Good morning, everyone, and welcome to Pearson's Assessment & Qualifications Investor Seminar. Today, we'll host a presentation followed by a Q&A session. If you're joining online, there'll be two ways to submit your questions. If you'd like to ask your question personally, please use the numbers that are displayed on screen. These lines will be open following the presentation. Alternatively, please type your questions into the questions tab at the top right of the screen, and we'll address them in turn at the end. And with that, Andy, over to you. Thanks, Jo, and welcome to everyone in the room and online, and many thanks for joining us today here at the New York Stock Exchange for a deep dive into our largest and most profitable business, Assessment and Qualifications. I'm Andy Bird, I'm Pearson's Chief Executive, and with me is Sally Johnson, our CFO, and Art Valentine, who leads our A&Q business, together with the senior members of Art's team, who he'll introduce shortly. Now, as I've said many times before, A&Q is Pearson's crown jewel, with credentials at the heart of everything we do. It's a very strong platform for continued growth, and as you'll hear today, it's increasingly interconnected with the broader Pearson ecosystem, enhancing our ability to serve the enterprise and English language learning markets. A&Q is one of the many reasons that Pearson is so well-positioned for future growth within a wider learning market that's estimated to reach about GBP 8 trillion by 2030, up from about GBP 6 trillion today. There are three major global demand drivers in our market, and A&Q touches all of them. Firstly, technology is increasing the use of digital tools for schools and learning more broadly. This trend accelerated during COVID and has been further supported by generative AI. Digitally enabled products and solutions are driving nearly all of A&Q's growth today. Secondly, there's the workforce skills gap. As technology rapidly advances, employers are responding by investing in upskilling and reskilling their workforces. Within A&Q, Pearson VUE addresses this trend head-on, supporting certifications in high-demand industries like IT and healthcare. And thirdly, there's a rapidly growing need for individuals to prove their skills in the form of an accreditation or certification. Again, this is where Pearson VUE shines and where our schools and clinical businesses also deliver trust and quality to the market. These trends are creating opportunities right across Pearson, and the recent acquisitions, such as Credly and PDRI, have strengthened A&Q's ability to respond to these market demands. So, today's presentation will demonstrate that A&Q is an extremely high-quality business with a vital role to play in our future. You'll see how each business unit within A&Q is well-positioned to drive revenue growth both now and in the years ahead. You'll also see the underlying stability and consistency of this business, a reflection of its trusted customer relationships and impressive contract renewal rates. You'll see the strong position that each business unit has in its respective field and the strong interplay with the rest of Pearson. And finally, you'll see its exciting financial trajectory, underpinned by high returns and cash generation. But let me stop there and hand over to Art and his team for a deeper dive into all that is A&Q. Art? Thanks very much, Andy. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us to hear about this outstanding part of the Pearson portfolio. The breadth, scale, and crystal-clear value proposition of our Assessment and Qualifications business is a winning combination for all of our stakeholders. Let me start out by introducing you to the team. You'll first hear from Gary Gates, who has played an integral role in building Pearson VUE into a global leader in the test delivery space. Next up will be Sharon Hague, who will cover our K-12 Assessment and Qualification units. Sharon and her team operate businesses that play a critical role in the education of young students. After Sharon, I'll talk about our clinical business, which helps professionals assess people across a wide range of developmental areas to understand how they learn. Then, our finance lead, Mary Kempf, will walk you through our performance and investment for continued growth and enhanced profitability. Let's talk about the fundamental aspects of this business that we'd like you to take away from this morning. Scale and breadth underpin our offerings. Our products and services are sold all over the world, representing far greater geographic reach than any of our competitors. Every one of our business units have strong competitive positions in their respective markets, and our ability to deliver large volumes, multiple languages in different countries, and in all types of settings, differentiates us and makes us a provider of choice in everything that we do.... The combination of our market-leading offer with excellent customer relationships, built on trust, ensures long-term contracts and outstanding renewal rates. A&Q is Pearson's largest business, delivering consistent revenue growth, strong margins driven by sharp operational management, and supports the group's excellent cash generation. Now, lastly, let me just spend a moment on the final one of our key drivers, our purpose. Assessments sit at the heart of the value we bring to our customers. What we do matters. It makes a real difference in people's lives. We're trusted by millions of individuals around the world. You'll hear some examples today of the many ways in which we help organizations and individuals through their educational journey. We're made up of four businesses. Pearson VUE is the largest, operates in a certification market, which is $1 billion-$2 billion, with the opportunities of $15 billion-$20 billion in the training and preparation space. Our school assessment and qualification businesses play a central role in the learning journey for K- 12 students. In just the U.S. alone, we operate in a $1.1 billion market, and in the U.K., we are a top four player, addressing a student population over 1.5 million, with a market share that approaches 25%. Finally, our clinical assessment business plays an invaluable role supporting learners and patients of all ages. Like our other businesses, we have a set of market-leading offerings. In this case, products for clinicians, teachers, and other professionals to measure general social and emotional well-being across all ages. We see good growth in U.S. customers in this space, with the number of psychologists expected to grow 6% and speech and language pathologists by 19%, as two examples. Last year, A&Q generated GBP 1.4 billion of revenue, with margins of 18%. We delivered 90 million tests. This year, revenues are expected to grow mid-single digits. Before I hand over to the team, I wanted to spend just a moment to highlight how the power of assessments extends across the rest of Pearson. These capabilities are at the heart of our growth and drive results across all parts of the enterprise. Whether it's the use of the Pearson VUE technology and physical infrastructure to deliver the Pearson Test of English and its outstanding growth, the combination of our higher education learning content with VUE testing to offer professionals a full-service path to technology certification, or the use of our school assessments AI engine to score essay exams in our English language portfolio, our capabilities are driving growth throughout the enterprise. Let's turn now to my colleague, Gary, to hear about the VUE business. Many thanks, Art, and good morning, everyone. It's a great pleasure to be here today. At Pearson VUE, our mission is to deliver high-stakes exams to industries that can advance their professions and safeguard their communities across the globe. We help learners obtain a professional certification or license so they can advance their education or career journey. Simply put, we turn learners into earners. Pearson VUE is a global provider of computer-based high-stakes testing services. We deliver more than 19 million certification and licensing exams annually. That is an exam every 1.6 seconds. We offer our customers a multimodal approach to exam delivery, from remote proctoring to testing in one of our 20,000 testing centers. We have the most comprehensive test center network in the sector, with more test centers than our two biggest competitors combined. We also provide our customers with a full suite of additional services, including content development, psychometric services, and security services. For example, customers like the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, who have a clear mission to ensure medical providers are competent, come to Pearson VUE because we are trusted to provide their candidates with a fair, reliable, and secure testing experience. A test taker in New York will have the same testing experience as a test taker in Manila. Let me quickly touch on our recent financial performance. In 2022, Pearson VUE had GBP 575 million of revenue, and through the first nine months of 2023, the business has delivered growth, strong growth of around 11% on an underlying basis. We are on track for continued growth through to 2025. Now, as you can see from this chart, Pearson has a diverse portfolio of over 550 clients with a strong presence across an array of sectors, including technology, healthcare, finance, professional associations, and many others. This provides resilience against economic swings for always in-demand areas such as nursing, pharmaceuticals, emergency and medical technicians, and all other healthcare professionals. Now, we typically sign multi-year service contracts with our clients and have strong customer retention rates. Our contract renewal rate was over 99% last year, and we've had, and we have many long-term relationships of over 5 years or more. As you can see from this slide, Pearson VUE has seen consistent strong growth over the last 20 years, driven by new contracts, strong retention rates, and the breadth of our portfolio. We are really excited about the growth prospects for Pearson VUE, and we are focused on three strategic initiatives. The first of these is investing in our platform to maintain a high contract renewal rate, to win new customers, and to realize opportunities for IP ownership and geographical expansion in regions such as India, Southeast Asia, and Africa, and also through cross-divisional partnerships, the most notable of those being the Pearson Test of English. Our second has been our expansion into the U.S. federal assessment market with the recent acquisition of PDRI. The third is the investment we were making in the expansion of VUE's service offerings. I'd now like to spend a couple of minutes talking you through each of these initiatives. Let me start with PTE, which is a really great example of collaboration with Pearson's English Language Learning division. PTE is a digitally AI-scored, four skills test of English for study and working abroad or for other immigration purposes. It's also one of the fastest-growing products in Pearson. PTE operates in a nearly GBP 1 billion market and has a strong position as a top three player. PTE is well established in Australia and the U.K. for study and immigration, and is well-positioned for growth, having recently received recognition from the Canadian authorities. The test is delivered via the Pearson VUE platform and leverages VUE's global test center network. We continue to invest in our test center network to support the growth of PTE, and only last month, we announced the opening of one of our largest company-owned test centers in India, with the ability to simultaneously accommodate 90 candidates and deliver more than 14,000 tests a month. The partnership we have with PTE ultimately strengthens both of our businesses, utilizing VUE's infrastructure to drive growth for PTE and Pearson as a whole. Now, moving on to PDRI. PDRI has built a strong reputation for quality talent assessments, including tailored assessments to support U.S. federal government hiring. The U.S. federal government is one of the world's largest employers in the world, with more than 4 million professionals. Its USA Hire platform serves more than 40 government agencies and is used to assess more than 500,000 applicants annually. PDRI has delivered strong results at the end of Q3, supported by the growth from the recent contract to provide selection tests for the TSA. This contract also leverages the VUE Test Center network to deliver the assessments. Now, we're also seeing strong momentum going into 2024, with recent contract wins, the most noticeable being a five-year contract to provide the U.S. Air Force with promotion assessments. This partnership exemplifies the additional assessment opportunities we can offer the federal government, while we're also seeing the potential for cross-selling opportunities with our workforce division. We could not be more pleased to have the PDRI team on board. The integration has progressed well. They are profit accretive and have contributed to the growth by bringing new partners on board. Now, the third and fi- Are you ready to pass your certification exam? This course is designed to help you do just that. Pearson Cert Prep is a great supplement to your class because it provides a comprehensive set of tools to help prepare you for your exam. While your instructor may use this material in specific ways, this course generally follows a certain path. Course content is broken down into topic areas that are mapped directly to the key concepts and exam objectives that are published by the exam program. Through a combination of text explanations, diagrams, real-world examples, and video demonstrations, you can rest assured that you'll learn the specific skills and concepts you need to know, not only to pass the certification exam, but to be successful in the real world. Interactive activities at the end of each section will ensure that you truly grasp the objectives from each section and help you retain what you learn. Test your retention of concepts and terminology with interactive quizzes, and practice completing tasks in a safe environment within the real application with hands-on lab activities. Finally, experience what it's like to take the real exam by taking the included practice test in timed mode. Then, view your score report so you can see how you're doing with the material. You can customize the practice test to focus only on the areas in which you need the most help. With hundreds of questions, you can take the practice test over and over until you feel confident. When you've passed the practice test in timed mode twice, you're ready to take the certification exam. All the tools included in this Pearson Cert Prep course are tailored to prepare you for your exam. When you're ready, get tips for how to plan for, schedule, and take your exam, including what to expect at a test center and how to be in the best mindset to pass. You are on your way to earning that certification. Okay, that was a video showing the third, the third and final strategic initiative I would like to highlight, and this is the opportunity for Pearson VUE to move up the technology value chain... As we all know, growth in the technology sector continues to compound at a rapid pace. Because of the high demand for training and prep materials, we're expanding VUE's core service offerings. We're transitioning from an exam delivery provider to a broader, value-added, full-service provider. We will service our customers, channel partners, and take test takers across the entire learn, practice, certify life cycle. We believe this will open up the potential for Pearson VUE to access a $15 billion-$20 billion certification prep market. We are well-positioned to win in this highly fragmented, adjacent market for several reasons. First, we are seen as the authority in the test delivery space. Second, our market expansion is straightforward through our existing network of training and testing centers. Third, we have long-standing relationships with in-demand technology certification partners. And last, we have the unique ability to leverage our wider learning experience. We've been working in partnership with our higher education division to support a series of Cert Prep coursework products, and you actually seen the highlights of that in the video that we've just shown. Our Cert Prep offering is a vital step in becoming a full-service provider, offering learning, learners prep material all the way through to test delivery. So, in summary, Pearson VUE is a global leader in high-stakes, computer-based testing, with a strong, diverse portfolio of customers and the most extensive test center network in the sector. We have seen strong growth in 2023, and we are on track for a continued growth as we expand our core offerings and capitalize on the opportunity to move up the certification value chain. With that, I would like to hand over to my colleague, Sharon. Thanks, Gary, and good morning. My name is Sharon Hague, and I run the school assessment and school qualification businesses at Pearson. These are purpose-driven and trusted businesses focused on helping K- 12 students at a critical time in their lives. Let me explain briefly a little bit more about what we do. In the U.S. school assessments business, we provide the technology, operational, content development, psychometric, and scoring services to deliver assessment tests in schools from grades three through to eight, and then on to high school and college readiness. We are experts at addressing the complex and differing state-level accountability criteria, customizing programs to meet each state's unique requirements, and delivering these services under contract over a multi-year period. The impact of this business on educators and testing statewide requires a relentless focus on quality and a high degree of trust. In the U.K. and international markets, we provide globally recognized qualifications, including GCSEs and A levels. We help students at the end of two phases of secondary education in the British curriculum. GCSEs and International GCSEs are typically taken at the age of 16, in approximately eight subjects per student. A levels and international equivalents are taken at the age of 18 and enable entry into university or onto employment. The GCSE or A level itself includes the curriculum, the assessment, and the certification, and teachers choose whether to use the Pearson qualifications or those from a couple of other providers. In addition, this business also provides the print and digital teaching and learning resources that support teachers in delivering the curriculum. The content is owned by Pearson, and we are known for our high-quality math offering and are also a leading provider in history, business, and economics. The impact of the work that we do on individual students means that this is a highly trusted business with an absolute focus on quality. In both businesses, we provide the data that can assist with the continual improvement of education standards, helping governments and schools understand the overall performance of students. For the students themselves, the outcomes of these assessments and qualifications help them in the progression of their learning journey. Our U.K. and international qualifications are recognized globally by universities and employers, enabling student progression and, importantly, strengthening the Pearson brand. Now, the primary and secondary education landscape is very dependent on government policy, which evolves over time. When policy changes are implemented, it happens over a long cycle, which stimulates demand over a multi-year period as both governments and teachers seek support in implementing the changes. Importantly, there are exciting opportunities for growth. K- 12 is very important to governments at a local level and all the way up to federal level. The relationships and trust we are able to build with a broad range of stakeholders, including governments, supports Pearson more broadly, strengthening our brand. So let me quickly highlight how these units have been performing. U.S. School Assessment delivered a revenue of just over GBP 360 million last year, and is up 8% through the first nine months of this year. Meanwhile, U.K. and International Qualifications delivered GBP 245 million of revenue in 2022, and is also growing 8% so far this year. Going forward, we expect this unit to grow due to our international qualification offer and product launches. So on to our competitive advantage. So some of our key competitive advantage are: firstly, our strong in-market position. We have an incumbent advantage both in the U.S. and the U.K. Secondly, our scale enables us to innovate, for example, in on-screen assessment, and we have access to technologies that we can use to leverage the expertise that exists in other parts of Pearson, for example, in Pearson VUE. We're also experts at managing a range of stakeholder expectations and are important trusted advisors. Our stakeholders include students, parents, teachers, schools, and governments, and our ability to understand and share best practice globally is an advantage and becoming increasingly important in K-12 education. We share across the two business specialist capabilities such as content production, scoring, assessment design, and we can leverage those across all of the markets that we operate in, but always meeting the specific government standard. And most importantly, all of this is done at scale. We deliver millions of tests a year and manage the very many different stakeholder relationships and expectations in a range of markets. Now, I mentioned earlier the opportunity for growth in our international qualifications. So let me walk you through this opportunity in a little more detail. Global demand for British education remains strong. Parents and students want internationally recognized qualifications that can provide access to the best colleges and universities around the world. Internationally, we're bringing to market innovation in high-stakes assessment. We were the first exam board to provide on-screen assessments in both GCSEs and International GCSEs, and in addition, we offer modular and linear routes to completion. In the last eight years, we have significantly expanded our global presence. The number of schools that we are working with has nearly doubled, and we have expanded to an additional 24 markets. We expect this growth to be driven in the following three ways: firstly, we're continually analyzing our markets and make sure that we focus on the ones with the most growth potential and are dedicating resources to those markets. Secondly, we'll use our technology capabilities to launch innovative, future-ready assessments. Thirdly, we can win and retain business through our fantastic team and relentless focus on a superior customer experience. Thank you for your time, and I'll now hand over to Art. Thank you. Thanks very much, Sharon. The Clinical Assessment portfolio. This part of our business helps professionals assess learners and patients across a wide range of developmental areas. Couple of examples: determining if a child shows signs of conditions such as ADHD, autism, or dyslexia. Assessing learning and cognitive traits such as memory, language processing, spatial recognition, behavior traits, and other attributes to guide future support. Or evaluating general personality traits to help make high-stakes decisions, such as hiring someone for a job in public protection, such as a police officer or a pilot, or determining someone's suitability to obtain child custody as part of a divorce settlement. This blue-chip portfolio of intellectual property drives much of the competitive advantage that we have. We offer hundreds of products in the market to support this very broad array of needs. The increased awareness and acceptance of general mental health services and government funding for school tools to assess cognitive, language, and learning capabilities have enabled more clinicians, teachers, and learners to benefit from our offerings. This is all happening on a global scale. Our products are adapted and sold around the world, with a particularly strong position in North America, Europe, Southeast Asia. In 2022, Clinical Assessments delivered GBP 262 million of revenue. Year to date, this unit's growing on a 4% underlying basis. Now, let's spend a moment taking a peek at a video of our digital delivery platform, Q Interactive. First, and most important, this is gonna give you a short view of the setting in which our highly skilled and compassionate customers use our products to help the development of learners of all ages. That digital capability that you just saw is at the center of our growth story. Let me talk a little bit about some of these examples. The Digital Assessment Library for Schools, DALS, is in market today for U.S. school districts. This innovative offering provides a subscription for use of our entire digital library of assessments for all students in the district who qualify. We've seen this offering grow 95% over the last four years, with an exceptionally high retention rate of over 90%. We're continuing to invest in this offer, with plans to make it available outside of school districts, for example, private health practitioners, in upcoming releases. Clinical pharmaceutical trials are another source of promising growth. Our tools provide great value as part of global drug trials. They're used to help measure various traits of trial participants, helping to measure both the direct efficacy as well as potential side effects of the drug that's being tested. I hope this gives you a good overview of our clinical business and the drivers of its growth going forward. With that, we'll hear from our A&Q Finance Lead, Mary Kempf, on some specifics of the overall performance of the business. Mary? Thanks, Art, and good morning, everyone. It's my pleasure to highlight how our strong competitive position, scale, and services are translating into strong financial results with consistent growth and increasing profits. Looking back at 2022, A&Q delivered strong results with underlying revenue growth of 8% and an operating profit of 18%. Last week, we reported strong year-to-date 2023 performance, sales up 8%, driven by solid growth in each business unit, with particularly strong results from VUE. We also raised our outlook for the year and now expect mid-single-digit revenue growth. In addition, we're on track for profit margins to increase in 2023. I want to also emphasize that in many of our units, we have strong visibility and predictability into our revenue and returns on continued investment. This visibility was demonstrated with some of the points my colleagues mentioned earlier. Specifically, we have strong relationships with our VUE partners, and as Gary mentioned, the business consistently has a retention rate in the high 90s. As Art just spoke to, for Clinical, the business is increasingly shifting to a digital subscription model, where we have an exceptionally high retention rate of over 90%. Putting this all together, we have strong visibility into a high proportion of our A&Q revenues, which helps us to manage the business and guide our future financial performance. Now, let me touch on the investment priorities. Our goal is to continue delivering strong growth and contributing to strong return on capital and cash generation for the group. As a result, we prioritize our investments in two ways. We invest to maintain that strong end market position, and we'll invest in those strategic growth opportunities where we can expand into new segments, geographies, and services. For instance, the acquisition of PDRI, which Gary mentioned, which significantly expands Pearson VUE services to the U.S. federal government. It is profit accretive and also contributes to growth by bringing on board new key federal agencies. In our clinical and student assessment and qualifications businesses, we are investing in our product offering. Art and Sharon discussed earlier how we're bringing innovative products to market to serve both existing needs and areas of growth, with examples such as the future-ready assessments and international qualifications and a continuous pipeline of products in clinical, along with new digitally enabled business subscription models. Collectively, the investments we are making today enable us to maintain our strong market position while also setting us up for continued growth in the years ahead. We continue to be disciplined in our investments and rigorous in our focus on securing those required returns. Let me now turn to our margin performance and how we can further improve this. We are very proud of our 18% margin in A&Q, but we also know there is room for this to move higher. And while we want to continue delivering strong top-line performance, we want to do so profitably. Our margins are on track to increase in 2023 and through to 2025. There are three levers that will be key to driving this improvement. First is through operating leverage on sales growth. As our top line grows, we see strong drop-through to profits.... Second, as we invest behind our product and continue to bring innovations to market, these premium products support margin expansion. And third, we're always looking at ways to deploy innovation, particularly generative AI, to drive cost efficiencies across the business. With that, I will now hand it over to Sally. Thanks, Mary, and good morning, everyone. Today, I want to highlight our recent nine-month results and the importance of A&Q within it, the exciting growth opportunities we have ahead, and our investment case. Starting with a quick overview of our strong third quarter update that we presented last week. I'm not gonna run you through all the details again, but I will outline some key highlights, including the continued momentum we are seeing across the business, with a particularly strong performance in both PTE and Assessments and Qualifications. As you've heard, A&Q is our largest business, so the underlying revenue growth of 8% that it delivered in the first nine months of the year was the largest contributor to group revenue growth in the period. This strong performance led us to raise our sales guidance for A&Q this year, which in turn has driven an increase in our group-level growth expectations. With a strong broad drop-through from revenues to profits, we have also increased our full year adjusted operating profit guidance by about GBP 20 million to GBP 570 million-575 million. Having talked about the contribution that A&Q is making to the current year, I'll now turn to our medium-term outlook. As a group, we plan to deliver mid-single-digit underlying revenue growth across the 2022-2025 period. We also expect to reach a group-level 2025 adjusted profit margin of 16%-17%, which will represent a meaningful improvement from the 12% we delivered last year. One factor that is not widely known about Pearson is our attractive cash dynamics and improving return on investment. A&Q is an important contributor to our guidance of group cash conversion of above 90%, both this year and through to 2025, and a return on capital well above WACC. Needless to say, our ambitions stretch well beyond 2025, and we see a range of opportunities to drive sustainable top-line growth and margin expansion, not only through organic growth, but also from significant synergies and cross-selling opportunities across our portfolio and continued investment into new consumer and enterprise products. We have a disciplined approach to capital allocation, and thanks to our strong balance sheet and excellent cash generation, we are well positioned to invest in future growth opportunities while also returning cash to shareholders through our dividend policy, as well as a current share buyback. Hopefully, today, you will have gained a greater sense of those opportunities, which will drive long-term shareholder value through sustainable, profitable growth and higher returns. Why invest in Pearson? As you've heard, we operate in a growing market where no other company has the breadth and depth of our assets. We have a strong competitive position, giving us unique advantages of being able to offer one-stop solutions to our customers. Our strategy centers around a lifetime of learning, with us starting to build interconnectivity between our divisions, but with much more opportunity to drive customer acquisition potential. Each of our core financial KPIs is growing: sales, profit margins, free cash flow, and returns, all supporting realization of our purpose. Our ultimate goal is to help people learn, a fundamental need for human progress. We hope you've enjoyed the presentation today and learning more about Pearson and about A&Q. With that, we would be happy to take your questions, but there will be a short pause when we'll begin. Thank you. We're just gonna rearrange the furniture. Jo, how are we doing the questions? So get your in-room questions ready, ladies and gentlemen. And please, if you do have a question in the room, raise your hand and wait for the microphone so that the folks listening and watching online can hear your question as well as the answer. So I think we're ready. Please state your name and who you are. Yep. It's Luke Holbrook from Morgan Stanley. Thanks very much for the presentation. I thought that was really helpful. My first question really just comes from an M&A standpoint, because you discussed a lot about organic growth opportunities, and also what PDRI brought to VUE. How are you thinking going forwards on the possibility of further M&A to help accelerate some of the opportunities that you see in front? Maybe that's either for Art or Gary as well. And then the second one, I think, would be helpful to get an understanding a little bit more on the market share dynamics, specifically, within, I think, VUE or U.S. student assessments, how those have trended over the last few years. You discussed about opportunity into 2024, in particular, in VUE. Again, just getting an understanding on that front as well. Thank you. Art, would you like to lead with the M&A question? In fact, with both questions, I think are fair in your- Yeah. Yeah, Yeah, makes sense. Nice to see you, Luke. Good to have you here today. We do feel great about the progress that we're making with PDRI, and I suspect that that came through well during the remarks that we had. We do have a strong balance sheet, but as of right now, we're not planning any material M&A. But we're always scanning the market and put ourselves in a position to react to opportunities that come up. On market share? Yeah. In terms of market share, VUE and School Assessments are two very good examples to call out because those businesses are almost exclusively won by competitively bid contracts. And our market share performance is very good in both of those businesses. The number of bids that are available is discrete enough that we can track our performance pretty well, and we're doing extremely favorably versus the competitors in winning both new bids and ones that are up for renewal, as you saw by the outstanding renewal rate that we have. So very good news to report on market share of those two. I'll just add a, you know, hopefully, you all get a sense of, you know, the scale of these businesses, the unique IP that all of the businesses have, which is gonna become increasingly important and increasingly valuable, as we go forward. And the fact that we continually invest both in product, in testing centers, as Gary referred to, so in our infrastructure, our digital capabilities, and when we have an opportunity, like a PDRI is a great example, that adds to the existing portfolio of assets and is accretive to the business, and opens up a whole new market sector for us, or whether in international assessments, school assessments, you know, geographical expansion. We're constantly looking at the best ways to utilize our existing capital, not necessarily just buying it, doing M&A for the sake of it. Next question, gentleman at the back. Great, thank you. Matt Saltzman, also with Morgan Stanley. Could you just talk a little bit about how you see the competitive dynamics in the U.S. federal space, and some of the initiatives you have in place, in addition to the PDRI acquisition, in terms of going after that market opportunity? Thanks. Gary? Thanks for the question, Matt. Oh, it's a bit loud. Yeah, I mean, I think what I would say is, as we said, you know, the PDRI acquisition's gone really well, and they've really got a unique position in the market because the, the sort of, you know, the, the expertise we have with PDRI really fits well with the federal market, 'cause I think, you know, it's a bit fragmented and bringing that together, and also coupled with the synergy with our Pearson VUE network, really brings, you know, really helps us in terms of progressing that market. And as, as I highlighted in the presentation, you know, we've won some contracts very recently, particularly in the U.S. Air Force, which shows that we're really, you know, gaining market share there. We're really excited about the opportunity because expanding a vertical, which, you know, VUE had very little play in. So it, I think we've got a real opportunity to push that forward. Great. Any other questions in the room? Okay, we'll go to the operator, Andy, Elliott. Are there any questions online? Thank you. If you'd like to ask a question, please press star followed by one on your telephone keypad. If you'd like to withdraw your question, please press star followed by two. And to submit your questions via the platform, you can type your questions via the questions box on the right-hand side. Our first question comes from Adam Berlin with UBS. Your line is open. Hi, good morning to you all in New York, good afternoon, London. I have three questions, if I could. The first question, I was interested in what you were saying about international expansion of Edexcel, your GCSE and A-level business. Can you tell us a bit more about which markets you're targeting for that growth? And maybe you can share a little bit more about how big that international revenue is today and how fast it's growing. That would be really helpful. That's the first question. The second question is on Pearson VUE. As you said, you've had a really strong performance this year, up 11%. It's almost like two years of growth in one year. So I'm just wondering, as you think about 2024, you know, should we expect a much kind of more flat year next year, just given how strong it's been? Or, or do these initiatives you talked about mean we can have another strong year of growth? Just trying to think that through. And thirdly, you talked about drop-through to profit in A&Q revenue growth. Can you give us an idea of the range of drop-through on profit? I know there's cost savings coming in this year will make it a little bit different, but just say beyond 2023, what's the right drop-through we should be thinking about on the operating leverage in, in A&Q growth? Thanks very much. Shall I take that last question? Yeah, absolutely. - and then first one for you, Sharon, and, I'll pick up on VUE, and you can, you can complement if you like, Gary. So from a profit drop-through perspective, you've heard me talk before, Adam, about, ... the cost savings that have come through this year that are driving that, that margin improvement this year. Obviously, we've got operating leverage coming through from our trading growth as well. And then as we look out from 2023 to across that 25 period, that margin improvement coming through from operating leverage. And across the assessments and qualification business, the way I look at operating leverage is between about 40% and 60%, with VUE being at the lower end of that, with a smaller kind of fixed cost base underneath it, and clinical assessments being at the higher end of that range. So hopefully that gives you a good idea. And then from a VUE perspective, obviously amazing performance, up 11%, for Q3 this year. I think we've always indicated that VUE is a mid-ish growth over the 2022-2025 period. So I think you'll see that growth moderate out a little bit this year. But with those initiatives that Gary has talked about, so that kind of expansion into the vertical with PDRI growing, with the other investments we're making in the kind of base business, I think there's a lot of opportunity for us to accelerate that in the future. Thanks, Adam. Thank you. So, on the international expansion, I mean, the first thing I would say is we keep the markets under a continuous review. As you know, in the international space, opportunities can emerge quite quickly, so we're continually reviewing where we're prioritising, where we're focusing. You can see from the presentation that we've expanded the number of countries that we operate in from 90 to 114 over the past few years, and we expect to continue to do that, as well as deepen the relationships that we have in existing markets. We have some very strong relationships in a number of existing markets, and we're seeing really good growth there. And the way we're doing it, I think is really exciting. So not just that focus on where we're operating, but also on the offer that we have. And we're really positioning ourselves as the innovative exam board with different routes to completion of the products, as well as different modes of assessment. Which in many markets where young people face quite an uncertain future and really need to make sure that they have the skills to enable them to progress their careers in a, you know, a world where many of the jobs that they'll be doing don't even exist now, that innovative approach is very, very appealing to both parents as well as the schools themselves. And we do have a fantastic team on the ground, and I think another element to this is that we really are able to leverage our centralized capabilities to then deploy in very many markets around the world. That expansion is really about people and having people in markets and building the relationships, which we know we have a really strong track record of doing and have a fantastic team to do that. Thanks, Sharon, and thanks for the question, Adam. Shall we move on to the next question, operator, please? Yes. As a reminder, if you'd like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad now. We have no further questions. I'm going to hand back to the room. Andy, I'll take... I've got a couple actually from the platform. I've got one from Sami, from Exane. I'll break it down into different questions. So first part, "Can you please provide a revenue breakdown of Pearson VUE by verticals, and how big is technology for this business?" Second question from Sami is: "Can you provide some comments on the calendar of U.S. school state testing contract renewals? When are California, Texas, and Florida up for renewal? Okay, who wants to break down the revenue by vertical, Sally? I think on one of the slides in the pack, we did that for you actually. So, you can see some of the larger segments in technology across the healthcare sectors. You can see the professional piece in it. So it's about midway through that presentation, there's a nice pie chart that breaks it down for you. Andy, you wanna add in terms of uh- No, that's right. You know, just look at the pie chart and you'll see the data. I think the thing that I'd like to point out from that is its diverse range of kind of verticals that we're in, with technology being a large one, which gives us that opportunity into that Cert Prep business that you saw in that video earlier. What I would add is, obviously, we talked about PDRI, so we're gonna see the federal market increase as well in terms of going into next year. Contract renewals? Yes, thank you. So, as you saw from the presentation, the U.S. school assessments business is up 8% this year, and I think that reflects the relentless focus that we have right now on providing our customers with the best service that we can. You know, we know that K-12 education is really a priority for governments, you know, at state level and around the world right now. So we have an absolutely relentless focus on delivering value for our customers and driving, helping them to drive those improvements in educational outcomes. So in any one year, there will be contracts up for renewal. They cover multi-year periods. But that focus that we have on doing absolutely the best job that we can to deliver high quality and support our customers in delivering what they need, is what's going to be our key to success. ... Yeah. Thank you, Sharon. I think the theme, and you heard it in the presentations, is not just the breadth of offering, but the stability of those relationships, the high renewal rates of contracts, whether it's in school, in VUE, in clinical. You know, this is a really high-quality set of businesses, really, really high-quality cash generation and very high visibility going forward. So, and extremely good management team. I think I'm contractually obliged to say that. And the other thing that's worth noting, that's implied in the presentation, of course, in those sectors, to your first question, Sami, is of course, the very sectors that we deal with at scale, think healthcare, think IT and technology, think professional services, finance, accounting, for example. Many of those certifications you need as an individual to get recertified. So this is the many of these instances are not one and done in terms of if you've got a certification in 2020 in a certain, you know, cloud certification for a certain provider, and they then update their product, their technology, there is a need for you to go back and recertify. So there's this notion of not only are we capturing a lot of people at scale, on an annualized basis, the requirement for those individuals to come back and recertify, and that's where particularly the Credly business, as the world's largest certification wallet, in some regards, plays a significant part, and you see that increasing going forward. Questions, Jo? Yes. Next question is from Nick Dempsey, from Barclays. There's three, but I think we've answered the U.S. student assessment, Nick, so I'm going to go for two. Is E-proctoring an opportunity or a threat for Pearson VUE? If E-proctored tests become the norm, does that not mean that your network of testing centers is less competitive as an advantage? And then the next question is, is the Edexcel business in the U.K. likely to see growth much better than flatish going forward? That was roughly the historical growth, I believe. Gary? Okay, shall I take the proctoring- E-proctoring ... or online proctoring question? Yeah. Thanks for the question, Nick. I mean, it's an really interesting question, and as I highlighted in our, in, in my part of the presentation, we take a multimodal approach to exam delivery, and we meet customers where they are. I mean, one thing to look at. I mean, obviously, online proctoring really accelerated during COVID, obviously, and we were actually at an online proctoring solution before COVID, and that ramped up to 3 million exams. You know, I did say we do 19 million. Actually, what we're seeing now is that sort of peaked, and it's coming down slightly, and there's reasons for that, is because some customers. You think some customers are taking these exams, some of them are 6 hours. You know, do you want to sit at home for 6 hours to take a, an online proctored exam? You could be disturbed. You know, people have spent months and years getting ready to take these exams. So actually, what we're seeing in the market is actually that people are moving back to test centers. Online proctoring isn't going away, and our job at Pearson VUE is making sure that we provide the optionality for our customers to deliver a fair, reliable testing experience that is secure, and we work with our customers to make sure that's right. So we're actually leading the way to make sure we meet the customers where they are. So the answer is online proctoring is here to stay, but actually, you know, people want choice, and we're seeing when we're providing that choice. Sharon? Yeah, thank you. I mentioned in the presentation we've delivered 8% growth this year in the school qualifications business. So in answer to the question, we are delivering growth, and you know, we're working hard to do that through product innovation going forward. And I suppose as we go into the next three years, I indicated as I spoke that you know, changes in government policy are a huge stimulus to the market, and we will no doubt see some changes over the next few years. So I'm very optimistic about you know, the next few years for that business. But you know, we're delivering growth right now. Thanks, Sharon. And next two questions are from Daniel Kerven, from JP Morgan. First question: What are the long-term risks and opportunities from AI and automated marking for summative and formative assessments? Second question: Is proctoring online testing an alternative to physical testing centers, and is it an advantage for not just for VUE, but also for Pearson Test of English? I think Gary sort of answered- Yeah ... the second piece as it relates, you know, to online versus- Yeah ... physical. You know, these are life-changing in many, many instances. They are literally life-changing. If you think about the Pearson Test of English, you know, you are going to take that test as part of a emigration to Australia, for example, where you're going to get a job. You know, how you do in the Pearson Test of English affects not just you, but your entire family. So we take that responsibility incredibly seriously, and the ability to do that, whether you're a student going to study, or literally you're going to take your family and emigrate to Australia and start a new life, not just a new career, but a new life. These are very high stakes, and the need for security-... The need for, as was referenced, whether you're taking the test in New York or you're taking the test in Manila, I think was the example, or in Bangalore, you get consistency, and that's super, super important. So just a bit on that, but in terms of Generative AI, whatever it is. Yeah. Well, Andy, your remarks about the responsibility that we bear in delivering this critical service to people ties very nicely to AI. We have leading capabilities in AI that are in the market today. We do lots of scoring of different types of exams. Sharon in particular talked about that during her remarks. We also have AI capabilities in our proctoring solutions that can aid the human proctor in detecting activities that require further investigation. In terms of generative AI, we can all imagine what the possibilities could be, and our R&D activities are looking very, very hard at things like content generation, which is clearly a huge part of what we do as an assessment company. But it's worth pointing out that we are proceeding very cautiously with this in terms of going into market, and that's what our customers want. Because of the high stakes of the types of things that we do, the precision and care around what goes out to the field is paramount. To absolutely see Generative AI as a tool that will bring us efficiencies over time, but we are not in a race to push things out in front of test takers right now with Generative AI. If anything, I'd say it's the opposite. Yeah, that's it, it's very well put. You know, there is the AI of it, and we've been doing AI for over two decades across the businesses and across all of these three businesses. So AI, heavily embedded across the company, heavily utilized. The generative AI, you've heard us talk about last week about what we're doing in terms of higher education. And to Art's point, we've just got to be very careful as it relates to this specific business, because it has to be 100% correct 100% of the times. So we're doing a lot of interesting, as Art said, research into it, aside from the efficiencies from content creation and the like. I'd only add, which I referenced at our Q3 call last week, data and the value and the quality of the data sets and the IP that underpins those data sets is only going to increase. And as a company, we have incredibly rich data across the company. You see and can imagine some of the examples of the data that we have within the businesses before you now. We talk about the data and insights we're getting in our higher education business, in our workforce solutions business. The value, you know, the value of that data, it's more than just words. People think about, oh, it's just textbooks or, you know, scraping the internet for words. The value of the data that we are generating internally is only going to increase as the applications to utilize that data with Generative AI increases, and we're doing some interesting R&D. Let's put it that as it relates to that space. There's a question, follow-up question at the back of the room. Yes, another follow-up. So on the topic of generative AI and what you're doing in R&D, can you just talk a little bit about kind of this, like, strategy that you're approaching those activities with? Are you looking to partner with larger players and, you know, utilize, you know, third-party large language models? Are you looking to actually build out internally those capabilities and do kind of more education-focused, small language models? Just kinda curious on the investment front, how you're approaching that. We have been. I remarked last week, we've been approached by everyone you could imagine to license our data, and some that you wouldn't imagine have also approached us, which sort of validates the hypothesis around the quality of the data. One of the things around our data is actually its complexity. You know, I referenced scraping of words. You know, if you think of the LLMs are really scraping a thin layer of information from the internet and beyond. What makes a lot of our content, a lot of our IP, whether it's in clinical, in many of our assessments, certainly within sort of our higher ed courseware, is actually complexity. It's the depth of the data. This is not just, you know, with the greatest respect to other, you know, it's not just words strung together. There is an architecture, there is a structure around how that data is utilized, and it that drives proven results. Whether that is, you know, Campbell's Biology, as I often refer to, you know, there is something inherent in the structure of how that courseware is constructed, or Tro's Chemistry, another example, way through to many other parts of the business. That's what we see a lot of value in. That's actually quite hard to replicate, and so then, you know, we're doing some interesting things where if you just take all of our small data sets and put them kind of within a sandbox, and then you put that sandbox on top of other LLMs, we can then measure the data. But one thing, when we do that, the quality of the output is far, far higher. Obviously, because richness of data in and the purity of the data in, we're only putting our own data in, it leads to increased purity of data out the other side. And we're doing some very, very interesting, you know, research across the company into that. We've had very encouraging responses and engagement. We put generative AI study tools into Pearson Plus this semester and into three MLM titles, and we're getting a lot of really useful feedback, Tom, Tony, and the team. So as I've said from day one, generative AI for Pearson is a significant net positive over the long run, but what we wanna do is be very thoughtful. We've seen many people come up with a headline around 'Gen AI this, Gen AI that,' and when you scrape beneath the surface, it's not really. There's no there there. And so what we want to do is trust and quality across all of our businesses, particularly in the businesses that you've seen highlighted, today. It's so important. It's what sets Pearson apart. One of the reasons that sets Pearson apart from its peers in different businesses that we operate in is, you trust us, and because you trust us, 'cause we deliver high quality. So we're not gonna go and just run after the headline. We have the confidence. We know, we have the confidence of our IP as an asset. We have a confidence in the quality and the value and the increasing value of our data as it relates to, you know, a technology that whilst Generative AI is, you know, several years old, it only really came to public consciousness 12 months ago. So, you know, we've been. We are investing a lot of money, a lot of time, a lot of effort, understanding what is possible and also what is not possible. But the net of this across all of our businesses is only gonna be positive. Thank you. Jo? Thanks, Andy. So, Sally, this is definitely a question for you. It's on cash. Please, could you elaborate more on how we get from 60% free cash flow conversion to 90% conversion for cash? And how should we think about free cash flow next year, in terms of growth and thereafter? Thanks, Jo. Who's that from? Sean Johnston from Goldman Sachs. Hi. So in terms of free cash flow, you'll have seen improvement over recent years. The 90% that I refer to is in operating cash. So if you look at our profit, what drops through to operating cash, and then the three factors underneath that as you get to free cash flow are restructuring costs that we've had historically, tax and interest. And one of the things that is going to be a part of Pearson from a go-forward point of view is that restructuring cost drops out, and therefore, you'll see that conversion raise when we look at free cash flow. So, a really strong free cash flow conversion outlook. Thanks, Sally. Next question comes from Tom at Citigroup. How do you go about adding more tests when you own the entire value chain, à la Pearson Test of English, and does this bring you into conflict with your customers? Gary? Thanks, thanks for the question, Tom. Interesting. I mean, obviously, in terms of, you know, we've, we've talked about we have 550 different clients in different sectors, and there is this thing about, obviously, for some of the highest, you know, some of the tests, particularly in the medical space, that's not really a space where we do prep materials or what have you. We see the opportunity really in the technology space, and the reason, you know, twofold. One is obviously we do a lot of certifications in the technology space, but also we have relationships with those players in terms of have those certifications that want to support... And at the end of the day, the technology players want people to be certified in their products and their services because that grows them, so it's a symbiotic relationship. The other thing that's important is that, you know, from what we're doing, is that I think those opportunities, because technology changes quite rapidly, it means there's always a need for reskilling and practicing and really quality products to give people the confidence to take an exam. You know, if you think about it, what Pearson VUE do is offer a service which no one really wants. No one wants to take an exam, but they want the outcome of the exam, you know. So what we're trying to do is make that really helpful for the test taker to have, you know, the best possible testing experience. But just to reiterate, some of the markets we have to separate preparation from actually delivering the test, but we think technology is the way to go. Anything to add, Andy, or you all good? Yep. Hey, Tom. I'd also just add, you know, the size of it as it relates to PTE, at any one time, there's about 1.5 billion people in the world learning English. It is the global language of business. And so if you think about, you know, the overall share relative to that scale, you can see opportunity, particularly in enterprise, and we are seeing that in our workforce solutions, where, you know, many global companies are hiring individuals where English is their second language. So the need for a proof of English language proficiency-... And the ability to get those individuals, those employees up to a level of English language proficiency increases productivity for the companies and for the enterprises. So we're doing a fair amount of work there in looking at introducing a mid-stakes Pearson Test of English, as we've mentioned prior, which will help address some of that market. So a lot of growth within the PTE piece, Tom, but as you heard from Gary, it's again, it's that breadth of the number of certifications and we're gonna start, as Gary referenced, in the IT and tech space, where we can start to move up that value chain. We actually within—this is where you think about how you redefine what higher education is, 'cause within Tom's world, within higher education, we already are producing many technology textbooks and products that are used in order to study for the test. So if we can start to bring those together and move up the value chain with greater and greater sort of ARPU of each of the individuals coming to take a certification. Really interesting part of the business and ability for us to expand in that area. Thanks, Andy. Two more questions from Ben, from Deutsche Bank. "The long-term growth of VUE has been impressive. Out to 2025, how should we think about the breakdown of growth between the existing testing business and adjacent markets? And secondly, given long-term contracts and high retention rates, assessment seems quite a defensive business. Are there other characteristics you would highlight to reflect the resiliency of this business? Yeah. Yeah. Give me a second. Sure. Go for it, Gary. Yeah, thanks for the question, Ben. I mean, as I explained, you know, in terms of growth for Pearson VUE, you know, there's three key areas. Obviously, we're... You know, we wanna maintain our and grow our current customer base, support the cross-divisional initiatives from PTE and help that scale. The federal market, in terms of growing in the federal market, and obviously moving up the value chain. We've really got... You know, we think there's some real positive momentum there, as I've talked about, and we think, you know, the future looks fairly bright. Nice to have you with us today, Ben, and you're absolutely right about the defensive nature of the large contract portfolio that we have. And there's a couple of things that we think about as we're kind of assessing what the future of that business looks like. We love the visibilities that the contract gives us to the revenue, but beyond that, it also gives us direct visibility to what government agencies are thinking in terms of regulation and policy change. It gives us visibility to what large technology partners who we service today are putting out into market in terms of innovating their own products and needing certification to go along with it. So it's not just the pure financials of those contracts that gives us an advantage in the business. It really does serve as an excellent platform for driving future ongoing advancements in the services that we offer. The other thing that this breadth of contracts gives us is that breadth, not only across all the different professions that we have in VUE, but across all different stages of learning, and this further protects us from swings in any one areas at any one time. It's so broad, and there's so many different components of where we're participating in learning, that it's an overall excellent base to give us that visibility, that high confidence in the revenue numbers that we're delivering. Sure. Thank you, Art. Actually, Art, the next question is for you as well, 'cause it's on clinical. It comes from Nick, again, at Barclays. "Clinical assessments saw a modest decline in terms of organic revenue growth in each of 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019. However, recently, that has improved. Does the improvement relate to inflation, or is there a structural shift or change in the market? There have absolutely been changes, both in the market as well as in our own execution abilities in that market. So I think I referenced in my remarks earlier that acceptance and demand for the types of products and services that our clinical business supports is quite high right now. People recognize the value of these services. They want these services, and in many instances, there's funding support from government agencies to help get those products into the hands of the clinicians that can help folks who have that need. We've also sharpened our execution quite a bit over the last few years. We have enhanced our customer service and our e-commerce capabilities to really capture that market well. We talked a little bit about our digital portfolio, and that has really not only captured the attention of our large school districts, but it also delivered tremendous predictability, due to the exceptionally high retention rates that we have in there. So it is a combination of, yes, the market has shifted in a way that is in support of these products, but we have also executed extremely well in those areas and taken advantage of it, which is what puts us in that very strong position in the market today. With that, Andy, I'll hand back to you. Well, thank you all for your questions and your interest. I hope you all agree with me. me. I remember way back in the virtual times of March 2021, when I first did a presentation as CEO, and I did reference the Assessments and Qualifications I thought then were... I referred to them as the crown jewel of the company. I still strongly believe that. I believe that they provide the core asset base from which, around certification and assessment, around which this company can drive even further growth, and it impacts other parts of the company. We've referenced English Language Learning. You heard a bit of a reference to higher ed. Obviously, workforce is another area that is also interlinks, as it were, with this team. I would also... Hopefully, you've all got a sense of the quality of the management of these businesses, and they are very, very complex businesses, and they are extremely, extremely well managed, not just by the representatives up here, but they will be the first to say, the many thousands of employees who help make these businesses so successful and deliver a high-quality, consistent product again and again and again. In fact, every 1.6 seconds, someone, somewhere in the world is getting a certification from Pearson. That's an incredible consistency and makes me incredibly proud, and I hope you've all gained a greater insight into this part of Pearson's business. And thank you for your time, and for those of you online, thank you for joining, and have a good afternoon, and the rest of you, have a good morning.