Hello, and welcome to the BAT pre-close trading update. I will now hand over to Victoria Buxton to begin today's call. Thank you. Good morning, everybody. I'm Victoria Buxton, Group Head of Investor Relations, and with me this morning are Tadeu Marroco, our Chief Executive, and Soraya Benchikh, our Chief Financial Officer. Welcome to our 2024 first half pre-close conference call. I hope you're all well, and I'd like to thank you for taking the time to join us this morning. Before I begin, I need to draw your attention to the cautionary statement regarding forward-looking statements, as well as the notes and disclaimer contained in the trading update. Unless stated otherwise, our comments will focus on constant currency-adjusted measures, and all share data is year-to-date average to March 2024 versus full year 2023 average. I will now hand over to Tadeu, and as a reminder, there'll be an opportunity to ask questions later in the call. Thank you, Victoria. Good morning, everyone, and welcome. Let me begin by welcoming our new CFO, Soraya Benchikh, who joined us last month. This is a return to BAT for Soraya, who spent over two decades contributing to our strategic direction, working across three continents before moving to Diageo in 2019. Soraya is a great addition to our leadership team, bringing an external perspective and a wealth of senior leadership and financial experience. I'm looking forward to working closely together to drive our strategic agenda and financial returns. I will now hand over to Soraya, who will share a few introductory comments. Thank you, Tadeu, and good morning, everyone. I am very excited to be back at BAT at what I see as a pivotal time in our transformation journey. Having just arrived, I'm looking forward to engaging with you over the coming months and sharing more details about my key priorities. As Tadeu highlighted, I have enjoyed an extensive global career within BAT, both in finance and general management, in markets and regions that offered a wide variety of different challenges, but also opportunities, mostly in the combustible space. When I left, our new category business was small at group level, with only around GBP 1 billion of revenue and was still loss-making. Over the last five years, our new categories have become a material driver of our performance, delivering over GBP 3 billion of revenues and becoming profitable two years ahead of target. One of my first priorities as CFO is to ensure we continue to effectively manage the increased complexity of our multi-category business, and we will achieve this through our strategic focus on quality growth, driving a more balanced top and bottom line performance, enabling us to deliver consistent and sustainable financial results and enhance cash returns for our shareholders. I will now hand back to Tadeu, who will talk you through our current trading. Thank you, Soraya. Our performance year to date is in line with our expectations, and we are on track to deliver our guidance of low single-digit revenue and adjusted profit from operations growth on an organic constant currency base in 2024. As previously highlighted, we expect our performance to be second half-weighted, driven by wholesale inventory movements related to continued investment in our U.S. commercial actions, as well as the phasing of new launches. Our guidance also reflects ongoing macroeconomic pressures, particularly in the U.S. market. As a result, we expect our H1 revenue and adjusted profit from operations to be down by low single digits on an organic constant currency basis. I'm particularly pleased that we have continued to make good progress driving new category profitability and expect this to continue in the second half as we deliver accelerating returns on our more targeted investments, particularly in heated products and modern oral through our quality growth focus. Now, turning to combustibles. Well, our group volume share is up 30 basis points, driven by a good performance in EMA and APMEA, and a stabilizing performance in the U.S.. Value share is down 10 basis points, reflecting adverse geographic mix and the impact of our commercial actions in the U.S., partially offset by stronger performance in EMA and APMEA. The U.S. macroeconomic environment remains challenging, with consumers continuing to feel stretched, driven by slower-than-expected growth, stubborn inflation, and interest rates remaining high. In addition, the ongoing proliferation of illicit flavored, single-use vapors and lack of effective enforcement is continuing to impact industry volumes. As a result, combustible industry volume is down around 9% year to date and around 11% in excluding the deep discount segment where we are not present. Looking at the broader macro context, we see some early positive macro indicators with real wage growth and strength in the aggregate household balance sheets. In addition, consumer confidence has started to track more positively as since the end of last year. While the recovery is lower than we had expected at our results in February, we continue to expect some improvements in macros as we move through the second half, which is expected now to benefit our 2025 delivery. As previously highlighted, we expect our H1 performance to be impacted by continued investments in our U.S. commercial actions and the related phasing of wholesale inventory movements, with the latter expected to unwind in the second half of the year. We expect the majority of investments in our previously announced commercial initiatives to have been completed by the end of H1, and are encouraged by their continued traction. This underpins our confidence in our H2 weighted performance. Our price investment and laddering strategy, including the introduction of Newport Soft Pack in key states, together with the continued strong performance of Natural American Spirit, has driven a further sequential improvement in our premium segment volume share, up 40 basis points year to date. In addition, we are sharpening our execution to further strengthen our portfolio over the medium to long term, by increasing the number of trade representatives by around 10%, further expanding our retail contract coverage, and upgrading our digital data analytics. While at industry level, the premium segment remains under pressure, the pace of volume and share growth in the deep discount segment has been sequentially slowing over the last 12 months. This is benefiting the branded value segment, mainly driven by Lucky Strike, which remains the fastest growing U.S. combustible brand. In EMA and APMEA, we have continued to deliver robust combustibles pricing, with both regions delivering value and volume share gains year to date, and key markets driving our H1 financial performance in these regions include Germany, Romania, Pakistan, and Mexico. Moving to new categories. In vapor, Vuse maintained global value share leadership at 41.1% in tracked channels in key markets, with gains in AME up 20 basis points, offset by the U.S., down 90 basis points. While we held our U.S. value share leadership at 51.5%, our financial performance has been impacted by the continued growth of illegal single-use vapors. Our value share performance in AME is driven by France, Germany, and Poland. More broadly in AME, we are seeing continued polyuse benefiting the vapor category. This month, we are starting to roll out our new single-use vapor, Vuse Go 2.0, featuring enhanced taste and design, and a removable battery, with substantial further launch planned through the remainder of 2024. As a result, in combination with further innovation rollouts under the closed system format, we expect accelerating volume and revenue performance in the second half. In heated products, glo's volume share of segment in key markets has sequentially improved since January, with year-to-date volume share down just 20 basis points versus our 110 basis points decline in 2023. This improvement has been driven by the encouraging consumer response to our new innovations, glo Hyper Pro, with enhanced consumables in early launch markets, and the continued strong performance from our non-tobacco range Vuse. Enabled by the IP settlement with PMI early in the year, Pro is an important first step in our ambition to significantly strengthen our performance in heated products. Pro is our first device to compete in the premium segment, which represents around 7% of industry value, with comparable price position to other premium products. In Japan, our volume share has significantly improved, down just 20 basis points year to date, versus a decline of 170 basis points in 2023, driven by the national rollout of Pro and consumables during Q1. In addition, in May, we launched our new consumables with StickSeal technology, combining the same enhanced tobacco flavor and satisfaction as our new range, with improved features resulting in no debris and requiring less cleaning after use. Similarly, in Italy, glo's volume share has stabilized year to date, down 10 basis points, versus a decline of 108 basis points in 2023. This follows the launch of Pro at the start of the year, with the rollout of our enhanced consumables range from April, expected to provide further share growth momentum. In Poland, glo's share was up 50 basis points, driven by the launch of Pro and consumables in early Q1. In Czech Republic, while our volume share was flat year to date, our performance re-accelerated following the launch of glo Hyper Pro in March. Vuse was the first non-tobacco heated product in all 17 markets where it has been launched, and is strongly outperforming competing products in every market. With just nine European markets having implemented the flavor ban in October 2023, and implementation in remaining markets phased through 2024, we are confident that Vuse will continue to drive positive share momentum. We expect our H1 volume and revenue performance to be impacted by a stronger comparator relating to our price repositioning in Japan and Italy in the middle of last year, and the phased rollout of our new innovations this year. Despite this, we expect our volume and revenue performance to strongly accelerate in the second half, driven by the early consumer response and step up in sequential volume share in markets where our innovations have been launched. We are starting to drive a more balanced top line and bottom line delivery in heated products, supported by the more premium price points achieved by our latest innovations. As a result, we expect a strong improvement in category contribution in both H1 and for the full year.... Moving to modern oral. Velo continues to deliver a strong financial performance. Modern oral is a fast-growing category, driving our volume share of total oral in key markets up 80 basis points, reaching 10.3%, with Velo continuing its strong international performance. Our leadership in EMA, with 65% volume share of the modern oral category, reflects the strength of our position in both established oral markets like Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, and also our strong momentum in newer launch markets, including the UK and Poland. The category continues to develop quickly, with newer markets now representing a quarter of industry volume. While our volume share of modern oral in key markets is down 10 basis points, driven by the large U.S. market, we are encouraged by early results from the phased U.S. rollout of our refreshed Velo brand expression, with volume share of modern oral stabilized at 4.5%, driven by 13.5% volume share in our New York pilot, up 280 basis points. In addition, following positive consumer testing, we have started to roll out Grizzly Modern Oral nationally in the U.S., building on the growing trend of traditional oral consumers moving to modern oral. We continue to take further steps towards broadening accessibility of our new categories through unlocking emerging market opportunities, and Velo continues to deliver strong volume growth in Pakistan and South Africa. Turning to regulation, I am determined to manage our transformation responsibly and transparently. We continue to prioritize shaping a sustainable future and continue to call for more appropriate regulation and enforcement of new categories. In the U.S., while we need to see more action to drive a meaningful impact at the national level, we welcome the growing momentum across multiple enforcement levels. 20 states have proposed vapor directory and enforcement bills to tackle illicit products, while legislation enacted in 3 states to date. In Louisiana, the first state to implement both a vapor directory and enforcement legislation in October 2023, we are seeing early signs of illicit products volume decline, with a view to capturing the majority of the volume outflow back into the legal segment. In addition, a further 8 states have also passed enforcement legislation in 2024. The FDA, in collaboration with the U.S. Customs and Border Protection, has issued over 450 vapor-related import refusals this year. The FDA continues to update a red list of illicit products to be detained at the border, which it now includes scope for entire manufacturers and distributors rather than only specific SKUs. The International Trade Commission continues to investigate our complaint into these illicit products, given the majority, if not all, are imported to the U.S. through a handful of ports. Our U.S. teams continue to actively engage with government agencies and federal and state law authorities, using all the tools available to drive better enforcement. While we are optimistic that these actions will create a more level playing field in time, given the scale and proliferation of these products, which we estimate to represent over 60% of the total U.S. vapor market and the phasing of enactment of recent state regulation, we do not expect government engagement actions to have any meaningful impact on our 2024 performance or guidance. Federal authorities in the U.S. recently announced that additional time is needed to consider the impact of the proposed U.S. federal menthol ban. We continue to believe that the weight of scientific evidence available does not support a ban on menthol, and that there are more effective ways to reduce tobacco harm. Turning to cash, BAT is a highly cash-generative business, and we expect to deliver operating cash flow conversion in excess of 90% again in 2024, enabled by our continuous improvement mindset and further optimizing resource allocation. In addition, I am pleased with our progress in enhancing financial flexibility, driven by our continued strong cash flow generation and the completion of a partial monetization of our stake in ITC, enabling the initiation of sustainable share buyback, starting with GBP 700 million in 2024, and GBP 900 million in 2025. We are making good progress on the leverage and expect to be within our narrow-narrowed target range of 2-2.5x adjusted net debt to adjusted EBITDA by year-end 2024. We are pleased that following our 2023 full year results, S&P revised their outlook from negative to stable based on our deleverage progress, continued positive momentum in new categories, including profitability two years ahead of the original target, and our narrowed leverage corridor. In addition, in March, Fitch upgraded our rating to BBB+ stable outlook. In April, we completed a liability management exercise to repurchase some long-dated bonds. We utilized surplus cash to create extra leverage headroom by targeting bonds from 2040-2055, priced well below full value. The transaction was well received and allowed us to opt to upsize our initial scope. Through this, we bought back GBP 1.8 billion worth of bonds with a cash spend of GBP 1.2 billion, which means around GBP 600 million of net debt reduction. To conclude, before we move to Q&A, our year-to-date performance is in line with our expectations, and we are on track to deliver on guidance. I'm clear the investment decisions we are making will set the business up for a stronger future. While there is still more to do, I'm confident that our actions are working, and I'm encouraged by our continued traction in the U.S. combustibles, performance indicators of glo Hyper Pro with enhanced consumables in early launch markets, and the continued success of Vuse in Europe. Together with the phasing of Vuse Go 2.0 rollouts, lapping a more favorable competitor in APMEA, and the unwind of U.S. wholesaler inventory phasing, we expect an acceleration of group volume, revenue, and profit performance in the second half of the year. Looking forward, guided by our refining strategy, we will further build on our delivery in 2025 and as we move towards 3%-5% revenue and mid-single-digit adjusted profit from operations growth on an organic constant currency base by 2026. Thank you for listening, and I will now open up the call to your questions. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. Please ensure your line is unmuted locally, as you will be advised when to ask your question. So once again, that's star one, if you would like to ask a question. Our first question comes from the line of Rashad Kawan from Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead. Hey, good morning, guys. Thanks for taking my questions. Two for me, please. First one, on the U.S., you talked about signs, you know, early signs of recovery in that market, but, but it's slower than you had expected at the start of the year today, though. Can you talk a bit about, you know, what you're seeing on the ground, any change in consumer sentiment, and in terms of inventory moves, are they related to the commercial actions you've taken, or just kinda normal phasing that you expect to unwind in H2? And then second question, I know obviously you reset expectations on top line and EBIT for the next few years in December of last year. You've announced the CMD in October. I know it's a few months away, but can you give us a brief preview of what we can expect, is it new targets, drawing out certain geographies, new categories, et cetera? Thank you. Okay, thank you for the question. On the U.S., when I mean that the performance is not aligned with what we expect in the beginning of the year, at that point in time we were expecting a bit earlier interest rates reduction, which didn't materialize. We are now seeing the potential interest rates reduction more towards the end of the year. There is a lot of consumer sentiment that is linked with the stretch, which comes from different fronts, but also from the interest rate side. We have seen from past economic cycles that when interest rates start to come down, household balance sheets start to strengthening, and the consumer sentiment start to turn into more positive. You see reflection of that in our consumption of our products. So it's just, you know, the fact that the stubborn inflation and the consequence Fed initiative to prolong the interest rate at this current level will put some more pressure than we were originally expecting. Although in our guidance, as I said in February, we were really not expecting any meaningful improvement from the macros at this point in time. If anything, the elasticity of cigarettes in the U.S., we continue to see around 0.4. So the U.S. is still one of the most affordable markets for cigarettes in the world when you compare consumer purchasing price and the price of cigarettes, which is very supportive of pricing. And the pricing environment has been, I would say, very solid in the U.S. market, which is a positive. We are seeing, as I mentioned just a few minutes ago, that there are some signs of reduction of the increase of the deeper discounts, which is more favorable. And we are very, I would say, positively encouraged by the performance of our commercial plans that we have put in place since 2023. We saw, I mentioned here, the increase in our premium share, our initiatives in terms of laddering of Newport is working as we expected. We are now in 19 states with very good results. They basically stabilize the share of the whole family, keeping consumers within the family. Natural American Spirit is continued strength from strength, and Lucky Strike, as I said, is the best brand performance today in the U.S. So, I'm quite confident that we're gonna get out of this economic cycle in a stronger position than we're getting with the changes we have done for our portfolio, making it much more resilient, and also changes on the ground in terms of sales force coverage and improvement in data analytics, and so on. So that's from the U.S. side. In terms of the inventory movement, it's part of the commercial plans, and this equates to something close to 2% of our volume. So you would expect to see our performance deteriorate around 2% volume equivalent. Then it should be in H1, to be unwound in the second half. So our performance in the second half will be better as a consequence of that. And that's one of the reasons why we have our performance skewed towards the second half. If you were to adjust by these movements in inventory, our overall performance in H1 as a group level would be pretty much flattish in terms of revenue, as opposed to a lower single-digit decline that we have mentioned today. So I think it is important to make this point. In terms of the CMD, we are still setting up the agenda, but what we would like to explore is basically how we're gonna deliver our algorithm. So we're gonna talk more about the algorithm moving forward, giving a bit more of detail, linking this with the strategic pillars of our revised strategy, quality growth, sustainable future, dynamic business, and also showing all the progress that we have been making over the last, I would say 12 months at least, or in terms of our innovation, and which will be hitting the ground, and as we speak, is already happening in every single category that we are present, which will create a stronger momentum for us in the second half. One of the reasons and the drivers that we expect our performance in the second half weighted. So we want to demonstrate this and showcase this to our audience in the CMD as well, and there will be some other elements to that we are just finalizing. Okay? Thank you very much. Before we take our next question, as a reminder, please press star one if you would like to ask a question. Our next question comes from the line of Faham Baig from UBS. Please go ahead. Good morning, team. Three questions from my side. The first one, just going back to the U.S. Are you seeing any signs of a slowdown in the adoption rate of the vapor category in the U.S.? And what do you estimate the current substitution impact is from the growth of the illicit vapor category? Well, if anything, we are still seeing the vapor category growing in the U.S. Year to date, around 11%, but it's growing at the expense of the legal vapor category. So our legal vapor category is coming down around 10%. The illegal vapor is growing. Still, it's not with the same magnitude as before, but it's still something like 20%, giving you the more or less 13% that I was referring to. So vapor as a category is growing very strongly in the U.S., has continued to be the case, but that's why we were calling for the FDA to really step up the enforcement side of it, because most of the growth, everything, every growth is coming from the illegal products with the unintended consequence that we know that exist. And then just moving on to heated tobacco, where you seem to have stabilized your market share. Are you expecting that market share in heated tobacco to turn positive, particularly in the larger markets of Japan and Italy in the second half, where you've highlighted the innovations are now present? And if you could also share some of the consumer feedback on these new innovations relative to competitive products, that would help us. Yeah, yeah, definitely, we expect the share to carry on improving in the second half of the year. And, there are a number of innovations that are hitting the markets in not necessarily the same time, in different times. The first one is basically the device itself. Like I said, we are, for the first time, getting to the premium segment, and this reflects in the price of the device as well. But the devices have basically been receiving very strong feedbacks in the way that consumers are interacting with them because they have a what we call EasyV iew display, which is something very innovative that no other device had in the market. They have a Boost button that increase substantially the heating profile, which translates into more satisfaction. In our case, it's an improvement compared with the previous one, but they also have longer sessions on that. And the early signs are that this is resulting better conversion compared with the previous device generations in two months post-launch. We also see more satisfying consumables, and these non-tobacco products that we launching in Europe is actually outperforming competitors in that sense. We were the first in the market, and the product is resonate quite nicely and giving a stronger momentum for us, mainly in those markets where the ban on tobacco heated products has already been implemented, which are not all the markets. Because although the ban was stipulated from October 2023, some markets has postponed, some others you still are dealing with the old stocks. But as these start to phase out, and this will be the case as we approach the second half of the year, we will see more of the positive impact of VO in those markets. So overall, this we should contribute for us to continue seeing share improvement, mainly in the major markets, of the HP, of HP in this case. Thanks. And then the final one, could you maybe discuss the combustibles performance outside of the U.S., both in terms of volume growth and also where you are on the market exit plan of 20 billion sticks that you highlighted early last year? Yeah, with the combustibles, we are very pleased with the performance in combustibles. If you follow BAT the last two years, we have been broadly flat. There's more decline in volume share in combustibles. We are up now 30 basis points, so it is a clearly recovered. This is happening mainly outside the U.S., in the APMEA and EMA regions, and also. And we see very good traction in very key markets for us, like the likes of Brazil, the likes of Pakistan. They are all delivering very nicely numbers in terms of of share for us. The price environment has been very supportive, and this is reflecting in terms of a value share improvement that we are seeing outside the U.S. as well. So all in all, it is very strong performance. For sure, that we have seen disruption in some markets. Sudan, for example, is a market where we couldn't sell one stick for months, and we couldn't even produce the products there in that market. And we saw some other disruptions happening here and there. And we are also lapping exit of several markets, like I mentioned before. And the quantification of those markets, more around 30 billion in terms of volume, but the vast majority is Russia and Belarus, that we do adjust something like 26 billion. So the balance is coming from these other markets that also impact the headline numbers of us, volumes for BAT, with very minimal financial implications related to those particular 4 billion. Thank you, Tadeu. The next question comes from the line of Philip Spain from JP Morgan. Please go ahead. Good morning. Thanks very much for taking my questions. My first one was just going back to the U.S., and I appreciate all, all the color you've, you've given already, but I just wanted to understand, within your guidance for the second half, what level of improvements in the overall U.S. combustibles industry are you assuming, compared with the 9% decline year to date? And then my second question is, in Louisiana, where you've seen the, you know, the new regulations come in, can you talk about the level of volume declines you've seen within illicit? Any kind of numbers around that you'd give would, would be really helpful. And then in terms of what products customers are switching to, you know, within nicotine, whether it's switching to some of your vapes or to modern oral, and as well within vape, whether customers are switching to tobacco flavors or menthol flavors. Any kind of color you could give around that would be really helpful. Thank you. Yeah. Okay, the U.S., we are not expecting any, at industry level, any major change in the second half. And, we have to remind ourselves that there are two major drives behind the decline of 9% in the U.S. market. One is the macroeconomics, like we spoke before. We are not foreseeing any macro change substantially coming mainly from the interest rates, because we are now projecting this to have more towards the end of the year. And, and the other one is the illegal vapor market that we know that impacts around 1.9% of this decline that we are seeing in the U.S. market. And again, this one, despite a lot of activities happening, a lot of rhetoric, if you want, but we are encouraged mainly from the states movement, but a lot of them are coming in place mostly from January 2025 onwards. So we are not considering or taking into consideration any major upside coming from there either. So as a consequence, in terms of BAT performance, we have this 2% unwind of volumes that will be supportive for us in the second half. We will be doing better than the market in the second half because we are doing worse in the first, so it's a consequence of compensating that. Also the fact that we are seeing the impact for the rest of the year of the commercial plans that we have been putting in place. So our sequential market share carries on growing. For example, if you compare our position from December to now, we have grown already 10 basis points, so we expect this to materialize into more supportive volumes for us in the second half of the year. And also the plans that we have been putting in place in terms of coverage, in terms of sales force and all that. So we expect the combustible part of the U.S. in 2024 be better than in 2023, okay? So financially, we expect the, in the full year 2024, combustible be improved compared with 2023 for BAT. For sure, that the U.S. will still be a drag coming mainly from vapor, because if you remember, in 2023, we had a big driver of our results in the U.S. was related to vapor, and this come to a halt now because of the proliferations of these illegal products. And until we see some concrete measures in the market, we still have to wait to see us returning to meaningful growth on vapor. But that's what will be the biggest drag in the U.S. in 2024, not the combustible compared with 2023. We'll be still down because of the commercial plans we have put in place and the macroeconomics, but it's better than 2023. So in terms of the state's measure, Louisiana, we are seeing a reduction of high single-digit volume decline in the illicit vapor, and it's around 20% at least, or a bit more than 20%. And Vuse is gaining the vast majority with 7% of that. And most of this is really sticking within the vapor category. That we have been seeing. We have to consider that it's early days, early you know observations, but that's the dynamic that we have been seeing so far. That's very helpful. Thank you very much. Your next question comes from the line of Rey Wium from SBG Securities. Please go ahead. Hi, Tadeu. Just, first, just a clarification. You mentioned earlier on the U.S. inventory situation is in the first half had an impact of 2%. Is it 2% of U.S. volumes or 2% at group level? So I just want to clarify that first. No, no, it's, it's U.S. volume. So whatever is the market- Okay. Yeah. Okay? Okay, awesome. Yeah, no, so otherwise, it's been dramatic. No, no, no, no, no. It's the same way. It's not that one. Okay, excellent. And then I just wanna know if you can talk a little bit about, you know, I mean, the talk last year was obviously about the imminent menthol ban in the U.S. Obviously it looks like it is sort of suffered a political headwind or a tailwind for you. I don't know if you can just talk a little bit more of your expectations there, you know, if we're going to see anything, or is it going to be a situation that's going to be pushed beyond the elections? Yeah, look, it's very hard to make this prediction at this point in time. One thing that I hope that authorities in the U.S. are closely monitoring is what's happening in California. Because California, after the implementation of the menthol ban, the nicotine consumption barely moved, and what happened is basically a migration to an exponential increase of these illegal products of vapor that is manufactured outside the U.S. So... And on top of that, we are seeing problems in terms of illegal pro- coming from Mexico borders, which is something very new in the U.S. We see for sure across border, but we also see self-mentholation with some health hazard consequence for consumers. So there are a number of unintended consequences that is showing more clearly now with the implementation in California. What we have seen outside the U.S., we spoke about that several times, the likes of Canada, 99% of consumers stay in smoking the non-menthol brands. In Europe, 93%, the other 7%, 70% moved to vapor and still using nicotine. So there are clearly better, much better ways to address that, the cigarettes in the U.S., which is embracing tobacco harm reduction in a way that we could, you know, create a level playing field and stimulate innovation so we can educate and help consumers to migrate out of cigarettes, as opposed to introduce something that brings so much unintended consequence. So what we are doing in the meantime is making sure that we get all the learnings that we have in California. We are working in terms of our own portfolio, and I mentioned that in the past, that we... The work we are doing in our portfolio of cigarettes in the U.S. is to transform them much more resilient in terms of macroeconomic cycles, but also in terms of a potential regulation, regulatory change. But, but I cannot, you know, speculate more than that. Okay. Thank you very much. Before we take our next question, as another reminder, please press Star one if you would like to ask a question. Our next question comes from the line of Richard Felton from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead. Thank you very much. Good morning. So it's a, it's a follow-up on the, the illicit vapor category, please. So I believe that sort of both yourselves and your main competitor in the U.S., had been talking about the growth of the illicit vapor category being roughly 200 basis points headwind on combustible volume, volume growth. So my question is, for this step, for Louisiana and, and the other states where you are seeing enforcement, against the illicit vapor category, does, does that headwind, do they get removed and you're seeing better combustible trends as well as, you know, illicit vapor consumers moving to, to Vuse? But any sort of observations or, or learnings from, from those states, and understanding sort of the interplay with the combustibles category would be, would be very helpful. My second question: are you able to share any more color on how this settlement with Philip Morris has impacted your ability to innovate in the THP category? And any specific examples of what you're able to do now that you previously weren't able to do would be very helpful. Thank you. ... Okay, look, I think the example, the experience in Louisiana is very tiny at this point in time for us to come to major conclusions. And is basically what we are seeing basically is the move towards legal markets of vapor, and it's very early days. We might be seeing some movement back to cigarettes, but this is not what we have been seeing so far. It's mainly the movement towards the legal vapor market. But like I said, I wouldn't take much conclusions at this point, at this point in time, with the magnitude of the state and the timing that the measures has been put in place. In terms of the settlement with PMI is confidential, no? And, but, one thing that I can say is, it gives BAT the possibility to have a bit more freedom to innovate within some extra boundaries, and this will... We believe that will be what we need to make us a bit more competitive in the market, and it's already happening. And it's not just about the settlement with PMI, it's about all the efforts that we are creating ourselves. We have invested in innovation hubs here in the U.K., in Southampton. We have invested in innovation hubs in Shenzhen, and we have been very strong in terms of connecting with the very key exclusive strategic suppliers, so we can leverage the R&D from there as well. So it's a combination, it's an ecosystem of innovations and capabilities. IP is just an element of that, and obviously, the settlement with PMI helps in that sense, but it's not just the reason why we expect to be more competitive in the future. Got it. Thank you, Tadeu. Your next question comes from the line of Simon Hales from Citi. Please go ahead. Thank you. Morning, everyone. So just two from me, please, today. Firstly, if you could just talk a little bit more about the newly refreshed Velo brand in the U.S.. Perhaps, you know, what is the latest consumer feedback you're hearing relative to maybe some of the competitor offerings on the market? And you talked about the phased rollout in the U.S. from here, where are we at? How much good across the U.S. do you expect to see by the end of the year? That was the first question. And then secondly, I'm just going to ask you a little bit more about this, the share buyback program. You've clearly said again this morning, you're committed to a sustainable buyback. Mm-hmm. I appreciate you've outsourced the execution of the current share buyback program, but it looks to me that you're already halfway through the GBP 700 million cash return this year. If you were to continue with the recent daily run rate of buyback, you could be complete with this buyback by sometime in July. How do we think about how you'll think about sustaining that buyback after that? Could we see you pull forward some of the 2025 buyback plan into the second half of this year, or should we just expect perhaps a more evenly phased sort of buyback through the rest of this year with the current buyback plan? Yeah. Okay, on the buyback, the... It's, we execute the buyback using various methods with our banks, and we intend to be in the market continuously, with minor exceptions if needed. In 2024, so this year, we intend to conclude the GBP 700 million tranche of buyback by 31st of December, 2024, and not significantly earlier. We do expect certain days to have different trading volumes, depending on market conditions, so it's not entirely helpful to extrapolate on a daily average. That's the only thing I have to say to you. So there is no expectation that we finish earlier on the buyback. On Velo, we have a revamped expression of the brand with the codings that is pretty much aligned with the category. We believe that we have a competitive product, 'cause blind tests show us this, and the best. And we are receiving positive response back from consumers, and we are encouraged mainly from the New York pilot, where we have now achieved 13.5%, which is well ahead of our average of 4.5% on a national basis. So in May, we have concluded the replacement of the old Velo for this new expression, refreshed expression, and we are very, I would say, cautiously optimistic that we'll be making big inroads, compared with where we are today, as we move forward. We are also very looking forward to get Grizzly Modern Oral in the market. We know that there is this transition from traditional oral to modern oral. Grizzly is a fantastic brand with very loyal consumers, and the first signs are positive from the retail point of view. We are launching nationally on the tenth of June, and we expect to reach 51% of the modern oral industry by the end of 2024. So, I'm gonna be able to give you certainly in the CMD October, and but again, in the half year, I can give you a bit more color of how those two initiatives with the modern oral in the U.S. are going. Very helpful. Thank you. There are no further questions, so I will now hand back to you Marroco, for some closing remarks. Okay, thank you all for listening and for your questions. I would like to leave you with a few final comments from my side. Our transformation is well underway. We continue to make good progress, driving new category profitability, delivering accelerating returns on our more target investments. I'm confident that our actions are working and that building on our strong foundations of integrity, collaboration, inclusivity, we will drive the culture we need to successfully transform BAT and deliver long-term multi-stakeholder value. A reminder that tomorrow I will be participating in a fireside chat at the Deutsche Bank Global Consumer Conference at 10:15 A.M. UK time. Audio from the event will be streamed live on our website, with replay available after the event. With that, I look forward to update you again on our progress at our half-year results on 25th of July, and welcoming many of you in person to our Capital Markets Day in our new innovation center in Southampton, the 16th of October. Thank you very much. Stay well.