Ladies and gentlemen, good day, and welcome to the Larsen & Toubro Limited Q4 FY24 earnings conference call. As a reminder, all participant lines will be in the listen-only mode, and there will be an opportunity for you to ask questions after the presentation concludes. Should you need assistance during the call, please signal an operator by pressing star then zero on your touchtone phone. Please note that this conference is being recorded. I now hand the conference over to Mr. P. Ramakrishnan, Head, Investor Relations from Larsen & Toubro Limited. Thank you, and over to you, sir. Thank you, Rayo. Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. A very warm welcome to all of you into the Q4 FY 2024 earnings call of Larsen & Toubro Limited. We also have with us on the call today Mr. R. Shankar Raman, Full-time Director, President, and Chief Financial Officer of the company. The earnings presentation was uploaded on the stock exchange and on our website at around 6:40 P.M. I hope you had a chance to have a quick look at the numbers. As per practice, instead of going through the entire presentation, I will first walk you through the important milestones and achievements for the year, followed by our progress in our strategic plan that ends in FY 2026, a synopsis of our financial performance for the quarter Q4 and FY 2024, and finally, the guidance for FY 2025 in the next 30 minutes or so, post which, we will take the Q&A. Before I begin the overview, the customary disclaimer from our side: The presentation which we have uploaded on the stock exchange and our website today, including the discussions we will have on the call, may contain certain forward-looking statements concerning L&T Group's business prospects and profitability, which are subject to several risks and uncertainties, and the actual results could materially differ from those in such forward-looking statements. I would request you to go through the detailed disclaimer, which is available in slide two of our earnings presentation that we have uploaded. Despite the global headwinds, the Indian economy continues to present a picture of resilience and momentum. The investment activity remains healthy on the back of continuing public CapEx and a selective recovery in private CapEx. Urban consumption spends has remained strong, whereas rural consumption is showing signs of recovery. The bouyancy reflected in the various high-frequency economic indicators only reconfirms the country's growth momentum. The fundamentals of the Indian economy remain solid, and with healthier corporate and bank balance sheets, fiscal consolidation, of course, external balances remaining imminently manageable, and forex reserves providing cushion against external shocks. The near-term monitorable in India revolves around the election outcome, as well as the onset and progress of the southwest monsoon and its consequent impact on agriculture output for the year. First, let me share a few important milestones and achievements for the year. We are happy to report, for the first time ever, our group order inflows for the year has crossed INR 3 trillion on the back of CapEx tailwinds in the primary geographies that we operate for the projects and manufacturing portfolio, that is India and GCC. Secondly, during the year, we completed some landmark and prestigious projects, like India's longest sea bridge, named the Atal Setu, connecting the city of Mumbai with its satellite city, Navi Mumbai. India's first Coastal Road with an underground tunnel in the city of Mumbai. The Sri Rama Janmabhoomi Mandir in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh. The Adi Shankaracharya statue, called the Statue of Oneness, in Omkareshwar, Madhya Pradesh. India's first 3D-printed office in Bangalore. All of this, finally, we are very proud to have played a critical role in India's moon mission, the Chandrayaan-3 mission, as well. Our hydrocarbon business did exceptionally well and registered the highest-ever order inflows during the year. The defense engineering business has now been renamed as L&T Precision Engineering & Systems, with effect from first April 2024. This is in line with the vision to pursue opportunities in emerging deep technology sectors like precision manufacturing and electronic systems in defense, aerospace, and other industries. Further, during the year, the business also secured a major contract for supply of high-power radars to the Indian Air Force. Some important developments in the green energy portfolio L&T's are successful manufacture of our first alkaline electrolyzer of 1 MW in our Hazira campus on December 13th, 2023. L&T Electrolysers Limited was also granted a maximum subsidy of INR 444 crore for 300 MW under the Tranche I of the PLI scheme for electrolyzer manufacturing, launched by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. Further, L&T Energy Green Tech Limited is also exploring options to acquire land in Gujarat and Odisha for manufacture of green hydrogen and its derivatives. During the year of FY 2023-24, L&T forayed into fabless semiconductor chip design by incorporating a 100% subsidiary by the name of L&T Semiconductor Technologies Limited. This was done in November 2023. This company will be primarily engaged in the business of fabless semiconductor chip design and product ownership. On data centers, the pilot Panvel Data Center in the Navi Mumbai region has gone live with a capacity of 1.4 MW. Secondly, in Kanchipuram, near Chennai, the data center project is being constructed in two phases of 12 MW and 18 MW. Going forward, the company remains committed to investing in setting up modern and state-of-the-art data centers in the Bombay, Chennai and Bangalore regions. In the financial services business, the merger between L&T Finance Holdings and its subsidiaries, L&T Finance Limited, L&T Infrastructure Credit Limited, and L&T Mutual Fund Trustee, was concluded during the year. This merger leads to creation of a simplified lending entity and will create internal synergies, superior governance, and unlock avenues for growth. Further, L&T Finance Holdings Limited has been renamed as L&T Finance Limited. As on March 31, 2024, the financial services business has achieved 94% retailization of its overall loan book. In Hyderabad Metro, the monetization of the Raidurg commercial property was concluded in Q2 of FY 2024. The sale consideration of INR 1,045 crore and a gain of INR 512 crore has been booked during the year. As of March 31, 2024, the metro has received cumulative financial support of INR 900 crore from the Government of Telangana. The company, on April 10, 2024, has concluded the sale of its 51% stake in L&T Infrastructure Development Projects Limited, L&T IDPL, to an infrastructure fund managed by Edelweiss Alternative Asset Advisors Limited. In the realty development business, three new residential projects have been launched during the year, namely the L&T Avinya Enclave in Chennai, the L&T Gateway Sewri in Mumbai, and L&T Island Cove at Mahim. Finally, as all of you know, we successfully completed our first-ever share buyback during the year. Now, let me move on to our progress in the current strategic plan, which ends on FY 2026. As all of you know, the current strat plan is a five-year roadmap for us, commencing from the financial FY 2022 and ending in FY 2026. We have already completed three years in the current plan. For the benefit of all our stakeholders, we have added a slide on our strategic plan progress as part of the earnings presentation. You may kindly go through the same. Very briefly, the targets we had set for ourselves during this 5-year period, ending FY 2026, were as follows: The group order inflows of INR 3.4 trillion in FY 2026, a CAGR of 14% during the 5-year period, a group revenue target of INR 2.7 trillion in FY 2026, a CAGR of 15% during this period, and a group return on equity target of 18%. Like I said, we have completed 3 years in this current strategic plan. During these three years, our group order inflows and revenue have grown at a CAGR of 20% and 18% respectively, while our ROE is 15% as of March 2024. The key achievements during these three years can be summarized as follows. We have achieved ahead of estimate growth in our projects and manufacturing portfolio. Although our margin profile in this portfolio has been softer vis-a-vis our expectations, the same has been more than compensated by the phenomenal improvement in working capital ratios, thereby resulting in superior ROICs. Secondly, the merger of LTI and Mindtree was satisfactorily concluded during this period. Third, we have successfully fast-tracked the retailization strategy in our financial services business. Like I said earlier, the retail lending is almost at 94% of the total book as on March 31, 2024. Next, the investment of L&T IDPL and the hydroelectric assets has been satisfactorily concluded. This is in line with our strategy to reduce our exposure to the concessions portfolio. Also, during this period, we incubated the green energy business, data centers, digital platforms like SuFin and EduTech, and very recently announced our entry into the semiconductor chip design. Finally, we also returned cash to our shareholders by way of a share buyback, in addition to a stepped-up dividend distribution. Two years left in this current strategic plan. Amidst the CapEx tailwinds in India and GCC, we believe that we are on track to achieve our order inflow and revenue target by FY 2026. The ROE improvement trajectory for the next two years will be a combination of multiple factors. Broadly speaking, a combination of improved profitability and asset turns, reduced losses in Hyderabad Metro, and return of cash to shareholders after setting aside funds for existing and newer business, which is always a lever available with us to improve the return on equity. Since we are on this topic of return ratios, I would request all of you to kindly go through the section on our journey of improvement in return ratios over the last five years. The same is covered as part of our earnings presentation. There are three slides in the earnings deck on return ratios. The first slide covers the five-year journey of return ratios in the projects and manufacturing portfolio. The second slide covers the journey of return ratios for various business parts rolling up to the group level, and the third slide is on the improvement in the gross and net working capital ratios at a group level. All these slides are self-explanatory. You may go through the same. I will now cover the various financial performance parameters for Q4 FY 2024. This quarter, Q4 FY 2024, is a quarter of robust performance across the various financial parameters. Our group revenues and recurring PAT for Q4 FY 2024 is up by 15% and 8% respectively, whereas order inflows have declined by 5% over the corresponding quarter of the previous year. Our NWC to revenue at 12% in Q4 FY 2024 registers a sequential improvement of 46 basis points and 410 basis points on a Y-o-Y basis. Moving on to individual performance parameters, our group order inflows for Q4 FY 2024 at INR 721 billion register a Y-o-Y degrowth of 5%. Within that, our projects and manufacturing business portfolio secure order inflows of INR 560 billion for Q4, declining by 8% over the corresponding period of the previous year. Our Q4 current year order inflows in the projects and manufacturing portfolio are mainly from infrastructure, hydrocarbon, and defense, or precision engineering. During the current quarter, our share of international orders in the projects and manufacturing portfolio is at 27%, vis-a-vis 43% in Q4 of the previous year. Further, during the quarter, orders were received across various spectrum of businesses, like the electrification system works for the Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail project in the infrastructure segment, a major onshore project in Middle East, and a couple of large onshore and offshore packages in India as part of the hydrocarbons business, a major contract for supply of high-power radars for the Indian Air Force under precision engineering systems business, a bridge order in Assam, an international metro order in Indonesia, and a hospital order in Oman, again, in the infrastructure segment. Now moving on to the prospects pipeline. As of March 2024 for FY 2024-25, we have an aggregate prospect pipeline of INR 12.1 trillion, as compared to INR 9.7 trillion at the same time last year. This represents an increase of 24% on a year-on-year basis. The increase is largely due to the improvement in the infrastructure and hydrocarbon prospects pipeline. The broad breakup of this overall prospect pipeline of INR 12.1 trillion is as follows: infrastructure share is at INR 7.25 trillion, vis-à-vis INR 6.5 trillion last year. The share of hydrocarbons in the current order prospects pipeline is at INR 3.87 trillion, vis-à-vis INR 2.44 trillion last year. Power, INR 0.5 trillion, almost unchanged like last year. Heavy engineering and precision engineering and systems, INR 0.35 trillion, vis-à-vis INR 0.25 trillion last year. The green energy business, there is a total order prospects of INR 0.10 trillion, vis-à-vis INR 0.04 trillion last year. Moving on to the order book. Our order book is at INR 4.6 trillion as of March 2024, up by 20% vis-a-vis March 2023 last year. As the projects and manufacturing business is largely India-centric, 62% of this order book is domestic and the balance 38% international. Out of the international order book of INR 1.81 trillion, around 92% comes from Middle East and 2% is from Africa from various countries that includes Southeast Asia as well. As is evident, the GCC CapEx for both infra and hydrocarbon is on an upswing, led by energy transition-related investments and, incremental opportunities in the hydrocarbon sector. The breakdown of the domestic order book of INR 2.95 trillion, which I said 62% of the order of overall order book, the composition is as follows: central government, 14%; state government, 28%; public sector corporation or state-owned enterprises, 36%; and private sector, 22%. Approximately around 19% of our total order book of INR 4.676 trillion is funded by bilateral and multilateral funding institutions. Against this order book, 90% of this total order book comprises of infrastructure and energy. You can refer to the presentation slides for the further details. During Q4 FY 2024, we have deleted orders of INR 2 billion from the order book. Further, for the year FY 2024, as a total, the total orders that have got deleted for the full year is INR 57 billion from the order book. As on March 2024, our slow-moving orders is well below 1% of the total order book. Now coming to revenues. The group revenues for Q4 FY 2024, at INR 671 billion, registered a year-over-year growth of 15%. International revenues constituted 44% of revenues during the quarter. The strong execution momentum in infrastructure, precision engineering systems, and realty within the projects and manufacturing portfolio drove the overall group revenues for the quarter. The revenue for projects and manufacturing business for Q4 FY 2024 is INR 510 billion, up by 18% over the corresponding quarter of the previous year. Moving on to EBITDA margin. Our group level EBITDA margin, without other income for Q4 FY 2024, is 10.8%, a drop of 90 basis points over Q4 of the previous year. This drop of 90 basis points is mainly due to higher SG&A costs. The higher SG&A expense in Q4 is reflective of linear expenses attributed to execution ramp-up, higher credit costs in the financial services segment, and a relatively lower FX gain. Further, the previous year had the benefit of consolidation of the full year profits of Nabha that we accrued in Q4. The detailed breakup of EBITDA margin, business-wise, including other income, is given in the annexures to the earnings presentation. You would have noticed that the EBITDA margin in the projects and manufacturing business for Q4 FY 2024 is at 9.6%, vis-à-vis 9.2% in Q4 FY 2023. I will cover the details a little later when I talk about the performance of each of the segment. Our recurring PAT for Q4 FY 2024 is at INR 43 billion, up by 8% over Q4 of last year. This PAT growth is reflective of improved activity levels and lower tax expenses. Our reported PAT for Q4 FY 2024, at INR 44 billion, is up by 10% over the corresponding quarter of the previous year. The exceptional items, that is net of tax, for the quarter includes: a gain on the divestment of stake in L&T Transportation Infrastructure Limited of INR 0.61 billion, and a reversal of impairment on investment in L&T IDPL of INR 0.33 billion. The group performance P&L construct, along with the reasons for major variances under the respective function heads, is provided in the earnings presentation. You may kindly go through the same for further details. Coming, coming to working capital, our NWC to sales ratio has improved from 16.1% in March 2023 to 12% in March 2024, an improvement of 410 basis points. For reference, our NWC to sales ratio was 16.6% in December 2023. Our group level collections, which excludes the financial services business for Q4 FY 2024, is INR 603 billion, vis-à-vis INR 540 billion in Q4 FY 2023, registering an increase of 12% on a Y-on-Y basis. The improvement in gross working capital on the back of improved customer collections is actually flowing into the overall improvement in the NWC to sales ratio. I request you to go through the cash flow statement as part of the annexures to the earnings presentation. Our cash flow from operations for Q4 FY 2024, at INR 162.7 billion, and for FY 2024 full year, at INR 235.8 billion, has registered an increase of 64% and 27% respectively, over the corresponding periods of the previous year. Finally, the trailing twelve-month ROE for Q4 FY 2024 is 14.9%, vis-à-vis 12.2% in the Q4 of the previous year, that is an improvement of around 270 basis points. Improved profitability with every passing quarter, along with return of capital to shareholders in the form of the first-ever buyback, is contributed to this, increase or improvement. Very briefly, I will now comment on the performance of each business segment before we give our final comments on our outlook for FY 2025. First is the infrastructure segment. Coming to order inflows, this segment secured orders of INR 313 billion for Q4 FY 2024, vis-à-vis INR 412 billion in Q4 FY 2023, representing a decline of 24% over the corresponding quarter of the previous year. During the current quarter, the orders were largely received in transportation infra, buildings and factories, and the power transmission, renewable and distribution verticals. Our order prospects pipeline in infrastructure for FY 2025 is around INR 7.25 trillion, vis-à-vis INR 6.51 trillion during the same time last year, representing an increase of 11%. This infra prospects pipeline of INR 7.25 trillion comprises of domestic prospects of INR 5.339 trillion and international prospects of INR 1.86 trillion. The sub-segment breakup of this prospects pipeline in infrastructure segment is as follows: water constitutes 21%; power transmission, renewables, and distribution comprises 21%; transportation infra, 20%; buildings and factories, 14%; heavy civil infra, 17%; and finally, minerals and metals at 7%. The order book of this segment is at INR 3.12 trillion as of March 2024. The book bill for this segment is around 3 years. The Q4 revenues at INR 380 billion registered a strong growth of 22% over the comparable quarter of the previous year, largely aided by a strong execution progress across multiple jobs from the opening order book. Our EBITDA margin in this segment for Q4 FY 2024 is at 7.9%, vis-à-vis 7.5% in the corresponding quarter of the previous year. The margin improvement is primarily explained by targeted jobs crossing the revenue recognition threshold. On a full year basis, though, the margin drop of 80 basis points from 7% in FY 2023 to 6.2% in FY 2024 is largely attributed to time overruns arising out of delayed clearances and logistical constraints in existing jobs, coupled with fast-track completion of legacy jobs, is more than getting compensated by the improved NWC ratio from 18.2% last year to 12.5% in the current year. Moving on to the next segment, which is energy projects, that comprises of hydrocarbon and power. Receipt of multiple domestic and a major international order during the quarter facilitated the hydrocarbon book. We have a strong order prospects pipeline of INR 4.36 trillion, for this segment for FY 2025, comprising of hydrocarbon prospects of INR 3.86 trillion and power prospects of INR 0.5 trillion. The order book for this energy segment is at INR 1.18 trillion as of March 2024, with the hydrocarbon order book at INR 1.13 trillion and power at INR 50 billion. The Q4 FY 2024 revenues at INR 82 billion, registers a growth of 4%, mainly driven by the pickup execution ramp-up in the international projects of the hydrocarbon business. The lower revenues in power segments is reflective of a lower order book. The energy segment margin in Q4 FY 2024 is at 11.4%, vis-à-vis 10.4% in Q4 FY 2023. Hydrocarbon margin in Q4 is aided by job mix, coupled with a favorable claim settlement. The power margins are largely in line with that of the previous year, although the previous year had the benefit of execution cost savings upon a particular closure of a job. We will now move on to the third segment, which is the high-tech manufacturing segment, which comprises of the heavy engineering fabrication business and the precision engineering systems business. The receipt of a major order during the quarter built the order book of the precision engineering systems, whereas heavy engineering business benefited from the receipt of a significant order from a key oil and gas customer in the Middle East. The order book of this segment at INR 320 billion as of March 2024. The order prospects pipeline for this segment in FY 25 is around INR 346 billion. The strong execution momentum drove revenues in the precision engineering and systems business, whereas heavy engineering revenue was impacted due to a lower opening order book, consequent upon certain order deferrals. The margins of this segment reflects the stages of execution of the various jobs. Since we are on this particular segment, I would once again reiterate that the precision engineering systems business does not manufacture any explosives nor ammunition of any kind, including cluster ammunitions or anti-personnel landmines, or nuclear weapons, or components for such munitions. The business also does not customize any delivery systems for such munitions. Moving on to the next segment, that is the IT and technology services, which comprises of two listed entities, LTIMindtree and L&T Technology Services. The revenues for this segment are INR 112 billion in Q4 FY 2024, registers a modest growth of 3%, attributed to the subdued global macro conditions that is impacting IT spend. Despite the ongoing macroeconomic concerns, the deal pipeline for this segment is healthy, with a good visibility across the various subsegments. The margin for this segment is largely in line with that of the previous year. I will not dwell too much on this, as both the companies in this segment are listed entities, and the detailed fact sheets are already available in the public domain. We now move on to financial services segment. Like I said, L&T Finance Holdings has been renamed as L&T Finance Limited. Here again, the detailed results are available in public domain. But to summarize, Q4 of the current year for L&T Finance revolved around strong retail disbursements, which were the highest ever in a quarter, improved profitability and better asset quality. The balance sheet is strong on the back of adequate provision coverage ratios and inbuilt macroprudential buffers. Financial services has achieved 94% of its retailization of its loan book, well ahead of its Lakshya 2026 targets. The retail book growth, asset quality, and the return on asset are all highly satisfactory. The business is building itself on the 5 pillars of growth. That is, enhancing customer acquisition, sharpening credit underwriting, implementing futuristic digital architecture, a higher brand visibility, and finally, capability building. I would like to conclude that there is sufficient capital in the balance sheet to pursue growth in the near and medium term. Moving on to the concessions of the development projects segment. This segment includes the power development business comprising of Nabha Power and Hyderabad Metro. The company, on April tenth, 2024, concluded the sale of its stake in L&T IDPL. Therefore, as on March thirty-first, 2024, the investment in L&T IDPL is classified as held for sale. The majority of revenues in the development project segment are contributed by Nabha Power. The improved ridership facilitated the revenue growth and margin improvement in Hyderabad Metro. Some statistics on the ridership for Hyderabad Metro. The average metro ridership improved from 4.08 lakh passengers a day in Q4 FY 2023, to 4.41 lakh passengers per day in Q4 FY 2024. Our average ridership in Q3 FY 2024 was 4.44 lakh passengers a day. That is slightly lower when it is compared to the current quarter, mainly due to the free bus entitlement to ladies under the new Mahalakshmi scheme of the state government from December 2023 onwards. The Nabha margin in Q4 was largely in line. However, please note the previous Q4 of FY 2023 include the consolidation of the full year FY 2023 profits of Nabha Power. The metro at a P&L level, we consolidated loss of INR 2.11 billion in Q4 FY 2024, vis-a-vis a loss of INR 3.35 billion in Q4 FY 2023. For FY 2024 in metro, we have consolidated loss of INR 5.6 billion, primarily due to the gains on the commercial property monetization, as compared to overall loss of INR 13.21 billion in FY 2023. Moving on to other segment. This segment comprises realty, industrial valves, construction equipment, and mining machinery, that includes rubber processing machinery and some residual part, of the smart world and communication business. The Q4 revenue growth of 27% over the corresponding quarter of the previous year is mainly contributed by the higher handover of residential flats in the realty business. The margin improvement in this segment, again, is primarily contributed by the realty business. Coming to the last part of my presentation, which is the outlook. India's economic growth continues to display resilience despite the global geopolitical turbulence. Domestic activity has exhibited strong performance on the back of robust domestic demand. Better capacity utilization in the manufacturing sector, buoyancy in the auto and real estate, a healthier corporate balance sheets, a strong credit momentum, high tax collections, and acceptable levels of inflation are aiding the gross growth prospects of the Indian economy. The country's growth momentum is likely to continue in the medium term, backed by the sustained strength in domestic demand, easing on inflationary pressures, focused fiscal spending by the government, and a strong manufacturing revival through new age greenfield investments and brownfield expansion across sectors. A combination of public and private CapEx spending is expected to propel the country's growth in the years to come. On the global front, the U.S. economy has shown persistence so far, but the inflation levels have led to the postponement of the rate cut decision by the Federal Reserve. Further, the US presidential elections in November is expected to contribute to the economic volatility. Elsewhere, the UK and European economies are still fragile, and concerns around growth in China could further dampen the economic revitalization. The Middle East region is also feeling the impact of conflict in West Asia, and escalation or spread of the conflict and disruptions in the Red Sea could have an adverse economic impact in the region. Besides continued investments in oil and gas, structural reforms in these countries remain critical to boosting growth in the medium term by way of diversification into clean energy and other industrial sectors, such as mineral processing. The headwinds from geopolitical tension, volatility in international financial markets, geoeconomic fragmentation, continuing sea route trade disruption, and extreme weather events pose risk to the outlook. Nevertheless, India, due to its structural reforms, strengthening physical and digital infrastructure, as well as upbeat business and consumer confidence, is in a relatively superior position to withstand these multiple challenges. In this backdrop, the company, L&T, will continue to focus on profitable execution of its record high order book, as well as position itself for tapping into emerging opportunities. A high order book, a relatively strong balance sheet, a well-diversified business portfolio, and proven execution capabilities enables the company to steer through the current volatile business environment. The company, as always, remains committed to maximizing sustainable value to all its stakeholders. Finally, I would like to comment on our guidance for FY 25 before we take Q&A. On order inflows, our guidance is around 10% growth in FY 25 over FY 24. This factors in domestic softness in tendering and awarding in H1 FY25, due to the ongoing elections in India and the formation of a new government. We also recognize that we have a large base to build our growth plans on. Having said that, the order prospects of INR 12 trillion for FY25 gives us confidence to pursue the order inflow guidance for this year, FY25. On revenues, our guidance is 15% growth over FY24. Given the large order book at this juncture, we believe our execution should carry on at a healthy clip without diluting our capital usage efficiency. A combination of a large order book and a normal payment environment in India and GCC gives us confidence around the revenue guidance of 15% growth. On the margins for the projects and manufacturing portfolio, the guidance for FY 2025 is largely in and around the number that we posted or reported for FY 2024, which is around 8.25%. Here I would like to give a little more explanation for this margin guidance, which is a combination of the following factors. The first one being the portfolio mix. The domestic vis-à-vis international jobs in the order book, which is the international order book, currently has a share of 38% of the total order book. As you may be aware, international projects have significantly better working capital terms, while the margin profile tends to be a little lower when compared to domestic orders. Further, in the infrastructure segment, over the last couple of years, we have received multiple large renewable project orders. These renewable project orders gives us a good revenue boost, but come with superior capital, working capital terms, but the flip side being that these jobs have lower embedded margins. The second point is on the EPC business risk. As you are aware, most domestic jobs are bid on competitive basis, and the lowest bidder is awarded the contract. The quality and cost-based selection criteria, or the QCBS, is yet to evolve in India. In such a bidding environment, there is always a likelihood of the cost of execution exceeding estimates, although partially reimbursable by clients at a later date.... Additionally, in infrastructure projects, time delays are inevitable given the large number of clearances that are involved. The third point is on client claims, whereas the payments from clients have improved over time, claim acceptance and settlements from the clients are witnessing delays. This impacts the margin. Last, the EPC business is cyclic in nature. It does appear that we are in the middle of an upcycle, where the growth has preceded again, preceded our own plans. In order to improve our preparedness to deliver, investments in resources and capability building are required, which could impact margin in the near term, but followed by benefits in the medium term. Having explained the margin profile, let me also reiterate once again that the modest margins in this portfolio will be made up through volume growth and improved working capital intensity, thereby resulting in higher return on invested capital. Our guidance on working capital, we did quite well in FY 24. A combination of improving revenues, higher customer collections, and customer advances led to this improvement. For FY 24, we are guiding the NWC to revenue at 15%. Before I conclude, I just want to give you an update that has been recently filed in the stock exchange, maybe an hour back. I would like to confirm to you that L&T, Larsen & Toubro Limited, has been given by S&P Global Ratings, via its letter dated today, it has assigned BBB+ long-term issuer credit rating, which is two notches above the sovereign credit rating. The detailed filing is there in the stock exchange. Thank you, ladies and gentlemen, for this patient hearing. We will now begin the Q&A. We have covered in the last almost 45 minutes a lot of ground on the performance for the year and the guidance as well for FY 2025. In order to make best use of the available time, I would request you to restrict your questions on strategy and outlook. This will be answered by Mr. Shankar Raman. Any further bookkeeping-related queries can be addressed by the IR team, that's myself and Harish, later on. Thank you. Thank you very much. We will now begin the question and answer session. Anyone who wishes to ask questions may press star and one on the touch-tone telephone. If you wish to remove yourself from the question queue, you may press star and two. Participants are requested to use handsets while asking questions. Ladies and gentlemen, we will wait for a moment while the question queue assembles. First question is from the line of Mohit Kumar, from ICICI Securities. Please go ahead. Yeah. Good evening, sir, and congratulations on a very, very good order inflow. So my first question is on the GCC tenders. I think last year, Middle East surprised us. How do you think about the Middle East opportunity in FY 25 compared to FY 24? And do you think there is a more headwind compared to the last year? Hello. Situation: difficult to predict today very clearly as to where the situation will be 12 months forward. Our belief is that the investment in Middle East will continue. Unlike the previous years, the investment in Middle East is more broad-based. It's not only hydrocarbon, it's also in the infrastructure building and developing Middle East as a destination for varied tourism, be it religious tourism, be it medical tourism, be it just entertainment and otherwise. So, between the infrastructure they need to build and the energy that they need to generate for the infrastructure, and also the downstream investments that they do in petrochemical and related areas would see continued thrust. What could change, perhaps, is prioritization of investment. We need to see as to which are those which are fancy investments, which are those which are must-have investments, and to that extent, we have factored that into our guidance. On the back of a 30% growth in order inflow, we are guiding about 10%, not only because of the disruption that we are expecting in the domestic markets because of elections and new government formation-related issues, but also because of the fact that Western Asia is geopolitically very sensitive. We have U.S. elections coming in. We do not know how the relationship between U.S. and Israel will form out, how the equation between Iran and U.S. will form out, and there are too many players in the act. So considering all that, we have, as compared to almost INR 180,000 crore of orders that we have booked in the current year for Middle East, we are looking at, a reduced, level of maybe INR 150,000 crore going forward from Middle East. The overall investment, I don't expect it to lose steam, but there could be prioritization. Understood, sir. My second question is on the working capital this particular fiscal year. they're in drastic decline. Is it to do something to which job mix? Is it temporary, and where do you see this number in medium term? See, when it was sticky around 24%, 25%, 26%, we were worried because the margins that we are generating was not sufficient to generate returns. We do believe, we do believe that the working capital going forward has moved for good from those 24%, 25%, 26%. Whether they would stay at 12% or move in a band of 12%-15%, we'll have to wait and watch. But my guess is that a lot of those legacy outstandings, which we went after very aggressively and collected successfully, has led to the decline in the working capital. I do not know whether you remember, but in 2007, 2008, et cetera, we used to report working capital at 7%. So I think it's very, very dynamic in relation to the type of projects and the terms under which we signed those contracts. My belief is we should be able to work around 15%. If 12% is not sustainable, so be it, but I don't expect it to go north of 20%. So at the moment, we would be quite okay. We'll accept if we get about 15% working capital increase, and that's the reason why we have even guided around 15% towards working capital intensity. In terms of efficiency, I think it is well drilled down into the organization that you have to spend out of cash that we collect. It's a transformation that we have achieved in the organization, which has taken us about 3-4 years of effort to make the sites believe that they will have to collect to survive, and they just can't make phone calls to get cash from the headquarters. I think this cultural shift has happened, and my belief is that this will sustain going forward. Thank you. Thank you so much. Thank you. Thank you. The next question is from Renu Baid from IIFL Securities. Please go ahead. Hi, good evening, sir. My first question is, while in the margins you have broadly guided for flat margins in fiscal 2025, for all the reasons of mix and backlog, et cetera. But does that also mean that now, given hydrocarbon and Middle East has been over a third of the backlog, so not just 2025, but from a medium-term perspective, 2-3 years, our margins could be in the similar range of 10% level versus the historical level that we've enjoyed of 8%-10%+? I think for, Renu, for a EPC business, 10% margin is outstanding, according to me. You can look at all the global peers, they nowhere are near these levels. So I will any day, happily take if the business is going to generate a 10% margin on a consistent level. The needle mover has been the construction business that we have been operating. And in infrastructure business, unfortunately, there are several levers at play, which influences the margin. Our own belief is that we should be able to have a plan to improve the current margins, of construction business, infrastructure business, which is about 6.2%-7% level. Whether it happens in one shot or whether it happens over two years in stages, we'll have to wait and watch. We do think that the margin improvement would be largely driven by the improvement that we see in construction business rather than in the hydrocarbon business. Sure. And the margin guidance excludes claim settlement for these large mega projects which we have been completing or commissioning in the recent times? We've realized the hard way, Renu, that it's difficult to predict the customer's response in terms of these claims settlement. They go through extensive discussions. It also has something to do with the budgets that they have had for getting the projects approved. So the processes involved are unfortunately little time drawn. So my guess is that, as and when this happens, we could report some improvement in margins, but hard to predict a timeline. But at the moment, the margin guidance excludes anything which is of significantly deviant nature. Got it. So secondly, on the Hyderabad Metro, while the ridership and overall performance has improved, where are we in terms of unlocking value in this asset and bringing private equity investor? Do you think it could be on cards in the next 12-18 months, or could be beyond the current track plan? We're actually, as they say, we need to dress the bride up. We need to get the fundamentals a little better organized in Hyderabad Metro. I think the traffic is punching below its weight. The traffic has potential to go up to INR 550,000 or INR 600,000, or thereabouts, in that range. And so to an extent, about 100,000 people, more than what currently are using metro should use. But we should also realize that this is something transformational from Hyderabad. Hyderabad never had a metro. The only way people used to travel apart from their cars is autos or or buses. And these modes of transport are often subject to some political maneuvers by, you know, the current government has announced free passage to women travelers. So that's taken about 40,000 people from our traffic from Hyderabad Metro. So we need to wait and watch as to how these dynamics play out. But my sense is that Hyderabad Metro has potential for improved ridership. It obviously has pending work in terms of getting government grants completed, in terms of, you know, the INR 3,000 crore that they granted, and we've just drawn about INR 900 crore out of that. And the balance INR 2,100 crore has to be drawn. And thirdly, I think the monetization has just started. As you might possibly know, 18.5 million sq ft is available as real estate. Not all of them is monetizable on day one, but in phases the monetization will happen. The fact that the government has agreed to monetization is borne out by the fact that during FY 2024, we did monetize and report some gains out of that monetization. So that effort has to continue. My own assessment is it will take a good 1 or 2 years for us to get the project into attractive zone. Investors will invest in this project if they see potential to earn about 12% on a consistent basis. We are, in my opinion, at least 18-24 months away from such an event. Got it. And lastly, if I can ask quickly, on while the rest of the divestment process has progressed well, is the divestment of the thermal project, Nabha, still on cards, or given the outlook of thermal assets today, we may retain it slightly longer than initially planned? See, the good news is it's not hurting us holding. Of course, the returns will be better if the assets get unlocked. So we don't want to throw the baby with the bathwater. We just want to make sure that the unlocking that we do, as and when we do, is done with appropriate valuation. So we are waiting. My own belief is I think coal is still relevant in the relevant scheme of things in India. I don't think we can do away with coal completely. So there will be some consolidation of coal assets, and Nabha will be an asset worth acquiring by such of those sponsors, because it's a performing plant. Almost 85% PLF, 25 years, concession agreement, steady payment terms, the coal supply chain is well established now, and the, and the unit is generating INR 4,000 crore of revenue and INR 400 crore of profit on a year-to-year basis. So according to me, anybody who has a coal portfolio will be better off having this asset. So we'll wait for the right bidder and, and then choose, as and when it happens. But at least it doesn't hurt us in terms of, you know, loss being generated on a year to year, et cetera. So, so Nabha asset is, is, is available for monetization, but at the right price. Thanks much, Inderjeet Singh Bhatia. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. The next question is from Parikshit Kandpal, from HDFC Securities. Please go ahead. Hello. Yeah, hi. Hi, team. Congratulations on a great quarter. So my first question is on the INR 1.8 trillion, GCC orders, the orders which you highlighted earlier. So are all these orders, like, financially closed? Has the notice to proceed given? Is there any slow-moving orders in this? If you can give some more color on this part of the order book. So these orders are well and truly moving. I think none of those are subjected to uncertainties of the kind that you're alluding to. These are orders just won, so I think the progress of the orders over the next 24-36 months will determine the final outcome on these projects. And most of these are funded by the Saudi PIF, which is, as you know, pretty cash rich. And the solar projects that we do are financially closed, whatever that we are embarking on. We have close to 18 GW of solar orders in Middle East. Not all of that is part of your 1,80,000 crore that I speak about, but some of which has happened in the earlier year and some of it's in the current year. Most of them are financially closed, and the proof of the pudding is that we've been able to collect our dues as and when we bill. So I, I would like to believe that they are in good place. Okay. Just a second question on the order inflow growth of 10%. So if you can help us understand, how are you looking for the growth in export orders and the domestic orders? Some color on that will help, given we have such a strong inflow of INR 1.6 trillion for FY 2024. So just wanted some more color on that. Yeah, you know, we speak about prospects of about INR 12,00,000 crore in terms of orders, and roughly, ballpark, I'm speaking, about INR 700,000 crore could be domestic orders and about INR 500,000 crore could be international orders. Now, our INR 180,000 crore that we won in the current year, out of the INR 300,000 crore of orders, could possibly be, based on our current estimate, around INR 150,000 crore. So to some extent, if you just compare period to period, we have factored in some decline in the international orders, but that gets compensated by the step up in the domestic orders. We do believe that the economy has benefited by the investment-first approach, and the tax collections bear testimony to this policy of investment first. So, I guess, post-elections, when the new government comes in, they would pursue with this policy. If this happens, the relative decline that we have presumed in our next year's budget, for order inflow could get compensated by the domestic orders. And consequently, we think that overall growth of 10% can be met. Well, as things pan out, the ratios could change depending on the current development, because this is as we could see today. Now, how things move out in terms of West Asia and how things move out in terms of India, et cetera, we'll have to wait and watch. Big events are at play. U.S. election is a major event that will have an implication on the West Asian geopolitical developments. So is Indian elections. At the moment, our best case estimate would be that a 10% growth, given that 3 or 4 months will go away in the current year, just by getting the government reelected and repositioned, followed by some monsoon months. We do think that the action would be in the second half of the year, and hence, the guidance is on a very large base of INR 300,000 crore, a 10% increase. But my sense is that there would be a decline in international orders and could get compensated by domestic orders. Okay. R.S, just on the real estate piece, this piece, I mean, we are no, we are in a super cycle on real estate, so, but very limited information shared by L&T. So I just wanted, and this has been a big value creator for a lot of companies on the listed space. So just wanted to understand on real estate, if you can help us, what was the pre-sales or the new sales booking for FY 2024, and any plans, any, any sense directionally on FY 2026, what potential growth we are looking at? Because this could be a big value driver for L&T. You're right. I think it's a good value driver, and, it's always good to have some cards up your sleeve, right? for overall value accretion. So I do think that this is one of those. for FY 2024, we have booked fresh orders worth about INR 4,500 crore. close to about INR 2,000 crore, 2,000 apartments we have been able to sell, largely from residential, even though, we are also developing 15 million sq ft of commercial area. part of the commercial area is for our own expansion and use, and part is for, divestment, and sale on development. you might have, heard or read about the fact that we have tied up with CapitaLand for the commercial real estate, which is meant for third-party use. So on construction completion and OC being received, these real estates would be monetized. The idea is to unlock the capital and recycle in the real estate business. On residential, I think the demand has revived, and the demand for high-end apartments have also revived very well. Today, we find that in markets like Mumbai, Bangalore, maybe a bit in Chennai and bit in Hyderabad, a bit in NCR region in Delhi, as well as in Pune, these are markets where we are seeing a lot of traction for residential apartments. We have projects in Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai and NCR, Delhi. We don't yet have in Pune. But we think that based on the nearly INR 3,000 crore worth of revenues that we have earned in FY 2024, we should be heading towards growth, both in terms of fresh order booking as well as sales. I must hasten to add that the sales in real estate business is on account of apartments handed over, and not on the basis of, you know, work in progress in terms of construction progress. So the apartments handing over has got a big issue to be resolved, which is, you know, approvals by the local authorities and occupational certificate being given. It's a very bureaucratic area, so we find it often a challenge to make sure that the pace of approvals are in sync with the pace in which we are able to complete the projects. But our guess is that we will be able to improve on our sales realization of INR 3,000 crore for FY 2025, FY 2024 and FY 2025. And profits are actually a consequential flow-through. So we do believe that, both in terms of order inflow and in terms of sales, and consequently in terms of cash flow and profits, real estate will do well. Whether we are ready to list these entities, we'll have to wait and watch, because I think we are very conscious about our reputation. The minute we list, we have to make sure that, it is, repeatable and sustainable business model. We'll have to wait and watch as to how this progresses, but, I do believe this is, a gem, available to be unlocked in the portfolio. But new order bookings by FY 2026, any sense how this 4,500 could move, like, in next 2, 3 years? Can it touch a 10,000 number internally? I mean, any numbers you're targeting? It's difficult to put a number of that magnitude, because all this booking will have to come from projects that we are executing, right? Today there are finite projects that we are executing. The difficulty in projecting, say, an order booking number is that we don't sell until we get the clearances. I think we are very conscious of the fact that we have a reputation to protect. So unlike many players in the real estate entity, we just don't book and then cancel later. So my sense is it'll all depend on the land parcel. It'll depend on whether it is a slum rehabilitation project or a clean piece of land. It will also depend on the approval process that are involved. So my guess is that you can, at the moment, take it as a growth area, but whether it will reach 10,000 by FY 2026, hard to predict. We will not resist if it is going to get there, but we possibly might need luck to be there. This is the last question on this entire UMPP revival. So any plans, relook at undertaking CapEx, to cater to the upcoming bidding at the capacity addition? Which is that revival? UMPPs. The power plants. Oh, ultra mega power plants. Okay, okay. See, at the moment, I think, we have not retained our focus on coal-based power plants, for a couple of reasons. One is obviously, I think, we think, the oil and gas and the green energy has a better future. So we're putting our bets there. And secondly, the terms under which these contracts are available for, ultra mega, are not necessarily very EPC friendly. If I take those orders for sake of order booking, you will question me on my working capital efficiency and margins arising therefrom. So I need to balance the opportunities that are available in UMPP area and in the rest of the area. My own belief is I think we are far away from taking coal away from the equation of energy generation. Coal will continue to exist. The choice is whether we would like to be there or we would like to be in some futuristic areas. We have chosen to be in futuristic areas, so to that extent, even if UMPP revives, I think we would not necessarily rush into that space. Once bitten, twice shy. Okay, all right, sir. Thank you, that's all. Those were my questions. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Before we take the next question, we'd like to request participants to please limit your questions to one per participant. Should you have a follow-up question, we request you to rejoin the queue. We take the next question from Aditya Makharia, from Investec. Please go ahead. Hi, good evening, sir. Hi, good evening. Can you kind of confirm, when you're speaking about power sector, it means that we are largely going to stay away from ordering, and which kind of gets reflected in your, prospect pipeline that you also spoke about, being only around INR 0.5 trillion, for the power sector. Is that understanding correct? You're right. Okay, sure. So second question on our order and slow growth that has been built into for FY 25, we are expecting a decline in international orders, which means that despite elections, which can potentially impact H1, we are building in almost, let's say, 13%-14% kind of growth in the domestic business. Even in FY 24, we estimate that overall ordering in the economy is likely to have remained strong. It's possible that L&T lost out some large orders, maybe because of competition. So what are we really seeing as changing in FY 25? See, I think, we do believe that the system has realized that successful completion of a project is equally important as finding the right price for the project. We used to be very L1 based in our approach for some of these projects. As the project scope enlarges, I think it is important that the quality- and cost-based selection process, that the government has accepted, should start playing out. Because today, whether a person is capable of delivering or not, he's free to bid for projects and upset the commercial considerations. I think the government has also realized that it is paying a price by the delays that creep in. My own belief is 25%-30% of the infrastructure cost that the country is incurring is on account of project delays by backing the wrong horse. If India is going to move towards Atmanirbhar, and if India is going to, let's say, take advantage of the U.S.-China relationship, which means that there is an alternate source of manufacturing, apart from Taiwan, apart from Korea, et cetera, then India has everything going for it. So one of the prerequisites I would believe if the new government seriously looks at economic development of the country, would be to make manufacturing competitive. And if this has to happen, then it is important that the cost of infrastructure that we develop is competitive. Because if infrastructure cost is uncompetitive, then the rest of the things falls off. So my belief is that the selection criteria will take into account the projects that we completed. Now, largely, if you see in the last six months or so, many of the marquee projects that the country has launched involved L&T standing there and completing the project. So my own belief is that there could be some selection criteria that will come in play, which will help us get a little more market share than what we had done in the past. Secondly, we ourselves, because the bandwidth is getting stretched, L&T need to make sure its resources are deployed for the right project and not get long, locked up in smaller projects. We will also get to be more selective and look at larger projects. When we look at larger projects in terms of order inflow, the spike takes care of the percentage growth that we are talking, speaking about. It matters to me that I win lesser number of jobs, but each job being of a larger value as compared to the past, where we had to compete with every Tom, Dick, and Harry. So in a way, we are trying to run ahead of competition and create a niche for ourselves in this entire area of construction and project development. The investments that we are doing, which is all seen in terms of some portion of our margins getting sort of compromised in the current term, is also on account of creating this competency. Let me give you an example. In the area of water and effluent treatment, we have invested money in creating a completely global standard lab by employing doctorates and PhDs who have worked on water technology for many years. Now, all of this is to ensure that the water project that we undertake has the benefit of their insights in terms of the quality of the water, the extent of corrosion, the type of pipes that we need to use, and the geography that it needs to take. So given all of this, unless I invest upfront in these technology and labs, it would not be possible for me to be quoting appropriately whenever that order comes. A company which has none of these, will land up quoting for it on a standard basis, and they will land up losing money for the government and for themselves in the long run. So my belief is that the lead that I might establish in the domestic infrastructure could happen because of the scope and scale of projects and the technology that we would bring to play. That's, that's very, very helpful, sir. Just, just one follow-up over here. So L&T has always enjoyed this reputation of undertaking these complex projects and executing them well ahead of time and with great quality. So, so nothing really changes over there. So main thing that we are speaking about changing is the selection criteria. And is there any particular vertical or segment wherein we are anticipating these changes from the government side? Yeah, I think, if you look at what the government is trying to promote, it is promoting in a very broad manner, inclusivity, inclusivity. Which means what? It wants to take projects and employment prospects to different corners of the country. Now, before it does that, it has to make sure that the people there have access to education, have access to basic sanitation, water, electricity, et cetera, and it also enables them to actually be engaged in the local industry. So my own sense is in sectors like roads, it may not make much difference because you'll have enough number of contractors available locally who can just get a road done. The government today, whether it is state or central, doesn't seem to worry much about the quality being L&T quality, because I think they have yearly budgets to take care of maintenance, repairs, et cetera, et cetera. So we are really defocused from those normal roads, and we are getting into a little more sophisticated areas. Now, if you see expressways that get developed, if you see the railroads that gets developed, be it dedicated or high speed rail. Now, these are areas which have huge economic significance to the country. So my own sense is that selectivity will come where technology is at play and not necessarily in areas like road. For example, if it comes to distribution of scarce resources, and let me again go back to water. I think today, country is not necessarily comfortably placed in water, even in a normal way of speaking. I think we are water-stressed in many areas, and much of this reason is also because of leakage, pilferage, et cetera. So we need to have a distribution system which is foolproof, both in terms of quality of transmission of water, as well as tracking the loss in transit. So we are combining technology in terms of our own water detection, leakage technology, as well as a robust distribution system. So my sense is, some of those which are funded by multinationals will be the first ones where quality-based selection will happen, followed by something that happens in the local central government, followed by local state government. State government will be the last to join queue because they have constituencies to please, so consequently, they can't be necessarily only quality-driven. They also have to take care of their own, considerations. So multilaterally funded first, followed by central government programs, followed by state government programs, is where this selectivity will happen. Perfect. That's helpful, sir. Thank you so much. Thank you. Thank you. Before we take the next question, a reminder to participants to please limit your questions to one per participant. For follow-up questions, you may rejoin the queue. The next question is from Amit Anwani from Prabhudas Lilladher. Please go ahead. Hi, sir. Good evening. Thanks for taking my question. My question is, with respect to the new initiatives which we talked about, we have done one electrolyzer, alkaline-based electrolyzer project in Hazira, and we just talked about the semiconductor fabless. Wanted to understand the investments required here for capacity creation and any investment done so far, and when can these new initiatives, including data center, can contribute meaningfully to the revenues over the next two, three years? Yeah. See, the current electrolyzers that we manufactured and, sort of, put out in December 2023, is undergoing several tests for their functionality, because we need to make sure that we have a product which is global in standard. And this is the first time ever anybody in India has put a technology, I mean, electrolyzer based on alkaline technology. So we are, we are trying to do that. Now, there is an alternate technology called PEM technology, and we are also trying to explore as to whether PEM technology, how does it work? Because end of the day, hydrogen as a source of fuel, will catch on only if it is competitive. So we have to bring the cost of electrolyzer down so that we bring the cost of hydrogen down. My own sense is that it'll take a year more for us to crack this code and be able to indigenize sufficiently the components of electrolyzer. The electrolyzer initially that we have made has fair bit of imported component. Those needs to be sourced indigenously, for which we'll have to develop a supply chain. My assessment is during 2024, 2025, we will start manufacturing a few more electrolyzers. We already have an order on hand for an electrolyzer, which is under work in progress, but we think that there will be many more to follow, but provided we track the cost competitiveness equation. In so far as data center is concerned, I think we have launched the Panvel Data Center, which is about 280 racks. We're trying to find customers for those 2 MW of pilot data center. You might have heard or spoken to us earlier, we are also in the process of building a 30-megawatt data center in, of Kanchipuram, in Tamil Nadu. And the idea is that we should be able to get some customers, including hyperscalers, to use these data centers. Our plan does include another 40 megawatts between Bangalore and Mumbai, of additional data centers. So the plan is fairly large, and the 32 megawatts of data centers that we are at the moment working on, is possibly about INR 2,200 crore of outlay. The additional 40 megawatts that I spoke to you about will involve further outlay. But, the utilization of these data centers and the type of clients that we get, will also drive the extent to which we feature the construction of the data center. The specifications are very user-based, user-dependent. Hyperscalers would require at a certain specificity, and others would require at a certain other specificity. We also are not looking at these as just colocation centers, we are looking to provide cloud services on top of this. So the value add that we will get is only when you have hyperscalers working. And hyperscalers working out of our premises would mean that the features of the data center we construct appropriately meets their requirement. So the capital allocation will be well met by the cash flows that we have in the company. It is not expected to force us to borrow to meet these capital expenditures, but would actually depend on the type of customers we sort of sign up with. Electrolyzer, we want to increase the 1 MW capacity to 4 MW capacity because, each electrolyzer is a bulky equipment, and we are not able to visualize somebody who wants to put electrolyzers of, you know, 10 MW, 20 MW, doing it in multiples of 1 MW unit. So we are trying to do some nano version of these with increased capacity. So it's work in progress, and the amount we might be required to invest would depend on how these, initiatives pan out. We invested about INR 25 odd crores for the current, electrolyzer, that we have put up. So it's not very capital intensive, but it is not very efficient. So we need to crack and improve on the efficiency and the sizing. Maybe a few months or a few quarters down the line, we'll be a little better placed to assess the capital requirement of this. Sure. So my next question is on Hyderabad Metro. You did highlighted that at least 40,000 ridership got impacted because of the free women scheme. So I think that now would not be there for at least next 2-3 years. So is that going to delay our restructuring plan in Hyderabad Metro? And second thing, wanted to understand the INR 2,500 crore interest-free loan, which we were supposed to get as a part of restructuring and refinancing. Is that on track? And third, what kind of monetization amount we're expecting in FY 2025? This year, I think, it's about INR 1,050. So what could be the number next year we are expecting? Okay. More women on the buses, we believe will get more men on the train. It's a bit of a gender divide, but can't be helped, because I think the way I read it is the, the, the Telangana government is not increasing the bus fleet. It is the same old bus which is ferrying all of them. So women crowding means no space for men. So men has to go and find alternate space, and I hope they find that in our metro. So to that extent, the 40,000 going away could mean 40,000 more men coming into, into trains. Time will tell. Secondly, in terms of the balance, it is not 2,500. We almost have to get 2,100 crore INR of money from the government. You know, the government has changed, so to that extent it does, and it is followed up immediately with the union election. So at the moment, I think the entire machinery is on election mode, so the environment is not conducive for us to sit down and talk commerce. So we'll wait for this election event to be over, then we'll engage with the government. We are currently engaged with the bureaucracy, but, you know, in state governments, nothing happens without the political bosses getting aligned to the bureaucracy. So I guess by August, September, we'll have a better color of when we want to realize. Our idea is to realize this as early as possible, because when the government passed the order last year, they meant to disburse this in three installments of INR 1,000 crore each. The first installment, they've done INR 900 crore, stopped short. So we have INR 100 crore more to collect out of the first installment. The second year has commenced, so another INR 1,000 crore is due. So all going well, we should be able to get INR 1,100 crore now and INR 1,000 crore in the following year. Insofar as monetization is concerned, as I mentioned, 18.5 million sq ft is available. Not all of that is monetizable on day one. We have monetized up to about INR 1,000 crore. We do think another INR 1,000 crore is up for monetization. Again, with the government playing supportive role, we should be able to get the INR 1,000 crore into our monetization program during FY 2025. And hopefully, it will be done for similar profit as we had done in the earlier case. Thank you, sir. Thanks for taking my question. Thank you. Next question is from Sumit Kishore from Axis Capital. Please go ahead. Good evening. My compliments on the very strong performance on orders, execution and working capital. My question is, in relation to your core margin performance clubbed over a period of nine quarters. So we look at nine-quarter period together. We see that L&T's ability to predict or guide on core margins has proved below historical track record. So with the benefit of hindsight, how do you view, you know, what is it that you have not been able to foresee better, while guiding over the last, you know, two years plus? See, we could not predict COVID. We could not predict Russia-Ukraine war. We could not predict Israel-Hamas. We could not predict Iran-Israel. We are not able to predict whether Trump will win or Biden will win. We are not even able to predict whether Modi will win or somebody else will win. There is so much uncertainty around our life. Now, I'm not even talking about the commodity price. I do not know whether your research put out that the steel price will go up to INR 80,000 per metric ton. It moved up from INR 30,000 to INR 80,000. Silver and copper and aluminum shot through the roof. So with so much of uncertainty, unfortunately, our business model is we sit today and look four years forward and say where the cost would be, where the revenue would be. Given that we deal with execution on the ground, which means that we have to mobilize resources, we have to get imports or local supplies done, the supply chain has to work to our plan, and the resource mobilization overall has to be in line. We should get the clearances in time, the land, right of way, land acquisition to be done in time. I think in hindsight, I really wonder how we got into this business with so much of uncertainties. And I also wonder how we have been able to be so consistent in our delivery over time. You might possibly say that margin prediction has moved up and down, but if you take our company's performance over the last 20 years, we run a portfolio of business which sort of self-compensates. Hardly has there been a cycle which is linear. We've had cycles of ups and downs, at least 4 economic cycles, very distinct, I am able to recall in my 20 years here. Given this, I do believe that we have reasonable expertise in trying to get the margins profile predicted out of the jobs that we have to execute going forward. There has always been a challenge of 100 basis points, and as analysts, I think every basis point counts for you. But my sense is, so long as we are within the band of 1% up, down, I think we have done a reasonable job given the uncertainties that feature our daily lives. Sure. Just to clarify one point you had made earlier regarding 80 basis points, you know, likely core margin improvement over the next 2-3 years as we go from 6.2% to 7%. Given that this is the largest segment, would you have a gauge that the extent of projects and manufacturing margin improvement over the next 2 years should be of a similar magnitude? See, the improvement in projects and manufacturing would depend on the type of orders that we get. For example, if we are able to get large orders in the precision engineering and systems area, typically these are very high entry barriers, high on technology, low on competition, and margins would be pretty good. Now, if we are able to get some large orders that we've been targeting for the last few years, and for whatever reason, government has not been able to make up its mind between public sector ordering and private sector ordering. If government really wants to push Atmanirbhar and reduce dependence on imports for some of these, precision engineering and systems orders, then we could see the improvement in margins in the manufacturing portfolio as well. The improvement in margins in the infrastructure segment, essentially the construction and project management, has to come not necessarily from client giving us better prices, but us doing the work in a more efficient way. We have to figure out a way to crash time overruns. We also have to figure out a way to make sure that the cost estimation is very realistic, and we have back-to-back arrangements with our supply chain. The productivity of workforce is the only uncertain element in this, because every year, as you possibly might have heard earlier, almost 400,000 people, workers we employ, sourced from all over the country. And there is at least three times this 400,000 churn. So we need to operate on a pool of 10-12 lakh people to make sure that we are able to deliver our projects on time. Now, every person comes with his unique advantages, disadvantages, skill sets, et cetera. To achieve the consistency that we desire, if margins have to be on track with the expected trajectory, would require enormous automation, and that doesn't happen overnight. We are doing our best to make sure that we invest in automation, reduce the inside construction as much as possible, and make sure that we deliver more consistently on our projects and productivity. It's a journey that we have undertaken. We do realize that if we want to create sustainable value as a company, which today is about $25-$27 billion, if we want to become $50 billion dollar, $100 billion dollar company and continue to be as valuable, it is important that we are able to get larger level of automation and reduce the uncertainty in our execution. So, it's an effort. We are cognizant of that, and I think we are at it, and hopefully over the next few years, you will progressively see the improvements. Thanks for the detailed reply, R.S., my best wishes. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you. The next question is from Atul Tiwari from Citi. Please go ahead. Yeah, sir. Thanks a lot, and congrats on very strong performance. So my question is on thermal power opportunity. I mean, you alluded to it, but what exactly is keeping L&T away from this opportunity? Because you have both the EPC as well as the BTG manufacturing capability. And the government is talking about 80 gigawatts or so of orders over the next few years, which could be pretty substantial. See, the terms of trade in thermal, so far as the experience go, has not been very, contractor-friendly. It is, the thermal capacity is largely being added by PSUs today. Private sector is not really investing, and such of those private sector which is invested in thermal capacity is in front of NCLT. So, given that PSU is your client, there is a bit of an unevenness in commercial relationship. You can define only that many terms that you can foresee in a contract. Let me contrast it with the experience that we have with Middle Eastern contracts. Now, there also it is inconceivable to have everything predicted upfront. As the project gets implemented, we definitely sense a certain amount of support that the sponsor provides to make sure that the project gets completed on time. Unfortunately, in Indian conditions, there is no penalty for delay, but there is penalty for decision-making by private sector enterprises. They are scared about taking commercial calls, which is just outside the four walls of the contract that we sign up with. Project business does not work exactly on the printed contract lines, because there are dynamics that are at play and which makes us deviate from the contractual situation. So if the client is interested in completing the project, and he is going to be evaluated for completing the project on time, which is not the case with our public sector enterprises, then they will do everything to make sure the contract completes. Here we find the situation that, "Let me see how you complete," or, "I will see when you complete," seems to be the attitude. Now, that doesn't work with us. I think we have become a large company, and we have investors who expect us to become even bigger, and that can happen only if we climb the right ladders. Thermal coal-based power plant with PSU as a customer, does not, at the moment, seem to be the ladder we can drive, climb. There has been considerable improvement because it has now got reduced to a situation wherein many of these projects there is single bidder, and the government, the very government system does not support single bidders. So they badly require somebody like L&T just to make sure that there is a second bidder. We don't want to be dragged into this situation. We want to be participating in a bid if we have a right chance to win, and we have all the interest in executing. If we are going to just be counted for just number's sake, that's not our interest. So considering all this and considering the alternate opportunity, see, end of the day, I also have limited resources and limited bandwidth. I need to deploy my resources and bandwidth in areas which I think will produce value for my investors, and that can happen only if I follow, not on emotive grounds, but on rational grounds, on which projects I bid for. And that actually eliminates. I wouldn't call eliminate; it reduces the coal-based power plant much lower in the priority. Okay. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. The next question is from Aditya Monga, from Kotak Securities. Please go ahead. Thank you for the opportunity. I think two parts to my question. The first one being, When you say a 10% growth against a INR 12 trillion pipeline, it kind of assumes that your hit rate will be more than 20%. Could you give us a sense of segments where you think you'd be able to do this kind of hit rate or even better? That's the first part. The second part is, again, you're relying on domestic order inflows to grow next year. Are there certain large size programs such as Petchem that you are relying upon? Some more that would be useful. Those were the questions. Thank you. See, this pipeline, in a way, is an aggregation of opportunities that we see today. We find that, roughly about INR 700,000 crore out of the INR 1,200,000 crore comes from India, Indian opportunities, and about INR 500,000 crore from international opportunities. In Indian opportunities, predominantly it comes from infrastructure space. Areas like, water, which we think requires substantial investment. Area like, the civil projects where, a fair bit of, large projects, in urban transportation, the bridges, infrastructure in the borders, et cetera, are involved, will get government allocation because of the preferences, whether it is political preference or, or security preference, the preferences exist. The standard growth momentum in areas like our buildings, factories area, in our power transmission distribution, those or any of the industrial CapEx, they remain encouraging, but could change between one timeline and another timeline. So our sense is that given a 20%-25% win rate, if we are able to actually participate in bids worth INR 700,000 crore in the domestic order, we should be able to clock in somewhere between INR 150,000 crore-INR 180,000 crore, which is what we are seeing. In the year that we have just reported, we are close to INR 150,000 crore of domestic orders, and that would possibly become INR 170,000 crore-INR 180,000 crore, maybe 15% growth. On international, we have deliberately reduced the target. We don't know. It is not that we will let go of opportunities, but we do think that considering Saudi, which is a very large component of our international market, has gone on to some investment prioritization mode and not necessarily slow growth mode, but they just want to prioritize the investment to the purpose that they cater to. So given that, we have said instead of INR 180,000 crore, we will possibly target about INR 150,000 crore in the current year. But these are not cast in stone. I think we'll have to keep watching this space and see whether the bids play out accordingly. Our own belief overall, given the INR 300,000 crore large base that we have set for ourselves at the end of FY 2024, INR 330,000 crore could be something that we will reach. But interestingly, well, how much of domestic, how much of international, which sector, et cetera, we will keep talking to you as we go along, the quarterly conversations. If I may just, three years back, the hit rate was about 15% on an overall basis, which we expect to go to kind of 20%+. So I'm just trying to kind of get a sense whether certain sectors are competitive positioning has improved, or let's say the competition by itself has kind of scaled down for us to be confident of a 20%-25% hit rate on an overall basis in domestic. See, I think the competition exists at the lower end of the project spectrum. I think you, yourself would have sort of seen that the kind of projects now they are bidding, participating and executing are far more complex, both engineering wise and scale wise. I mean, just take the most apparent example of Trans Harbour, 21 kilometers across the sea or coastal road, the kind of challenges, technical challenges that we have. The considerable amount of tunneling that we are doing for Metro or for coastal road, this obviously reduces the number of people who are competing. The eligibility is lower. Not to say that there won't be any competition. There will be competition because the sponsors would like competition for better price discovery. Instead of 10, 12, 14 people competing, we are increasingly looking at projects where 4 or 5 people compete. We have given ourselves, and that is demonstrated in the last year, our win rate has almost been 23% in what we are doing. We are thinking upwards of 20% is what we will continue to win going forward at the opportunities. But as I mentioned earlier in some other context, all these are best estimates as we see now. This is something that we'll have to keep on watching because we are in business only if investments are being made, and investments will be made only if funds are available and there is a policy prescription which is supportive. These two are beyond our control. So to some extent, we have to depend on what cards get dealt on the table, and then pick it up from there and move it forward. Thank you, for your response. Those are my questions. All the very best. Thank you. Thank you. The next question is from Jonas Bhutta, from Birla Mutual Fund. Please go ahead. Thank you for the opportunity, and congratulations on a great set of numbers, sir. Two questions which are largely, you know, more confirmatory in nature. So, sir, if we see our order inflows for fiscal 2024 for the core P&M business, which is about INR 2.4 trillion, 50% split between domestic and exports, sir. You know, this is like 1.2. So against the INR 1.2 trillion international orders, you're saying that we will probably clock closer to INR 90,000 crore, because, you know, the INR 180,000 crore number that you quoted includes the services bits, sir. The reason I ask this is then we are actually asking, the intake rate on the domestic side is almost a 40%-50% jump in terms of order intake. So that's a more confirmatory, the first question. It's about 30% and not 50%. And secondly, you're right, the 1.5 lakh that we spoke about does include, does include the services, and no doubt about that. And the services business, as you know, is currently going through some sectoral headwinds, so we don't expect runaway growth in the services for the year. But, you know, these are bets and assessments we are making now. We think that if the government were to return, and unfortunately, I'm getting drawn into some political anticipation, but if the current government gets voted back, I expect continuity in policy. And that would mean that the investments that were held back in the last six months or so will get unlocked. Secondly, depending on the type of majority, if there are points to be proved and established, the momentum will change. But these are, I mean, I don't know. These are political led situations. But if you look at India, if you look at this being an economy which is expected to become third largest by 2030, it's important we invest in infrastructure. And if India does believe in infrastructure investment, does believe in manufacturing investment, L&T is in pole position. The kind of technology that we have, the skill sets that we have, India would need that because these opportunities are fleeting, right? And if you don't take advantage of these opportunities when they present themselves in a global context, then it'll become one year too late. So my sense is that if there's going to be continuity in policy, forget about which government, continuity in policy, then India needs to now buck up. It set the pace so far in the last 3, 4 years, and it has caught the world's attention. I don't expect U.S.-China relationship to improve from here. Whether it is Biden or it is Trump, unfortunately, I think the choice is pretty predictable there. Whoever comes, I think it's a question of degree of deterioration rather than a completely changed tide. India has a unique opportunity. I'm sure that the people at the helm of affairs are cognizant of this, and if India needs to capture this opportunity, it has to pick pace in infrastructure development and projects development. The projects could be in energy transition area, it could be in EV, it could be in any other, it could be semiconductor, it could be in any other import substitute, it could be in pharma. But all of this would mean that you should have a port logistics, you have airport logistics, you have road connectivity, rail connectivity, and you should have people working in different corners of the country with power at their homes, water at their homes, et cetera. So given the sheer potential, I do believe betting on India post-election does not seem to be a bad strategy. Well, time will tell whether we are successful, not successful, et cetera. But we do believe that, the growth that we are anticipating on the Indian side, seems, well reasoned at the moment. But as I mentioned, I think every quarter we have an opportunity to exchange views, and then we will see if there's any changed circumstances and whether that's going to have any change in our plans. Sure, sir. The view is well appreciated over a, you know, 2- to 5-year period. Just that current year will have just 9 months operational from the government side and the ask rate of INR 150,000 crore+ worth of inflows for us, you know, means at a country level, even higher, just looks like a tad bit too kind of an aggressive assumption. That was my two cents on that. So the second re-confirmatory question was again on margins, sir. You know, when we started FY 2024, we knew our order pipeline, we knew where largely the orders are going to come from, yet we started with a guidance of 9%. Within that, we had also clarified that the claim settlement will not form a very large, but it's not a needle mover. You know, you know, starting FY 2025 with an 8.25 margin guidance, again, you know, you know, what seems to have changed? Because I can't wrap my head around. You know, we already knew the kind of renewable pipeline that we had for bidding, the hydrocarbon pipeline that we knew for bidding and, you know, we, we may have won slightly higher than our expectation, but, you know, this 8.25 margin and then sort of even tempering expectations from a slightly longer term perspective, so from an FY 2026 perspective is also a bit confounding to me, sir. If, you know, you know, I know I'm beating on the same bush, but would really appreciate, you know, what has changed. I'll also beat the same bush to see whether clarity. But what we will see when we predicted 9%, or when we projected 9%, it has got nothing to do with fresh orders to be won, because much of the execution was out of the order book, and we knew what the order book is. A couple of things that changed during the year. We never expected the military escalations to happen. If you recall, 12 months ago, we were still talking about possibility of Russia-Ukraine war coming down and ceasefire being announced. We never expected a frozen war in Russia-Ukraine, and little did we expect there's going to be West Asia crisis of the type that we are today seeing. Secondly, we never expected possibly the supply chain disruption to continue the way it has done during the year. Earlier it was COVID, and later it was dispatch constraints at the various ports and airports. Now it's the question of a lot of orders being placed on limited number of people who have finite capacities and their ability to supply within time. The most recent of it being that the Houthis are firing at anything that passes by, so we have to take all the way around South Africa and spend more money and more time in getting our supplies done. Now, these were things that were not on our radar in April or May of 2023, when we forecasted. Secondly, when we forecasted the order inflow of about 10%, we never expected to end with 30%. And we never expected the order book, which had 21%-28% from international, to become a whopping 30%-38% by the end of the year. The changed mix of international orders to domestic orders have also got a role to play in that absolute percentage margin that you're speaking about. Thirdly, neither you nor I did anticipate that we'll have capital intensity reduced to the extent to which we have done in the current year. We never... I'm, I'm sure in your model, you wouldn't have predicted a 12% working capital, and we did not in our model. And as compared to 18% at the start of the year, 12% is a dream run. So given so much of uncertainty that has featured our landscape, the margin decline from 9% to 8.25 over the period of 12 months, in a way, is understandable to me. We have, realizing this progressively, revised our guidance down, even though, it might look like disappointing on the earlier guidance. We have tried to stay true and current to our assessment at every point in time. Now, given the fact that we are at this stage, what is the green shoots that we are looking at, where the margins will expand from 8.25 to 9%? Now, much of the, the cost that we have incurred in delivering towards our customer's requirement will get settled in due course. So even though we did not budget large amount of claims in 2023, 2024, there was a certain amount of claims we had taken, and those claims have also got deferred. So to that extent, changed mix, deferment of claim settlement. And thirdly, the input cost, which was earlier, commodity, later became fuel, now it is logistics and supply, labor cost. Given the fact that much of the jobs are now getting implemented in Middle East, the labor cost in Middle East is much higher than in India. Secondly, there are local requirements saying 30% of local workforce have to be engaged. When you have large investments happening and all the global players participating in those investments, the 30% compulsion to source locally means all of us rushing to the same source of either labor contractor or subcontractors for, components. Now, that automatically skews the demand supply situation, and we are required to pay the price for staying in the, dispatch of the supplier. So given so much of uncertainty, which is what I was saying in the context of another question, 100 basis points moving up and down is something that we need to possibly be prepared for. The compensating factor that we are using, because end of the day, what are we committing ourselves? We are committing ourselves to value creation. The value creation is a function of both margins and capital employed. Now, we tend to focus exclusively on margins, forgetting the capital employed has improved. And, secondly, we also tend to forget that international business, which was 25%, is almost becoming 40%. Now, 40% of international business might actually make the margins look softer, but if you look at return on invested capital, it is far better. It is not without reason over the last few years, we have moved the return on capital investment, as well as ROE, from the lower levels to where it is today. Today, as we speak, the ROE is close to 15%, and it was 9% three years ago or four years ago. So, the efficiency of the business and the value it creates, I would urge all of you analysts to look at it a little more holistically and not just look at one element of value creation. If you look at it as to whether is the company creating value for shareholders, does it do enough to have a buyback? Does it do enough to have stepped up dividend? Does it do enough to have a promising future? I think the company ticks all the boxes. It's just a question of what we want to focus on. Yeah, sir, thanks a lot for this clarification, and all the very best. Thank you. Thank you. Next question is from Girish Achhipalia from Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead. Sir, I just had one question, on private CapEx, how much of your prospect list, is assuming that? And if you can, answer one of the questions that was not probably clear to me at least, if you have any large domestic orders that you expect to come through in the second half, if you can qualitatively speak on those. Thanks. Domestic CapEx will be about 25%, as we see today, very similar to the way it has played out in FY 2024. And- What areas, sir, would then be, steel sector, building? These are quite scattered, actually. If you look at last year, we won orders in the steel sector. We won some cement factories, we won some paint factories, we won some data centers, we won some commercial real estate, we won some hospitals. Quite scattered. And I think we would continue to see that play out because my sense is, India is, apart from a few large players, is completely populated by small and medium-sized enterprises. The private CapEx soared when government successfully announced BOT programs in several areas, including roads. So if you recall, 5, 7, 8 years ago, everybody wanted to become a power plant sponsor. Everybody wanted to become a road owner. Everybody wanted to become a transmission line owner. Now, the private capital has realized that having government at the other end of the equation is a very uneven equation. And slowly, and including us, we have pulled out of all the concession agreement because we think that private capital does not get the respect that it deserves in terms of return or in terms of terms of play. So the private CapEx dipped when the BOT collapsed, and the BOT was not just restricted to road. It was now becoming all-encompassing 5, 6, 7 years ago, and over time, now it has become low. Secondly, the, all the power investments are ceased because all the power producers, the private capital who backed it, are all in NCLT in different forms, because they ultimately will have to sell power, and power is a politically sensitive issue. So given that, that you are going to have a product which is either price controlled or politically sensitive, my sense is it will take quite some time for new set of private capital providers to forget the past and come and invest. So the investment in private sector capital will be very opportunistic and situation dependent. Such of those industries where they're able to see return on their private capital invested, will invest, and like they have done in the past. So wholesale surge in private CapEx, I don't expect. If the country wants to get its basic infrastructure in place, basic road network, rail network in place, basic urban infrastructure in place, world over, it has been done on public capital. It can't be any different in India. So the government has to take responsibility for this and get out of businesses, which is suitable for private sector. For example, does government have any business to be in as many defense production areas? I don't think so. So the question is reprioritization and reallocation of capital. It will happen. I am very confident over time, India will emerge with the right equation. And to that extent, I think the private capital surge will happen in a phased manner and not happen in a wholesale manner. Our own guess is over the next few years, public sector-led capital program will drive the growth. And when I talk about public sector, it need not be funded out of union government budget or state government budget, but the program should be sufficiently strong and robust for them to attract lenders of global standing. Thank you very much. That was the last question. Thank you very much. I would now like to hand the conference over to Mr. P. Ramakrishnan for closing comments. Thank you everyone for attending this long call. It was our pleasure to interact with all of you. Good luck and wishing you all the very best. Thank you. Thank you. On behalf of Larsen & Toubro Limited, that concludes this conference. Thank you for joining us, ladies and gentlemen. You may now disconnect your lines.