Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Air Liquide Q1 2025 Revenue Conference Call. All participants are currently in a listen-only mode until we conduct a question-and-answer session, and instructions will be given at that time. I would now like to hand the call over to the Air Liquide team. Please begin your meeting, and I will be standing by. Good morning, everyone. This is Aude Rodriguez, Head of Investor Relations. Thank you very much for attending the call today. François Jackow and Jérôme Pelletan will present the first-quarter revenue. For the Q&A session, they will be joined by Emilie Mouren-Renouard, Group VP, overseeing Air Liquide operations in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and India, and by Adam Peters, Group VP, CEO of Air Liquide North America. Adam is on the phone with us from the US. In the agenda, our next announcement is on July 29 for our half-year 2025 results. Let me now hand you over to François. Thank you, Aude, and good morning, everyone. It is my pleasure to be with you today to share the highlights of the first quarter of 2025. This quarter's performance, once again, proves the strong resilience of Air Liquide in these turbulent times. We stay the course, focusing on improving what is under our control while quickly and effectively adapting to the external context. We remain committed to delivering our further elevated margin ambition in spite of the environment. We also continue to progress very successfully on project development, building for future growth. Let's move now to slide three. The numbers speak for themselves. Sales grew +2% on a comparable basis, demonstrating solid resilience. IM pricing remained accretive and increased an additional 2.5% in Q1. This follows a +30% increase over the last four years and is as strong as what we achieved in Q4 last year, excluding Argentina. Jérôme will come back to this very good performance in just a few minutes. The momentum on efficiencies is very positive, with +17% growth over Q1 last year. Recall, the comparison is against an already very strong Q1 2024. This EUR 131 million of cost savings is our record in Q1. It means +40% versus what we were able to deliver in Q1 two years ago. It marks a strong start of the year and demonstrates our focus on executing the Group's major transformation plan I presented to you at the full-year results in February. Cash flow remained strong and grew +5%. Finally, investment backlog reached a record high level at EUR 4.5 billion. This is a solid indicator of future growth, which will flow through when the projects under construction start up. By the way, Jérôme will also confirm later the increased startup contribution this year compared to last year. A very solid first quarter, showing clear signs that we stay on track to deliver our commitments in terms of performance and future growth. Slide four is a summary of what we are committed to delivering in these turbulent times. First, resilience. It is worth coming back to the strong intrinsic resilience of our business model. It has proven its stability throughout various crises over the past 30 years. With our actions in the last three years in terms of pricing and portfolio management, we have made it even stronger. We have, of course, a resilient, diverse business footprint. We are present now in 60 countries, serving all industrial sectors. In addition, the take-or-pay clauses in our large industry and electronic long-term contracts provide resilience and visibility. In IM, the resilience mainly comes from the rental fees and the diversity of sectors of our 2 million customers, but also our ability to better manage inflation pass-through and pricing. Finally, our healthcare activity, which represents around 15% of our sales, is uncorrelated to industrial trends. Looking now at the current context, our business model protects us from the direct impact of trade tensions. Our assessment is that we expect limited direct impact of tariffs. Indeed, the vast majority of our business is local. We produce locally, and we sell locally to our customers. Air Liquide is fundamentally local for local. After the resilience, second, the margin improvement. I confirm we will deliver the cumulative 200 basis points of margin improvement by 2026, in spite of the current environment. This will be achieved thanks to our strong performance on delivery of efficiencies and transformation initiatives, as I have described already. Third, preparing for the future. Our record high backlog of EUR 4.5 billion is robust. It consists of approximately 80 projects signed with customers for at least 15 years. These projects are currently under construction and will fuel predictable growth for the next decade. This provides us with a high visibility, which is another strength of our business model. Moving now to slide five, illustrating the continued development of our investment projects in all regions, starting with Americas. Despite the current environment in Q1, our backlog has increased. This is due, for example, to the ExxonMobil project in Baytown, as our contractually covered engineering and procurement activities for the project are ramping up. We now have $275 million of CapEx registered in our backlog out of a total amount of $850 million. Additionally, we entered into several new long-term contracts and a large renewal with pipeline expansion in the US Gulf Coast. We also signed a new carrier gases contract in our electronics division. In Europe, let me highlight again our undisputed leadership position in low-carbon hydrogen production. We have contracted seven production facilities so far, and four of them are already in operation or under construction. Project development is also progressing with an additional EUR 2 billion of potential CapEx for projects which have been awarded European Union or national funding since July 2023, when we first communicated this amount. Finally, in Asia, the development of electronic projects, in particular, is very strong. In Q1 2025 alone, we have signed two carrier gases contracts and have started up two new units. As you can see, despite the current environment, our projects are progressing step by step, persistently in all regions, preparing for future growth. Turning now to slide six. In spite of the current uncertain environment, thanks to the strong resilience of Air Liquide's business model and the proactive actions we have deployed these past months, we confirm our guidance. We stay the course and remain strongly committed to delivering our elevated margin ambition. Thank you for your attention. I will now ask Jérôme to present the details of our financial performance in Q1. Jérôme, please. Thank you, François, and good morning, everyone. I will now review our numbers in more detail. Coming back to Q1, I am now on page eight. Group sales have been resilient overall in a very uncertain environment, with a growth of +1.7% on a comparable basis, excluding energy pass-through and forex. There is no significant external scope effect in Q1 2025. Public sales are up at +5%-7%, boosted by a positive energy effect of 3.2% and a positive forex effect of 0.7%. Please also note that the contribution from Argentina has significantly decreased in Q1 at only +0.4% versus 1.2% in Q4 2024. In other words, underlying comparable growth, excluding Argentina, would be stronger at 1.3% in Q1 2025 versus 0.6% in Q4 2024. Car and service itself achieved a +8% increase year on year, sales in March better than expected. As I said during our last five full-year call, we have also regrouped the engineering and construction and most of the GM&T activities into a new engineering and technology business unit. From now on, our financial reporting will follow this new organization. Based on such scope, consolidated sales for engineering and technology have decreased by -2.9% on a comparable basis. Order intent has increased significantly at +34% versus last year to EUR 6,665 million. I am now on page nine. Our growth in Q1 for gas and services has been mainly driven by the Americas and Asia, while EMEA was flat. On a business line standpoint, we can see that healthcare and electronics drove growth in Q1. This again highlights the value of our diversified development strategy, capitalizing on the complementarity and right balance among our different business lines and geographies, which triggers resilience, especially in the uncertain environment, as François mentioned in his introduction. Let us now review more specifically the activity for each of our main geographies in Q1 2025. I am now on page 10. Sales in the Americas have been solid and have grown in all business lines to reach +3% on a comparable basis. Large industry were solid, benefited from a major ramp-up contribution in Q1 2025 and from growing base volumes in air gases for chemicals. ICO was strong overall, supported by favorable comparison basis versus to some turnarounds last year, and contract activity was solid. In merchant, sales were driven by a continued solid pricing effect, sorry, at +3% year on year, supported by active pricing management at Airgas, 70% of the pricing impact in the Americas and in Argentina to counter inflation. Gas volumes at Airgas remain resilient overall, with a growth similar to Q4, excluding argon, which were low. Growth in healthcare was very strong, supported firstly by strong pricing and resilient volume in Medgas and proximity care in the US, and secondly also by strong pricing and increased number of patients in home healthcare in Latin America. Finally, electronic sales were robust, supported by strong growth in advanced materials and steady carrier gases startup, while specialty materials remained low. Sales in EMEA, sorry, were flat, with continued solid growth in healthcare. In large industry, demand in air gases from customers remained soft, especially in metals and chemicals. Cogen activity was low. On the positive side, hydrogen volume for refining were resilient. In merchant, sales were positive at +2.4%, while underlying sales, excluding the impact of the growth from the activity transfer from GM&T this quarter, were flat. After last quarter of negative impact, pricing effect has turned positive to reach +3%, sustained by positive indexation in bulk and continued high pricing in packaged goods. Comparable sales have been impacted by the divestiture of our affiliate in 12 Western African countries last year. Finally, healthcare growth was very solid at +3%. Sales have been supported by robust home healthcare activity, notably in diabetes and sleep apnea, with the number of patients increasing. Growth in medical gases remained solid, helped with sustained volumes and pricing. Activity in Asia enjoyed a solid growth in Q1, with all business lines contributing. In large industry, sales growth benefited from a major ramp-up in China, softened by some turnaround this quarter. Sales in merchant were back to positive this quarter, supported by China, where sales were strong at +5%, supported by the Bolton acquisition and despite negative helium effect. Activity in the rest of Asia was more mixed. Electronic sales strongly improved thanks to double-digit growth in carrier gases, supported by two startup contributions, sorry, in China in Q1 2025. Specialty materials turned positive this quarter, while equipment and installation were low. I will now comment on our Q1 activity by business line. I'm on now page 11. In merchant, we continue to see sustained pricing with +2.5% in Q1 driving growth. Overall volume in gas remained flat, excluding helium, while our goods are down in the US. Pharma, utilities, and IC packaging are posting volume growth. In large industry, now ramp-up contribution offset lower demand. Two major ramp-ups have positively contributed in China and in the US in Q1. From a market standpoint, chemicals have improved in the US, while steel and chemicals were low in Europe and refining more resilient. Page 12, electronics has shown growth. Sales benefited from a very solid contribution for carrier gases startup and ramp-up during the quarter. In addition, advanced materials have been strong in the US and specialty materials slightly up in Asia. Finally, in healthcare, we still pursue strong trends with growth well balanced between medical gases and home healthcare. Home healthcare was again very robust, supported by sleep apnea, oxygen therapy, and diabetes. In Medgas activity, sales growth was solid with sustained pricing, addressing inflation in the American gas and in Europe, with resilient volumes overall. On page 13, our margin improvement objective is supported by our structure execution plan based on three pillars. First, high-end pricing. It is still solid despite a high comparable basis, as you see in the graph. To be noted, pricing, excluding Argentina, is at the same level as in Q4 2024 at +2.2%. As François mentioned, we have also executed very good quarters in efficiencies at EUR 131 million, up +17% versus last year. This takes into account efficiency delivered thanks to the deployment of our structural transformation initiatives. Portfolio management has been further pursued with three acquisitions in Q1 2025 and executed one divestiture with a continued focus on strategy, profitable, and margin-figurative opportunities. On page 14 now, the 12-month portfolio of opportunities remains at a record level at EUR 4.1 billion. Our portfolio investment and financial decision for the quarter also reached a record high level of EUR 1 billion. Finally, our investment backlog, which reaches a record level of EUR 4.5 billion, well balanced across geographies. It will increase significantly when it includes the full amount for ExxonMobil and Eligator projects. To reemphasize again, this backlog is only made of growth projects. To be noted, projects in electronics represent one-third of the total backlog. We achieved EUR 78 million of sales contribution from startup and ramp-up during the quarter. For 2025, we are still very confident that the contribution from startup and ramp-up of projects would increase significantly to deliver, sorry, more than EUR 310 million. Slide 15, as mentioned earlier by François, in spite of the current uncertain environment, thanks to the strong resilience of our business model and to sales help actions, we confirm our guidance. Thank you very much for your attention. I now hand over to François for the conclusion. Thank you very much, Jérôme. As you have seen, we are staying the course, showing resilience and agility in these turbulent times. Let's stop here and open the floor for Q&A. As a reminder to ask a question, please press star one and one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one and one again. Once again, please press star one and one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one and one again. Thank you. We are now going to proceed with our first question. The first questions come from the line of Tom Wrigglesworth from Morgan Stanley. Please ask a question. Your line is opened. François, Jérôme, thank you very much for the presentation and the opportunity to ask questions. Two, if I may. The first one is, obviously, you've delivered resilient results, but you operate in a large number of end markets, and we're all very keen to understand maybe where the fallout's going to land or what you might be seeing in your order books in terms of changing patterns to give us an insight in terms of how the economic outlook is. Any insight you could provide there would be very helpful. The second question, please. The transferred businesses look to have delivered around 0.4% of comparable growth in the quarter. From what I can read, it looks like it's half rare gases and half biogas. Could you unpack? I mean, the growth rate looks to be very strong in these businesses. How much of that is lumpiness or one-time, and what should we expect going forwards, especially around biogas? Can that be more? Is that a more sustainable level of growth that we can expect to see? Thank you. Good morning, Tom, and thank you very much for your question. Maybe to best answer the first question on what we see, we can do a quick tour, I would say, in the Americas and in Europe, and maybe give you some feel on that, and I may complement to some of the comments. Let's start with Adam, do you want to give us a feel of what we see in the Americas? Yes, absolutely, François. Thank you for the question, Tom. Maybe reflecting first on Q1 performance and kind of talking about what we see in the market, I would say we're coming off of a good quarter, and all activities are up across each of the business lines that we have. Crystal ball is a little bit difficult because of, obviously, the uncertainty around tariffs and the like. When we look to Q2 in the Americas, and I would say in particular in the US, we see largely activity levels that are aligned with Q1. In LI, we see basically flattish expectations for volumes sequentially with limited startup impact, but also a positive delta turnaround impact. In IM, as was mentioned by François, we see resilient gas volumes, although we see challenges, I would say, in terms of hard good volumes, largely related to the tariff uncertainty and impacts that we see there and the impacts that that drives in terms of volume expectations from our customers. I would say that what we have is just kind of building off the comments previously, a resilient business model, one that in the context we perform very well in terms of keeping ahead of the cost curve for pricing and making sure that whatever happens in the market on pricing, we can handle that well. I would say the other point that I would mention is probably around project activity. We do not see a project activity slowdown. Matter of fact, our development continues on a very strong pace. We had a good first quarter of this year, building off the momentum from last year. We had some nice signings in the US in particular, and we see that development activity continuing. I think this is where the diversity of the markets that we serve benefits us greatly because we see some traditional industrial gas activities ramping up in terms of prospects for the future and investments. In areas like electronics, we see that continuing at an extremely fast pace. What I would say is the development activities have not really slowed down at all. What we see is the conversations with customers remain very active and very strong and feeling good about where this is all going to lead. Last point I would make is I kind of mentioned this during the last call, is that we still, in this uncertain time, do not expect a lot of investment decisions from our clients until some of this noise kind of settles out and we see where things go. That is not slowing the development down, and I think it is lending itself to continued strong prospects for the future. Maybe I will stop there. Thank you very much, Adam. Emilie, do you want to speak a little bit about Europe, please? Sure. Thank you, François. Good morning, Tom, and good morning, everyone. In Europe, the activity remained steady, I would say. Volumes continued to be soft in Q1, so no major changes, I would say, compared to Q4 2024. We anticipate the activity will remain soft overall. If we look at more details, in large industry, our revenues were down, impacted by low demand, especially in chemicals and in steel, still struggling. On the positive front, we had a bit of an uptick on hydrogen for refining, so quite resilient here. If I look at merchant business now, volumes remained soft but overall stable after several quarters of decline. Pricing was strong this quarter, plus 3% in Q1 2025. Healthcare now, which also represents a significant part of EMEA, remained solid, driven by growth in home healthcare and also a balanced contribution from volumes and prices aligned with inflation in the medical gases part. Overall, what we do is continuously adapting our structure and cost to the level of activity, obviously, continue our action on pricing, and also continue to develop projects to prepare for the future. On that front, we still see a good momentum in energy transition in particular, good project development momentum in hydrogen, in carbon capture projects. That remains, I would say, solid. Overall, if I summarize, in the short term, we expect activity to remain soft in EAMEI. We work on all the levers, and we're committed to deliver our profitability objectives despite the environment. Thank you very much, Emilie. Maybe I don't want to make the answer too long, but I think, Tom, your question is covering many of the topics of interest for everybody, for sure. Maybe I'll just add a few comments, and we may have a chance to come back to some of those. Speaking about Asia, I'd like to focus a little bit on China because we have seen in Q1 very strong activity in China, at least for us, where we were able to grow above GDP, actually. We are, I would say, reasonably optimistic about what we can see looking forward. Just maybe an overall comment. It's absolutely clear that in the current context, we should be cautious in making any forecast. There's a lot of uncertainties. I think we all see that. Q1, as was mentioned by Jérôme, you have seen, was quite resilient. If we just look at the underlying growth in Q1, we were, if we remove the Argentina effect, at 0.6% for the group at Q4 percent, and we are more than doubled, 1.3% basically in Q1. We see that it is not only resilient, but we are able to capture some growth. Looking forward, as mentioned by Adam and by Emilie, we do expect similar trends overall. I would like just to make that last statement and to say that in any case, regardless of the environment, we stay absolutely committed to margin improvement, and we will invest whenever and wherever we see opportunities. Maybe we will take the second question, which is more specific. Jérôme? Thank you very much, Tom. Yes, you already felt some of the activity that we are transferring to biogas during the quarter. Just to remind you, at the scale of the group, it's a very significant effect. We have the reconciliation in the management report. To come back on the biogas and maritime effect, it's more, let's say, I would say, in these kind of cells, there may sometimes be seasonality, and those will not necessarily be recurring. As I said, it's quite minor. Okay. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you, Tom. Much appreciated. We are now going to proceed with our next question. The questions come from the line of Tony Jones from Redburn Atlantic. Please ask your question. Good morning, François and Jérôme. Thanks for letting me ask a couple of questions. Firstly, on pricing, how do you see the dynamic, particularly in merchant versus costs over the next few quarters? It looks like energy costs might be flattered down, but there is underlying OPEX inflation. I am keen on your view on whether pricing will still hold up at this sort of 2%-3% level. Secondly, I think this is maybe for you, Jérôme, on the project backlog from some of the comments you made about the ExxonMobil project dropping out. Is there a chance we could see the project backlog start to shrink because we have not had as many announcements in the past few quarters? Is that correct, or are there some big projects imminent, potentially in electronics? Thank you. Thank you very much, Tony. Maybe to be as precise as possible, we will go in the Americas and in Europe regarding pricing in merchant especially. Adam, do you want to start for the US, please? Yes, absolutely. Price management is something that I think we have a very strong history of doing and one that we have a very good track record and performance in. We have very good tools, very good systems on how to do this to make sure that we stay ahead of the cost curve. I see that as a real strength that we have in the group and certainly in the Americas as well. I would say in terms of continued diligence on that, I would expect that to remain. When we look at pricing around gases, this is very, very clear. In a high inflationary market, we have done this in the past, and we will continue to do that going forward. When we look at tariff impacts and we look at what that can mean for pricing, I see it in the same way. I see it as the way to manage pricing effectively ahead of the cost curve and staying in line with that. I see that really continuing in the same way. I would say that overall, we would expect pricing to remain in line with what we've done in the past quarter and even in the past year. Thank you very much, Adam. Emilie, do you want to comment? Because indeed, I mean, the situation is evolving, especially on the front of energy pricing in Europe. Absolutely. Thank you, François. Overall, we continue to have a very dynamic and active pricing management in Europe, like in the rest of the group. You've seen the pricing up this quarter, plus 3%, supported by energy price increases and other pricing actions really across the merchant business line in the EMEA geography. If we look a bit more into the details, first of all, pricing gradually improved over the last year, turned positive in the last quarter, fourth quarter of 2024, and is now strong at plus 3% in Q1. First, the bulk. In bulk, there's the energy portion of the price that is indexed on energy. Due to recent energy price increase, this portion of the price has naturally increased. The rest of the price impact was due to other pricing action on the rest of the bulk price elements, so the non-energy related indices where we also had strong pricing action. Finally, on the packaged gas side, we continue to have very active pricing campaigns in packaged gases across the board. If energy prices go up, of course, the portion in the bulk price related to energy increases. If it goes down, it decreases. We manage this. Overall, what we look at is the pass-through. Overall, all this contributes, even if energy goes down, to a positive contribution to margin improvement. Very good dynamics in 2024. To summarize, prices are managed on a continuous basis, and we expect pricing and, more importantly, pass-through and contribution to margin to continue over the year. Thank you, Emilie. I think, Tony, one of the key things to keep in mind is that I do believe that today, Air Liquide is much more reactive in terms of managing the environment and the pricing. We know that in the current world, things are changing and could change very, very fast. I would like to praise, I mean, the actions of the team, which are extremely proactive in anticipating being either the tariffs, the energy pricing, the inflation, and so on, which make us quite confident in our ability to not only pass-through, but to continue to improve the margin. Project backlog, Jérôme. Yeah, thank you very much, Tony, for your question. You're right. The backlog is quite high. It's a record high, and we're very happy with that, EUR 4.5 billion. I just want to be very clear. It's not only because of ExxonMobil. We are having some projects, especially in electronics, that we have signed in Q1 in Asia and in the US that are also contributing to increase this backlog. Just to remind everyone, this backlog is a gross backlog. It is only made of gross projects first. Second, as you have seen as well, the portfolio of opportunities is also very strong at EUR 4 billion. You see there is more to come. In the momentum that we see in the pipeline of the 12 months, we see also solid prospects. We are very confident on the fact that those will materialize. Overall, we can say the backlog will stay strong along the year. Definitely. Thank you very much, Jérôme. Thank you, Tony. Next question, please. We are now going to proceed with our next question. The questions come from the line of Jean-Luc Romain from CIC Market Solutions. Please ask your question. Good morning. Another question on the backlog. You mentioned electronic is approximately one-third of your investment backlog. What's the proportion of energy transition-related projects? Is it the same proportion in the opportunities set? Okay. Thank you. Good morning, Jean-Luc. Thank you for your question. Jérôme, do you want to answer the question of Jean-Luc, please? Yes. Basically, in terms of backlog, you're right, electronics represent 34% of the backlog. It is a thing. In terms of energy transition, we communicate on the opportunities. We can say that today, we have around 40% of energy transition projects in the portfolio. You have seen specifically in some areas like Europe, we continue to have very good prospects. That is basically what we have so far. Thank you very much. Thank you. Next question. Thank you, Jean-Luc. Next question, please. We are now going to proceed with our next question. The questions come from the line of Peter Clark from Bernstein. Please ask your question. Yes. Good morning, everyone. Two questions, hopefully quite simple. Just drilling down a bit more into the comments around hard goods. I mean, I think last year we were trailing down mid-single digit, and you were hoping, of course, that things would improve going into 2025. Obviously, you're probably changing your view on that. I am right in thinking it's still probably down mid-single digit, and you're not expecting too much going forward given the uncertainty. On the ExxonMobil, thanks for the comments already. You were waiting on two things with Q4, obviously the 45B clarification, and then I think the CFD in Japan regarding the clean ammonia story. Obviously, since that time, we've had a lot more uncertainty built up with Dodge and departments disappearing and stuff like that. It's nice to see you've got a third bulk, and I assume you're still confident on booking more over the summer of the ExxonMobil contract. Just your thoughts on that or what the current feeling is because there's so much uncertainty around the whole story now. Good morning, Peter. Thank you very much for your two questions that I will ask Adam to answer. First on the hard goods, and then we move to the Exxon and the project development. Adam, comments on hard goods, please? Yes, absolutely. That is why. Thanks, Peter. If we look at hard goods, hard goods volumes are down, I would say, and overall, we see this kind of uncertain period. I think a few things to remind. Hard goods is really not a strategic segment per se for us. It is really an enabler to sell more gas. It is something that we value very much because our customers value it, and they see it as a really important piece of what we do. When we look at the hard goods volumes, I would say this is more related to some of the uncertainty we see, the high interest rates and the like overall, which are driving this kind of uncertainty in the economy. This is delaying capital equipment purchases by our customers. This is why we see this kind of uncertainty, I would say, on the hard goods side. We see the same trends from our competitors. When our competitors publish information, we see the same thing from them in terms of the uncertainty in this market. This uncertainty, I would say, is sort of an indirect impact from tariffs and overall market uncertainty. This is where we have this kind of lack of clarity, I would say, or kind of a fuzzier crystal ball in terms of what volumes will do. When we look at our ability to manage pricing in that, as mentioned previously, we have a very strong ability to do that. We would say overall, our direct impact is very, very limited from a tariff standpoint. What are we doing to manage that? When we look at it, we're trying to offer our customers different options in terms of hard goods from other countries. We manage some with hard goods from the US directly, which I think helps our position with local production and local selling. We've got options that we can provide our customers to kind of manage through that and help them in what they need to do to make equipment purchases overall. We expect sort of a continuation in terms of uncertainty around hard goods from a volume standpoint. Overall, from a pricing standpoint, we see this as something that's manageable and well within our control to handle. Thank you very much, Adam. You want to comment on the ExxonMobil project and what we see looking forward regarding the environment and the regulation and some of the key drivers? Yes, absolutely. You're absolutely right. Kind of the two drivers around 45B and around the CFD in Japan were sort of two important aspects of what we see in this project. What I would say from a positive standpoint is a continuation and no slowdown in terms of the activity that we have in terms of engineering and procurement on the project. A good level of confidence in that is backed by a contractually covered position in terms of our engineering and procurement activity on the project. In terms of where we see the regulations landing and how that's going to play out, 45Q has been in place and already implemented in the US for some time. 45V, the regulations were clear in January. What we're sort of waiting on now is this reconciliation package in the U.S. and how all that unfolds in terms of the various regulations that are underpinned in the U.S. I would say that the activity continues. The project work continues for us. We still wait for clarity around what's going to happen in terms of the reconciliation package in the U.S. I think that we would expect a decision more in the second half of this year. Obviously, that uncertainty is driven by the timing specifically around the CFD and the reconciliation package in the U.S. Thank you. Thank you very much. Hard goods sales. Thank you very much, Peter. Can we move to the next question, please? We are now going to proceed with our next question. The questions come from the line of Laurent Guy Favre from BNP Paribas. Please ask your question. Yes, good morning. Two questions, please. The first one on efficiencies at €131 million. I mean, usually Q1 is the smallest quarter of the year for efficiency gains year on year. Is there any reason why the cadence this year would be different, or are we okay to assume that there will be a ramp-up during the year? That is the first one. The second one on LI utilization rates. In particular, in chemicals, we are hearing a lot about the slowdown or the collapse of demand in March. I was wondering, have you started to approach take-or-pay levels in the different regions? Any updates on utilization rates would be helpful. Thank you. Thank you very much, Laurent. On efficiencies, Jérôme, do you want to make some comments? Yeah, of course. Thank you very much, Laurent, for this question. You're right to point that efficiency number in Q1 was very strong at EUR 131 million, plus 17% versus last year. If you try to, I would say, to break down this, there is, I would say, a significant component. There is, of course, part of that significance. Nearly half of it is coming from industrial efficiencies. You know that we have also accelerated on our industrial efficiencies in our firm this year. We are also accelerating on procurement and for roughly a third quarter of that. The rest is coming from transformation initiatives that start to deliver. That is basically explaining the significant number, which is very strong, as you see. As to move forward, I will not give you numbers, but we are very much, I would say, focused to deliver efficiency, which is part, of course, of margin improvement. Laurent, I think this is a very important point because and very encouraging. We talked about our transformation and what we want to do in terms of structural efficiencies for the group. I think it's too early, for sure, to claim a victory, but we start to see some positive signals, and we are extremely committed to accelerate those structural efficiencies. Some of them, when we move into a new system, new organization, takes a little bit of time, but we start to see already this contribution. I think we feel very strong about our objective for the year, but not only for 2025, but looking forward. That will support, for sure, the margin improvement ambition that we have. Now, to talk about what we see in terms of operating rate, probably we will focus on the US and in Europe, where we have most of our customers. We will start with Europe and Emilie's comments about the chemical industry, and then we'll come back to Adam. Sure. Thank you, François. Good morning, Laurent. In Europe, the chemical demand is rather low, like I said. Both chemicals and steel are quite struggling in Europe, and they have started to restructure and do cost-cutting measures. For the chemical part, we know they highly depend on energy costs, natural gas in particular. Energy costs were quite high, and it is still trending higher than the pre-crisis level if you compare those energy costs with the US and Asia in particular. The chemical industry also suffers from overcapacity, I would say, coming from Asia in particular, and low demand. Low demand, high energy costs, and overcapacity lead, of course, to chemical demand from our customers in Europe, which is quite low, and we anticipate it will remain very soft. Second point is on the take-or-pay. To go back to your question, this is something we look at very carefully month after month. So far, what we've seen is that it's about the same level in terms of how many customers and how much volumes we have at take-or-pay level in Europe compared to Q4. It's a little bit trending better than Q4, actually, but let's say it's stable overall. No degradation in terms of customers trending at take-or-pay level in Europe. The last comment I want to make is we've also been seeing kind of a wake-up call in Europe, and we will see where it leads us. With the clean industrial deal that was launched by the European Union and its three pillars on automotive, on chemical, and on steel, plus all the additional spending in defense, we might see an uptick on those markets in Europe. We follow that as well very carefully. Yeah, thank you very much, Emilie. As I said before, very difficult to give any forecast looking for the rest of the year. Indeed, I think those are important signals that could turn out to be positive for the industry in general in Europe. Let's wait and see. For sure, we'll be able to capture any growth when and if this happens. Maybe the situation is to some extent different in the US for the chemical industry. Adam, do you want to make some comments on this? Yes, absolutely. If you look at our volumes in the chemicals business in the US, our volumes remain, I would say, flat sequentially, but at a good rate. We see some impacts from ramp-ups with select customers in the chemical sector. We see a lower level of turnarounds in the sector as well. We are nowhere near the take-or-pay level. We are well above the take-or-pay level in the US. I would say that volumes remain stable going forward and resilient and quite solid overall. I think that is probably the main comment I would make. Thank you very much, Adam. Thank you. Thanks, Laurent. Can we move to the next question, please? Sure. We are now going to proceed with our next question. The questions come from the line of Jeff Hare from UBS. Please ask your question. Yeah, good morning, Jérôme and François. I just had two questions, really. One was, I think I heard Jérôme say that your volumes in March were ahead of what you were budgeting. If I did hear that right, has that continued into April, if you could comment on that? Finally, the impact on IM pricing in Asia-Pacific, is the downturn you're seeing in pricing all related to helium pricing in China, or are there other issues as well? Could you just expand on that, please? Thank you very much. Jérôme, do you want to make a comment about the volume? Yeah, in fact, it's more volume and sales overall, Jérôme, that we knew when we were at the end of March, not having the full result, we were a little bit more skeptical. In fact, we had better numbers in March than what we were expecting. I could do the same with this. I think it was a good thing. It's just showing again that our fundamentals have been resilient in terms of volumes, but also pricing and the resilience of the business overall. Yes, it was good. I will not comment about outlook, but definitely, it was something that we acknowledged. That's true. Thank you very much. I will comment on Asia and what we see in Asia in IM. I think overall, this is probably the only region where we see slightly negative pricing overall in Asia. As you mentioned, I mean, there is a significant impact of the helium trade in Asia, and especially in China, and mostly in China, to this negative pricing. The rest of the IM business is, depending on the country, slightly positive, neutral, or slightly negative. Again, the main impact is on helium. If I zoom a little bit on China, because that's clearly, I mean, something of importance, even if China overall, keep that in mind, is more or less 10% of the group for all the business lines. If I zoom in on industrial merchant, as I mentioned before, we have seen overall strong growth of sales in the mid-single-digit sales. If we look at the volume and we exclude helium, we are at the very high single-digit number for volume for IM. It is quite positive. Again, it is due to what we see in terms of activity, our footprint, of course, which is extremely focused on some key regions, our ability also to continue to consolidate and to do some bolt-on acquisition in China. I think that is positive, even if for China, and if I exclude helium, there again, depending on the region, we see slightly positive, neutral, or slightly negative pricing. That is one of the reasons I think we should consider China as a potential upside in this overall economic assessment, again, with all the cautions that I mentioned before. We start to see some signs that the stimulus packages that have been launched over the past few months in China contribute. Of course, there's a lot of turbulences depending on the impact on the supply chains, but the underlying seems to be more positive than what we have seen last year, for example. Thank you very much, Jérôme. Maybe we move to the next question. We are now going to proceed to our next question. The questions come from the line of Chaitanya Joshi from JPMorgan. Please ask your question. Hi, thanks. I have a couple of questions. First one is just a simple one. Are you able to break the 3% price increase in merchant in Europe into how much of that is actually related to the bulk indexation on energy versus the underlying increase? If you can split that, that would be great. The second question, I guess a bit more difficult one, but have you done any analysis of how much of your customers might be actually shipping, let's say, from one region to the other, which might be at risk? For instance, let's say some metal production in Europe being shipped to the US, which might become unviable if the new tariffs come into play. What it actually means for Air Liquide. I do not know if you have done any of these analyses. Is it neutral impact? Do you see maybe a negative or perhaps even a positive? I don't know, but any analysis that you might have done on the indirect impact actually from your customers shipping stuff between regions? Thank you. Thank you very much, Chaitanya, and good morning. Emilie, maybe you can give some comments, even if we do not disclose, I mean, the specific pricing, but maybe some element of context to help Chaitanya understand. Yes, thank you, François. Chaitanya, in Q1, we've posted a 3% price increase in Europe, partly due to bulk prices and partly due to packaged gases actions as well. I would say, half-half, BG and bulk prices. On bulk, we don't typically disclose how really our contracts are made and how our indices are contributing. Yes, part of it is due to energy, like I explained before, and it will go up and down depending on the energy cost and price that we pay. The rest is due to other indices and other price actions that we do on a continuous basis. Basically, on the PG front, it's half of the pricing impact, and we do that very actively. It doesn't depend on energy cost. Yeah, that's it. Thank you very much, Emilie. Maybe on the next question regarding the impact on customers and behavior of customers, yes, we are looking at this, and this is basically also what our business lines are doing and following very closely, large industry for large customers, industrial merchant, but also electronics. Taking into account that with more than 2 million customers in all the countries, it's not absolutely clear today that there is a consistent trend because the supply chains are quite diverse and also the strategies of companies are quite diverse. It looks like, I mean, we have seen some pickup in activities in the second part of March, which was maybe not expected because of all the announcements. Now, it seems that some companies are defining different strategies, their also view of the situation for the next 90 days. I would say overall, for us, we should be in a position to capture growth wherever it is. You know very well that being present in 60 countries, basically, we are able to follow our customers and follow the load of the customers. I think for Air Liquide, more reassuring local production will be positive because as we are present in all the regions, we will capture the growth wherever it is. We are close to the end. I think maybe we have two more questions to take before we conclude. Please go ahead. We are now going to proceed with our next question. The questions come from the line of John Campbell from Bank of America. Please ask your question. Hi, good morning. Yeah, thanks for taking my question. I wanted to follow up on one that Peter asked about the ExxonMobil Baytown project. I would like to ask perhaps if you can confirm, and it seems to be implied by your decision to increase it in your backlog, that you remain highly confident that the project will most likely FID in the second half of this year. Would you say that you expect it to be able to qualify for around $1 per kilo of US 45V production tax credits? How confident are you that it can qualify for the Japan CFD, perhaps relative to Middle Eastern blue ammonia projects, as the Japan subsidy scheme seems to be somewhat more subjective than the criteria for the US tax credit? Thank you. Thank you very much, John. You know that we typically don't speak on behalf of our customer, but Adam, do you want to give us a feel about the level of confidence that we have based on the multiple day-to-day interactions that we have with our customer? Yes, absolutely. I'd say that our confidence remains very strong. If you look at it, we have followed probably 25 different projects along the Gulf Coast that are related to ammonia. This one has the fundamentals and the partners and the like that make it among the strongest. It has the scale that makes it among the strongest. If you look at the way that they are progressing and the avenues that they're following in terms of regulatory and provisions in both Japan and the US, I would say that they are extremely active in those conversations, and we're certainly actively involved as well. I would say the confidence remains strong. What can I give you as far as a bellwether for that confidence is the fact that our engineering and procurement activities are continuing at the same pace, despite the fact that the decision is pushed to later this year. To me, I'd say that's probably the best thing that I could tell you is that we don't see a slowdown on our side and that we remain very, very close to this and active on it. In terms of the subsidy itself and which one they're going after, it's hard for me to speculate in terms of or really comment on that in particular. We know the importance of the regulatory environment in the US as well as in Japan, among other reasons, to bring this across the finish line. Thank you very much, Adam. Thank you, John. Last question, please. Sure. We are now going to take our last question. The questions come from the line of Georgina Fraser from Goldman Sachs. Please ask your question. Thank you very much. Good morning, everyone. I am for two questions left. One is you had very dynamic growth in carrier gases in Asia in the first quarter. I was wondering if you could give us a bit more insight on the drivers of that and what is going on in the electronics industry in the region. Second and last question of the call. François, you mentioned that we should maybe be thinking about upside potential in China and that you are seeing pretty solid underlying momentum there. I am sure that you would understand that a lot of market observers are assuming that strength in China right now is in preparation ahead of US tariffs. I was just wondering if you could give us a bit more insight into what you, as a real market participant, are seeing on the ground and stimulus measures, which customers, which industries are making you a bit more confident that there's real underlying momentum and not just stocking. Thank you. Thank you very much, Georgina. The first question on the carrier gases in Asia, clearly, I mean, we see a strong momentum, as you mentioned. The good thing is that we have a good visibility on that, and we have a clear schedule about the startup and investment, and the investment that we have done in the past few years is delivering. We see that, I would say, everywhere in Asia. We see also, I mean, a good activity rate and good progression of advanced materials in Asia. Maybe to try to understand the market drivers, as you mentioned, we should put China on one end and the rest of Asia on the other end. For the rest of Asia, we see a very strong momentum being driven by the most advanced logic, especially, and this is related to the need for artificial intelligence-related chips in particular. The same trend is also impacting the memory business and for the most advanced memory business, which is good for the carrier gases, but also very good for the advanced material. We see that basically in Taiwan, in Japan, for example, with a strong growth and strong momentum. In China, what we see is really the development of the ecosystem, which typically is more on the low-middle range type of products, but with still a strong underlying demand. Memory, for sure. Logic, clearly the less advanced. To some extent, the analog, even if analog overall is highly related to devices and automotive, which is to some extent a little less growing than it was just a few months ago. Clearly, we see that due to the scale, the growth in China is quite significant in electronics. You see that even if overall, same kind of underlying trends and growth, for sure, because there is a need for more products, it's slightly different in terms of actual execution between China and the rest of Asia. Overall, quite positive. It's probably going to be one of the areas which is going to pick up the most whenever, I mean, the situation is going to be more clear, taking into account also that depending on the outcome of the tariff, other regions may benefit. You know that we have a very strong position in the US also, and we see increased demand and some movement towards shifting some production to the US, for sure. Finally, maybe to come back to China and what we see. Today, as I mentioned, we have seen and enjoyed strong activity in China in Q1. Some of it, maybe at the end of the quarter in March, could be related to advance order or pre-ordering to make sure that the supply chain can go through the tariff. It is clear. We see also that the underlying stimulus is producing some effect. Clearly, there has been a focus on some key strategic industries like the automotive, but also overall things which are sectors which are related to the energy transition, not only to decarbonize the processes and the manufacturing in China, but also to develop technology and scale to be able to supply the needs in China and also to export. As I mentioned also, maybe finally, the electronics activity, which is very strong in China, and there is no reason for this to stop, given the scale and the need there, with clear progress also in terms of technology moving up in the value chain. All right, I will stop here. Thank you very much. This concludes our session. We all appreciate all your insightful questions, for sure. In short, I would say that despite the current turbulent times, the numbers speak for themselves, and you can see that we are staying the course. As mentioned by Aude, in two weeks, we have our general assembly in Paris. I look forward to seeing some of you, I hope, there. In the meantime, I wish all of you a very good day. Thank you very much. Thank you. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you all for participating. You may now disconnect your lines. Speakers, please stand by. Thank you.