Ladies and gentlemen, good day and welcome to Ashok Leyland Q3 FY 2026 earnings conference call hosted by ICICI Securities Limited. As a reminder, all participant lines will be in the listen-only mode, and there will be an opportunity for you to ask questions after the presentation concludes. Should you need assistance during this conference call, please signal an operator by pressing star then zero on your touch-tone phone. Please note that this conference is being recorded. I now hand the conference over to Mr. Ronak Mehta from ICICI Securities Limited. Thank you, and over to you, Mr. Ronak. Thank you. Good evening, everyone. On behalf of ICICI Securities, I welcome you all to Q3 FY 2026 earnings conference call of Ashok Leyland Limited. We have with us today Mr. Shenu Agarwal, Managing Director and CEO. Mr. K. M. Balaji, President, Finance, and CFO. And Investor Relations Team. I will now hand over the call to the management team for their opening remarks. Over to you, sir. Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for joining in and for your trust in Ashok Leyland, as always. Q3 was a remarkable quarter for Ashok Leyland, delivering superlative financial performance, setting new benchmarks in manufacturing operations, and pushing boundaries in product innovation. Ashok Leyland achieved its highest-ever quarter three volumes, revenue, EBITDA, EBITDA margin, profit before tax, and profit after tax. Ashok Leyland recently inaugurated one of the most modern electric vehicle manufacturing plants, built from ground zero in just 14 months. Again, Ashok Leyland recently launched HIPPO tractor and TAURUS tipper range, with industry-best power and torque, and many other performance and reliability updates. The GST reset provided the much-needed trigger for a fresh CV replacement cycle to kick in. GST rate rationalization not only lowered the prices of CVs significantly but also created a major fillip in consumption and, therefore, in freight demand. It elevated sentiments of both retail and bulk buyers, resulting in strong volume growth in the last three months consecutively. In Q3, the domestic MHCV truck industry volume grew 24%, with overall MHCV industry growing by 21%. The LCV industry volume grew by 23%. The momentum has continued in January 2026, which augurs well for a strong FY 2026 finish. Ashok Leyland domestic MHCV volume growth for the quarter was at 23.4% YoY and was better than the industry growth. On YTD nine-month period as well, Ashok Leyland growth at 9.8% YoY was better than the industry growth, thus resulting in market share gains. The MHCV domestic market share on YTD basis was 30.9%, a gain of 60 basis points YoY. This is without defense and EVs for buses. Domestic MHCV truck volume for Q3 was at 27,615 units, and MHCV bus volume was at 5,314 units. Ashok Leyland domestic LCV volume for quarter three was at 20,518 units, higher by 30% year-on-year, beating industry growth. LCV Vahan market share for Q3 was at 12.1%, with a gain of 70 basis points YoY. For the nine-month period, domestic LCV market share stood at 12.7%, with a gain of 40 basis points YoY. Our exports volume for Q3 at 4,965 units was higher by 20% YoY. For nine-month period, exports volume was higher by 30%. The growth was broad-based, with double-digit volume growth across all our home markets outside India, which are GCC, Africa, and SAARC. Our non-CV businesses also grew as per plan. Aftermarket revenues for Q3 were higher by 10% year-on-year. Revenue from power solutions business was higher by 45% year-on-year, and revenue from defense business was higher by 84% year-on-year. Defense order book and tender win pipeline remained strong. We are steadfastly working on product innovation for differentiation and premiumization. Ashok Leyland recently launched the new range of heavy-duty trucks, HIPPO tractors, and TAURUS tippers, with industry-best power and torque. These products, with superior powertrain of 320 hp and 360 hp, and heavy-duty driveline aggregates, will deliver industry-best uptime TAT and TCO. In the multi-axle vehicle category also, we launched new trucks with improved powertrain of 280 hp, along with superior aggregates for better TAT and productivity. In the LCV segment, we launched new 4.1-ton Bada Dost, with industry-best payload capacity. We also launched a new 100 km/h Bada Dost torque Phoenix for our IO markets, and we extended load span options up to 10 feet 7 inches, thus expanding our product coverage in the LCV segment. Shortly, we will enter the growing bi-fuel segment as well. Our product pipeline remains strong, with launch of many more new products planned in the next six months. We continue to leverage our strong non-diesel portfolio. Two models of light electric trucks, three nodes of MHCV electric trucks, and several models and variants of electric buses are already available commercially. We are also ready with products on other greener technologies, such as CNG, LNG, and even hydrogen. With inauguration of the new Lucknow plant and continued ramp-up of our other bus plants, we shall soon reach bus body building capacity of 20,000 numbers per year. For strengthening our service reach, we added 75 MHCV touchpoints and 77 LCV touchpoints during the nine-month period, with 45% of the MHCV touchpoint additions in the north and northeast. At the end of Q3 FY 2026, Ashok Leyland network has a total of 2,041 touchpoints, 1,126 for MHCV and 915 for LCV. In international markets, they have expanded our network to four new territories. Quite recently, Ashok Leyland signed an MOU with PT Pindad of Indonesia, a state-owned entity in the defense sector for joint development of electric buses and defense vehicles for the Indonesian market. With distributor partners already lined up in Malaysia and Philippines, we are in the process of establishing ASEAN as our fourth home market outside India. Now coming to financials, Ashok Leyland achieved all-time high quarter three revenue, EBITDA, EBITDA margin, PBT, and PAT. Revenue for Q3 was at INR 11,534 crore, higher by 21.7% on year-over-year basis. EBITDA was at INR 1,535 crore, higher by 26.7% year-over-year. EBITDA margin for the quarter was at 13.3%, higher by 50 basis points against Q3 of last year. PBT, before exceptional items, was at INR 1,373 crore, higher 38% on year-over-year basis. PAT, before exceptional item for Q3, was at INR 1,104 crore, higher by 45% year-on-year. During the quarter, on account of the new labor code, there was a one-time charge of INR 308 crore. Material cost as a percentage of revenue for Q3 was 72.2%, higher by 70 basis points YoY and 100 basis points sequentially. This gross margin compression was on account of product mix and some escalations in non-ferrous commodities with PGM, copper, and aluminum. Cost-saving efforts continue with the same rigor while we are pushing for improvement in price realizations for recovering commodity cost increases. CapEx for the quarter was at INR 187 crore and cumulatively INR 844 crore for the nine-month period. Investments in subsidiaries in Q3 and for the nine-month period were INR 16 crore. Our cash position net of debt has got stronger. We had net cash of INR 2,619 crore at the end of the quarter, an increase of more than INR 1,660 crore on year-over-year basis. Coming to our subsidiaries, Switch India continues to do well. For a nine-month period, Switch India sold 850 buses and about 1,200 ELCVs, with positive EBITDA and positive PAT. Current order book stands at 1,350 units. Recently, Switch delivered over 240 buses for deployment in the national capital. Switch has now also started exports, with the first batch of vehicles supplied to Mauritius and one order of 45 buses obtained from Bhutan. Switch India is progressing well on its target of becoming free cash flow positive by FY 2027. OHM, our eMaaS subsidiary, is now operating more than 1,400 electric buses, adding more than 300 buses to the operating fleet in Q3. All the GCC projects under execution by OHM are at healthy double-digit IRR. Hinduja Leyland Finance standalone AUM was at INR 56,470 crore, higher 18% YoY, and Hinduja Housing Finance AUM was at INR 15,454 crore, higher 16% YoY. Total PAT for the finance subsidiaries for quarter three was at INR 220 crore. Reverse merger of HLF with NDL Ventures had some initial delays, but now, with all the necessary approvals in place, the process is being followed for a final closure. We remain focused on our ESG commitments. Our Dow Jones Sustainability Index's ESG score has improved significantly, and we are now in global top 2% of the IEQ, which is Industrial Engineering and Electrical Equipment Companies. In our commitment towards RE100, we achieved 80% RE status against 69% in FY 2025, with our Tamil Nadu plants now at 94%. Our Road to School and Road to Livelihood programs continue to grow, extending their reach to about 6.1 lakh students now. In summary, we believe we have progressed reasonably well in the nine-month period on all our focus areas, which are MHCV and LCV market share, growth of non-CV and IO businesses, product innovation, service reach, profitability, and sustainability. We believe that current environment is extremely conducive to CV volume growth, with favorable macros, pro-growth FY 2027 union budget, just-concluded India-EU FTA, and resolution of the India-U.S. tariff deadlock. On the back of these, we remain confident of posting good volume growth in the coming quarters. Thank you once again for your continued trust in Ashok Leyland. I now hand it over to the moderator for Q&A. Thank you very much. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. Anyone who wishes to ask a question may press star and one on the touch-tone telephone. If you wish to remove yourself from the question queue, you may press star and two. Participants are requested to use handsets while asking a question. Ladies and gentlemen, we'll wait for a moment while the question queue assembles. The first question is from the line of Gunjan Prithyani from Bank of America. Please go ahead. Yeah. Hi. Thanks for taking my questions. My first question is on the industry growth outlook. I think you did sound pretty confident and positive on the growth outlook. Can you just share more insights on how should we think about the sustainable growth getting into fiscal 2027? I mean, I'm sure there is an element of bunching up that's happening post-GST. And maybe just a little bit more elaboration on the point that you made that we are seeing replacement demand come through to the industry, both from small as well as the bulk buyers. Is it that we're starting to see the larger set of truck operators also come back to the market after the GST? This whole clarity has settled in as to which rate they will go forward with. Yeah, just some thoughts around that. Yeah, Gunjan, thank you very much for the question. When GST was announced, the first movers in the industry were actually the retail buyers, not the bulk buyers. As you rightly said, bulk buyers have a little bit of a more complex equation to understand because of the GST reduction. And therefore, in November and December, largely, we saw the growth coming from retail buyers more than bulk buyers. Now, in January, we have seen that even many bulk buyers are now coming forward, and they are not just buying for their current needs, but also they are even projecting their purchasing for the next many quarters, like three or four quarters. So we think that that sentiment is very strong right now. People are seeing the value. We are seeing that freight demand is going up. So it's not just about the lowering of the prices because of the tax cut. It's also because of the growth in the consumption economy and more freight demand. We are also actually seeing a slight increase in the freight rates also. So it's a very kind of a unique situation when both the demand and the rates are going up in the market, which is building up quite a positive sentiment. Even initially, we were a little bit also apprehensive whether the bulk buyers would move forward because of all the complications relating to the ITCs and the cash flows, etc. But now, in January, we are much more optimistic about the future prospects, having seen the bulk buyers also moving out and actually projecting their demand for next many months now. So we are, at this point in time, very confident that this could be the start of a new replacement cycle in the CV industry. We had always been talking about the aging fleet and how the average age has gone up from 7-7.5 to 10-10.5. We were just hoping and waiting for a trigger that could provide the replacement cycle to kick in. We do think this could be the trigger. Okay. That's actually quite encouraging to hear. Maybe just a quick follow-up on that. Given that we didn't really see a sharp volatility in the cycle this time around, I mean, on the way down also, it wasn't a steep down. Hence, the question that how do we think about the growth for the next year or two years? Should we sort of also assume the upcycle will be modest? At least the recent numbers don't say that it's modest. So I'm just trying to get a sense that is this a number that we extrapolate or we temper down going into a fiscal 2027 given the downcycle wasn't that steep? Yeah, Gunjan, you have to just consider this in two different ways. I mean, one is this year also, we are saying specifically for the automotive industry that it's a year of two halves, April to October, first seven months, and the balance five. Right now, next year, also, we have to just keep in mind that April to October, which was a low base from last year, we should see really phenomenal growth, although I don't have numbers to give you right now exactly. Maybe that we can come up with during the end of the fiscal. But in the second half, which is basically November, December, last five months, there would be a high base also, right? But overall, we still believe that the industry is going to stay strong next year. Balaji, you have something to add? Yeah. Actually, Gunjan, when you are talking about the past thing, no, I mean, though it appeared to be stable, still, there was a huge movement which was happening between truck and bus. Truck, we all know there was a shortfall. There was a lull for two, three years. It was about 320,000, and in last year, it came down to 313,000. There was a fall, but it was more than compensated by the surge in the volume on the bus side. Bus side went up, and then it contributed. So there was increase on one side and decrease on the other side. So I mean, we didn't realize the fluctuation. Got it. Balaji, since I have you on the commodity side, can you just sort of share what was the headwind we saw in this quarter? How do we think about the metal inflation that we are seeing, particularly on the precious metal side? I mean, what was the impact in quarter three? What do we see in quarter four? And what sort of pricing action we have taken to sort of mitigate that? Yeah. Actually, Q3, we saw an increase in PGM, copper, and aluminum. This, actually, Shenu touched on in his opening remarks. We saw that although steel price was benign and there was not much of a movement on the steel price, but all these contributed to a sizable increase. Adding to this was the change in the mix. For us, we all know the truck revenue went from about 50%-55% overall. This also added to this drop in the gross profit. You would have seen the ASP going up, but these factors contributed to the drop in the gross profit. So having, I mean, looked at the gross profit, we'll come back to the metal cost side. So we see this kind of trend, I mean, is happening. We have started increasing the recovery from the customer, not by way of an increase in the price, by way of increasing in the price circular, etc., but by way of reduction in the discounts, which we have started doing. We'll have to wait and see as to how this is going to unfold in the coming two months. We have been successful in getting some price increase in January. Can you quantify the commodity impact what reflected in Q3 and maybe if any calculations you have for quarter four? It was roughly 50 basis points, Gunjan. On the Q3, we suffered 50 basis points because of this increase. We are trying to recover it from the customer by way of increase in the prices by about more than 60 basis points, including the margins. So yeah, there is. Okay. Thank you so much. Yeah, just to add to that, there is a little bit of a challenge that we are facing. We have been facing for the last three months or so. Even like Balaji said, the mix is also a little bit unfavorable in quarter three, and largely because of, like I said, the initial momentum from the industry after GST was from the retail side. And there are more retail participation in the ICV and the LCV side of the industry than in the heavy-duty side, right? And therefore, when that growth started appearing, the ICV really went up as a contribution to the overall sale, not just for us, but for the industry as well. Now, since in January, we are saying even the bulk buyers, the heavy-duty truck buyers, the tipper MAV tractor-trailer segment is also coming up with the bulk buyers, then this trend should get neutralized is what we are hoping in the next few months. But yes, these are the two challenges the industry is facing. Just on the price hike also, there was a general notion that since GST has really led to a strong growth in the industry momentum, this may not be the right time to increase the prices, right? But that, I would say, is kind of temporary because if commodity pressure continues to build up, then industry would go or should go for a price hike, like a more bigger price hike in the future. Got it. Thank you so much. Thank you. The next question is from the line of Pramod Kumar from UBS Securities. Please go ahead. Thanks a lot for the opportunity. Can you hear me, sir? Very well, Pramod. Yeah. Thank you. Congrats on good set number. My question is on the profitability side, Shenu. I mean, we understand the volumes are expected to be good, but commodity price is also surging. You heard, for example, the next quarter base is 15, which is already kind of long-term margin guidance what you gave. So how should one think about the margins in this particular period? It could be a bit of a deception because of commodity, which should ideally normalize. But how should one look at margins while building in a mid-single-digit growth for the industry? If you can just help us understand that bit, it will be very useful. Yeah. Like I said, there are three elements of it. I mean, basically, overall at the margin level, profitability level, one is the price. The other is a mix. And the third is a commodity, right? And of course, the fourth element is what we can do internally to further strengthen our efforts on the cost savings. So all these four will play. Pricing, I already said that there was a notion that we should not increase the prices so soon after the announcement of the GST cuts. And therefore, most of the players, I think, even in the larger automotive industry, avoided any significant price hikes. But this does not mean that that ability to take a better price is not there. I think with the rise in demand and the rise in freight rates and on the back of the new products that we have just launched, I think there is a lot of scope of getting better prices from the customer. So I would say it is a temporary concern, but it is nothing fundamental in nature. The second is, like I said, mix. So initially, November, December, there was a huge surge in the ICV contribution in the overall truck industry. I mean, I mean, it reached close to 30% if I remember correctly. And it always used to be 22%-24%. So there was a big shift there. And I've already explained the reason of it. This is also nothing which is fundamental in nature. It's not like something has happened in the last three months that ICV would be at 30% going forward. Going forward, it has to come down to 23%-24%. Now, whether it takes one month or two months, three months, hard to say. It really depends on the mix of the retail and the bulk trend that happens. But it shouldn't take that long to get back to a favorable mix. And the third is commodity. I mean, commodity is not so much in our control. But like I said, there are possibilities to hedge it off with better price increases in the future. And also, we are, I mean, definitely strengthening our own efforts to get to higher cost savings, not just material cost, but all other costs. And whenever you launch a new set of products, the opportunity to save cost, once again, a new opportunity emerges because whenever you design something for the first time, you sometimes tend to overdesign it. With some experience in the field, then you have another opportunity of value engineering, etc. We are looking at all of those things, and we will try to see how we manage this temporary situation in a better way. Yeah. Second set of questions for Balaji. First is on the steel side. How are the contracts normally kind of structured, the duration and the pricing? And also, the second bit is on the staff cost. We see sequentially the staff cost came down, which normally shouldn't be the case given that production has gone higher and there's generally inflation in salaries. So we can just throw some light on these two points, Balaji. Thank you. First question, and I didn't get your first question. Steel contracts. Steel contracts, actually, they are all half-yearly contracts, which is done. What happens is that whenever the markets, the spot rate changes and the market changes, then either the purchaser or the seller, they approach the other party for the reduction or the increase, as the case may be. But these are all half-yearly contracts. On the staff cost side, I think we had to tone down our variable performance pay with reference to the overall full-year targets and achievements. That's why, I mean, there is no one-off involved in it, but we had to do this in line with the overall full-year targets for the company. Can you quantify that if you don't mind? Quantification will be approximately INR 20 crores, which would have got reduced. Okay. But so the 4Q should normalize to revert back to a normalized number. It's not a big number in this way. Yes. Yes. Thanks a lot. Thank you. Thank you. Wish all the best. Thank you. As I said, I need to confirm that there is no one-off involved in it. Again, for everybody's benefit, I would like to confirm that there is no one-off except for this wage code amount of INR 308 crore. The component of that which pertains to 3Q has already been accounted for 3Q results. There would be a normal bump-up in your 3Q because of wage code as well, right? Yes. Yes. Yeah. Yeah. Thank you. Thank you. I'll fall back into this. Thank you. The next question is from the line of Mukesh Saraf from Avendus Spark. Please go ahead. Yes. So good evening, and thank you for the opportunity. My first question is, again, on the outlook and the CV cycle. What we've seen so far is we've kind of seen a growth in the ICVs and the slightly lower tonnage vehicles, but not so much in the higher tonnage vehicles. Typically, at the start of the cycle, probably we see a higher growth in the larger tonnage vehicles, but we haven't seen it so far. So if you could kind of help us understand this in terms of beginning of the upcycle, but the mix isn't kind of still seeing that improvement, it will kind of help. Yeah. Mukesh, like I just explained, in November and December, we saw a higher uptake from the retail segment. But in January, now we are seeing a much better traction coming from bulk buying also. And normally, bulk buying is more towards the heavy duty, and the retail buying is a little bit more scooted towards the low and the middle segments, right? So like I said, this should correct itself. And other than, I mean, just the GST effect, I think the kind of momentum we are seeing on the infrastructure side, construction side, is also going to play quite a lot in the next few months until the monsoon arrives. And that will definitely give a lot of filip to the heavy-duty segments of tippers and multi-axles. So we are not overly worried. I really think it is a temporary effect just mainly from November, December, partially in January. It should subside because, like I said, there is no fundamental change in the market dynamics, whether it is ICV or heavy duty. It is just the instant reaction came faster from the retail segment than the bulk buyers. Got it. I also need to correct your impression, Mukesh, on even the MAV segment has registered a growth for Q3 compared to the same period last year. There has been a growth of 34%. Okay? It is not only the ICV which has grown. Even the higher tonnage segment side like the tipper and the MAV, it has grown, Mukesh. Especially MAV growing also tells you that because MAV is also a very high content or a high contribution of the retail segment, that clarifies the point that wherever the retail segment was higher, those two segments, they generally kind of showed an early jump, not to say that the rest of the segments would not follow up. Got it. Got it. And secondly, slightly on a longer term, we're seeing the notification is out that next year, we'll have the ADAS equipment kind of getting mandatory in trucks, buses. And in general, we're seeing over the years a lot more regulations coming into place, be it emissions, be it driver comfort, or obviously road safety. I mean, do you see this kind of leading to an increase in the price of vehicles, say, over the next three, four years? And how is the logistics industry, the transporters in general, how have they evolved? Are they kind of in the situation to pay more for the vehicles? How do you see this, and how are we prepared for these more and more regulations to kind of come in? Yeah. Mukesh, so I mean, I mean, we have I mean, some of us who follow the CV industry for a long time have a lot of ideas about how this industry operates. But I think if you recall, the last big regulation that was there was on the air conditioning of the trucks, right? And we were all quite worried that whether the industry will be able to absorb this cost or there will be a reduction in the growth levels, etc. But I mean, the industry has so much welcomed this whole idea that the industry itself, we believe, has changed a lot, actually, in the last few years. Because of the shortage of the driver, because of other factors, people are giving a lot more importance on things like comfort, safety, and things like this. And AC was a brilliant example of this. I do think that even with ADAS, which is largely safety-oriented regulation, you would see that people will see value in it when their accidents can be reduced, when their collisions can be avoided, when there would be lesser fatalities, lesser damage to the goods that they are carrying. So it takes a little bit of time, some time, in adapting to these new technologies or practices. But I think the whole industry dynamics have really changed in our country. People are putting a lot more, I mean, mileage, reliability, etc., is important and will continue to be important, right? But comfort and safety and other things are also playing a big role now. Got it. Got it. Quarter-on-quarter also, Mukesh, quarter-on-quarter also, there has been a good growth on the tipper segment sequentially. Right. Right. Right. There has been a huge growth on the tippers. Similarly, there has been a huge growth on multi-axle vehicle and ICVs in parallel. Similarly, the growth in haulage and tractor has been quite uniform. If you look at sequentially, that is how now all these have contributed to a good surge on the margin. Of course, that is partially offset by these commodity cost movements, which has resulted in a 50-60 basis points improvement sequentially in the margin. Got it. So got it. Thank you. Thank you so much for this clarification. I'll get back into this. Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, in order to ensure that the management is able to address questions from all participants in the conference, please limit your questions to two per participant. The next question is from the line of Raghunandan N.L. from Nuvama Research. Please go ahead. Good evening, sir. Thank you. And congratulations on strong results. Sir, firstly, on the fleet age, it was at a historical high of 10 years. Given that there is better freight availability, better infrastructure spending, and there is a very big advantage of using the newer trucks due to better uptime and remote diagnostics, how do you see this blended age moving over the next two, three years? Do you think it would come down and replacement demand will be a big factor in sustaining the cycle? Yeah. Thank you, Raghu, first of all, for your kind words. And yeah, I mean, you are right. I mean, there is only one way this whole aging can move, which is to go back to the normal because, I mean, 10 years, 10.5 years is really not sustainable for our industry. Therefore, if GST and other macroeconomic factors are going to or have already triggered a replacement cycle, I think we'll have very good times in the future for this industry. Also, I think other than this, also, there is a lot of consideration going on, especially for some of the metro cities, etc., from the government to look at scrapping once again because pollution has really become a big problem for the whole country, specifically for the larger cities. And so some of these policies, I think if they come in, then they can provide really additional triggers to our market. I mean, I don't know, but I mean, for this age to go back down to even 8 years from 10.5 right now would take a few years, right? So until then, there is actually a potential demand in the market that we can see. Now, how it will dovetail into numbers is, of course, we have to watch. Thank you, sir. Can you also speak about your efforts and potential that you see in the non-South markets, how you can further gain market share, how you can replicate the success which you have had historically in the South market? Actually, Raghu, I mean, thanks for asking that because that has been one of our big focus areas. We have done substantially well, I mean, in terms of increasing our penetration in Northeast and center. I mean, until about three or four years ago, I remember our market share in north used to be like 15%. Now we are sitting more than 25% with an average market share of 31% overall in India. So we are now, I mean, no longer that regional company or a zonal company. We are actually now a national brand in that respect. I think other than east, where we have to do a little bit of more work, I think we have become very strong in west, east, west, center, and north. I mean, there is still some headroom. I agree with you. There is still some headroom because 25% is probably not what we want. But we are addressing those challenges. For example, now we have tied up with TVS Group for our distribution in the NCR area. Now, they are coming up with 13 outlets, which will give us a huge representation. And TVS is known for their excellent after-sales service, their professionalism in dealerships. They have been our partner in south for five or six decades. So that relationship is there. That understanding of the market is there. The reputation of the name is there. So I think by taking such steps, I would say that we should be equally strong, or at least we should have 30% market share in the zones where we were at some point in time, like 15%-18%. And that should happen very soon. Most of the actions we have taken already. A few actions are left, which will be completed in the next few quarters. Thank you very much, sir. Lastly, on Hinduja Leyland Finance- Sorry to interrupt, Mr. Raghu. May we request you return to the question queue for a follow-up question? Sure. Thank you so much. Thank you. The next question is from the line of Kapil Singh from Nomura. Please go ahead. Yeah. Good evening, sir. Congratulations on the strong performance. Very tight cost control within there. My first question is on capacities. How are you placed on capacities for MHCVs and LCVs? Do you need to trigger CapEx to enhance capacities? Now, there is potential for upcycle. And you can mention both from Ashok Leyland capacity and also from a vendor capacity point of view. How are things placed? Will you be able to service demand, or is there some supply challenge that is coming up? Yeah. Kapil, excellent question, actually, in the circumstances because you guys and we were both surprised by this very, very strong momentum that has shaped up in the last three months. But at this point in time, we do not have an overall constraint on the capacity side. Even with a strong positive forecast, if we undertake or assume for the next year, FY 2027, we should be more or less fine in terms of the overall capacity in any which segment that we operate in. There would be some challenges in some smaller niche areas. For example, there could be a challenge with one particular machining setup, or there could be a challenge with one particular supplier where we may have to, the supplier may have to invest, or we may have to invest in another set of tooling, or we may have to ask the supplier to set up another shop for us. So those kind of things would be there. The CapEx requirement would not be humongous there, but it would be bits and pieces like we have been doing in the past. There may be one or two areas where we may have to invest, let us say, INR 50 crores-INR 100 crores kind of amount, but those would be limited to only one or two areas. I think, like we have been telling you, that we don't see any major investment in capacity expansion in the next 2-3 years. Can you tell us what is your capacity in MHCV and LCVs currently? Kapil, we'll not be able to disclose the capacities, Kapil. Okay. Just to- Sorry to interrupt, Mr. Kapil. May we request you return to the question queue for a follow-up question? Sure. Thank you. The next question is from the line of Amyn Pirani from J.P. Morgan. Please go ahead. Mr. Pirani, your line has been unmuted. Please go ahead with your question. Am I audible? Yes, Amyn. Yes. Hi. Hi. Thanks for the question. Most of the questions have been answered, but there was this news today regarding OHM, and I don't know if you can comment on newsflow as of now. But just for our understanding, since the newsflow talks about some kind of evaluation, can you give us a sense as to what are the kind of investments that OHM may require, what you have already thought about, and what are some financial metrics if you can share, like revenue or that for the business, and what kind of investments you have already thought about which may be required in the next couple of years? Yeah. Thank you for that question. I mean, we are very focused on building this whole business model around eMaaS, not just for buses but also for trucks at some point in time. We think our whole industry is going to shift to newer business models in the future. Therefore, we have really created this entity to take care of those opportunities. As far as the investment is concerned, we have already invested INR 300 crore in OHM. We have also earmarked another INR 300 crore for OHM as and when needed. Like we have, I think, told you before, beyond this INR 600 crore, we would be open to looking at other fundraising options. Yeah. I mean, that is where we are. We have been maintaining that some of these GCC contracts that are being won by some of the players in the market are really not viable. We have our certain minimum thresholds as far as these GCC contracts are concerned. If we find that we can play a role in contributing to this kind of industry with certain minimum threshold margins, we do go and get these contracts. But otherwise, we don't, right? So it really depends on how this opportunity will emerge for us. But like I said, as far as investment is concerned, INR 600 crore we have earmarked, of which INR 300 crore we have already put in. And beyond that, we will look at certain fundraising from external sources. For the year- to- date, that is still Q3. Shenu has already covered this in his opening statement. Our investment is at INR 16 crore, INR 16 crore only. And when we look at the requirement of the group companies, including OHM and the other group companies like the Hinduja Leyland Finance and the Hinduja Housing Finance, and then we may decide on the requirement capital infusion in those companies. Similarly, we will also look at the possibility of repayment of some of the loans which have been acquired by the Optare outside India. So we will also look at that. So it all depends on the requirement as well as the cash situation. And you would have also noted the cash position as of 31st December, which is at INR 2,600 crore positive. Thanks. Thanks. That's very helpful. I'll come back in the queue. Thank you. The next question is from the line of Chandramouli Muthiah from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead. Hi. Good evening, and thank you for taking my questions. My first question is just around the non-truck business mix. So I think over the past 3-6 months, we've seen meaningful pickup in the truck business, which has added to profitability and growth for the broader business. But just trying to understand, you did mention in the prior remarks that you have won some defense orders. So in this faster growth period for trucks, I just want to understand if you think the non-truck business components can also grow equally as fast and maintain that mix in the way you sort of plan for your margins over the next 12 months? It is happening, Chandramouli. First of all, thanks for your question. It is happening. See, if you look at the truck portion of the overall revenue, when you compare it to the same period last year, it is around 55%. Current year also 55%, last year 55%. But if you look at the proportion of the businesses like IO, which was around 6%, now it has grown to 8%. So I mean, it is happening. These kind of shift, though, it is happening, but in select pockets, it's happening. That's why you are seeing the margin going up when you compare it to the same quarter of the last year from 12.8%-13.3%. It is all because of the efficient management of the mix also, the business-wise revenue mix also. Yeah. Like I said, even with a strong growth in the truck segment, our power solutions business was 45% up in Q3 YoY, and our defense business is 84% up YoY, right? So I mean, while I agree that truck is going through a strong momentum, but the other businesses are even stronger right now. Exactly, Shenu. From 1%, defense share of revenue has gone to 1.5%. Power solution business, the share has gone from 3% to 3.5%-3.6%. Got it. That's very helpful. My second question is just around the dedicated freight corridor, northwest corridor extension to Jawaharlal Nehru Port. So I think that was earlier planned to be sort of a March quarter event. Now, it looks like it's getting pushed out. So I just want to understand. You mentioned that this could be a year of two halves where April to October is a very favorable base and strong momentum post-GST, and we'll have to see maybe what happens after that. So the latest on the dedicated freight corridor, from the way you are observing it, is this likely to happen in CY 2026 on the JNPT extension? And how do you think about that event, and what are the potential options available to Ashok in terms of offsetting whatever impact that could be from that? See, the deadline for the completion of the last leg of 100 km of this Western Dedicated Freight Corridor has been extended multiple times. We would wait for the actual commencement of the operations. However, this WDFC is operational by about 95%. It is complete and has been operational for more than a year. With respect to its impact on this TIV, we have said this earlier also that DFC do not address the full connectivity in the sense that the last-mile connectivity is not there. Though it could have some impact on the specific, maybe on the tractor-trailer volumes post-commencement of the full operations, there will be positive impact on the volumes of ICVs and the LCVs required for the last-mile connectivity. Having said that, we expect the impact to be very, very minimal. Even on the tractor-trailer side, it will be very minimal over the next 2-3 years. Got it. That's very helpful. Thank you very much, and all the best. Thank you. The next question is from the line of Pramod Amthe from InCred. Please go ahead. Yeah. Hi. Thanks for taking my question. We want to check your product profile concerning the start of a new upcycle, as you are indicating. Do you need to take into account any product gaps you want to address or the type of demand which is coming up you need to advance new product launches as compared to an earlier plan? Yeah. We are taking some actions. I mean, irrespective of the current situation, we are taking some actions as to how we can increase the agility of our new product development process. We are actually working on—we have actually institutionalized a digital tool now to track daily activities, etc., which actually creates a lot of collaboration within the company on new product development activities, which we think will bring a lot of transparency, a lot of visibility, a lot of ownership, and a lot of priority also in terms of which projects we want to speed up and which projects we may want to kind of pause on or run at a slower speed. So those actions are in place. But like I said, our overall product development pipeline is very, very strong. You would see a big launch we have done now with HIPPO and TAURUS. Also, we have come up with this 4.1-ton Bada Dost with the best-in-class payload. You will see many such launches happening in the future, even in this calendar year. Also, our overall product roadmap is quite clear, product and technology roadmap. So what we want to do, how do we want to address our white spaces in the LCV segment, how do we want to increase our LCV coverage from 50%-80%? So all those actions are already being undertaken. Thanks for that answer. The second one is with regard to subsidy investments. They seem to be pretty low compared to your own guidance or historical trends. Are the subsidies performing better, and hence, their ask rate is low, or you feel last quarter you need to finish off them? No, no. Actually, Pramod, the subsidiaries are doing fine. I mean, many of the subsidiaries are doing fine. And you know that we have also, I mean, got out of this assembly facility from the Switch UK last year, which was the main cash guzzler. So the rest of the companies are all doing fine. And if they require capital infusion, we'll do it as and when it is required. As I indicated to you, there could be some requirement of the capital on OHM, which Shenu touched upon, INR 300 + another INR 300 we have not yet released. We'll look for the requirement, and then we'll release. In our expectation, we may release about INR 100 crores-INR 150 crores on the OHM front. On the requirement for this Hinduja Leyland Finance as well as this Hinduja Housing Finance, we will appropriately decide depending on the requirement because those businesses are also growing significantly. You would have noticed the AUM growth significantly, around 20% or so. So we would like to invest there also. And of course, the third one, as I told you, there are certain unfinished loans which are there outside India where we would like to finish off those loans also, especially relating to the Switch UK. We'll do that also, which we disclosed in the earlier conference call. So that is all we'll do, Pramod. No surprises. Yeah. No surprises. We have already earmarked this money for the reasons that Balaji just described. So they will happen in the right time when needed. But I would say most of the subsidiaries are doing well. I don't foresee any huge investments or significant investments for loss funding now, having dealt with Switch UK already. So yeah. So mostly, whatever funding happens, other than that Switch UK loan, would be for the growth of these subsidiaries. Sure. Thanks. All the best. The Switch UK loan, we carry, and we can pay in a bullet installment after three years. That is, in FY 2029, we can repay. But we would also be looking at a plan of repaying it in installments also, in two or three installments also. Sure. Thanks. Thank you. The next question is from the line of Rishi Vora from Kotak Securities. Please go ahead. Yeah. Hi. Thank you, and congratulations on a good set of numbers. If I just look at the previous upcycles, right, of 2015, 2016, 2020 to 2023, at least at that time, the tonnage growth had outpaced the volume growth for the industry. If I look at the third quarter of FY 2026, again, it's too little data, but at least it seems like the tonnage growth has actually underperformed the volume growth. This time around, do you expect that the upcycle would be a little different from what we had seen, at least in terms of quality of growth, or do you expect it to kind of converge, and then the tonnage growth outpaces over the coming quarters? No. So Rishi, I mean, it's a very nice question. But listen, this tonnage growth would continue to happen at a regular pace, but that pace would not be very, very strong, right? But also, you should keep one thing in mind because probably it has not happened so far. I don't think it doesn't mean that it will not happen in the future. That lower and middle-level segments would also have a very solid long-term potential because of the last-mile delivery, because of the e-commerce, etc. Those really have a long-term potential. So I think tonnage will keep going up and down as the various sectors perform. But the key fact that we are looking at right now is this replacement cycle. Is this a fresh replacement cycle that has kicked in, or is this just a short-term fillip from the GST? Now, three months have already gone. From February also, we are seeing very strong momentum on the ground, right, I mean, in terms of leads and inquiries and the cases that are logged in with the banks and NBFCs, etc. So now, it seems like after 3.5-4 months, it seems it is something that is going to sustain for a longer period. Understood. My second question is just on this average age, right, which is roughly about 10 years. Now, with better quality of roads, better quality of vehicles, is it necessary that the average age of the vehicles need to come down, or this is like a new norm, 9-10 years for the industry where the fleet operators are okay with this kind of age? Again, great question. I mean, average is always sometimes, and most of the times, can be very misleading. I think what we should look at is how many vehicles we have now as compared to in the past that are more than 15 years, that are more than 12 years. Also, we should look at how many vehicles we have now which are still on BS2, BS3, BS4 regime. That is a better data point to look at to see whether this is sustainable or not. So when you look into those details and I think Balaji has shared those numbers with you in the past also. If you want those numbers, we have those ready. We can share these with you separately. But when you look at those numbers, I think you will realize that this has to change. Understood. Thank you, sir, and all the best. Thank you. The next question is from the line of Prashant Kothari from Pictet. Please go ahead. Yes, sir. Just one question from me. On the financing business, I see from segmental results that the profits are down year-on-year basis. Can you just comment on what is happening there, please? Pardon. We are not able to clearly hear you, Prashant. Hi. Is it any better? Yeah. Now, it is better. Okay. I just wanted to understand on the financing business. I see that the segmental results, the profits are down on a year-on-year basis. Can you just explain what is happening there, please? As such, yeah. Just give us a minute. He's just picking up some data. Sure. Just gone up, I think. If you want. Actually, it has gone up, Prashant. When you look at the same quarter, third quarter versus third quarter of last year, the profits have gone up. HLF, it has gone up from about INR 107 crores-INR 108 crores to INR 130 crores. I'm sorry. I'm looking at segmental results, financial services. Last year, same quarter was INR 231 crores, and this year is INR 215 crores. I will clarify. I clarify. I mean, I don't know. I mean, which segment you are looking at. I will take that question separately, and then I'll clarify it to you. But as such, there has only been an increase. All right. And do you disclose that somewhere else, or is it just with your MIS? No, no. It will be as part of the financials. I will just take your question. I mean, where from you have taken that number, I will understand. Then I will respond to that. All right. Okay. Thank you. Okay. Thanks. Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, due to time constraints, that was the last question for the day. I now hand the conference over to the management for closing comments. Thank you. Thank you, ladies and gentlemen, once again, for your time, for this call, and also your trust in Ashok Leyland. We are, as an industry, going through a lot of positive momentum, although we are also trying to navigate some challenges. But we hope that we will have a good quarter and a good year to close with. Thank you very much. Thank you. On behalf of ICICI Securities Limited, that concludes this conference. Thank you for joining us, and you may now disconnect your lines.