Hello, and welcome to the Euronext Third Quarter 2022 results call. My name is Laura, and I will be your coordinator for today's event. Please note this call is being recorded. For the duration of the call, your lines will be on listen only. However, you will have the opportunity to ask questions at the end of the call. This can be done by pressing star one on your telephone keypad to register your question. If you require assistance at any point, please press star zero and you will be connected to an operator. I will now hand you over to your host, Stéphane Boujnah, the CEO and Chairman of the Managing Board of Euronext to begin today's conference. Thank you. Good morning, everybody, and thank you for joining us for Euronext Third Quarter 2022 results conference call and webcast. I am Stéphane Boujnah, CEO and Chairman of the Managing Board of Euronext. I'd like to start by briefly taking you through some of the highlights of the third quarter before handing over to Giorgio Modica, the Euronext CFO, who will further develop the main businesses and financial highlights of the quarter. Moving to slide four. As you have seen, Euronext reported a solid performance in the third quarter of 2022. This quarter was marked, as everybody noticed it, by a challenging macro environment and low trading volume. This quarter demonstrated once again the resilience of our diversified business model and the strength of our non-volume related activities, combined with our trademark cost discipline. Euronext consolidated its position as the leading trading venue in Europe this quarter again, providing market participants with unrivaled market quality and market depth. In addition, we consolidated our leading position in equity listings in Europe with 18 listings this quarter. Let's start with revenue. Underlying revenues were stable compared to Q3 2021 at EUR 360.3 million as a result of our very strongly diversified revenue stream. First, Non-volume-related revenue posted a strong performance overall, notably in listings, in advanced data services, in post-trade, and in technology solutions. In particular, these technology solutions revenue included for the first full quarter the contribution of the new core data center revenues, following the migration of the core data center to Bergamo in June 2022. Second, our Trading businesses not related to equity markets strongly performed as well, with double-digit growth year-on-year in commodity derivatives, in Forex trading, in power trading. On a reported basis, we clearly announce as we announce it during our Q2 results last July, revenues were negatively impacted by a taxable loss in net treasury income of EUR 49 million pre-tax, representing EUR 35 million post-tax. These results from the partial portfolio disposal at Euronext Clearing to neutralize any future impact of interest rate variations on Net Treasury Income are clear in the accounts. Non-volume related underlying revenues accounted for 59% of the total revenue and cover 138% of underlying operating expenses, including D&A. On the cost side, the reported increase in underlying expenses excluding D&A mainly reflects the normalized level of marketing and travel expenses post-pandemic. This cost performance this quarter also reflects our continued cost discipline despite inflationary pressure. Q3 costs are in line with usual seasonality, and we confirm our EUR 612 million cost guidance for the year, which means that we are confident in our ability to continue to control the impact of inflation on our costs in 2022. Overall, we reported an Adjusted EBITDA of EUR 199.9 million and an Adjusted EBITDA margin of 57.1%. This led to a slight decrease in Adjusted EPS to EUR 1.21 per share and an Adjusted net income to EUR 129.5 million. Please keep in mind that we received a Euroclear dividend in Q3 2021 last year, whereas this year the interim dividend of Euroclear will be received in Q4 2022. On a reported basis, EPS for this third quarter reached EUR 0.71. I would like to reiterate that today, as already announced during our Q2 results, we intend to neutralize to offset the negative impact of this taxable loss on the dividend that will be proposed at our 2023 annual general meeting. Moving to slide five. This third quarter was very significant for the integration of the Borsa Italiana Group. At the end of the third quarter 2022, we reached EUR 24.4 million of cumulative run rate EBITDA synergies, in relation to the targeted synergies, related to the Borsa Italiana group integration. In total, by the end of Q3 2022, we have now spent EUR 37.9 million of cumulative implementation costs, with EUR 1.2 million incurred this quarter. Moving to slide six, as you remember it, we delivered in June 2022 the successful migration of our core data center to Bergamo. The next few quarters will see the delivery of major milestones and the continuation of the Borsa Italiana integration. First, a significant project was delivered recently with the successful implementation of a new listing framework in Italy. This framework is harmonized with Euronext and global listing standards, and it will significantly benefit Italian issuers as it will further enhance the competitiveness of the Italian capital markets ecosystem. Second, the Italian ecosystem will also benefit from the upcoming first phase of the migration of Borsa Italiana cash markets in March 2023 onto Optiq, the Euronext state-of-the-art operating trading platform. This migration will provide Euronext and Borsa Italiana in Italy, but also market participants across other geographies with significant benefits while retaining a strong local footprint. Such a migration into the European single liquidity pool, into the European single order book, into the European single technology platform, will bring a significant benefit as it did with the two previous successful migrations in Ireland and in Norway. This migration will create the largest integrated liquidity pool in Europe and the largest order book in Europe. It will also allow us to align trading fees in Italy for global players with the European framework. Third, we confirm the execution of the first phase of the European expansion of the Euronext Clearing with the expected launch of the equity clearing offering by Q4 2022. This move will be the first milestone of the transformation of Euronext Clearing. Our goal is clearly to create the Euronext Clearing house of choice for the Euronext cash equity market. This will ensure strategic alignment between Euronext market and its clearing house. This internalization of clearing operations will unlock further development opportunities in various fields such as derivatives. I now hand over to Giorgio Modica for the review of our second quarter performance. Thank you, Stéphane, and good morning, everyone. I would like to start this session with a quick reference to the cash equity trading educational session held in October. For those of you who have missed it, the replay is available on our website. I presented the progress Euronext has made since its IPO in 2014, evolving significantly from the cash equity exchange it was. In 2014, 36% of our revenue was related to cash equity trading, and today only 19.2%. During the last year, Euronext transformed itself into a fully integrated exchange and achieved significant diversification of its revenues away from cash equity trading. Furthermore, Euronext not only diversified in non-volume related activities but also within its trading business. The different businesses we are operating in trading have no or limited correlation one with the other. This quarter illustrates this quite clearly. With the strong performance of FX, our trading and derivatives, despite softer cash equity volumes. Diversification made our business model more robust throughout the different market cycles and allowed us to achieve stable underlying revenues this quarter despite lower volumes. Let's have a look at the performance of our business in the third quarter 2022. I am now on slide nine. The third quarter of 2022 demonstrated the robustness of Euronext's diversified business model in a more challenging environment for cash trading. Euronext's underlying revenue and income was stable compared to the third quarter of 2021 revenue and income, driven by strong results from non-volume related activities and the good performance of derivatives, FX and power trading activities. On a reported basis, revenue and income was down 14% to EUR 301.4 million, reflecting the EUR 49 million non-underlying loss related to the sale of part of Euronext's clearing fixed income portfolio. For tax, the impact is EUR 35 million. Trading revenue was at EUR 117.8 million, down 5.2%, resulting from lower cash equity and MTS Cash volumes, partially offset by the good revenue capture and strong quarter for FX, derivatives, and power trading. Post Trade revenue, excluding net treasury income, grew 3.7% to EUR 86.2 million, driven by the positive performance of clearing, custody, and settlement businesses. Advanced data service revenue increased to EUR 53 million, up 6.3% due to a good performance across the offering. Listing revenue grew 6.3% to EUR 54 million, confirming Euronext's number one position for equity listing in Europe. In terms of revenue mix, the third quarter 2022 non-volume related revenue accounted for 59% of total group revenue, versus 67% the same quarter last year, thanks to the growth of our non-volume related activities. Lastly, Non-volume related revenue covered 138% of our underlying operating costs. Excluding D&A compared to 142% last year. Moving to the next slide for listing. In the third quarter of 2022, listing revenue was EUR 54 million, with an increase of 6.3% compared to the third quarter of 2021. This growth reflects a good performance of annual fees, corporate services, as well as the positive impact of IFRS 15, which allow us to continue benefiting from the exceptional equity listing activity of 2021. During the third quarter of 2022, Euronext maintained its leading position in Europe for primary equity listing, counting 18 new listings in a challenging environment. In the third quarter of 2022, EUR 143.8 million was raised on Euronext primary markets compared to very strong third quarter 2021 with EUR 5.3 billion. As far as secondary issues are concerned, EUR 4.8 billion was raised this quarter. Euronext also reinforced its position as the leading venue for bond listing worldwide, with over 52,500 bonds listed across all Euronext markets. In the third quarter of 2022, EUR 172.8 billion in debt was raised on Euronext markets. Overall, this brings us to a total of EUR 177.7 billion raised in equity and debt on Euronext markets this quarter. Lastly, corporate services continued its growth trajectory, slightly offset by lower webcast activity. Let's have a look now at our trading business. I'm now on slide 11, and I will start with cash trading. In the third quarter of 2022, we observed slower cash equity trading volume, which was partially offset by improved revenue capture. This led to cash trading revenue of EUR 67.3 million this quarter, with a decrease of 10.2% compared to the same quarter last year. Euronext recorded average daily volumes of EUR 9.6 billion, a volume decrease of 11.6% compared to the third quarter of 2021. Despite the more challenging trading environment, Euronext has confirmed its position as the largest, deepest, and most stable single liquidity pool in Europe. Offering the highest quality of execution to its market participants. Average revenue capture of the quarter increased to 0.53 basis points, and the market share averaged 65.9% in line with pre-COVID levels. Both values include Borsa Italiana. Like-for-like, cash trading revenue was down 10.2%. Moving on to derivative trading. Derivative trading revenue was up 3.3% to EUR 14 million as a result of the strong traction of index derivatives and commodity derivatives trading, combined with an enhanced revenue capture. In the third quarter of 2022, average daily volumes on financial derivative were down 12%, year-on-year, reflecting a decrease in equity futures and options trading. This decrease is mainly due to a base effect linked with exceptionally high level of activity of the third quarter of 2021. This quarter, commodity average daily volume increased 1.9%. Overall, revenue capture for derivative reached 0.55 EUR per lot. This is 15% up, mainly linked to a volume mix impact. On a like-for-like basis, derivative trading revenue was up 3.2% compared to the third quarter 2021. Lastly, on fixed income trading. In the third quarter of 2022, fixed income trading reported revenues at EUR 21.4 million, - 9.8% compared to EUR23.8 million in the third quarter of 2021. MTS reported overall good performance in markets dominated by increasing interest rates. In the third quarter of 2022, MTS cash generated EUR 13.1 million of revenue, and MTS Repo generated EUR 5.4 million of revenue. The third quarter saw a strong traction in repo trading, with term Adjusted ADV up 14.7% to EUR 323.2 billion. This partially offset lower MTS Cash average daily volume, down 34% to EUR 15.4 billion, compared to a very strong third quarter of 2021. On a like-for-like basis, fixed income trading revenue was down 9.8% year-on-year. Continue with trading on slide 12. The third quarter of 2022 saw the strong performance of Euronext FX in terms of both revenue and average daily volumes, benefiting from volatility, geographic expansion, and product diversification. Euronext reported average spot FX trading daily volumes of $21.7 billion in the third quarter of 2022, up 24.2% compared to the third quarter of 2021. Spot FX trading revenue increased 30.1% compared to the third quarter of 2021 at EUR 7.3 million. On a like for like basis, FX revenue was up 11.2% compared to the third quarter of 2021. This quarter, power trading reported EUR 7.8 million in revenue, a growth of 23.5% year-on-year, driven by strong volumes, increased footprint of Nord Pool in Central Europe, UK and Ireland, and a strong performance in the North. In the third quarter of 2022, average daily day ahead power traded was 2.39 TWh, 18.5% increase compared to the third quarter of 2021. Average daily intraday power traded was 0.10 TWh, up 76.8% compared to the same quarter last year. On a like for like basis, power trading revenue was up 20.2% compared to the third quarter of 2021. Moving to slide 13, revenue from our post-trade activities excluding net treasury income increased 3.7%, EUR 26.2 million. In the third quarter of 2022, clearing revenue was up 5.5% to EUR 29.1 million due to the strong bond and derivative clearing activity. On a like for like basis, clearing revenue was up as well, 5.5%. As announced in the second quarter of 2022, we have disposed our long term Euronext Clearing fixed income security portfolio maturing after the first May 2023, in order to neutralize future impact of interest rates variation on our net treasury income. This led to a one-off pretax loss of EUR 49 million, EUR 35 million post tax. Adjusted for the one-off impact, net treasury income was at EUR 10.7 million this quarter, in line with the guidance provided in the second quarter of 2022. As a result of the disposal, our surplus regulatory capital for Euronext is expected to increase. The decrease of regulatory capital requirement for Euronext Clearing linked to the investment portfolio will more than compensate the negative impact on available capital of the one-off loss resulting from the disposal. As a reminder, we expect a lower level of Net Treasury Income margin at around 10 basis points in the fourth quarter of 2022 and in the first quarter of 2023, before normalizing at around 20 basis points from the starting of the second quarter of 2023. Finally, as the sale of the portfolio will have no negative impact on the available capital of the group, Euronext confirms its decision that the dividend for the fiscal year 2022 will be adjusted to neutralize any negative impact deriving from this operation. Moving back to the third quarter performance, custody, settlement and other post-trade revenue encompassing the activity of the four CSDs we operate under the Euronext Securities brand, was up 2.8% to EUR 57.1 million. Like for like, custody, settlement and other post-trade revenue was up 0.5%. Moving to slide 14, I would like to use this opportunity to have a look at the seasonality of Euronext securities activity. This is important to properly assess the performance of the quarter. During the last three years, we can observe a seasonal peak of CSD revenue between the second and the third quarter. The explanation for the seasonality is threefold. Firstly, very few general meetings and dividend payments occur in the third quarter, leading to lower revenues related to issuer services and issuance. Secondly, we observe the usual summer slowdown as experienced in other markets like the cash equity market. Thirdly, some specific services are charged twice a year, in the second and in the fourth quarter, and this further contributes to the seasonality. In addition to the seasonality, this slide allow us to illustrate the progress we made over the last three years in growing and diversifying our Euronext securities business, which resulted in a CAGR of 7.3% between third quarter 2019 and third quarter 2022. Moving on to slide 15, Advanced Data Services revenue was up 6.3% to EUR 53 million, driven by strong traction of our core data business, solid index activity and good momentum of the Advanced Data Solutions franchise. On a like-for-like basis, advanced data services revenue was up 6.5% compared to Q3 2021. Investor Services revenue was at EUR 2.5 million this quarter, up 16.3%, reflecting continued commercial expansion of the business, partially offset by a mild reduction in scope. Like-for-like, Investor Services revenue was up 12.2%. Lastly, our Technology Solutions revenue was up 6.7% compared to the third quarter of 2021 to EUR 26 million, reflecting the first full quarter of revenue of the new core data center following the migration on 6th June 2022. On a like-for-like basis, Euronext technology and other revenue was up 6.5% compared to the third quarter 2021. Let's move to slide 17. I would like to convey two messages. The first one is that Euronext costs, as you can see in the graph, are seasonally lower in the third quarter compared to the fourth quarter. Second, in the third quarter 2022, we reported EUR 150.4 million of underlying costs, excluding D&A, an increase of 6.3% compared to the third quarter 2021. Please note that this increase is not related to inflation, but to the post-pandemic context with more travels and more marketing expenses and higher clearing expenses related to the higher clearing activity. Thanks to our continued cost discipline, despite the inflationary environment, we confirm our underlying cost guidance for 2022 at EUR 612 million. This brings us to the next slide with the EBITDA bridge. Euronext Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was down 4.4% to EUR 199.9 million, resulting from stable underlying revenue and the 6.3% increase of underlying operational expenses, as we just discussed. The Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased 2.6 points compared to the third quarter 2021 to 57.1%. On a like to like basis, EBITDA margin was at 57% this quarter and Adjusted EBITDA decreased 5.2%. Finally, I would like to remind you that non-underlying costs, excluding D&A, are mainly related to the integration of Borsa Italiana. Moving to slide 19, to net income. Adjusted net income this quarter was down 5.5% to EUR 129.5 million, resulting from the following elements. First, D&A was broadly stable year-on-year. Second, net financing expenses decreased EUR 10 million with positive FX impact with the revaluation of foreign currency balances. Results from equity investment decreased EUR 10.1 million, as in the third quarter of 2021, we received the dividend of Euroclear and Sicovam, as Stéphane just discussed, which will be paid in the fourth quarter this year. I would like to highlight that the non-underlying items in the bridge are mainly represented by the loss on the sale of the fixed income portfolio and D&A, mainly the PPA amortization of our acquisition. Lastly, income tax for the third quarter 2022 was EUR 27.9 million. This translated into an effective tax rate for the quarter of 26.2%. Reported net income was EUR 75.8 million, and adjusted EPS is down 3.2% to EUR 1.21 per share this quarter. As a reminder, we completed our rights issue in the second quarter of 2021. Even though now the number of shares has stabilized, we will have share count effect on EPS for the next quarter. Moving to the next slide 20, for cash flow generation and leverage. Net operating cash flow post-tax amounted to EUR 318.1 million, and the cash conversion from EBITDA was in excess of 100%. Excluding the impact on working capital from Nord Pool and Euronext Clearing CCP activities, net operating cash flow accounted for 179% of EBITDA. In addition to the working capital impact from CCP, we had a EUR 148 million impact from other operating activities, mainly reflecting accrued VAT payables and receipt of refundable VAT. At the end of the quarter, our net debt to LTM EBITDA ratio was at 2.3 x compared to 2.4 x in the second quarter of 2022. Excluding the non-underlying one-off loss on NTI, net debt to EBITDA reported LTM was at 2.1 x. Moving to slide 21 for the evolution of our liquidity position over the quarter. As we illustrated, our liquidity position remains very strong, above EUR 1.4 billion, including the undrawn RCF of EUR 600 million and excluding the cash in transit at Nord Pool. With this, I would like to give back the floor to Stéphane. Thank you, Giorgio. Once again, I would like to emphasize that for 2022, dividend will not be impacted negatively by the change in our investment portfolio policy, as Giorgio said. In a nutshell, we deliver a solid quarter in a challenging trading environment, thanks to our very diversified business model. The Borsa Italiana Group integration and the delivery of our cost guidances are both on track. We are very confident in our ability to continue to control inflation in order to meet our 2022 cost guidance. Looking forward to 2023, our diversified business model combined with our continued cost discipline give us the confidence to face the macroeconomic challenges ahead of us and to continue creating value for our clients and for our shareholders. I'm now available for your questions together with Giorgio Modica, Anthony Attia, and Simon Gallagher. Thank you very much. Ladies and gentlemen, as a reminder, if you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. We'll now take our first question from Arnaud Giblat of BNP. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Yeah, good morning. I've got three questions, please. Firstly on net interest income, you mentioned here that essentially the net interest margins come in and the cash balances have stayed stable, and that's why we've seen a decline in NII. I'm just wondering if you could talk a bit more about the outlook and how that's likely to evolve in the coming quarters. My second question is with regards to market data. Historically, you have been able to put up prices. We've seen a bit of inflation come through from, in some of your peers in market data, although it's not, I mean, pricing more in other areas. I'm just wondering whether you can apply some repricing in there in 2023. My final question is on M&A. I'm just wondering how you are viewing M&A under your framework of ROCE greater than WACC, in the context of the cost of debt and the equity risk premium generally going up. Has your WACC evolved? How are you thinking about M&A versus the opportunity perhaps in the longer term of buying back your own shares? Thank you, Arnaud. I'll take the question on M&A, and Giorgio will comment on the balance sheet outlook for the company. Giorgio will also cover your first question on the NTI and market data pricing. On the M&A front, as everyone appreciates it, we are in a moving environment where valuations are being reassessed by markets across the board. All stock prices under pressure, the valuation of some of the targets that everyone is looking at is also under pressure. We are in a very changing environment. The usual competition in the M&A environment from private equity players is also changing. Access to leverage for some of them were usual competing bidders in some assets is evolving. Some of them who are owners of assets that might be of interest to us to diversify our revenue streams are also not necessarily under pressure, but have to revisit their exit options. The overall environment for rotation of assets is changing both for potential buyers and for potential sellers. In this environment, clearly, the cost of debt is changing. The parameters to return on capital employed are moving, and we are monitoring all of those. What I'm trying to convey, Arnaud, is that the whole environment is changing above and beyond the cost of debt. I leave the floor to Giorgio to be more specific on how we are approaching this environment, in particular in a situation, you know, in a context where the deleveraging of Euronext is continuing. What I want to say is that on the share buyback approach, because this issue was raised by some investors, for the moment, we take the view that retaining balance sheet flexibility, retaining the optionality to deploy capital for acquisitions, retaining the means that are needed to further grow is probably a better use of our capital than the share buyback for the moment. Giorgio? I mean, three comments on my side, on balance sheet and leverage, and then I will tackle the question on NTI and on market data. The first element is that with the sell down of the portfolio of Euronext Clearing, formerly CC&G, we are as well reducing and improving the creditworthiness of the group that we hope would translate into better rating and therefore a higher financial flexibility. Which means that to a certain extent our profile is slightly better than what the 2.1 x net leverage would suggest. This is the first comment. The second comment I would like to make is that clearly when we are looking at the cash on our balance sheet, we are looking as well at the cost opportunity of that cash. Clearly, now is much different from what it was even a few months ago, considering the refinancing rates that we would incur should we again increase our leverage or seek to do that. When it comes to the NTI, just to be clear, what is going to happen is the following. We have disposed the long-term part of our portfolio. Therefore, we have reduced the interest rate mismatch in our clearing business. Before we had 100% of our liability that were indexed on the variable rate, but only 75% of the assets. Now we have reduced that to 10%. From today to the first of May next year, we will progressively let the portfolio of CC&G mature and reinvest initially. This is what explains the fact that for two quarters, we will have a lower level of NTI at 10 basis points. Then starting from the second quarter next year, at that point, we will have 100% of the asset and liability indexed on variable ECB rate. Therefore, the further evolution of interest rates will have no impact on our net treasury income. We assess that 20 basis points is the level that we can maintain again, despite the underlying interest. With respect to your question on market data, the answer is yes. A price increase in line with inflation was already communicated to clients. More specifically, the main price changes for market data are communicated around the middle of the year, June, July, and reflect the inflation of the previous year. For next year, inflation in prices is going to be around 5%, and this is a process that we've always followed. By the same token, next year in June, we will revise prices taking into consideration the actual inflation of 2022 and in 2024, the inflation of the previous year. That's great. Thank you. Thank you. We'll move on to our next question from Kyle Voigt of KBW. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Hi, good morning. Maybe a couple questions on expenses. First question, you know, you've done a nice job at containing inflationary pressures this year. As we look out towards next year, I'm just wondering if you're seeing any signs of those inflationary pressures beginning to ease at all, or have those been relatively persistent? Second question on expenses. You know, you highlighted good resilience in your revenues in the third quarter with revenues flat year-on-year. However, if the macro environment continues to worsen from here, and we're in a scenario where revenues begin to decline year-on-year, can you remind us how much flexibility there is to pull back on the cost base, maybe naturally, in terms of variable expenses? Would there be other levers that you have to pull in terms of a more challenging managing through a more challenging revenue environment if that were to come to fruition? I'll give you the big picture and if Giorgio wants to elaborate or complement, he's welcome to it. You have to understand that cost management has been a fundamental feature of the development of Euronext since 2015, 2016. We are not waiting for pressure on top line or for changing macro environment to deploy all sorts of mechanism internally to create extreme reactivity on cost management. We are not surprised by the current environment, and we have already, we're in the process of finalizing the budget for 2023. As you can imagine, we take appropriate measures. For us, cost management in difficult macro environment is not something new, because it's just, it's cost management or stress testing on the cost front. Every unit in the organization is part of business as usual. It's not like in other organizations that are fatter, a panic mode development. It's just very ordinary course of business. I want to insist on that because effective cost management is not intellectually complicated. It's culturally complex. Organizations that are strong at managing costs are organizations where the culture of efficiency and cost discipline is deployed everywhere. It's very long to put in place, and it's very effective when it exists. That should be very clear. We have all sorts of measures for adjusting for cost base even further. Now, when it comes to your first question about persistent inflation, it's clear. We have some areas where our cost base is more impacted by inflation than in other areas. I mean, clearly, energy, which is an issue for our data centers. In most cases, we can pass to our co-located clients and users the cost of energy to our clients for buildings, but it's marginal compared to our cost base. We have increase of prices in technology, in hardware and software, in some professional services. Insurances or all these types of areas. Clearly we have to manage very carefully the pressure on labor costs. We are doing that in very differentiated granular manner. There will not be any dumbed down general increase of labor costs. Clearly we have to do it in a very differentiated manner because our teams are spread across Europe and the inflation rates in Europe are very different. As you know, in countries like France is between 5%-6% inflation, whereas in the Netherlands it's close to 17%. We have to address the impact of inflation on labor costs in a super differentiated manner, in a granular manner. That's the best way to control it and to mitigate the impact for 2023 of the inflation. The relation between inflation and labor costs. Giorgio, do you want to complement or to add more specific comments? No, just to comment. Clearly, the inflationary environment gives us an opportunity as well to look at inflationary trend on revenues as well. We discussed market data, but market data is not going to be the only area on which we will reflect the increased cost into revenues. The second element is that our cost base is largely fixed. Having said that, there is no fixed cost in the midterm, which means that should there be anything above and beyond what we are expecting, I believe that we would have the opportunity to revise our fixed cost base to make sure that we will deliver in any scenario the target performance for 2024. Great. Thank you very much. Thank you. We'll move on to our next question from Haley Tam of Credit Suisse. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Morning. Thank you very much for taking my questions. If I dare, could I ask a question about revenue capture, please, and then also one about your synergies. In terms of revenue capture, obviously your cash trading yield was high this quarter at 0.53 basis points. Thank you for the education session you did give us a few weeks ago. Can you talk to us about the sustainability at this level and how much of the improvement in Q3 was due to the liquidity programs and the customer segmentation you've talked about? If you could help me understand the possible uplift from a migration of the Borsa Italiana to a Euronext fee schedule next March. Could you tell us what the current yield is excluding Borsa Italiana? If I can, a question on the synergies just to confirm, you know, the EUR 24.4 million run rate that you're at the moment with the migration of Borsa to Optiq in March, should I expect that to account for or to let us see most of the move to your original EUR 60 million target, which I think was set, excluding any Euronext Clearing uplift? Thank you. Hi, this is. Go ahead, Simon. Yeah. Simon Gallagher. I'll answer your questions. So first of all, in terms of the yield performance in Q3 and the good yield performance, this was primarily due to the lower volume environment we witnessed over the quarter. As more volumes were going through the higher priced lower volume tranches of the fee grid. Secondly, in terms of outlook for the yield, I think we're going into an era now where the pricing programs we're going to roll out going forward will be slightly more focused on capturing incremental volumes at a slightly lower marginal yield. Some of the pricing schemes you've seen us roll out in recent months have involved subscription fees for the first time. These are very small volumes going through these pricing schemes at the moment. I think, you know, and Giorgio, please correct me, but I think some of the yield numbers we saw over the last year with smaller trade sizes contributing significantly to the yield numbers. I think we've seen sort of the top end of the yield numbers. Going forward into next year, there will be a number of important points in yield management, notably the integration of the Borsa Italiana volumes onto the Euronext fee grids and the new Euronext fee grids, which will apply at that point. There will be further opportunities at the end of March for further yield enhancement and segmentation on the legacy Borsa business. I don't know, Giorgio, in terms of any more outlook, if you want me to be any more precise, please tell me. Maybe a few comments on my side. Just to make a step back. Before the integration of Borsa Italiana, we got it for five-zero type of sustainable margin. Now we are running, excluding Borsa Italiana in excess of 10% above that. If you look at the combination between the market share and the revenue capture, this is still very positive. Clearly we are not in the previous situation where we have had exceptionally high market share and exceptionally high level of revenue capture. The fundamental reason for us to benefit from higher revenue capture remains intact. Euronext remains the point of price formation, and we are. Simon is spending more and more time to clients to make it even more evident. What I would say is the following. That in terms of the long-term sustainable rate, nothing has changed, and we are running above what we define as a long-term sustainable target. If we adjust the 0.50% for the integration of Borsa Italiana, this would put us in a couple of basis points at 0.47%-0.48%, and we are running at 0.53%. Before the integration of Borsa Italiana, clearly we are in a good spot. The slightly dilutive measure will have a very limited impact on the overall revenue capture. The key message is, Euronext remains the point of price formation. We believe that in the long term we can sustain the level that we thought were sustainable in the long run at the level of around 0.50 basis point as we said. On the second question, on synergies, I cannot give too granular a feedback and we will give more details in the fourth quarter. What I can say is clearly by the end of 2023, most of the synergies communicated will be delivered on a run-rate basis. This clearly is something that we can confirm today. Thank you. Thank you. Now, we'll move on to our next question from Bruce Hamilton of Morgan Stanley. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Thanks very much. A couple of questions from me. One, just going back to sort of the NTI or NII on clearing looking forward. I think if I heard correctly, you're saying, you know, think around sort of 20 basis points on the cash collateral. Are we saying that it's you're pretty insensitive to rates moving higher, or do you get any benefit as rates move higher or the curve steepens, i.e., you're paying overnight but then investing in sort of one, three months, just to understand how that could sort of move in a high rate environment. Secondly, on the sort of opportunities on the revenue side, I think in the past you've talked about the potential to roll out MTS internationally. I just wondered, you know, where you are on that and how big an opportunity that is, or whether, you know, we shouldn't be assuming too much from that. Thank you. On MTS, I'll make the point and then on NTI, Giorgio will answer the question. Progress on MTS internalizations are happening. It's a slow development. What I can tell you is that in certain countries, like for example, France, progress have been significant in terms of volumes already. It's a slow motion exercise because it's all about entering into detailed dialogues with the debt management offices that do not use the MTS platform for secondary trading for the moment, convincing them that this is a solution that is complementary to the historic relationship we have with the primary dealers clubs, and human interactions with the primary dealers. It's a long process. What we are observing is that in a context where interest rates are increasing, where secondary trading becomes more important as it used to be in a negative or very low interest rate environment, there is more opening and willingness by debt management offices across Europe to listen to the added value of MTS solution. It's real, but it's slow. It's starting to materialize. Giorgio? Just maybe a quick comment on MTS. In the EUR 15.4 billion of cash volumes, what we're seeing is, for example, higher share coming from the trading of French government bonds at a level which is unprecedented. We are starting to see some first sign of positive traction. As Stéphane said, I mean, it's something that needs to be developed. When it comes to NTI, just to be clear, the 20 basis points and the current strategy we're adopting. It would make us immune to changes of interest rate, and therefore, we would not benefit from the increase of interest rate. We would have assets at variable rates and liabilities at variable rates. We would have fixed spread between the two. Our strategy does not include, for the moment, any optimization to take advantage of the EUR 20 billion of collateral that sits with Euronext Clearing at the moment, and those billion might further increase following the increase of activity of Euronext Clearing. What it would take for us to take a more different stance would be, I believe, a few elements. The first one is a normalization of the environment. An environment where interest rates are slightly more predictable than today. Really the assessment and the right balance between risk and reward of the investment of part of the collateral. But for the time being, and to be at once straight to your question is, with the strategy, we would be insensitive to interest rates. We would make 20 basis points on collateral, and we would not take any counterparty risk because our counterparty would be the ECB. Great. Thank you. Thank you. We'll take our next question from Ian White of Autonomous Research. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Hi. Morning. Thanks for taking my questions. Just a couple from me, please. First, just to sort of wrap up on cash equity trading. Have we seen all of the market share pressure there now? Can we expect stability or even growth in the market share again from here? It sounds like, again, you're sort of reiterating that this is sort of a post-pandemic anomaly. Just wanted to clarify that we're kind of through that now. Secondly, I just wondered if you could perhaps say a bit more about how taking ownership of the data center might benefit your next business over the medium term. Might it help you to increase volumes from some of the larger market makers since you now own directly the terms of service for high-frequency trading firms, for example? Are there any other particular opportunities we should be thinking about in terms of how the data center feeds back into the wider group? Thanks very much. On the data center front, there are two areas of development. The first one will be clearly commented by Simon in a minute. In addition to the impact on volumes, we are developing our co-location services with broader complementary services offered to either market participants or to partners that are not necessarily market participants, but want to benefit from the quality of our co-location services for other purposes. We have launched a new offering, and we are starting to see traction for not directly uptick-related co-location services. We should think about the data center as a new avenue of revenues in terms of technology solutions and as an enabler to more volumes or development in our cash equities, equity trading or any of the other assets trading revenues. Simon, over to you. Thank you, Stéphane. Firstly, on the market share question. You know, there's been no doubt since the post-COVID era that the level of competitive intensity on the core cash equities trading business has reverted to pre-COVID levels. I think it's very good to put, you know, the recent movement in context. It wasn't too long ago that some of the big primary markets, including ourselves, had market shares below 60% in, I think it was 2014. I think we have seen movements in recent months. As Giorgio has underlined previously on the call, we dispose of probably more tools in our box of pricing schemes and liquidity schemes than any other market. This week, this is all public information, we rolled out a new version of our flagship blue-chip liquidity scheme. We're seeing very positive initial results on this with a positive effect on market share in the last three days, outperforming peers, in particular. I think what we're seeing is just a simple reversion to the competitive intensity which was part of everyday life pre-COVID, and we're well equipped to deal with that at Euronext. Secondly, just to comment, Stéphane's comment on the data center. In addition to the incremental revenues from handling the data center ourselves from an operational perspective, you know, we offer smart hands services, we offer lots of new value-added services, and we're looking at offering non-co-located customers space in the building as well. The impact on this in terms of liquidity is gonna take a longer period to settle down. In the immediate months since migration, the liquidity impact was surprisingly stable for Euronext, which was very good news. Obviously there's increased latency between ourselves and some of the technology setups of the big banks in London, but all this went very smoothly. Going forward, I think the big change we'll see is a gradual shift of infrastructure, maybe from the U.K. environment by the big investment banks to the triangle of liquidity which is emerging between Zurich, Bergamo, and Frankfurt. When these shifts of infrastructures happen from the big U.S. investment banks, I think this is when we'll start to see the center of sort of the liquidity in latency terms shifting to this new center of gravity in Europe, which will just dominate volumes in Europe. It's very early days to see, you know, the liquidity benefits, but it's definitely going in that direction of travel. Hopefully that adds some color to Stéphane's answer. That's very interesting. Thanks for those points. Thank you. We'll take our next question from Tobias Lukesch of Kepler Cheuvreux. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Yes, good morning. Thank you. Two questions on my side, both half answered, so bear with me, please. I would like to, again, touch a little bit on the very positive integration, Stéphane, you highlighted basically for that quarter. Looking into Q4, I was wondering, since we hardly saw any FX on the synergy side and also integration cost-wise, how we should think about Q4 in particular. You just highlighted basically the outline for 2023, which is very helpful. On the cost side, I mean, you said you're now in the planning mode. There will be an update next year with a clear cost target. I was wondering, you know, like, if there's a little hint we could use for basically next year, especially maybe Q1, Q2, on the underlying cost side? Thank you. The only thing I can give you in terms of guidance is to reiterate our cost guidance for 2022, which, as you may remember, was revised upwards, and that we confirmed our cost guidance for 2022 despite inflationary pressure on 2022. The other thing I can confirm is our guidance in terms of EBITDA growth for the end of 2024, as announced in November 2021. At this stage, we cannot provide you any guidance for costs in 2023, nor more specifically for Q1 or Q2. On the Q4 synergies, I think quarterly reporting does not necessarily reflect the pace of significant milestones. Clearly, this quarter was relatively calm in terms of real milestones in terms of run rate synergies. Q4, we have more run rate synergies to be reported. 2023 will be a very significant year in terms of run rate synergies in particular, but not only, but in particular because of the Optiq migration, which will have impact on cost, material impact on cost, and possibly the end of the transition service agreement with LSEG related to the MillenniumIT technology services provided by the London Stock Exchange Group to Borsa Italiana. Also in terms of internal costs, in terms of professional services that have been deployed to organize this migration, but also in terms of revenues, as indicated earlier, with the harmonization of the fee structure for global players operating on the Italian market with the European fee environment, Euronext. 2023 will be very material. Q4 will be an active quarter in terms of synergies. I just want to highlight that, what is important is that we confirm the overall ambition and target and objective to deliver, by the end of 2024, EUR 100 million of EBITDA expansion for the group, compared to what it was in 2022. the pace from quarter to quarter is. Thank you very much. If I may ask again on the outlook you gave for 2023. If I get that correctly, you said most of these EUR 60 million revenue synergies you were expecting to realize by 2023. Did I get that correctly? What I was saying is that most of the EUR 100 million synergy are expected to be delivered in 2023, including cost and revenues. Sorry, I had a bad line. It's the underlying cost, so it's more on the EUR 40 million side that you expect that full effect to hit by the end of 2023? No, no. What I said is, most of the 100 million, the total target. Yeah. Most of the total synergy target, on a run rate basis, is expected to be delivered in 2023. Revenues and costs, the two. Okay. Well understood now. Thank you very much. We'll move on to our next question from Andrew Coombs of Citi. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Morning. I think most of mine have been answered, but perhaps I could just ask on financing. I guess three parts to the question. Firstly, you've actually had a positive move both year-on-year and QoQ in the net financing income expense, which you put down to FX translation, but perhaps you could elaborate on that. Secondly, if I look at the split of your gross debt, and you helpfully put it in slide 21 as well, it all seems to be fixed. Just if you could just confirm that there's nothing floating rate in there. Then finally, given the move that we're seeing in rates, does that impact on your thought process on M&A, how big you'd be willing to go? You obviously said you want to keep flexibility, but does the change in rates and potential implications for financing impact on your thought process as far as M&A is concerned? Thank you. Yeah. To answer your question, yes. Correctly, the reduction of net treasury income this quarter is mainly related to the FX. We have the revaluation of the stock in foreign currency that have appreciated against the euro. As a general trend, we are looking at the decrease, which is going to be recurring over time because more and more we will be able to have a positive interest rate on our billion of cash. This year, this quarter, to a certain extent, there is very specific FX impact. If we look at the next quarters into 2023, we might see as well a positive trend coming from cashing in on the opportunity cost of cash. When it comes to your question, do we factor the cost of debt into M&A? The answer is clearly yes. Despite the fact that we have a very favorable rate today, our EUR 3 billion have an average maturity slightly higher than eight year with a rate of 1%. We are very fortunate to have locked in for a very long time a good rate. Despite that, in assessing any opportunity in the financial structure, we do take into consideration the prevailing market conditions, which are very different from what they were even only 12 months ago. If you can remind me your second question because I didn't get it correctly, I want to make sure I get it right. I guess the other two parts were just making sure that all of the gross debt is fixed. There isn't any floating component within it. Finally, just how you think about M&A in the context of more expensive financing now? I can confirm that 100% of our debt is fixed. Whereas just as a reference, the same quarter last year, we had a swap in place that was terminated last quarter that allowed us to save money. The decrease in terms of cost of financing is even higher considering that this quarter we are not benefiting from the hedge we had. When it comes to the side, again, I can repeat what I just said. In assessing any acquisition, we do consider the new and prevailing financing condition. This is what I can say. This is part of a framework. What we do consider, and I can reiterate what we already said, is that our long-term objective is to remain a strong investment grade. Financing costs are part of that equation. The other element that I would like to underline again is that we have today more flexibility than we had just a few months ago because of the decision to reduce our fixed income portfolio, because that fixed income portfolio was one of the important element triggering a notch downgrade for clearing risk. I believe that this contributes as well to increase potentially the envelope available to us for future M&A. That's very helpful. Thank you. We'll now take our last question from Michael Werner of UBS. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Thank you very much. I had a question regarding the Euronext clearing opportunities. Can you just tell me where you are with regards to the potential opportunity to clear the derivatives that are traded within Euronext? I know currently you have a contract with LCH for LCH Paris to clear that, I think through 2027. Is there, you know, when should we think about that from a timing perspective? When is your first opportunity to exit that contract? And if you could provide any color with regards to the cost of that exit and when that should feed through from a revenue perspective into Euronext? Thank you. A few considerations. The first one is unfortunately, for many reasons, I cannot answer as precisely as your question would suggest. What I can say is unfortunately in general, is the fact that, as Euronext, we are mandated to migrate and to extend the activity of Euronext Clearing to clear the derivatives of the whole Euronext franchise. However, to do that, this is a decision-making process on timing which is not concluded, and therefore I cannot elaborate further. Once we will have completed this process, we will inform and follow the necessary steps. Just to give you a very clear indication, it's clearly we will need to. I mean, we will need to follow a number of very precise steps and, the decision-making process on the timing, is not over yet. Unfortunately, I cannot comment further. Thank you. Can I just quick follow up? You said that most of the EUR 100 million of synergy opportunities should be delivered on a run rate basis by the end of next year. I can presume that any impact coming from the internalization of derivative clearing is not included in that EUR 100 million? Again, I cannot comment further and add any detail that might entail the date of a potential termination of our derivative clearing arrangement with LCH. Okay. Thank you very much. Thank you. There are no further questions. I'll now hand you back to your host to conclude today's conference. Thank you. Thank you very much for your time, and I wish you a very good day. Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's call. Thank you for your participation. Stay safe. You may now disconnect.