growing 50%. And it's a category that started out back in 2005. So really growing at this pace speaks to the benefits of the existing treatments. And then on the short-term dynamics, clearly supply. Do bear in mind when supply is tight, then companies, or I'll talk as from a Novo perspective, then of course we adjust our commercial tactics also. An adjustment to commercial tactics could be items like how much are we sampling in decision practices? And how much are we doing in terms of DTC activity? And of course, if that pressure is lower than at other periods, that of course has some impact on new starters. That's the logic of, you know, promotional tactics. And then finally, the promotional tactics also spills into social media. We see social media also tapering off over the last few months. And then I would say finally, in a fast-growing category, then of course, payers are looking at really ensuring that it's the right patients that get reimbursed and stepping up their what they call utilization management criteria, really to ensure that they have proper documentation for the patients getting insurance coverage for, say, Ozempic. And it's not beyond the label, but it is just, you know, stricter requirements in terms of blood glucose levels based on the right lab test, et cetera, that needs to be documented in the right way according to new standards in order to get insurance reimbursement. Those are the factors, and I'll say we are very, very confident that the runway for GLP-1 and obesity is very attractive for many years to come. Thanks, Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen, and we'll. Yeah, already ready with the next question. Thanks. Laura Hindley from Berenberg. So my question is on the Wegovy rebate adjustment. Can you give us some guidance as to the absolute figure in Q3? How much of this was a rebate adjustment? So a true one-off versus a reflection of actually just more people paying out of pocket than you anticipated earlier in the year. And then, what percentage of Wegovy and Ozempic use is via insurers versus out-of-pocket in the U.S.? Thank you. Jørgensen, I'll over to you also on that one. Yeah. Yeah. So yes, we had a favorable rebate adjustment to Wegovy in the third quarter. And it's important to note that for launch products or young products, you don't have a lot of experience in terms of exactly what channels and what payers, and hence what rebate rates are being paid on those products. So there's no magic in the fact that there are rebate adjustments for a product like Wegovy. And so that's the starting point. It turned out different compared to our expectations, not because of some specific actions in the markets, but just due to the fact that we had provided for more in rebates than what it turned out to be when we got the actual rebate claims in from the PBMs. ... In terms of channel mix, et cetera, I'd say one driver was a non-rebated business, which is a composite of different factors. So it's not only, you know, pharmacy cash, and the non-rebated was around 10% as we're looking at it. Yeah, I think that's as detailed as we'll go today on this topic. Thanks, Lars, and thanks, Laura. We'll move to Richard. Hi, yeah, Richard Parkes from BNP Paribas Exane. On Lilly's call yesterday, they stated that they'd looked at, they were asked about stay time, and they said they'd looked at experience with Wegovy and that they didn't think that that was a good guide going forward, given your supply constraints. Which kind of implies that maybe stay time that you've been seeing hasn't been as good as you might be hoping, and it was the one thing on your call yesterday you didn't sound that confident about. And I know the answer is likely to be supply disruption, but is there any comfort that you can give to investors that, you know, that what you're seeing currently is due to restricted supply rather than patient behavior? Thank you. Camilla, over to you. Some time, insights we can share. Thanks a lot. So definitely we've had some disruptions with Wegovy, and it's too early days to give you the exact stay time. But of course, anecdotal evidence is very strong in terms of patients' appreciation of being on Wegovy. And we know from Denmark, for example, just to give you some insights, that the majority of the patients actually continues to stay on the product. Also, this was launched in the beginning of the year. At this point, the majority of the patients continue to stay on the product. So we also know that stay time also often is impacted by the drop-off in the first few weeks. That can be for many different reasons. It can be either not picking up at the pharmacy, access not really working out, or of course, people, dropping out because of other types of issues or nausea or other things. But it's mainly within the first, few weeks, and then from there, we know that, that people are more likely to stay on. So the real exact number of stay time, we will only know in a while from now, but we will continue to describe that as good as we can from our real-world evidence data, to you. But, no doubt that, we expect a much longer stay time on Wegovy than what we've seen on Saxenda in the past. Thanks, Camilla. We are ready for the next question. We have one in here. Yeah? Hi, this is Keith Adeen from Redburn Atlantic. I have one question, if I may. The question is about the Treat Obesity Act. It would be great if you could share your thoughts with us. Do you think is it dead, or as we have heard, or, if not, what do you expect action? Thank you. Camilla, over to you again. So no, we don't think the Treat and Reduce Obesity Act in the U.S. is dead. It does require bipartisan change in regulation for it to be enabled. And of course, over time, it will be important to have also that group of patients enrolled on obesity treatment, which is today not allowed in that segment. Having said that, I want to also reiterate that today we have access to 50 million Americans that have access to Wegovy in the commercial segment. And we also have a number of states that provide access to Wegovy via the Medicaid, so the most poor people, I think around 14 states that give access this way. So we do have, compared to the less than 1 million people on Wegovy today, there is significant access, even in the commercial segment and in the segment for the most poor people. So of course, the Medicare Part D is important, and we continue to work towards that, but there is already a very big access. That means that in the U.S., that means that 80% of people are paying no more than $25 a script. Thanks, Camilla. We'll move to Peter Welford here. There's a mic coming, Peter. Thank you. Can I ask a question on CagriSema, please? Just with regards to the phase III trials in obesity are fully enrolled. Can you just talk a little bit about, firstly, when you can go to regulators with those data, or you also require data from, I think, the sort of shared cardiovascular study that's part of the Type 2 diabetes program, to be able to submit for obesity? I guess I'm not sure what the hazard ratio sort of requirements are necessary for obesity versus diabetes drug approvals with the FDA. Is there any reason why you think with CagriSema, with those data, we should expect a bigger disparity, I guess, between obesity and diabetes, versus what we see with semaglutide alone in the two different indications as far as how the drug performs relatively for these sort of weight loss HbA1c reductions? Yeah. Martin, that one's for you. Yeah, absolutely. So first of all, we will require data from REDEFINE 3, which is the cardiovascular outcomes trial that is covering both diabetes and obesity for regulatory submission. That is actually not on time critical path in the way that we designed the program. So at the end of the day, you should still expect to see when we see readouts of REDEFINE 2, 1 and 2, we'll also be able to do the regulatory submission soon thereafter. When it comes to differentiation, we've discussed the weight loss. The weight loss potential of CagriSema is big. We're currently assuming at least 25%, which is obviously in a non-diabetes population, really good. When it comes to diabetes, we've seen superiority over semaglutide on glycemic control to the tune of 0.4 percentage points. That is in a reasonably short study, and the way that cagrilintide acts, we can actually expect to see an even bigger differential with longer treatment. Obviously, we had to show that in phase three, but that would be our expectation. I think the big differentiator in diabetes will actually be on weight loss. Our current assessment is we will see at least 20% weight loss with CagriSema in type 2 diabetes, and that is, without comparison, the best and most differentiated that we've seen, comparing to anything else out there. Thank you, Martin. We'll go to Emily. Hi, thank you. Emily Field from Barclays. Just a follow-up question to your earlier answer, talking about the excitement around the cardiovascular benefits of semaglutide. Where do you currently stand on running primary prevention studies, particularly in light of those being run by your competitor, and you've had SELECT now and really gone through it? I think in the diabetes space, it makes sense, and we're actually also doing a primary prevention study for Ozempic as we speak. The event rates, and that's the nature of cardiovascular outcome trials, you're dependent on events when it comes to both the sample size, so the size of the study and also the duration of the study. The event rate in obesity for cardiovascular events is low, so it requires bigger trials, and it requires potentially longer trials, or it requires that you define events or composite of events that may not be acceptable from a regulatory perspective. Typically, from a regulatory perspective, you have to look at three-point MACE. And that basically means that depending on your purpose, if you have a clear regulatory purpose, you also have to either expect a very, very big differential or you have to figure out a probably large sample size. We don't expect to pursue primary prevention for Wegovy, but we would not rule it out when it comes to CagriSema or amycretin or some of our other offerings in our pipeline. Good. Thank you, Martin. We'll take the question here, and then we'll- Hi, it's Colin White from UBS. I was just wondering, ahead of the HA, if you could give any perspectives on the commercial regulatory importance of the benefit of each component of the MACE that we might see? The commercial part, I would need to Camilla, but on the only thing that we have disclosed is that all of the individual components were contributing to the primary endpoint. And again, the individual components, myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. We've not said to what extent, and we've not said if they are equally distributed. The only thing that we mean by that sentence is they are all on the right side of unity, and they are all supporting the assessment of the primary endpoint. So in opposition to previous outcome studies, where you may have seen one of the components going in the other direction, you don't see that here. But, again, you'll have to wait until Saturday to see that, and that's- Camilla, commercial perspectives on SELECT? Yeah, on the commercial perspective, we already see now just with the top-line results out, that there is keen interest from payers and policymakers to understand what does this mean and to enter into discussions on reimbursement of Wegovy. It's clear that this is a landmark trial that provides a lot of evidence and data for us also going forward, understanding much more about obesity. So there are many aspects of this data set that is relevant for payers and policymakers already- Great ... at this point, before the release. Sorry, Camilla and Pete, you were so unusually disciplined before with only one question, so you'll get another one now. I'll try and stay disciplined. Pete from Citi. Just taking a breather from, from GLP-1, maybe Camilla. Just the outlook for the insulin franchise globally, I mean, VBP in China is ended, but I know there's more coming. You have big reset in the US this year, IcoSema. So my question is, do you still believe, I mean, you got a lot of criticism when you launched Tresiba, saying it deserved a premium and didn't get anywhere. What's your mindset going into the IcoSema launch? And just high level, how are you thinking about the outlook for insulin going forward? Yeah, so IcoSema and icodec provide a great offering to patients. It's a once-weekly treatment, has never been seen before. Everyone can imagine that a once-weekly injection, we've seen it even in GLP-1, that's much more advantageous than once-daily. Actually, now we've talked a lot about scaling and supply. There's also just having to ship, you know, for once-weekly treatment instead of a once-daily treatment is also an advantage for us. We are, of course, looking at from a supply point of view, how can we make sure that we can utilize the presentations that we have in a much smarter way, and their once-weekly is just an added benefit as well. And then finally, I want to say also, we only hold approximately 33%-34% market share in the basal segment, so there is an opportunity for us to also take share in that segment with the first once-weekly insulin. Thanks, Camilla. Thanks, Pete. We have a question down here. Hi, Rajesh Kumar from HSBC. Just thinking forward, if we look ahead in, say, towards end of 2024, you would have your—potentially your competitor would have launched their obesity product by then. They clearly are preparing various strategies, not or to have less of a supply issue as you had. You are expanding your capacity? ... What point do you think the supply becomes less, less of an issue for the overall GLP market? And how does the competitive pricing model work from that point? Karsten, considerations on supply? Yeah, could you just repeat, was it for the obesity market or the, obesity and diabetes? The overall GLP-1 market. The overall GLP-1 market. So, and thank you for taking a slightly longer perspective, because I think that's the right approach on this one. So the starting point is we see just based on the demand we see now, and we've seen for the last number of years, that GLP-1s are making a difference for patients and prescribers. So this is not a push market, really, this is about the market really understanding the benefits of GLP-1 treatments on a number of parameters, A1C, weight, cardiovascular risk reduction. So we've checked that box, and then it's really about market penetration. When we look at the runway for GLP-1s, we've been talking about in diabetes, that only around 5% of global diabetes scripts are for GLP-1 today. So the runway is very sizable, both in magnitude and in duration. And I say, when I travel the Novo world and talk to our GMs, they are really pulling to get more Ozempic. And the step-up opportunity in their local businesses is very significant. So that's the strategic premise. And given the market structure, the two companies that are scaling into this market, so I do believe that there's space for both in this market. Now, I'm just talking diabetes because it makes it a little bit simpler. So long runway and plenty of space for two companies to scale on a global scale, scale globally. And then in obesity, again, in obesity, and just to give you some hard numbers to get the sense of it, more than 800 million people in the world living with obesity, according to WHO today. So, and Camilla spoke to the U.S. setting, more than 100 million people in the U.S. with obesity, 50 million with obese people in the U.S. with Wegovy reimbursement, and treatment of less than 1 million today. So this is a volume-based market expansion strategy with ample space for more than one company. So that's why it is not the classic well-defined market where companies are fighting for share. This is about building the markets. So I would be less concerned about tough price competition for a number of years, and more focused on global volume penetration and volume development. Because, you know, the incumbents in the market, they're gonna scale significantly over the coming years, and hence, less focus on price competition. And then you could say, "When are you out of supply constraints?" And then I would say, given the global magnitude of the opportunity, I, without knowing competitor supply capacities, then I do believe it'll be a number of years, several years before this market is unconstrained on a global basis. Thank you, Lars. We have room for a few more questions. We'll take... There was one here before. Yeah. Jacob, just behind you. Yeah. Hi, Manos Mastorakis from Deutsche Bank. So as you're now basically moving into cardiology with SELECT, and so on, just if you can give us an update on the guidelines, and when do you expect those to get updated, and how important is this eventually? But also, as you're venturing into cardiology, how are you—has your—has the way that you look at cardiological, you know, therapeutic areas, such as hypertension, cholesterol-lowering, ApoB and so on, has your view of those changed, or how you look at it from a competitive perspective, just would begin to understand that. So I sense a couple of questions, but if we do brief answers, then let's try to take the matching. So the medical guidelines, and afterwards, Camilla, our strategy in CVD. Yeah. So medical guidelines, once we have the SELECT data out, we'll be working with the key opinion leaders who write the guidelines and who own the guidelines, to see if we can see an update of the diabetes guidelines, the obesity guidelines, but certainly also guidelines within the cardiovascular. And potentially, for example, either based on SELECT, but potentially also on FLOW for kidney guidelines. So that's the approach that we usually take. You already now see GLP-1s being mentioned in the diabetes and some obesity guidelines. And obviously, based on SELECT, we aim to expand that. Yeah. And, from a commercial point of view, of course, as I spoke to before, so we are addressing the cardiovascular disease area from two angles, one, with specific cardiovascular assets, ziltivekimab, and others that we have in our pipeline. And we are also expanding approaching from diabetes and obesity with label, expansions in those patient segments. So it's a two-way approach to get to that therapy area. That also means from a sort of pure cost point of view, we can de-risk some of the expansions that we need to do to enter into the cardiology segment. Thank you, Camilla. And I think we'll take the last question before we wrap up, and then management will stay around a little longer. But Richard, as the host, I think you will get the last question. ...Thanks. Just on, we haven't talked sales forces for ages, so, and icodec is launching maybe next year. So, you know, what do you need in terms of sales forces at the moment? Do they need to step up to for an insulin relaunch, if you like? How should we think about that, and maybe DTC as well, does that restart next year? Camilla, sales force strategy is what you can say at this point in time. Without going into specific segments, we of course want to make sure that we are competitive in every segment that we operate in. That goes for GLP-1, insulin, and other spaces. At the moment, we will also be there for icodec when we launch there. At the moment, we are also, of course, spending a lot of time with our reps, trying to explain, you know, some of the periodic out-of-stock situation that there can be, but also in obesity, to talk about what is obesity, why does it need to be treated, and so on. Then finally, I would say there's also a moment in time now where we actually can experiment a little bit more with more digital solutions for the future. which, you know, I think everyone here understands that, there's a high demand for our GLP-1 products at the moment, so it gives us a little bit of leeway to test out a few things in the marketing and sales area, that we can benefit later on from when the competition maybe get more intensified. This concludes the Q&A, but Karsten, any final words from your side before we close the call? Yeah, thanks, Daniel, and thanks to the audience and the ones listening in from remote for listening in to our Q3 call. Thirty-three percent sales growth in the first nine months is remarkable in a Novo setting, and I think also in an industrial setting. It's a sign of the innovation we've brought to market, really meet patient needs. I spoke about how many patients we're reaching, 40 million in diabetes. So we're on an innovation-based growth strategy, delivering this year, setting out for attractive growth also in the years to come. So we're happy to come back with our full year results and guidance for 2024, come late January. Then I would just like, on a final note, just to remind you that we have a Capital Markets Day coming up in March, to go deeper in a number of our business topics. So hope to see many of you there in person or virtually. So with that, have a great rest of the Friday, and thank you for listening in.