Good morning, and welcome to the Chesnara 2023 results presentation. I'm Steve Murray, Group Chief Executive, and with me today is Dave Rimmington, our Group Finance Director. We've a number of people with us in the room today at RBC's London offices, and a great many more dialing in from across the world. I wanted to give a special welcome to my Chesnara colleagues dialing in from the Netherlands, Sweden, and from across the U.K. What will we cover today? Well, I'll start by looking at how we've been continuing to execute our renewed strategy. Dave will then cover the financial results in more detail, including IFRS 17. I'll then finish by looking at some of our future areas of focus, including M&A. We'll have plenty of time for questions at the end of the presentation, but those of you in the room with us today, we'll come to you with microphones at the end, and if you're dialing in online, you'll be able to ask questions right the way through the presentation. Those of you who have been following Chesnara for some time now will have heard me talk about these four areas before that are up on the slide. They're at the heart of what we do at Chesnara. Firstly, we've strong line of sight to future areas of value growth and long-term cash generation, and that supports our progressive dividend policy. The start of 2023 has showed both improved value growth and continued positive cash gen. This is supported by our Solvency II balance sheet, which includes our conservatively managed asset portfolio, and the group's balance sheet continues to be strong, and robust, and resilient to market volatility. Thirdly, we believe we have a good track record of delivering acquisitions, and this provides our investors with a further opportunity for growth. We've continued momentum here with two deals executed in the first half of the year. We also have a management team and board that's highly focused on creating sustainable shareholder value. In the first half, we further strengthened the wider leadership team here again. So let's look now at some of the key highlights from the first half of the year. Following on from the completion of the acquisitions of Sanlam Life & Pensions and Robein Leven in 2022, the acquisition of Conservatrix insurance portfolio was completed on the first of January this year. And in May, we also announced another U.K. acquisition, a protection portfolio from Canada Life, with a reinsurance agreement that supports that deal also now in place. Looking at the financial results, we said before that Chesnara has a great track record of delivering cash generation, and we've seen that delivery again in the first half, with group commercial cash generation of GBP 22 million. And Dave will talk us through the cash result in more detail shortly. Our solvency continues to be strong at 205%, and that's substantially above our normal operating range of 140%-160%. That's important because it provides significant headroom to support future acquisitions. In contrast to 2022, our economic value has increased in the first half, with acquisitions and some modest equity market growth being the main drivers here. We also delivered improved commercial new business profits of GBP 6 million, and that includes a contribution from the U.K. for the first time. We're now reporting under IFRS 17, and here we generated profits before tax of GBP 16 million for the period, with an additional increase in the CSM of GBP 54 million over the first half, and that was predominantly driven by the acquisitions that we executed. And finally, given the resilience and cash generative nature of our business, we've yet again announced a 3% increase to the interim dividend, and that continues our 19-year track record of uninterrupted dividend growth. Turning now to operational delivery, and it's been a busy start to the year here as well. In May, we announced a long-term strategic partnership for our U.K. business with SS&C, and that gives us access to a more modern platform and wider capability from this global technology player. Around 80 Chesnara colleagues have now transferred to SS&C under that partnership. Our teams across Chesnara have been working hard to implement IFRS 17, and Dave will show you these results shortly. The transition and integration activity that we've been undertaking in the UK remains on track, and the Conservatrix integration in the Netherlands is now complete. On the people side, Pauline Derkman has started as our new Chief Executive of Scildon, and brings with her great experience from places like a.s.r., Aegon, and PwC. Jackie Ronson, who's in the room with us here today, has also started as U.K. CEO Designate, bringing over 25 years of experience from across a range of financial services organizations and other industries. In August, we also announced that Linnéa, Chief Executive of Movestic, was leaving us and that Sara Lindberg was stepping up as the interim CEO, and our market search for a replacement is well underway. I did want to take the opportunity to thank Linnéa, Ken, and Gert Jan for everything they've done for Chesnara during their 10 years. Finally, having set out our first-ever sustainability targets for the group earlier on in the year, we're making good progress on our 2023 objectives. Now, given the increase in acquisition activity that we've seen here at Chesnara, I wanted to provide you with an update of how our integration programs are progressing. On Sanlam, we continue to expect the Part VII transfer into Countrywide to complete around the year-end this year. As a reminder, this should enable us to access additional capital synergies in addition to the GBP 5 million per annum steady-state cash generation that we've previously announced. The Robein Leven and Conservatrix integrations are complete, and we expect that combined Waard Group to deliver around GBP 8 million of steady-state cash generation in the future. And we announced the Canada Life Protection deal in May, and as a reminder, that had a day one EcV gain of GBP 7 million, and we expect around GBP 3 million of steady-state cash generation from that business in the future, and that's against a consideration paid of GBP 9 million. So that means GBP 120 million of capital resources that we've deployed against M&A over the last two years, has generated GBP 50 million of incremental EcV, and should also deliver GBP 13 million of annual, steady-state cash generation going forward. We're also continuing to see a positive M&A pipeline, and we've retained significant resources to deploy on future acquisitions. So with that, I'll hand over to Dave, and he'll take us through the financial results in more detail. Over to you, Dave. Morning, all. Thank you, Steve. Yes, I'm going to go through the financial results in some detail, but before I do so, just a reminder that our results can be quite heavily influenced by external market conditions. Probably worth a quick recap on what we saw in the first half of the year. Equity markets across all our territories performed well, notably in particular in Sweden, the 8% growth, bearing in mind that's where a lot of our unit link portfolio is. That's really encouraging. Interest rates continuing to increase, particularly in the U.K., but also modestly in Sweden. Flatlining somewhat in the Netherlands. Given kind of 2/3 of our business is overseas, the interest of the FX rates are clearly quite important. You're probably all aware of the strengthening of sterling against the euro. Probably less aware of the fact that, the pound strengthened quite significantly against the Swedish krona. So that graph is illustrating that, and that, not surprisingly, will have an impact on our results. And finally, credit spreads kind of relatively constant during the period. So that's the backdrop. So what's that done to our results? In line with our sensitivities, you can see that the equity market growth is driving, material and very positive and very encouraging growth in economic value of GBP 20 million. The impact of equity growth on cash generation is slightly more complex, and this brings into play a concept called the symmetric adjustment. This is a factor from the Solvency II rules, which means when equities rise, we have to hold a little bit more capital. So including that dynamic, the cash generation impact on equities is GBP 2 million. Looking through the symmetric adjustment, which is a temporary issue, you see GBP 13 million of additional cash as a result of equity market growth. Bond yields have a great positive impact on both cash generation and economic value. Credit spreads, because there was not much movement, have had minimal impact. FX is quite interesting because you can see some quite material impact on economic value. As I said, because a lot of our assets are overseas, the strengthening of the pound against the krona has had a negative impact on the economic value. That GBP 20 million is net of a GBP 7 million gain on the hedge, which we put in place last year. You might be thinking, with the hedge in place, why have we still had that impact? Well, the hedge was really designed to protect us against extreme movements in currency, and there's a wide range at which we're still exposed, so this is very much in line with our expectations. Now, from a cash point of view, because cash is inherently less sensitive to FX in the first place, the hedge has actually been able to completely offset the inherent negative impact, so we've got this full hedge from a cash perspective. And then finally, looking at inflation. Although inflation has continued to be high, we built that into our opening valuation, so therefore, the impact on our results is minimal. So those economic conditions will feature in all the results as I go through them. So moving on to our results and looking at our scorecard. A very busy scorecard. At this point, I'll just focus on three of the headlines and then go through the metrics in some detail. So starting with cash generation. You see four cash generation metrics, all of which are linked to Solvency II. They all, in very simple terms, reflect the movement in Solvency II surplus. And at this point, I'll just note the group commercial result, which includes the FX hedge, but looks through the symmetric adjustment, and at GBP 21.8 million, it's a really strong six months result. And for context, that represents 120% coverage of our 2020 full year dividend. Moving to IFRS. I'll come onto that later as well, but at this point, just point out one of the consequences of moving to IFRS 17 has been an increase, sorry, an increase in our net equity of about GBP 50 million, plus we've created a CSM, which is a store of future profits of GBP 157 million. And one of the consequences of that is our gearing ratio has reduced from 37, as reported at the year-end, to 29.5. So in general, the transition to IFRS 17 has been very positive for us, for us from a leverage point of view. And then finally, we're really pleased to report a growth in post-dividend economic value. That's despite the foreign exchange strain and the fact we paid a sizable year-end dividend. So the headline number hasn't grown that much, but that's a real positive movement in a period where lots of people have struggled to deliver Economic Value growth. So they're probably the main highlights. So moving through into the KPIs in more detail. Starting with cash generation. So I mentioned there were four cash metrics, which might seem somewhat indulgent. It's quite simple really. We have a base cash result, which is really the movement in Solvency II surplus, and then we exclude from that some of the more technical aspects of Solvency II to create a commercial cash result, which is probably a better reflection of the underlying performance of the business. So you can see here that the base result was negatively impacted by GBP 11 million from the Symmetric Adjustment. So looking at the commercial figures, they're healthier, and at a divisional level, excluding FX impacts, we generated GBP 20 million of total commercial cash. And it's really pleasing to see, as the donut shows, that all divisions, even the open ones, have made positive cash contributions, so there's nice diversification there. And at a group level, you come back to the GBP 21.8 million I mentioned earlier, so a really strong total group commercial cash result. It's just worth pointing out at this point, the cash result does often benefit from capital management actions, and I'm just noting that we haven't initiated any in these results, so this is a relatively clean set of numbers. We still have plenty of actions we can take, and we will be investigating whether we do so in the second half of the year. Moving on to a slightly simpler lens on cash. This is really just about the, the bank balance, and it's really great to see the Chesnara parent company bank balance increase from GBP 108 million to GBP 127 million. In very simple terms, the dividends we've received from our divisions have been greater than the outflows at group. It- And we've still got GBP 15 million of proposed 2020 year-end dividend to receive, and that will come in in the second half of the year. The outlook for that cash balance is strong. That's what. Now, that, this is the strongest evidence of our view, that we've got over GBP 100 million of, of very liquid, very available deal firepower. Next on cash, a forward-looking view. This slide illustrates where we see sources of future cash, and it's drawn over a five-year period, but it would be similar if we went over a longer period. What it shows is we've got a very clear line of sight of cash from three key sources: risk margin and SCR release, so as the business runs off, we get capital release. We expect on a steady state to get returns above risk-free, and we can take management actions, as I referred to earlier. This is broadly drawn to scale, and what it, what it's therefore saying is, A, those sources of cash are relatively equal, and B, the sum of them is greater than our expected outflows over the next five years. Then you've got acquisitions. That's not drawn to scale because, of course, it's difficult to know exactly what acquisitions will happen. But, by way of illustration, the four acquisitions we've done over the last couple of years have added about GBP 13 million per annum of incremental cash flows. So you can see the existing business itself is quite sufficient to support the outflows, and we expect then benefits from acquisitions on top of that. So the whole cash picture looks very solid and very sustainable. Right, moving to solvency. As Steve mentioned, we closed the half year at a very strong solvency rate of 205%. This is significantly higher than our normal operating range, and that's important because that gives us the headroom to accommodate the potential short-term negative impact that acquisitions can have on solvency. So how has it moved in the period? Well, importantly, the first blocks on the waterfall are all the business as usual components, and the key message there, that from a business as usual point of view, the ratios remain remarkably stable. That's kind of a key feature of the Chesnara financial model, that whatever conditions we seem to be in, the headline solvency ratio remains very stable. That's one of the reasons we've been able to sustain the dividend so securely over the period. Then you see two exceptional items. You can see the deal impact of -8%, and as I said, sometimes deals, even though they're good for long-term value, can have a short-term capital strain, and that's what's happening there. Actually, that's slightly better than we expected when we did the deal assessment, so that's good news. Finally, a slightly technical matter, we have revalued our Tier 2 debt, moving from a book value basis to a fair value basis, and that's had a positive impact on our headline solvency ratio. Now, moving on to look at growth. As I mentioned in the highlights, it's really great to see an overall growth in economic value. You can see here that actually the earnings are very strong at GBP 61 million, and have been more than. It's been more than sufficient to offset the temporary, or hopefully the temporary, impact of FX movements and the dividend outflow. If you look at the nature of the earnings, you've got great real-world returns, which ties back to the sensitivity I referred to earlier of equity markets, and you've got a really positive contribution from acquisitions of GBP 28.4 million. A really positive value story coming through here. Another lens on value, we introduced the Chesnara Fan a couple of years ago to try to illustrate where we are aware that the economic value doesn't include all profits. Although it's a forward-looking metric, it doesn't include all aspects of future growth, and we are very clear that there are five sources of future growth. Having introduced the Fan, we think it's quite sensible on a period-on-period basis to assess how the actual performance is compared against those sources of value. Over time, on an average basis, all aspects of growth have been positive, but it's not necessarily the case in every short-term period. We're really pleased to report in this period that all aspects of the Fan are positive. That's important for two reasons. One, it explains why we've got the great earnings of GBP 61 million, but also, I think it's really good evidence of the state of health of our growth model. Moving on, Sam. One of the sources of growth is new business. Steve mentioned earlier that that's been good in the period, but we're really pleased to report a quite material growth in new business profitability and the new contribution from the U.K. Just for clarity, we've not changed our strategy, and we're not going big time into new business in the U.K. But what we have done on the back of the Sanlam acquisition, we've kept one of our onshore bonds open to new business. It's sold through a third party, and it's actually a quite welcome source of economic value growth. I think it's more a reflection of our flexibility. If we buy a business which does have some modest new business in it, and it's not too onerous, we will continue to take that. I'm sorry, Sam. Markets have been difficult in Scildon and Movestic, and against that backdrop, that growth in value is really encouraging. Brace yourselves, IFRS 17. I've even lost my pages. Okay, looking firstly from a balance sheet perspective, before I go into the numbers, just two points of context. First, I think it's important to understand only 42% of our portfolio is actually insurance business. So when we, for example, report to CSM, the future profit potential, that's only covering 42% of our balance sheet. So there are other sources of future profit, for example, in the form of investment contract VIF of about GBP 100 million. And secondly, just a reminder, although we recognize IFRS numbers are important and probably increasingly relevant post IFRS 17, it hasn't changed the fundamentals of the business. It hasn't changed our solvency ratio, it doesn't change economic value, and most importantly, it hasn't changed the dividend outlook. That said, the IFRS numbers are important, so let me talk you through what's happened over the period. As at the end of 2022, you can see that sizable increase in net equity, which is not, which is helpful for the gearing ratio, as I said earlier. And you can also see we closed the half year with GBP 157 million of CSM, which is, you know, evidence that our insurance portfolio is profitable and will release the P&L over time. Just to reiterate, the consequence of those two things is a reduction in our headline leverage ratio. Moving on, Sam. Looking at it from a P&L point of view, firstly, just to point out, we believe that you need to look at the IFRS P&L account in conjunction with the movement in the CSM. That, they're inherently linked. Just as an example, if we post a GBP 20 million IFRS profit, but over that period the CSM has gone down by GBP 20 million, it's a very different overall performance than if we post a GBP 20 million profit over a period where the CSM has gone up by GBP 20 million. So I think we believe you've got to look at them in both, and we will be doing that in our information going forward. So what is this. This is the new look P&L account for IFRS 17, I think it's quite helpful. There are three key components now. You've got the net insurance result, which nicely isolates the profits you get from insurance business. You've then got an investment market result, which is ring-fenced, and you can isolate from other parts of the profit. And then you're left with a group of P&L items, which are really a simple fees less expense. So that's the fees from investment business, less the expenses relating to that investment business and other head office costs. So I think it's a more intuitive P&L account. And what's it showing in terms of the actual numbers? Well, it's great to report a sizable insurance profit, which is consistent with the fact we've got a positive CSM. The investment result, not surprisingly, is quite volatile, and you can see that clearly. You know, last year, a big investment loss; this year, a nice investment profit. And then the fee and cost lines, which come to the bottom of the P&L account, have all increased mainly because of the direct impact of the acquisitions we've done in the period, resulting in a total pre-tax IFRS profit of GBP 16 million in the period. So what's happened to the CSM over that same period? Well, it's really encouraging to see it's increased by over GBP 50 million, and you can see from the waterfall, that's predominantly the impact of the additional future profit we brought into the business on the back of the Conservatrix acquisition. I'll hand back to Steve. Thanks, Steve. Looking now at the areas of future focus, I want to take the opportunity to remind you all of the three things that we do here at Chesnara. Firstly, we maximize the value from our in-force books of business. We now have over 1 million customers who rely on us for their life cover, pensions, savings, funeral plans, and other products. The books of business we have continue to generate cash, and we also see plenty of opportunities to take further management actions in the future, such as the FX hedge that we put in place last December. Secondly, we seek to execute value-adding acquisitions of portfolios and businesses, and our activity over the last two years demonstrates that the M&A part of our strategy has been revitalized. We continue to see positive opportunities for M&A in the future, and we have the financing readily available to execute on these opportunities. Thirdly, we write focused new business where we have a good deal of confidence that we can make a profit. We've seen an increase in the commercial new business result in the first half, and that includes a contribution for the U.K. for the first time, and we're continuing to see profitable growth opportunities here as well. Our overall commitment to becoming a sustainable group continues to be embedded in everything that we do. Let's turn now to M&A. We're continuing to see large asset pools available for consolidation across the U.K. and the Netherlands, and we've also been actively assessing the Swedish market as well. As we highlighted at our full year results, we're seeing a further move away from the sale of entire legacy books to portfolio transfers and reinsurance type structures. This expands the potential size of our available market as insurers can offload smaller parts of large in-force books to us. On the left-hand side of the slide, you can see what some of the main drivers are for insurers continuing to reshape their books. If you look at the recent deals that have been completed and also the deal pipeline as we see it, the key drivers tend to be companies looking to simplify their operations and technology platforms, trying to release capital from the disposal of non-core products to reinvest elsewhere, or simply refocusing on specific geographies. On the right-hand side of the slide, we've set out some examples of the recent deals that have been executed recently across Europe, where we've continued to see good levels of activity. The majority of these have been portfolio transactions, where there's, where there are a smaller number of counterparties competing for these 'cause you need an existing operating platform and regulatory license to take advantage of these opportunities. This is where we have a good level of experience, and we will, of course, continue to maintain our disciplined approach in assessing M&A in the future. Now, as you can see on this side, we continue to have a number of key strengths that will enable us to compete successfully in M&A. These include our strong customer service, our ability to manage a very broad range of products, and also our long-standing regulatory relationships. At the bottom of the chart here, this shows that we've got the flexibility and available financing options to execute a very wide range of deals, both in terms of their structure and their size. That's supported by our investment grade rating. Overall, we're seeing the current market backdrop as helpful for us, and we remain well-positioned to execute further transactions. Now, as I highlighted up front, earlier this year, we committed to our first-ever set of sustainability targets, which we show again on this slide. Our plans are progressing well, with some of the actions that we've already taken, including the selection of an ESG data provider for across the Chesnara group. We've been beginning the process to move some of our group's investments into more positive solutions, and we also started our first-ever intern program in the U.K. As Dave and I have highlighted, Chesnara has continued to deliver both operationally and financially. We've seen good cash generation and strong EcV growth, with all areas of the Chesnara Fan positively contributing over the period. Our group solvency ratio has also remained strong and resilient. Our integration and transition activity is progressing well, and we remain optimistic about the prospect of delivering value-adding acquisitions in the future. We're looking at ways to further enhance value in a sustainable manner, following the raising of the Tier 2 debt and the execution of a de-risking FX hedge last year. We've yet again increased our interim dividend for the 19th consecutive year. Now, at the start of the presentation, I welcomed Chesnara colleagues joining online from both the Netherlands, Sweden, and also from across the U.K., and I wanted to finish by thanking them for all their efforts delivering these results. And following a first half of strong delivery, I continue to believe there's a lot to look forward to here at Chesnara. So with that, thanks for listening. I suggest that we open up for questions, and we'll start within the room. No idea whose hand went up first, but I know that Al's gonna deliver a mic. I suggest that. Oh, Mandeep's jumped in and grabbed it. So Mandeep, first question from you. Hey, morning, everyone. Mandeep Jagpal, RBC Capital Markets. Thank you for the presentation and taking my questions. Three from me, please. The first one's on management actions. You mentioned at the full year that you have around GBP 100 million line of sight on potential management actions, and also mentioned today that you're potentially looking to implement some in H2. Are these main actions still the ones you were looking at before, so mass lapse, reinsurance, and further FX hedging? And what are the circumstances under which you will decide to take these actions? Second question is on M&A. The current trend among life insurers is to promote the growth in their capital light areas versus capital heavy. Do you think that this creates opportunities for Chesnara to acquire more capital-heavy books at attractive multiples, in particular, given your balance sheet is already predominantly capital light? Then the final one is on cash generation and dividend. On slide 15, you show that you think your, your cash generation will comfortably cover your dividend for the next five years, and that's before the recent acquisitions are taken into account. Given that you are capable and keen to do more deals, what does this mean in terms of DPS growth rate being sustainable at a higher level if deals close? Great questions. Thank you. Shall I start on management actions just in terms of how we think about them, and Dave can maybe step through the details? I'll, I'll, take M&A, and then, Dave, you can maybe just talk about views on, on cash generation. So, so if we step back in. When we talked to you at the full year about the FX hedge, what we, what we said there was we were gonna be more proactively looking at actions like this. But we had the benefit of doing that from a real position of strength. So we, we didn't have to put that hedge in place. As you can see from the results, again, this time around, the solvency balance sheet's very strong, the cash generation's good. But what we saw as a difference from when the last time we'd looked at instruments like that was actually there was no cost to investors around that. And we found an attractive structure that took some of the volatility out, released some capital, without there being a material cost to shareholders and broader investors. So when we think about management actions, we'll tend to use that sort of framework going forward. So some of the things you've talked about, you know, we don't need to execute those, but we are seeing attractive pricing in the market and the opportunities potentially to be more proactive on some of those things. Do you wanna maybe pick up some of the detail, Dave, for- Yes, I think you're right. The two which are probably kind of work in progress at the moment would be to extend our FX currency program and to look at mass laps. I think the question about when we trigger them, I think the important point is it's. We're in control of that, and we don't need to do it. To some extent, these actions are just accelerating future value recognition. We could well do some in the second half of the year, we'd be able to, and there'd be benefits in doing so, especially if we need the capital it creates to then fund the acquisition model. Equally, the business is perfectly well positioned if we don't take those actions. So I quite like the fact we've got that optionality, but over time, I think we will be dripping through a steady, steady flow of positive actions to, you know, release that capital into earlier years. I guess you might expect some in the second half of the year, but I wouldn't be concerned if they didn't happen either. Do you want to pick up cash gen, because it probably connects- Yeah a little bit to that point as, as well- Yeah in terms of that five-year view. And I think your question is more about the linkage between the cash gen and the dividend expectation. And our view on dividends is that we're very conscious the dividend needs to remain competitive, and there's an inflationary impact to that. And what the chart you're referring to shows that we've probably got capacity to increase the dividend by more than 3% if it plays out as suggested. And I think it's important that it means that we've got that capacity to do that. And I think if inflation remains kind of stubbornly high for longer than we hope it does, we would be able to make sure our dividend remain competitive and move from 3%. Equally, we're very confident that we can use that cash generation to deploy for M&A. Although we've got the existing cash to support M&A, any cash we generated also can go into that pot. So we're probably not inclined to overpay on the dividend. We want to make sure it's competitive, and we've got the capacity to increase the dividend if we need to, and we've got an open mind to that. But I don't think we'd be inclined to say any surplus above the current dividend instantly drops into the dividend pot. But we're not trying to match the dividend policy kind of half to half. But I think if you look historically, and obviously a number of people have owned the shares for a long time, we very clearly have delivered a dividend far, far out with an inflationary growth rate. When we also look at the kind of curves, I suppose the last week they've come back in a little bit as well. You're seeing kind of, kind of 10-, 20-, 30-year, that coming back down towards three percent as well, and we're, we're mindful of that. I suppose we're in the fortunate position that we can continue to pay an increased dividend for the 19th consecutive year, and also talk to you about the material resources we've got to deliver on, on, on M&A as well. The returns we think we've delivered to investors from the GBP 120 million of capital that we've deployed, with that increase in EcV of GBP 50 million and the GBP 13 million of steady-state cash generation. You know, we think, we hope that investors see that as a very responsible use and a, and a, and a good use of, of the capital that we've, we've deployed. You know, on M&A, I think you're absolutely right. I think there are opportunities, as people reshape their, their, their books. I think people are tending to look at portfolios, as you say, Mandeep, that are tend to be maybe more capital heavy. I think when we look at these books of business, we're, we're not put off by somebody saying that a book's capital heavy. We look at the return dynamic, and if there's a business there that takes a bit more capital, we clearly have lots of headroom for that. And if it creates a good return for our investors, we're very happy to look at that. And we, as I said in my presentation, you know, we can manage a very broad range of products as well. So we'll continue to look at those opportunities. They sometimes bring with them a degree of diversification as well on the balance sheet, which could be quite helpful. But overall, we're continuing to see good levels of activity in the M&A space, which is why you can probably see we're striking a pretty positive tone about that this morning, so. I think the point is, as long as our deal pricing adequately recognizes the capital strain, a slightly more capital-heavy portfolio would bring in, it's fine. It's baking the price. And as Steve says, the reason we're operating at 205% with the Tier 2 is to give us the capacity to play in all the different acquisition spaces, including slightly more capital-heavy ones. Abid? Morning, all. It's Abid Hussain from Panmure Gordon. Two questions. I think the dividend one has already been answered. Firstly, on M&A capacity, can you give some more color on the firepower for M&A, and how this might look for a typical deal? There's a couple of numbers floating around in the slides. In one of the slides, I think it says over GBP 100 million, and elsewhere it says over GBP 200 million, and I suspect it's different depending on the deal on the table. Any more color around that would be really helpful. The second question is linked to that. It's new business and M&A, I guess. The new business value is a nice earner for you. It covers around 1/3 of your dividend, I think. Is it worth prioritizing future deals that perhaps come with an open book or come with the optionality of taking top-ups from the existing customers like you've done in the recent acquisition, and then therefore enhance the future new business capability that you have? Should I do the capacity one? Yeah, you do the capacity one, and I'll, I'll maybe touch on the new business piece. I think the challenge with putting a single figure on our M&A funding capacity is actually there are probably three different potential constraints. You've got leverage, you've got solvency, and you've got liquidity. So when we're kind of referring to the GBP 100 million, that's probably just a quite simplistic view of saying if we were wanting to do a deal with hard cash, you know, just paying, paying with cash, that bank balance of GBP 127 million would enable us to do about a GBP 100 million deal. Importantly, the solvency headroom would enable us to do something much bigger than that, and that's probably where you start to get deals of about GBP 200 million. But you would need to use some debt or some other funding source to do that. We've got the capacity from a solvency point of view to do more. Finally, from a leverage point of view, because of the reduction in the headline leverage ratio, which we've reported earlier, we've probably got more opportunity to use some of revolving credit facility in a deal without moving to a leverage position we'd be uncomfortable with. It's- I think it's almost impossible to triangulate those three and say there's a single deal value, but I think it's more about there's a range from GBP 100 million for a hard cash deal to GBP 200 million+ if we were looking at cash debt. You know, and it may be higher than that if you're looking at more creative things like partnerships and, and, and, and equity. I think if you, a great example is, is, Dave's alluded to that. If you look at the two deals that were executed in the period, we'd obviously already announced those. You have the Canada Life deal, a protection portfolio, which actually added to the surplus of the group. Now, that's quite unusual. I think if every deal did that, we'd be very, very delighted about that. Obviously the financing around that is quite different than from maybe a more typical deal that requires kind of short-term capital to be put against that, like Conservatrix. Albeit, actually, what we found, once we'd flowed through the numbers, was the solvency impact was far less than we'd modelled. We'd maybe been a little bit kind of prudent there. But as Dave says, we've got cash at PLC available. We have an RCF facility of up to GBP 150 million that's immediately available. If the target balance sheet is on leverage, you potentially have the opportunity to raise debt on that balance sheet, and we've seen examples in the market. Recently, one of them we call out there, the Aegon- ASR deal, where the vendor has taken an equity stake in ASR as part of that, so that you could see those sorts of partnerships in deals as well. But overall, you know, we're very comfortable that we've got a number of financing levers there available to us. But I think having that cash available is a real strength of the Chesnara story at the moment. In terms of prioritizing new business, it's a great question. I think probably what you've seen from us is certainly moving away from a position that we're saying we won't consider keeping open new business franchises. And we will really look at that from a return on capital and a shareholder value perspective. And if there's new business apparatus that comes from M&A opportunities, we don't just slavishly shut that down. We'll absolutely look at the merits of that, keeping it open. I suppose Sanlam is a small example of that, where while we did close a large part of that business and new business, we thought it made sense to keep that onshore bond capability open. It sold through investment platforms, and that's been some nice kind of upside that's been coming through. If we look at the return on Movestic from that business we bought in 2009, clearly, that has a broader new business franchise as to Scildon, and that's again created a good return. I'm not sure we'd necessarily prioritize new business over back book. I think we'll just look at those opportunities purely from that return on capital perspective, but we're certainly not frightened at looking at a new business capability. Barrie? Morning, Barrie Cornes at Panmure Gordon. I've got three questions. Actually, I've got two, sorry, apologies. The first question, I guess, coming back to M&A again, could you give us your views on open versus closed books, geographical locations, either in your three existing areas, or would not you be open-minded to outside those existing three? That's the first question. Second question, I think, Steve, you alluded to it at the outset of your presentation. There's been quite a bit of management change at the divisional level, and I just wondered if you could give us some background on that and whether or not that would mean a change in emphasis or strategy going forward. Thank you. Thanks, Barrie. Great having you with us this morning. Yeah, so I think as we've just touched on, we're more open-minded about open books if we see there being kind of value for our investors from that. So if we're looking at the kind of deal pipeline that sits today, there's a mix of opportunities there that we're looking at, and they're certainly not all closed to new business. I think looking across geographies, the lion's share of the focus that we have here today are on the existing territories. I think we're seeing good pipeline, good opportunities. You know, some of the drivers that we talked about the full year, we're really seeing come to pass. A very large number of organizations have got these large transformation programs, want to redeploy capital, for example, onto BA, BPA opportunities. I think we're seeing, you know, more portfolios potentially becoming available and, and into, into the market. That's pleasing 'cause we thought that would be a continuing and increasing trend, and I think we're, we're kinda seeing that, that coming, coming through. We are having a closer look at Sweden. We've got a good business there, a good operating platform, and actually some further scale for that business would be, would be helpful, and time will tell whether there are meaningful, meaningful opportunities there. But Sam and his team are certainly spending a little bit more time on the ground there, and we're seeing some initial encouraging signs that there might be some things for us to do there. We won't rule out other territories, Barrie. If it's products that we've got the capability to manage, and again, the economics make sense, then we'll certainly won't turn away from those. I just think in terms of what we're seeing is we are really seeing good opportunities in our core market, so the majority of time is being spent on those. Management change then was your other question? So, yeah, it's there. There has been a-- we've made a number of changes within the, the, the business units. Different reasons for those changes. What we've been looking for, though, in terms of the talent that we're bringing in, and Jackie joins us in the room today. Welcome, Jackie. Almost a week done so far with this, is people that understand the ambition of the group, understand the sort of transition, integration, transformative activity that we're undertaking, and will help us kinda drive forward and grow, and grow the business. We've been fortunate to have already found two really talented people in terms of Pauline and Jackie. We're out in the market at the moment in Sweden. Sara, who has stepped up in an interim role, has made a great start. So we're feeling good about the talent that we've been able to bring in the organization and support that broad ambition and growth that we have. Thanks. Amy? Hi. Hi, good morning. Just one comment, three questions, please. You're the last one reporting, and you're the only one who grew the EcV, so well done. And save the best to the last, and that leads to my first question. In the EcV walkthrough, you have a negative FX. That is after you took out the hedging. If you did not take out the hedging, how much that negative would be, and is there any more you could do on the FX side going forward? And my second question is on the M&A. Your last three M&A were sort of every three months apart, and it got a little bit spoiled with that. I do wonder how much of that is due to maybe the change on the supply side as a result of rising interest rate and the rising inflation, and if interest rate and inflation in the medium to long term will start coming down or calm down, and would that change on the supply side? My third question is, personally, I felt the stock has been undervalued and underappreciated, with a lack of liquidity for a long period of time. If you do agree with me, would you or have you ever thought about taking the company private? Great, great questions. Well, do you wanna, do you wanna start with- Yeah, the hedge. EcV and FX? Okay, so yeah. So the unhedged impact on economic value was the GBP 27 million we reported, and the hedge had a positive impact of GBP 7. So that's the kind of level of offset. So it's a welcome offset. As I think I mentioned, the hedge was never designed to fully hedge the economic value exposure. There's a relatively wide range of FX movements where we remain exposed. It was designed more to protect us against extreme FX volatility, primarily so we could reduce capital rather than trying to smooth the economic value. So it's doing what we expected it to do, and it's kind of a bonus that we've got a partial offset, but we're not concerned about the fact that there's still a GBP 20 million. Odd though it sounds, we're not concerned about the economic value hit of GBP 20 million. In terms of M&A, maybe I think the macro has been a factor, but I don't think it's the driving factor. I think the things that we talked about in the presentation, certainly in terms of the pipeline, as we see it, have had a bigger impact in terms of opportunities coming to the market. I think interest rates coming up has been helpful 'cause I think it's probably meant that people have felt they might get a slightly more attractive price for a business. You know, when you had base rates very, very low, and you know, the actuaries and insurance companies, assuming those would come back over time, it was maybe a bit harder to convince kind of buyers to pay for some of that. So I think the fact that interest rates have come back has probably been helpful. But we're seeing certainly that transformation agenda being a bigger driver. We have seen big multinationals trying to kind of reduce the number of flags that they've planted over the last 20 years and maybe focusing on core territories. And we do see that feature of people trying to recycle capital. I think shareholders have been a bit more demanding on management teams to make sure that they are making best use of capital, and maybe underperforming books and underperforming divisions have had a greater level of focus. So I think if we see inflation coming back down and interest rate coming back down, I think we still don't expect that to be very disruptive for the pipeline. In terms of your, your question on the shares, so thank you for pointing out that the shares are undervalued. I think we would strongly agree with you on that. What we've been focused on doing is making sure that you know, the Chesnara story is as digestible for as many people as possible. We brought Sam in. He's been helping us have an even greater focus on investor relations and getting in front of people. And we're focused on driving the value of the business as a kind of U.K.-listed company. We think there are some other things that could be done to make U.K. equity more attractive, and we'll clearly engage with policymakers and other bodies on that. I'm the chief executive at a U.K.-listed company, and I've very much enjoyed my first couple of years in role and determined to make sure that the full value of Chesnara is recognized in the share price. If there's no more hands in the room, shall we maybe go to questions that have come in online? Danielle, what have. Any, any questions coming in? Yes. Thank you. There have been a couple come through on dividends and M&A, which have been answered in the room, but there are a couple here. Are there any M&A constraints from a management bandwidth perspective, and would you consider entering the bulk purchase annuity space? So in terms of constraints, one of the benefits of the model that we have is we have three operating platforms, which are very largely independent. So you probably heard us talk previously about doing the Canada Life deal and the Conservatrix, Robein deals in parallel. There was no operational bandwidth constraint around that because it was two separate management teams working on that. Clearly, it meant the group teams that working on those were kind of split across and maybe working a little bit harder. But in terms of the operation and transition activity, there was no constraint. And we will look at further M&A, because of the strong progress that we've made, across both the Sanlam transition, which we expect that Part VII to complete at the end of the year, and also the integrations of Robein Leven and Conservatrix. We're very much open for business and have got the capacity to bring other books of business into the organization. And that's one of the reasons that we are having a closer look at Sweden, 'cause that's a business that's got a very good track record of delivering operational change, and that could be quite interesting for us if we can find portfolios coming in. So yeah, when Dave and I spoke to the board yesterday, we were certainly talking about the capacity that we have to do M&A, not just from a financing perspective, but also from an operational perspective as well. In terms of bulks, it's clearly a huge theme, not just in the U.K. market, but a strong emerging theme in the Netherlands as well. When we look at that space, you need an awful lot of capital to play successfully there. So at the moment, we don't see that as a space that we would enter organically. Maybe just connecting back to some of the questions in the room, if there was an acquisition opportunity that had some of that componentry and capability, maybe we would, we'd look at that again or operating in partnership. But we like the strategy, we like the focus on M&A, we like the sort of returns that we've been able to deliver for investors. So I wouldn't be expecting us to move into that space on our own, organically in the near term. Thank you. Another one from the webcast: Could you provide any update on the impact from the Solvency II reforms? Do you wanna cover that, Dave? Yeah. So firstly, I think there's a growing confidence that the elements of the reforms will be enacted in 2023. The main item which affects us is the risk margin reduction. We've guided in the past, actually, that we believe there'd be about a GBP 10 million reduction in our risk margin. That was before the more recent acquisition. Including the impact of that on Sanlam and Continental, well, actually, just Sanlam because it's U.K., it probably slightly upwards of GBP 10 million would be our estimated positive impact, and current estimate is it could well be enacted this year. That would be our working assumption. Yeah. Just as a reminder, there's. We don't have an offset, because there's no transitionals in our model, so that would be a kind of net impact as well as a gross impact. Yeah. We aren't then seeing, at the moment, policymakers in Europe moving immediately to kinda match what the U.K. is doing. There is a bit of conversation around that, and clearly, if there were further moves there to make sure that there was parity between the two regimes, we'd see some further benefits coming through across the European businesses as well. Great, thank you. That's everything from the webcast. So, Steve, I'll hand back to you for closing remarks. Okay. Well, thank you again for listening to the presentation. We believe there's a lot to look forward to at Chesnara. Hopefully, you've seen from the results that the organization is in strong financial health with good future growth prospects. And with that, we'll end the presentation, and we wish you a good rest of the day. So thanks again for listening.