Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to Nokia's Third Quarter 2023 Results Call. I'm David Mulholland, Head of Nokia Investor Relations, and today, with me here in Espoo, is Pekka Lundmark, our President and CEO, along with Marco Wirén, our CFO. Before we get started, a quick disclaimer: During this call, we will be making forward-looking statements regarding our future business and financial performance, and these statements are predictions that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may therefore differ materially from the results we currently expect. Factors that could cause such differences can be both external as well as internal operating factors. We have identified such risks in the risk factor section of our annual report on Form 20-F, which is available on our investor relations website. Within today's presentation, the references to growth rates will mostly be on a constant currency basis, and where we refer to margins, it will be based on our comparable reporting. Please note that our Q3 report and the presentation that accompanies this call are published on our website. The report includes both reported and comparable financial results and a reconciliation between the two. In terms of the agenda for today's call, Pekka will give a quick overview of some of the announcements we've made this morning, along with our financial progress in the quarter. Marco will then go into a bit more detail on some of the key factors influencing our financial performance, before Pekka gives a brief conclusion and we move to Q&A. With that, let me hand over to Pekka. Thank you, David, and thank you all for joining us today. Before we talk about our financial performance, I wanted to actually start and explain some other announcements we have made today, because we are taking decisive action on three levels: strategic, operational, and costs. We will accelerate our strategy execution by providing our four business groups with increased operational autonomy and agility. This will enable them to better address opportunities in their distinctive markets. They will be empowered to faster diversify beyond service providers, build new ecosystem partnerships, implement new business models, and invest for technology leadership. We are also streamlining our operating model. We had in 2021 created four P&L responsible business groups, structured around unique customer offerings, but supported by a shared sales organization. We will now embed the sales teams into the business groups, so the new model is the one that you will see here on the right-hand side, on the slide. These dedicated sales teams, with a strong product and customer connection, will enable business groups to better seize growth opportunities and diversify into enterprise, web-scale, and government sectors. This change will bring highly empowered teams in front of customers that are able to make quicker decisions based on their needs. The company will also move to a leaner corporate center with strategic oversight and guidelines, for instance, for financial performance, portfolio development, and compliance. We will continue our strong commitment to long-term research through Nokia Bell Labs. In the face of a more challenging market environment, we will reduce our cost base to secure our profitability. We are moving quickly to lower our cost base on a gross basis by EUR 800 million-EUR 1.2 billion by the end of 2026, assuming on-target variable pay in both periods. Nokia expects to act quickly on the program with at least EUR 400 million of in-year savings in 2024, and a further EUR 300 million in 2025. The program is expected to result in a 72,000-77,000 employee organization instead of the approximately 86,000 employees Nokia has today. Overall, this represents a 10%-15% reduction in personnel expenses. The exact scale of the program will depend on the evolution of the market demand in the coming years. We do expect net savings, but the magnitude will depend on how inflation develops. If we now turn to our financial performance in Q3, we saw an increased impact on our business from the macroeconomic challenges, which are pressuring operator spending, and that resulted in a 15% year-on-year decline in net sales. Gross margin at 39.2% declined only slightly versus the previous year, and I'm happy to see a sequential improvement in gross margin in Mobile Networks. However, it is during such challenging times that the business proves its resilience, and that is exactly what we see when we look at the operating margin, which was 8.5% for the quarter. Network Infrastructure sales declined by 14%, with most business lines declining, with the exception of Optical Networks. IP Networks sales declined by 24%, reflecting weakness in North America as customers continue to evaluate their spending, as well as small declines in other regions. The 19% decline in Fixed Networks was broad-based, exacerbated by tough comparisons to the corresponding quarter a year ago. Fixed Networks was also impacted by customer spending in America, as well as some inventory digestion. There was a small decline of 5% in Submarine Networks, which related to product timing. The growth in Optical Networks of 4% was primarily driven by India and showed the continuing momentum and customer engagement with our PSE-V solutions. Pleasingly, gross margin in Network Infrastructure improved year-over-year, while operating margin was somewhat resilient at 1.5%, a decline of 80 basis points. In Mobile Networks, we saw the regional trends of the first half continuing in Q3. North America sales were impacted by the challenging macro environment, and as customers continued to digest inventories. India grew significantly year-over-year, but the pace of deployment has slowed significantly compared to H1. There were declines in most other regions, with the exception of Middle East and Africa, which had modest growth. Gross margin declined year-over-year, reflecting the regional mix, but we did see sequential improvement and expect further improvement into Q4. Operating margin also declined to a lesser extent as it benefited from positive impacts of other operating income. As you can see in the bottom left of the slide, over the last 18 months, we have gained over 3 points of market share in the overall RAN market, excluding China, a real testament to the improved competitiveness of our products. Cloud and Network Services delivered a more stable performance in Q3 with a small top- line decline. We are happy to see that the growth in enterprise solutions continued, but was offset by small declines elsewhere. Operating margin in Cloud and Network Services expanded by 290 basis points, somewhat also benefiting from other operating income. We take a moment to understand the evolution of the digital ecosystem today. We have visualized on the slide, as we have visualized on the slide that you can see on the screen. This slide brings together the ecosystem of CSPs, hyperscalers, enterprises, and developers working together to bring new capabilities to market, to enable Industry 4.0, the Metaverse, and many other new types of value. Our network monetization platform, which delivers Network as Code to the ecosystem, launched in September, brings the ecosystem together through APIs to enable seamless connectivity, whereby enabling new use cases to help CSPs and enterprises take advantage of the opportunities created. We have created this platform, which once again, we call Network as Code, organically, bringing deep, deep knowledge and understanding of networks, enterprises, and the developer community, which puts us firmly at the forefront to help operators monetize their advanced 4G and 5G assets using network APIs. We want to empower a new wave of enterprise and industrial applications that can utilize the network in a much more programmable way. We have seen significant interest from operators globally and have already signed four strategic agreements. Raghav will go into more detail on the work we are doing in this space at our investor event in December. Nokia Technologies declined 14% as a result of the same two items that have impacted prior quarters in 2023. Our Q3 run rates remained at EUR 1 billion, stable compared to prior quarters. We remain confident in our ability to return to the EUR 1.4 billion-EUR 1.5 billion run rate that we had been in the past, as we complete the smartphone licensing renewal cycle and further expand into new growth areas. It is worth noting that renewal negotiations also continue with certain other smartphone companies. We also passed a key milestone recently. We now have over 6,000 patents declared essential to 5G. And then, turning briefly to our enterprise performance in Q3. Net sales grew by 5% in the quarter and have now reached approximately 10% of the group net sales on a four-quarters rolling basis. This is well aligned with our ambitions and have no intention to slow down expanding into this area. Private wireless grew at a double-digit rate once again, and we now have approximately 675 customers. Overall, enterprise remains a key part of our strategy, and we are pleased with the progress here, despite the macro uncertainty we have been seeing elsewhere in the business. So with that, let me turn it over to Marco to comment on our financial performance in a little bit more detail. Over to you, Marco. Yeah, thanks, Pekka. And let me start by commenting on the regional performance of our business. And we saw continued year-over-year growth in India, where the net sales grew 121% in the quarter, and this was driven by both Mobile Networks and Network Infrastructure. And as we indicated last quarter as well, we have seen some normalization in the region in quarter three, and we expect the pace of deployment to continue to slow. We saw declines in most regions, and notably in North America, where we saw the largest impact from the macroeconomic, as well as from inventory digestion that Pekka referred to as well, and this led to a decline of 40% year-on-year. If you look at the operating profit in the quarter, you can see here that the magnitude of the decline was driven by Mobile Networks. This reflected the regional mix that has been impacting the business through the year, namely due to increased levels of sales in India, and then, of course, the lower sales in North America. Network Infrastructure, we, you can see here that it was rather resilient despite the overall top-line decline. Cloud and Network Services showed some progress in the quarter, while Nokia Technologies declined, and the Group Common change was minimal, as venture fund performance was flat year-on-year. Turning to our cash performance. Our free cash flow was - EUR 400 million in the quarter, and was mainly driven by continued outflows in net working capital. This largely reflected an increase in receivables and an increase in liabilities, while inventories declined slightly. In the quarter, we returned EUR 260 million to shareholders through dividends and share buybacks, and we ended the quarter with EUR 3 billion of net cash. While our cash performance has been quite weak year- to- date, we do expect net working capital headwinds to ease in quarter four, and for cash performance to improve. Next, looking at our total addressable markets, we saw further deterioration in the quarter, namely in Mobile Networks, and to a lesser extent, Network Infrastructure. Mobile Networks' addressable market is now expected to decline 9% as the macro uncertainty continued to adversely impact our view. Clearly, our market has seen a challenging environment this year, but we do still believe in the mid- to long-term attractiveness of this space. And then finally, turning to our outlook. While our third quarter net sales were impacted by the ongoing uncertainty, we expect to see a more normal seasonal improvement in our Network business in the fourth quarter. And based on this, and assuming also that we solve the outstanding renewals impacting Nokia Technologies, we are tracking towards the lower end of our EUR 23.2 billion-EUR 24.6 billion net sales range for 2023. And we continue to track towards the midpoint of our comparable operating margin range of 11.5%-13%. And with that, back to you, Pekka, for some final remarks. Thank you, Marco. To summarize, our third- quarter performance demonstrated resilience in our operating margin, despite the impact of the weaker environment on our net sales. In the last three years, we have invested heavily to strengthen our technology leadership across the business, giving us, giving us a firm foundation to weather this period of market weakness. We continue to believe in the mid to long-term attractiveness of our markets. Data traffic is, is expected to continue to grow 20%-30% per year, and actually the big picture is pretty simple. I mean, the whole world is talking about cloud computing and AI revolutions, and there are huge expectations on both. But neither of the two, cloud computing or AI revolutions, will materialize without significant investments in networks that have vastly improved capabilities. So that's why we believe that this is a question of timing, but however, since that timing of market recovery is uncertain, we are now taking decisive action on three levels: strategic, operational, and cost, as I described. So I believe that these actions will make a significant contribution to creating value for our shareholders. So with that, over to David for Q&A. Thank you, Pekka and, and Marco, for the remarks. Before we start the Q&A, I just wanted to highlight that, as Pekka mentioned, we do plan to hold an analyst and investor progress update event on the 12th of December at our headquarters in Espoo, Finland. We hope many of you will be able to join us in person, and registration details will be coming out next week. At the event, we will have presentations from Pekka and Marco on the evolution of our operating model, along with an update from Tommi Uitto on what we're doing in Mobile Networks, along with Raghav Sahgal on Cloud and Network Services. With that, let's start the Q&A. As a courtesy to others in the queue, please limit yourself to one question and a brief follow-up. Alice, could you please give the instructions? We will now begin the question-and-answer session. If you are also viewing the video webcast, please remember to mute the audio on your computer before asking your question, as there is a 30-second delay. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your telephone keypad. If you're using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. To withdraw your question, please press star then two. I will now hand the call back to Mr. David Mulholland. Thank you, Alice, and we'll take our first question from Alex Peterc from Société Générale. Alex, please go ahead. Yes, good morning, and thank you for taking my question. My first question would be really on what we should read into your substantial new cost-cutting plan. Is that merely what you think is required to get you to 14% margins by 2024? Or should we also read it as that you plan for potentially a longer and more protracted deeper downturn in your end markets? You know, without guiding on 2024, could you give us some sense of direction there? I have a quick follow-up. Thank you. Yeah. Thank you. What comes to our long-term target, we have said that we aim to reach that by 2026. We haven't given any more specific on that. And when it comes to 2024, so we cannot give you any guidance on that yet. We will get back to that in our quarter four report. Otherwise, the cost- cutting program, we are taking actions now to be prepared for the market conditions that we see right now. And as we said also, that depending how the market evolves over the next coming years, how much we will basically do the cost cuttings and what levels we will get, and that's why we're giving you this interval as well. Really, if I add one thing, the key thing here really is to be prepared for various scenarios. We are not saying necessarily that this would be a long downturn, but the thing is that it is impossible to say exactly how long it will last. We just want to be prepared for different possibilities. Do you have a follow-up? Thank you. Just a very quick follow-up. You do note the ongoing inventory reduction at your customers that affect your top line, and it was very visible in the quarter. Could you help us understand where you think we are in this destocking cycle at your mobile and fixed network operator clients in major geographies? Thank you. Yes, Alex, this, I mean, the inventory digestion obviously varies by customer, but things do continue to trend in the right direction. Some customers are more advanced than others in terms of reaching their desired levels, and it continues to impact Q4, given the pace of rollout of several networks has slowed. But the big picture still is that we expect this to be much less of a topic in 2024. Thank you, Alex. We'll take our next question from Simon Leopold, from Raymond James. Simon, please go ahead. Thank you very much for taking the question. I want to see if you could maybe unpack a bit about what's informing your confidence in the seasonal improvement for 4Q and just remind us what your views are on what is normal seasonality, just so we've got a reference on that. And what I'm looking for is whether it's around products or around geographies, just what's kind of the build to that confidence? Thank you. Yeah, absolutely. Thank you. Normally, if you look historically, we've seen the normal seasonality, if you compare between quarter three and quarter four, that there is about 20%-25% uptick between those two quarters. And this is how our customers usually buy from us, and also their delivery schedules are based on this. What comes to this year, this is what we see right now, that we have some regional differences as well. We have said that India is slowing down, just like we've said already in quarter two, that we see that during the second half we see more normalization in India. But then, of course, we see other customers and other regions as well, that there is normal seasonality trend, and this is why we expect the quarter four to be an uptick. And of course, here as well, I just want to remind you that we have assumed that we will sign the agreements in the tech side, which are in the litigation right now. Do you have a follow-up, Simon? Yeah, just maybe a quick follow-up and more just philosophically. Does the increased BU autonomy imply in any way that the company is more open to the idea of either some divestitures or separation of any kind? Can people read that into this structure? Thank you. Hmm. Well, as I said, the purpose or the reason why we are doing that, i.e., increased autonomy to the businesses, is really to accelerate our strategy execution. And we are removing any kind of remaining complexity in the organization, in the interface between the sales teams and the business units. So that is really the driver, to create smaller autonomous units so that they will be able to, in a way, control their own destiny when it comes to the markets expansion, to non-CSP businesses, entering into technology and other partnerships of their own, without having to negotiate or coordinate always with other businesses. So this is really the driver in all this. But, having said all this, I mean, we have said, if you remember our strategy pillar presentation from already from the Mobile World Congress, active portfolio management is one of our pillars, and it continues to be. So you have seen some moves earlier, earlier this year on RFS and on the cloud infrastructure deal we made with Red Hat, and absolutely this type of things will continue to be on the agenda also going forward. Great. Thank you. We'll take our next question from Daniel Djurberg, from Handelsbanken. Daniel, please go ahead. Thank you very much, and good morning, gentlemen. My first question is a little bit on these, if you can give us any preliminary restructuring charges needed to reach the new sales model and lowered employee base, both perhaps to the EUR 400 million that you expect for 2024. We saw EUR 95 million, I believe, no restructuring charges or restructuring charge in Q3. And also, if for the full, you know, close to EUR 1 billion mid-range of the total, cost out that we should expect until 2026. Thank you. Thank you, Daniel. Just want to start with, excuse me, saying that what comes to cost program, cost out program and organizational involvement that we are doing, those are two separate issues and not connected itself. So the reason for the reorganization when it comes to sales resources is not cost- cutting, it is more to secure that we have the best customer interconnection and can serve customers in the best possible way. What comes to the cost-cutting program, just like we said, we estimate to have already EUR 400 million in-year savings next year and EUR 300 million in 2025. What comes to the restructuring, one-time charges and cash out, they will be close to the annual savings that we achieve. Those usually go hand in hand, and this is something we see is quite typical as well. Did you have a follow-up, Daniel? Yes, this is obviously a sensitive matter, but still important, given your outlook on the guidance, the visibility into the IPR renewal outlook today versus a quarter ago, given the outcome we've seen in various courts, rulings recently. Yeah, just like you said, we've seen a very good development on different courts outcomes that we've been on a winning side, and that's why we are very confident on the quality of our patents. And that's why we believe also that we should have a positive outcome in these litigations and negotiations that we have. And as we said, that in our guidance for this year as well, we assume that we will finalize these negotiations with these two outstanding customers in the tech side. So this is pretty much what we can say right now. As you understand, the timing is always difficult to estimate, and we always said also that we prioritize defending the value of our portfolio over specific timelines. Thank you, Daniel. We'll take our next question from Felix Henriksson, from Nordea. Felix, please go ahead. Hi, thanks for taking my question. Regarding the cost savings and the headcount reductions that you've announced, I want to hear your thoughts on what are you sacrificing while taking these actions? Is there any implications for R&D, sales, etc.? And sort of will you have to sort of accelerate recruitment again once the market sort of picks up and becomes more favorable? Thanks. Yeah, thank you. Thank you, Felix. First of all, we are really making structural changes in the operating model and in the group structure in general, with exactly that aim that what we are now cutting would not automatically have to be recruited back when the market picks up. So we expect some type of permanent structural improvement of our cost base. What is important to keep in mind here is that when we are doing the reductions, we will always protect the R&D output. There is obviously very interesting opportunities to improve R&D productivity through new technologies. We have already seen that in the right hands, for example, AI copilots are significantly improving the productivity of software development, for example. So there are opportunities in terms of R&D productivity, but we are clearly going to always defend our ability to deliver R&D output. Then when it comes to sales resources, obviously, the sales reorganization and simplification of the organization that we are now doing is providing some potential, but ultimately, the sales resources will be scaled in accordance with what we see in terms of opportunities on the market. And then when it comes to SG&A, that is clearly an additional source of savings that we are seeing, and it is a meaningful part of the overall potential in the program. Thank you, Felix. Well, did you have a follow-up? Yeah, yeah, just a quick one regarding the market demand. So just want to hear your thoughts on whether or not you actually think that the market can turn for the better without sort of these killer apps that can actually improve 5G monetization for your telecom customers, or because it sounds like that the current sort of headwinds that you're facing are perhaps also going beyond the inventory corrections and the macro slowdown I foresee. Yeah, this—I mean, this is obviously one of the most important strategic questions for the whole industry going forward, because a key reason why operators have been hesitant with their investments has been that their 5G monetization has been slower than expected. And the reason for that has been that it has been difficult for them to introduce new applications that would take advantage of the capabilities of 5G. And what we really need is, first of all, in the Network Infrastructure, we need a standalone core with capabilities like slicing. We need more capacity in the radio interface, which is to be achieved through 5G midband. But then very importantly, we need to make the network more programmable so that it's easier and faster, and less costly for application developers to bring new use cases to the market. And this is where the Network as Code platform that we introduced to the market during Q3 comes in. It is a platform that includes a set of APIs with the goal to make the network programmable. And what I do want to emphasize is that we have developed this organically within the R&D budget that we have. We have excellent feedback from customers. We have significant traction from the market. As I mentioned, we have four deals already, and there is clearly more in the pipeline. This is one of the key focus areas that we will be delivering more information in Raghav's presentation in the December investor event. Thank you, Felix. We'll take our next question from Richard Kramer from Arete. Richard, please go ahead. Thanks very much. Pekka, the first question is, you know, you had this infrastructure progress update this summer, which highlighted, you know, that you were coming into new product cycles and IP routing and optics, as well as looking forward to big U.S. government funding projects and fixed. Are you now seeing that infrastructure is no longer driven by product cycles as it was before? And can you give us an update on where the hyperscaler wins that we've long hoped Nokia would be able to deliver, where you are on realizing those? Thanks. Well, we are working on several hyperscale opportunities right now, but as of today, there are no new news. Hopefully, there will be soon. So that remains to be an attractive opportunity. In general, when we talk about Network Infrastructure, and I guess especially the network architectures and the product cycles in routing and optical, and then I comment fixed access as well. But there is obviously now with the new technology cycles, including what we are delivering in routing through FP5 and the 800 Gb services, and then the optical platform PSE-V. The combination of these two is enabling completely new network architectures in the metro and regional networks, where the key driver is really a new generation of 400 Gb and 800 Gb services. We are, of course, trialing already, 1 Tb, 1.2 Tbps. We are able to deliver it. We are able to deliver 800 Gb services, over 2,000 kilometers, which is, a real technology leadership position in the whole world. These are the drivers that are pushing network architectures to new boundaries, and we see no slowdown, in this type of kind of product-driven or architectural development, evolution of the networks. You saw that, the Optical Network business, in terms of volumes, has been more resilient than the other businesses. So this is all good, but at the same time, obviously, the CSPs are taking a very critical look on their investments also in this area because of the macroeconomic situation. But our relative position here is pretty strong. Then in terms of fixed access, obviously, the comparables are pretty tough now because we had substantial growth in that business, both in 2021 and 2022. When we get into 2024, we do expect to start getting support from government-funded programs, especially the BEAD program, in the U.S., the $42 billion high-speed internet grant program, where we estimate that our accessible market is about 10% of that. We have since the announcement in July, where we announced that we would be starting manufacturing that would be in compliance with the Buy America requirements, we have had significant traction from several service providers, including Tier 2 and Tier 3 service providers, that will be making investments and getting funding from the BEAD initiative. So this will start coming gradually during 2024. In general, when we talk about the demand for Network Infrastructure, there is here and there interesting evidence that hopefully we would now be through the low point in terms of demand in Q3 in terms of new orders. And we would expect that gradually the market would start recovering. But again, it is too early to call it a broad-based recovery, but we are seeing signs here and there. So that's why we definitely continue to believe in the potential of Network Infrastructure. Thank you. And maybe a quick one from Marco. Yeah, a quick follow-up from Marco. You know, just so we can understand it, does the rise of reaching 10% of enterprise sales within the mix, does that have a near-term dilutive or positive impact on margins, given you obviously are expanding your product portfolio there, and you need to do your sort of go-to-market model, but at the same time, enterprise historically has had very healthy margins? Yeah, thank you for the question. We haven't specified the margin in enterprise side, but as we said that we believe in this sector very heavily and our ambitions is to grow in this sector. And this is one of our strategic pillars as well at the group level, that we believe that this will create new opportunities, just like I think I mentioned already in Network Infrastructure side. In IP side, we have increasingly introducing new offerings to our customers in the web-scale side, where we are still quite small. And this gives beyond the normal market development, this gives the new opportunities for growth in NI as well. Thank you, Richard. Thanks very much. We'll take our next question from Andrew Gardner from Citi. Andrew, please go ahead. Thank you, David. Good morning, all. I just wanted to come back to the seasonality you're calling out in the fourth quarter. And Marco, you described the normal seasonality, I think, in particular, with reference to Mobile Networks and Network Infrastructure, so, you know, low to mid-20% sequential. But at the same time, you're also telling us that India's off the peak and, you know, volumes are coming down, so that is a headwind, all else being equal. And, I think, Pekka, you mentioned as well that there's still some impact from the inventory cycle in the fourth quarter. So what would be offsetting those two headwinds to get you to a more normal level of seasonality in the fourth quarter? Yeah. As I said, we see different areas and different customers, and that their plans are, we see potential increase in quarter four, and this is how we have based our forecast as well. And we've seen that when we gave the quarter two report as well, that the second half would be more skewed towards quarter four, and quarter three would be a lower one. And this is exactly how we've seen the development so far. So this is where we have based our assumptions in our forecast for quarter four as well. Is it possible to help us a little bit in terms of the, you know, the region or two that might be a little bit better than normal as a result of that? I just, obviously, we've had your competitor, Ericsson, earlier this week, and I fully take your point that the phasing through the year for the different operators and different vendors is going to be a little bit different, depending on exactly what you're doing for them and, and, you know, where in the country. But just, you know, it would be helpful to understand where you might be seeing a better trend in the fourth quarter. Yeah, we haven't given any specific guidance on this, but if you look, different businesses as well and how they performed in quarter three, and Pekka alluded to this as well, that we believe, for example, that in NI side and Network Infrastructure side, we perhaps have seen the low point now. There seems to be some signs of improvement on the market as well. And then, of course, to be added, maybe it's obvious, but of course, in Cloud and Network Services business, we are again expecting a seasonally big quarter in Q4. And then in the forecast, there is, of course, for the technologies business, the assumption that we close the ongoing negotiations with OPPO and vivo. On India, maybe one comment. Our India business last year was EUR 1.3 billion, and now we have year- to- date, EUR 2.5 billion. There was a big sequential drop in Q3 compared to Q2. So now we are getting to levels which would be closer to what we said earlier, that in a way, the new normal run rate, when we then look into 2024 and 2025, would be somewhere between EUR 1.3 billion in 2022 and wherever we will land this year. So this is something that is important to keep in mind, in terms of India. So there was already a big sequential drop between Q2 and Q3. Thank you, Andrew. We'll take our next question from Sandeep Deshpande from JP Morgan. Sandeep, please go ahead. Yeah. Hi, thanks for letting me on. I'm trying to understand actually now going into 2024, clearly you are adjusting your cost base as well. But on the top line, I mean, if the U.S. doesn't show signs of significant recovery, and India, as Pekka just mentioned, is going to be between 2022 and 2023, so it's going to be down from 2023. Then unless something else is going to kick in on a full- year basis, Nokia could see quite a big drop in revenues as such, really. So, I mean, maybe you can help us understand how you are thinking of that. Clearly, you're not giving any guidance, but how you're thinking of 2024 at this point as such, really. And I have a quick follow-up after that on the cost. Yeah. As you understand, it is too early to provide a full view on 2024. However, the macroeconomic environment clearly remains the key factor as we head into next year. We do not know where the market will take us in 2024. I mentioned some early positive signs, especially in the Network Infrastructure business, that could start providing support in 2024. But the reality is that there are so many macro uncertainties out there that we simply should not assume that we get a lot of support from the market next year, and that is why we are now taking decisive action on cost. So we believe that this is a win-win. If then there is a fast recovery on the market, and we have taken cost action, then it's even better. But we want to be in a position to get to that 14% comparable operating margin by 2026, also in a scenario where there would not be a fast, significant market recovery. That is the point here. Thanks, Pekka. I mean, on your cost, just a quick follow-up on your cost position, in terms of, you know, what you've announced in terms of cost reductions and what we've seen in the most recent quarter, I mean, your sales fell very substantially short in the third quarter, but your gross margin wasn't that bad. It was quite good. I mean, maybe, in that respect, where are the costs going to be taken out? Is it mainly in the OpEx that you're taking out costs? Because, the problems don't seem to be on your gross margin line. There seems to be, I mean, so maybe you're removing costs into the future because you think that your overall cost, operating cost base is too high. Yeah. Thank you. Yes, we actually, in the plans that we have now for the cost-cutting program, we aim to cut about 70% from is coming from the OpEx side, and 30% is coming from above gross profit side, so cost, cost of goods sales. So this is the split that we are aiming to do. Saying that, I want to emphasize once again that our aim is to protect the R&D capacity so that we will continue to aim for technology leadership position in the future as well. That's why it's so important, the R&D capacity protection. That obviously has a direct connection to the product technology competitiveness. Your observation of the gross margin is excellent because our technology position and product competitiveness has been improved a lot in the last couple of years. That is now, of course, extremely important when we aim to defend our gross margin also in weaker times. Thank you, Sandeep. We'll take our next question from François Bouvignies from UBS. François, please go ahead. Thank you very much. I wanted to come back, I'm afraid, on the cost side. So I understand that the industry is going through a slowdown, that it maybe takes more time than you expected and maybe a bit deeper. But the magnitude strikes me a little bit because, you know, you can do cost saving, but it's not because of you have one-year delay that you are just 10%-15% of your workforce. I would imagine it's a very important strategic decisions also on top of your realignment, or reorganization, I should say. So, you know, you talked about the fundamentals don't change, you still believe in it, and the data growth is one that you mentioned as an example, but yet, you know, your top line is not, and you said that the operators are struggling to monetize this data growth, anyway. So I'm just wondering, given the magnitude of this cost savings, what literally changed, you know, beyond the timing element? Because it seems that it's much deeper than just a timing issue, if you see what I mean. And the second question I had is a bit more on the technology side of things. Can you maybe tell us 6G, you know, should we expect 6G at some point? If yes, when, and the impact of Open RAN, I mean, an update on Open RAN, if it's impacting your business at all, right now? Thank you. Okay. All right. Well, what I would first of all like to point out is that the, t here is a reason why we gave a range and not a definitive number in terms of the cost reduction. So 10%-15%, that is a wide range, and that will depend exactly on the timing and the shape of the market recovery, because we know that it will come. It is a question of timing. It may sound a lot, but we believe it's doable without sacrificing the R&D output, as said. You have to remember that our most important market from a profitability point of view is the North American market, and now we have two quarters behind us, where we have 40% drop in top- line. And, when we look at the operator plans there, we know that there will be a recovery, but again, we do not know when it will come, and I'm not sure if the operators themselves either understand yet or know yet when they will start increasing their investments again. So this is all only, I mean, the question is simply being prepared. If then there is a fast recovery, then it's super good. We have lower cost, and then we get the benefits of a recovery. But we feel that it's better now in this situation where there is so much uncertainty to, in a way, go all in, and then it's always easier to take then a step back if for some reason you have cut too much somewhere. But we believe that this at least 10% is fully doable without, without sacrificing some of the most important things, which are, which definitely is, is, R&D output. Then your second question, the timing of 6G. I mean, there is obviously a lot of discussions now within the operator community that how how that game should be, should be played because they are all, now thinking that: "How do I monetize 5G?" They've been disappointed, on their own ability to monetize 5G, and then there is the weak economy and high interest rates and so on. I mean, the base case continues to be that, that, 5G would, start. Sorry, 6G would start delivering, around 2029, and then maybe volumes in 2030. So there would be roughly 10-year difference between 5G and, 6G. This is still uncertain. There could be changes, but this is the base case we are working against. I don't actually think that the number five or six is the most important thing. The most important thing is that what will the applications be and what will they demand? If we expect that the data traffic will continue to grow 20%-30% per year, and then little by little, we will start seeing completely new types of use cases. For example, driven by augmented reality, various types of immersive use cases for consumers, for video conferencing, for industrial applications, and so on, and so on. There's a lot like this in the pipeline, and you have seen the Apple announcement on the AR device. We believe that there will be a race where there will be a lot of new devices driving bandwidth usage in the coming years. If that happens, we are looking at somewhere around 2026, 2027, 2028, when most of the 5G frequencies will have been exhausted, which means that new frequencies for new capacities will be needed. They must be allocated. And once that is done, the very important thing for everybody, including operators or consumers, will be the cost of that bandwidth. How do we make sure that we deliver the services as cost- efficiently and with as little power consumption as possible? And that will require new generations of silicon. It will require new innovations in terms of massive MIMO in the radio interface. If you want to call that 6G, fine, but I don't think that matters. The driver is really what the new applications will need, and there, our expectation again, is that when we get to 2027, 2028, the capabilities of 5G will gradually start to be exhausted and something, something new will be needed. Thank you, François. All right. Thank you. Thank you. We'll take our next question. Sébastien Sztabowicz from Kepler Cheuvreux. Sébastien, please go ahead. Yeah. Hi, everyone, and thanks for taking my question. On fixed broadband access, some industry analysts are now targeting roughly stable market development for the next five years, and you have been historically quite constructive or positive on the growth prospect for fiber going forward. Have you seen any major change in market dynamics on fixed broadband access? That would be my first question. The second one is on the mix for next year. How do you see the mix evolving moving into 2024? And what could be the different moving parts to your gross margin moving into 2024? Thank you. Was this question, I had a little bit difficult to hear all the points. So was this about Fixed Networks, and the- Yeah. On market. Yeah, Fixed Networks, and the outlook for Fixed Networks for the coming years. Yeah, yeah. I mean, we continue to believe in a highly favorable outlook for Fixed Networks because if you look at, for example, the stats that we gave in the Q2 report as to how many% of the world's homes have been passed or connected, we are still looking at pretty low numbers. Then we have to remember that already those homes which are connected today, they will be subject to capacity upgrades. And all of this will be further supported by the various government programs, like the U.S. program that we discussed, where the goal of the government is to have a Gb service in every home. So we believe that this will be a highly attractive market going forward, despite the short-term slowness. We are number one in GPON globally with more than 40% market share in GPON OLTs. We have 46% market share in XGS-PON, which is the latest generation of 10 Gb symmetrical GPON, which is used in about 95% of the next-generation PON deployments, and we are clear technology leader in this segment. So this is a perfect example of a market now where there is a lot of long-term potential combined, and also a midterm potential, combined with a strong technology leadership position. So we continue to be pretty bullish on, in terms of the potential of the fixed market. Thank you, Sébastien. We'll take our next question from Sami Sarkamies, from Danske Bank. Sami, please go ahead. Thanks. I wanted to follow up the earlier question by Sandeep regarding puts and takes going into next year. I think you already covered, you know, the top line. That is obviously the big unknown. But if we focus on things that you can control, what should we think about OpEx next year? I guess, given the new cost program that has been announced, it shouldn't at least be higher than this year. And then if we think about gross margins, I guess those should also be higher next year as you'll probably benefit from normalization of geographic mix, and then there will be also cost measures impacting costs. Yeah. Thank you, Sami. What comes to 2024, of course, we, because of the uncertainty, we don't guide 2024 yet. But if we look at the different elements of your question, regarding cost-saving programs, so like we said, our ambition is that we get already in-year savings of EUR 400 million in 2024. And also we said that about 70% of the total savings in the program will come from OpEx. And this is our planning right now when it comes to 2024. Then what comes to exactly development on gross margin levels, partly it depends on the mix as well, both product mix, but also regional mix. And then also how the market recovery is happening and what is the speed? When we will see in different parts as the market recovery most likely will not be perhaps exactly the same for all our segments that we have. Then we have to also remember that in 2023 we have received savings also from the variable pay that we have in the company. Thank you. Sami, did you have a follow-up? Yeah. Regarding the cost savings program, just curious, how material contribution could we see from divestments in your reaching the lower cost base? Well, of course, what we are communicating in terms of cost would be not including any effects from divestments that we would potentially do in the future. So this is, like, on a comparable basis. Thank you, Sami. We'll take our last question from Didier Scemama from Bank of America. Didier, please go ahead. Yeah. Thanks very much for taking my question. I guess most of my questions have been asked. What I wondered, you know, clearly you're taking very decisive actions on a cost base, I think realizing, that the RAN market's probably going to be in a downturn for the next several years, and especially as 6G is quite far away. What I wondered is, are there any other sort of strategic alternative you're considering for the business? I think Simon asked the question earlier, whether you're considering a breakup of the business, you know, to give more autonomies to your divisions, etc., because it feels like it's not gonna be fun to just cut costs for the next several years. No, you are absolutely right. You cannot run a business if your only strategy is to cut costs. But I want to repeat what I said earlier, that when we are cutting costs, what is really important for us is that we do not sacrifice our R&D output because otherwise it would be just downsizing and downsizing and downsizing. When it comes to the question of structural moves like, as you said, splitting the company, I already answered that, what we are going to continue with is optimization of our portfolio, and that is one of our strategic pillars. You have seen some moves already, and we are not excluding that there would be additional moves going forward. It is part of our strategy, as we announced already in Barcelona. But then I would like to slightly disagree with you that, that, when you, when you kind of concluded that, the RAN market would will be a declining market all the way until 6G. We do not agree. 25% of base stations outside of China are currently 5G mid-band upgraded, which means that 75% of that potential is still there. If and when the data traffic will continue to grow, operators will have to start investing again. In a couple of years' time, 5G- Advanced will hit the market, providing some significant additional new capabilities for new use cases, such as digital twins, drones, immersive applications, AR, and so on. Roughly at the same time, comes the time when the first 5G installations that were made in 2019, 2020, will hit the mid-generation upgrade cycle, as we have seen in the previous cycles as well. The technology has improved so much from 2019, 2020, especially in terms of power consumption. That, given the high power prices and ESG that most operators now have, we believe that there will be significant upgrade opportunities in mid-generation as well. So, and then on top of this comes all the potential from private 5G and enterprise and all the use cases. So respectfully, I would disagree with you that this will be a declining market all the way until 6G. I mean, respectfully also, I mean, if you look at, you know, when you look at the transition from 4G to 5G, we had, I think, three years of downturn, and I think it was all about cost-cutting during the period. It was pretty painful. Also, looking at, you know, the history of Nokia and Alcatel-Lucent has been consistent, you know, cost-cutting over the course of the last 15 years or so. It's been quite difficult and, you know, the promises of things like LTE- Advanced or, you know, 4.5G have not materialized. And as you said yourself, you know, the problem fundamentally is that although 5G was great from a cost per bit standpoint for the operators, they have not been able to monetize their investments with higher ARPU, higher EBITDA. So ultimately, it's got a knock-on effect on their ability to invest in CapEx. So that's why I, you know, I would rather not be too bearish, but at the same time, I don't see too much difference between 4G and 5G cycle, if you know what I mean. I believe that, that, this will be different, but, but you are absolutely correct, when you talk about, 5G monetization. I mean, that is what we need to help operators, do. We need to get to APIs, programmable networks, make it easier for them to build, new, use cases. But again, I mean, I do believe that once we start seeing these new, devices on the market, AR, VR, immersive experiences, we will start to see a completely new, range of applications emerging that will be driving, capacity needs. But what I would suggest is that since this will be one of the key themes in our December update, where Tommi will be talking about in more detail in terms of what those use cases will be, we would continue this discussion there. And of course, this whole theme of new use cases and immersive applications is not only an MN theme, it's very much also going to be a driver for Fixed Networks and home broadband. Thank you, Didier. Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes today's call. I would like to remind you that during the call today, we have made a number of forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may therefore differ materially from the results currently expected. Factors that could cause such differences can be both external as well as internal factors. We have identified such risks in the risk factor section of our annual report on Form 20-F, which is available on our investor relations website. Thank you all for joining us today.