Thank you. Good afternoon. I'm Ben Suh, head of investor relations at Samsung Electronics. First of all, I'd like to thank you all for attending this year's Investors Forum. Also, it's great to be back in Hong Kong and meeting with all of you attending in person, as well as those viewing via video. Amid today's major uncertainties, today, we would like to focus more on the future. We would like to discuss growth strategies from some of Samsung's key businesses. After today's presentations, we also look forward to hearing back from you regarding your feedback and also additional areas of interest. We have four speakers with us today representing Display, our DX business, Memory, and Foundry. Each of our presenters will share key growth focus areas for their respective businesses. First, we will have VP Gongmin Kim from Samsung Display Research Institute. He will present Driving the Future with Samsung Display. Mr. Kim has an MS in mechanical engineering from Seoul National University. After joining Samsung, he started his career in OLED process and equipment design. His deep and diverse experience in engineering and technology planning includes establishing and operating Samsung Display Research Center in the U.S. and expanding corporate partnerships. Mr. Kim is currently the head of the technology strategy team and in charge of technical planning at the Display Research Institute. Second, VP Taeyong Huh, the head of Experience Planning Group in the DX division's CX-MDE Center, will give a presentation entitled Customer Experience-Driven Growth Strategy. Many of you probably do not know what CX-MDE stands for. That's part of the surprise of his presentation later today. Mr. Huh graduated from UCLA. After joining Samsung Electronics, he led the product planning team in the VD business, contributing greatly to product planning and successful sales strategies in multiple areas, including MicroLED and Neo QLED TVs. He has also played a major role in public relations. Mr. Huh is currently responsible for creating strategies and delivering differentiated experiences across multiple devices. Third, Harry Yoon, the head of marketing team in the Memory business, will present The Leap into the Future: Memory Milestones for the AI Era. Mr. Yoon has an MS in electronics engineering from Seoul National University. After joining Samsung Electronics, he developed an extensive technical background in multiple areas. In particular, he played major roles as a part of the product planning team for cutting-edge DRAM products such as DDR5, LPDDR5, and the world's first mass production of HBM2. As the head of the marketing team, Dr. Yoon oversees the market research, product marketing, and other related areas. Finally, we will have EVP Gibong Jeong, the head of the business development team in the Foundry business, deliver a presentation on Samsung Foundry and AVP: We Give Life to Your Imagination. Dr. Jeong earned his PhD in electrical engineering from Stanford University. Before joining Samsung Electronics, he worked on microchip research and development as a senior engineer at Texas Instruments. At Samsung, he devoted himself to research and development of core semiconductors as a senior engineer in the System LSI business. Based on his diverse experience, he is currently leading the business development team and plays an instrumental role in identifying customer and market needs and establishing technology and marketing strategies. I'm confident that today's presenters will provide valuable insight into Samsung's growth strategies. Let me remind you that we will have the presentations first, and if you have questions, we will have a separate Q&A session immediately following the presentations. With that, please give a warm welcome to our first speaker, Gongmin Kim, VP of Samsung Display. Thank you for joining us today. I'm Gongmin Kim, who leads technology strategy team at Samsung Display Research Center. It's truly an honor to me to speak on behalf of SDC Samsung Display about the future display market that SDC will lead. Frankly speaking, I'm a little bit embarrassed when I heard this, I would be the first speaker. I expected to be the last speaker. I'll do my best today just for you to understand the reason why after my presentation. Okay. Shall we start? Driving the Future with Samsung Display. This is the topic today. I'm going to talk about the general display market, in chapter one, smartphone and TV market, I explain. That's the major display field, now currently SDC is doing. Next, just IT auto markets. That will be the biggest growth engine for Samsung Display in the big picture. Lastly, the micro display I'm going to talk about. It's really a new opportunity to us. What is the display? As you might be aware, the people perceive and receive the information mainly by the sight. It's more than 80%. I would like to define the display is the window that connects people and people, and people and real world by the, to the technology. It means display would be everywhere at any time. Since the 2000, the display market grows dramatically for a decade. From the 2010, the market seems like to be, has been desaturated more than 10 years. What's going to be the next growth engine for display market? If you see the deep dive, the detail, this graph I'm sorry. It differs the application by application. Especially OLED portions has been increased from the 8% to 34%. It's mainly just applied to the smartphone. It implies that maybe we have the chance, the good opportunity in display market to grow. SDC, it seems like similar to the whole market, display market. We founded in 2012, in the more than 10 years, the revenue seemed like to be saturated, and it's not a big change. If you see the OLED portion, for this. In 2012, the LCD revenue is much more than the OLED one. Since last year, we exited the LCD business, this year we're just only doing the OLED business. The revenue is not that small, as you can see. Mainly, we did our business in smartphone and TV also. Again, similarly to the smartphone market, the IT and auto and other application area, the OLED will be penetrated, jump into dramatically soon. This year, the portion of the new market, such as IT and auto, is about 10% of our revenue or less. It will grow more than 30% in the near future. I hope that our revenue will just reach up to KRW 50 billion soon. This is the snapshot of the SDC's today. I'd like to emphasize on that we have spent R&D, about 10% of our revenue and more than half of our profit. Also, if you can see the number of the R&D engineers, it's also more than 50% of our total number of the employees. Also, our OLED market share is more than 70% currently. You may heard that the word GOAT is usually used in sports things, the greatest of all time. I'd like to say that SDC would be the GOAT in display. If you see the information, last year, our market share in small and medium is about 70% again. Our operating profit, which is KRW 4.6 billion, but on the other hand, the other display companies, they lose monies a lot. The number of the patent, SDC also does is outstanding, if you can see. Next, I'd like to the market in smartphone and TV. It's the major period that SDC are playing now. Let's see the video clip. [Presentation] I think that it shows the well described our upcoming SDC products. Let me talk about the smartphone market. It is same as this. The OLED share is now about 75% in smartphone market. It is worth noting that the adoption of OLED displays on premium and mid-range smartphones is distinct compared to LCD panels. In 2007, we have the succeeding in producing the OLED device world first. Then up to now, just we have developed and we have led the market with the flexible technology and trench hole technology and foldable and UPC. UPC means Under Panel Camera. How we, the SDC, can keep our position and even strengthen? Here are four key directions of it. First, the border reduction, so to make the full screen. Second, the low power consumption. Third is sensor- integrated display panel. Finally, the new form factor, such as the foldable display and rollable display and slidable one. I will explain them one by one. Every display makers wanted to be the 100% SBR display. SBR means screen-to-body ratio. 100% SBR is a kind of dream for all the display makers. We have tried increased SBR by employing the narrow border, the technology, as well as notch, the hole, holey display, and UPC. In Galaxy S10, we reached about 88% of SBR, but we wanted to be higher, such as more than the 90% SBR. To do this, we have been developing the circuit and module design. Those are just kind of key factor just to reduce the border, and as you can see here. Next, the low power consumption is always important. Many technologies are needed to achieve low power consumptions. Here are some of the flagship to low power technologies. First one is TADF, second is OCF, third is adaptive frequency. TADF is kind of the new EL, the organic materials. We have used the fluorescence materials and phosphorescence materials. Especially for the blue color, we need more such a higher efficiency and a longer lifetime. We have developed the TADF materials, and recently just we have achieved dramatically the better data for that. Also the OCF means that on-cell film. The conventional display uses the polarizer. It just cuts about the half of the light. The term means that transmittance and the light efficiency is very low if you use the polarizer. We would like to eliminate the polarizer, and then we did it. It is also the known as the Eco² OLED Plus, is a kind of the trademark. Which enables for us to eliminate polarizer and to get the much higher transmittance. The last, the adaptive frequency. It means that you wanted to refresh rate to be the varied, just by the contents. For example, the faster motion sports or video clips, we need higher refresh rate, more than, for example, just 120 hertz. If the display just shows the still images or a text, you do not need to refresh it very often. We just drive the kind of 10 hertz or even one hertz. It enables us, the IC power, to reduce for the drive the low refresh rate. We have developed the adaptive frequency to do this. Next, sensor integrations. Nowadays, more and more sensors are being implemented to smartphones. Currently, it's more than 30 sensors are embedded in smartphones, you may know. I expect that these sensors to be integrated into the display for slim and lightweight smartphone with high functionality. We are working on various all-in-one sensors like OPD, which stand for the organic photodiode. OPD just make us to get the all-in-one sensors, and it enables multi-fingerprint touch, and blood pressure, and blood sugar, and so on. Also for this technology, we have achieved dramatically the improved data we got recently. Finally, the new form factor. I think this is one of the most important factor for the smartphone, the market. We launched the first foldable phone in 2019, and then it has been evolving. Not only now currently just the foldable display is the kind of the portable display. We also just developing the unfoldable and multi-foldable, and even the slidable and rollable display. To achieve that, the most one of the important thing is you make the low-stress structure as well as the materials. Also this, the low-stress, the structure ensures that each panel layer is made of stress-resistant materials, making the panel withstand the multi-stress. Stretchable panels, it's a little bit more challenging technology, which requires highly elastic materials compared to other flexible panels, as it has to be stretched on all sides. I'm going to introduce our QD display, and then also just I use another video clip to demonstrate our, the QD displays. Introducing the QD Display by Samsung Display. A revolutionary display which combines an industry-first quantum dot color conversion layer with a self-emitting blue pixel layer to bring to life the most accurate and vibrant colors. As our bright blue light travels from the emissive layer to the quantum dot layer, it is converted immediately into full-spectrum color rather than using traditional color filters. This provides unrivaled color volume, uniformity, and vibrant full-spectrum color reproduction. Our QD display provides an extended color gamut with rich and consistent color volume to create the truest, most lifelike picture with class-leading light efficiency, color consistency, and brightness intensity. With enhanced brights at over 1,000 nits and the deepest, truest blacks at less than 0.0005 nits, QD display delivers outstanding contrast and the most competitive dynamic range available. QD display natively supports adaptive sync, allowing desktop monitors to reach 175 hertz and TVs to reach 144 hertz, resulting in crystal clear images during even the most demanding motion sequences. The QD display prevents color shift and maintains luminance where it's needed most. With a viewing angle 80% greater than competing technologies. Take the quantum leap and experience the true power of quantum dot technology. Thank you for watching. Samsung Display launched QD-Display in TV application last year. Currently, the current TV market is mainly divided into the LCD and OLED panels. There are two types of OLED display panels for TVs. One is the white OLED and the other is QD-OLED. As you can see, the LCD relies on the color filter and BLU, the backlight unit, and white OLED uses the white OLED materials and color filter. QD-OLED employs color conversion through blue emitting layer and QD, quantum dot. As you just saw in the video, QD-OLED is superior in brightness, contrast ratio, and color gamut. Especially color and viewing angle are much better than the other displays. Since we succeeded in manufacturing the QD-Display last year, the QD-Display TV just won a lot of the awards from the Display Institute. This year, as you may know, the Nobel Prize in chemistry, the scientists who discovered the QD, they won the Nobel Prize in chemistry. We will continue to develop the QD-OLED technology to make it more durable and cost efficient and eco-friendly, thereby further increasing its competitiveness. Next, let's talk about the IT and auto market. This would be the major growth engine for Samsung Display. As you can see, like in smartphone market, currently the OLED share, OLED portion in IT and auto is relatively small. As you can see, their growth rate will be very high. It's about 34% in IT OLED market and 35% in auto OLED. It's very promising, I think. Firstly, in 2019, we just launched the laptop with OLED display. We still just extended our scope and field in IT area. We are preparing those kind of four key technologies to extend our area in IT field. The first one is the larger mother glass, higher luminance and longer lifetime, variable frequency, and slim and light display. I'm going to explain one by one. Samsung Display just announced that we're going to invest the Gen 8.6, the glass for the IT business. The current existing lines consist of the Gen 4.5 and 5.5 and Gen 6. If we just operate the Gen 8.6 mother glass, the glass efficiency is much higher than the previous one. Process cost will be much lower. It just affects if the display size would be bigger and bigger, this performance, the efficiency will be higher too. Next, the high luminance and longer lifetime. Especially the IT market, compared to the smartphone market, we need the higher luminance and the longer lifetime. To do that, we are developing the tandem structure. The tandem structure is the strategy that forms the dual OLED layers in series. You can think of it as two batteries being placed in series. It makes the display much brighter and much longer lifetime. We're also working on the backplane technology that supports variable frequency. As you may know, the amorphous silicon backplane is used for the LCD in feature phone. For smartphone, the LTPS backplane, the low-temperature polysilicon backplane should be needed because it needs the higher mobility. Nowadays, the HOP, it means Hybrid Oxide Polysilicon. HOP is adapted in the high-end smartphone to give both the advantage of the LTPS and oxide. Finally, just in IT business, because the monitor is bigger and bigger, and oxide technology is essential, we believe. We have been proved that the oxide technology could be adapted in IT market. It's about to adapt in IT, the product. In slim and light, the conventional LCD displays consist of the color filter glass, TFT glass, and BLUs. If you just convert it to the OLED, the rigid OLED especially, we don't need the BLU, just it's much lighter and much slimmer than the LCD. Even if you just to do, to get the lighter and the slimmer the display panel, we just eliminate encap glass. Instead of that, we use the thin film encapsulations. We call it the UT technology. This technology will be adapted in the IT business soon. Also, finally, in IT, the market IT displays also just we are considering the full flexible, the OLED could be applied for the higher-end market. Next, our auto technology and auto markets. Our auto products made their debut with the adoption of the e-mirror to the European company in 2018. Also just we extended the scope with the PID, RSE technology, and finally, the curved and round display. PID means the passenger information display, and RSE stands for the rear seat entertainment. I'm going to explain it more. Despite a low OLED adoption in auto display market, we are dedicated to carve out a new OLED market by catering to customer needs. Those are the three technologies you can see here. The seamless display and switchable the privacy mode and SHI technology. I'm going to explain one by one. The seamless display. You may know that as display area in the car is getting larger, that means that the front dashboard, CID and PID are seamlessly incorporated into a single large panel. To this end, we've been developing a technology that attaches multiple panels to one large cover glass, and flexible technology will also be needed to fit into the various form factors. In privacy mode. The PIDs are becoming available for more and more cars, and due to a wide viewing angle, the PID screen can inadvertently be seen by the driver. It interferes with the driving and breaching the passenger's privacy. To address the issues, we have employed the privacy mode that uses LCF to make a narrow viewing angle. Also we've been developing a technology that can switch between wide and narrow viewing angles. The SHI tech. The SHI tech is not the new one. It's kind of used as a slidable display and rollable display. This tech is the feature that can be made less visible when not in use and is often used for rear seat entertainment. This new technology will let consumers tailor their car interior design to their needs. Last, the microdisplay. Okay. Please note that the definition of a metaverse can vary. The XR is short for the extended reality. The XR just includes the VR, AR, and MR. The first, VR, the virtual reality, it relies on the 3 60- degree videos to create an immersive virtual world. The display devices seem like the goggles. It's kind of bulky to give the immersive images. AR, augmented reality, it provides the real world with the digital information overlay. The real world remains central to the experience and then enhanced by the visual details. The users should see the real world. The display should be light and transparent. Finally, the MR, mixed reality. It's kind of newly proposed. It's regarded as a kind of interim, but nowadays people think it could be the mainstream. The mixed reality is the device, the real and the virtual sides, they intertwine each other. It could be the personal TV, then it provides lots of the values to the users. What's the requirement? What's the required features of the microdisplay? The key point is that one is the higher resolution, and the other is higher luminance. Please imagine that seeing the image on TV, sitting on the couch, and seeing the same image up close on your smartphone. As the displays come near and near to eye, the display should be the higher resolutions. If you think about the microdisplays, if it's used in the outdoor circumstances, it should be the very high luminance needs. The optical system in microdisplay, the efficiency is very low. I'm going to explain more of this next. That's why the microdisplay needs the key features, which is much higher resolution and much higher luminance. If you can imagine that the smartphone, the highest resolution would be 500 or even 800 PPI. PPI means the pixel per inch. For the microdisplay, the resolution should be more than 5,000 or 6,000 PPI. To get that, we cannot reach that kind of high resolution with the glass technology. We need the semiconductor technology. That's why we have to develop the silicon-based backplane technology. The organic material, the OLED materials, there's some limit to give that higher luminance. For example, to reach higher luminance, the inorganic material should be adapted, such as LED. To develop the microdisplay, a new paradigm should be adapted. One is the silicon backplane, and the other is inorganic materials. With those technologies, we can think that those kinds of type of microdisplay, micro-OLED and micro-LED. It can be called that if it uses the silicon backplane, we call it OLED-on-silicon and LED-on-silicon. The low-end microdisplay, or for watch applications, we can use the glass backplane technology because it's not that requires such a higher PPI. Let me explain a little bit more. The SDC, here are some of the technologies that are tied to microdisplay in preparation for a new paradigm shift. Circuit integration, the compact optical system, high luminances, LED transfer, especially for the micro LED technology, LED transfer and wafer-to-wafer bonding is needed. First, circuit integrations. As I mentioned earlier, the silicon backplane technology has to be developed for higher resolutions. Under the conventional glass backplane, pixel, transistor, and gate drivers are integrated, source driver and power, then others, TCON, are tested in the form of the components. We call it IC. For the microdisplay, we have to develop the new circuit technology to realize a complete circuit integration once the silicon backplane is ready. Compact optical system. To make the virtual images for the microdisplay, we need some optical systems. For the VR, currently, many players use the pancake lens. Again, the pancake is very low light efficiency and very bulky and heavy. It's very important for us to develop the kind of light and higher efficiency optical systems. The light efficiencies for the pancake is around 10%. That's kind of theoretically just the upper limit. Also for the AR, if you imagine the Google Glass or the AR glasses, the waveguide should be needed. The waveguide's light efficiency is one digit. It's about just 1%-3%. That's why we need the higher luminance as your display side. Also, we have developed the more efficient optical systems. That's kind of the examples. Again, for the outdoor uses and the lower the light efficiency in optical systems, microdisplays needs much higher the luminance. For the OLEDs, currently, this white OLED technology is trying to be adapted. Finally, the RGB OLED technology should be adapted for the OLEDs because it can give much higher the light efficiency. To do that, we need the new technology, just using the silicon technology to make the metal mask. Here, there's a fine pattern mask. Again, we have to achieve more than 5,000 PPIs. It's very challenging. LED efficiency, currently, if you think that LED can give very high luminance, but as you can see in the graph here, if the LED size comes down under the 10 micrometers, the efficiency decrease dramatically. To be adapted in AR and watch, the size should be under the 10 micrometers. That's one of the biggest challenges when we regard the LED in microdisplay. Definitely, this is just working on the technology. Finally, in the LED technology, LED should be transferred from the wafer to the glass backplane or the wafer-to-wafer bonding is needed. If you think about the 8K display, the number of transfer should be 100 billion times, okay? It's very costly, and it takes a lot of time. A lot of technology should be tried by using the lasers and fluids and other stamps just to less the take time and the cost. On the other hand, it requires very high accuracy. Again, as you can see, you can imagine in this, the higher resolutions. Okay, it's almost there. We announced that we merged eMagin, the U.S. company, for OLEDoS, the market. We announced about in May, then recently just closed the deal. The eMagin is the number one microdisplay technology they have. I expect that it's a very big synergies between the two companies work together. Okay. In conclusion, we, SDC, will cover all sides of display. We are mainly just focused on the smartphone, lastly, we just jumped into the TV application. We are extending our business to IT, auto, and monitor. Also, again, the VR, AR market too. Samsung, as the total display makers, we try to cover all the sides of the display panels. We'll be leading the market in all the applications. Okay, this is the last slide. In summary, you can see the market condition, our display market condition here. The smartphone, the OLED penetration rate is currently about 89%, and it will increase up to 94% in 2028. Similarly, in tablet, note, the IT market, the OLED penetration rate will be increased dramatically from six to 40% or 48%. TV also. Not only that, we are trying to extend our business scope to the smartwatch and auto and the XR application. These markets are growing very rapidly. We are pursuing some opportunity in that area too. Finally, the SDC just will cover all the application and would like to lead everything. Thank you. Hello, everyone. It's really nice to see you here, and it's really an honor for me to explain about Samsung CX-MDE strategies. The division that I belong is under DX, and then so CX-MDE Center, and it's very recently a formed center. We have started these businesses actually from last year. It's only less than two years. It's really great that why then Samsung is so much focused on CX-MDE. Actually, I'm pretty sure that most of you guys are not really aware of what this CX-MDE means. Let me first explain about what's a CX-MDE. I'm pretty sure that you have heard about CX. CX means customer experiences. In our divisions like mobile and VD, we used to have the product planning, which was more like a planning organization, focusing on developing the product, right? We recently changed all of our organization's name from product planning to CX. Why is it so? That's because the most important thing is how users are using our product and what kind of really good customer experiences that we can bring. CX becomes really important. What is MDE? We have many different divisions like mobile and video and also the home appliances. Nowadays, people are using multiple devices. By combining all those devices, they are actually implementing these connected devices into their actual life. We really believe that all this is a real-time and opportunity that Samsung make differentiations by leveraging our multiple devices. Since this is a CX-MDE session, I first want to talk about why then CX-MDE is important to the customers. Why did Samsung become a pioneer of these CX-MDE business opportunities? What's the real needs and then wishes of the customer's expectation regarding the CX-MDE? Based on these customers' needs, we came up with a CX-MDE vision, and also we came up with some very nice, interesting ideas that we today will talk about the future of the Samsung, right? How these CX-MDE experiences can benefit the future of Samsung businesses. That will be my conclusion. How do customers change their lives, and how do they really perceive these CX-MDEs more like a very important value? Within the recent studies that we had internally, we found out that the user experiences across multiple devices become the number 1 regional brand innovation factors. When they're talking about the brand innovation for companies like Samsung, they believe that these multiple device experiences are the far most important. Obviously, we are selling many different brands. For one customer, even if he or she is the mobile customer, we wish she or him to also purchase other product like TVs and also home appliances. Why then this MD is really important? Controlling multiple smart home appliances with one app, which is like revolutionary process, will become a key issues of customers to choosing the same brand. That's why CX MD is so important to Samsung. Previously we are more like a product focus, now everything is customer focus, their experience is first. Within our recent study, we found out that about twice more people actually have Samsung account, are having multiple devices of Samsung brand. About the average, our users have average of more than four devices per person. Especially in U.S. area, we kind of surveyed how many connected devices you have at home. We found out that from the previous 10-11 devices, now more than 20 devices they have at their home with the connected devices. It's very fascinating. Why then Samsung has advantages of having these CX MD scenarios? That's because Samsung is a top brand, which has all those kinds of a variety of the range of the connected product lineup, including mobile, VD, and also all those digital appliances. We have a very strong digital platform called SmartThings. Probably you guys are aware that we continuously have the number one positioning in VD for more than 10 years. Even for the mobile and home appliance divisions, in terms of the varieties and in terms of the already sold connected devices, we are far most the number one in global. It's not just the connected devices. Number isn't really important, but what kind of value can we bring to the customers? Actually, this is the experiences. How do we understand the customer's experiences? With the connected apps and also connected services that we provide to the customers, which is preloaded to the devices, we kind of guess what kind of lifestyle and what kind of needs they want to have at their home life. It's really important. The example that I show you is just a vacuum cleaner. What kind of user benefits can we get out of these usage datas? It's not just the number of times that you use. Actually, we can understand the footages of our customers' cleaning habits, in which time and in which condition. All those kind of various conditions that we understand, we can provide the very different and very fresh ideas and values to the customers. Okay. Everybody will kind of wonder, if you understand those kind of device activities and by understanding that, if you can kind of guess the customer's lifestyle, what about the privacy and security? Obviously, with Samsung, privacy and security is the far most important factors. Since we have very designated technologies called a Knox Vault, which means that not only the softwares, but in terms of the hardware for all of our connected devices, we have a very high-end security solution. Many top government agencies around the whole world, actually, they have certified Knox as a most valuable security solution. If you have more than one devices, the more devices that you have, actually, the more security levels and privacy levels that we can provide. Because even at home, without connecting to the cloud, with the edge cloud among the multiple devices, we can very clearly enhance the technologies of security and privacy. This is an interview of- Hi, guys. It's Sonny here Probably you guys are aware of Sonny. We have interviewed him and then asked him- Yeah, to be honest, I'm not- after using the Samsung SmartThings. very good when it comes to church or pastor. What's the benefit for him in terms of the value of the SmartThings? It's actually what he's doing. Like a SmartThings hub. when he's not having game at home. I easily got my home under control. To save energy just like this. It's not just when you're at home. Actually, when you are outside of the home. It's super simple. you can manage so many things. It's easy. SmartThings. He clearly defined the definition of SmartThings. It's so easy, right? It should be very easy. For if even if you are not a technology geek, it's actually you need to use it without any effort. That's possible with automatic connections. For if you purchase Samsung devices, then if you are a member of Samsung, actually all the devices that you purchase will be automatically connected to your system. Also, in between different devices and apps, when we try to use the mobilities and the locations, the experience that you have must be continued. It needs to be easy to transfer, we need to provide the continuous experiences. All those kind of usages of your devices, if you're moving from the A to B, actually you need to have the consistent experiences. That's really important. Also, everyone's lifestyle is different. That's why we need to personalize the experiences and then tailor the experiences, which is rightly fit into your lifestyle. We understand the customer's needs. Based on these customer's needs, we have recently announced the vision of CX-MDE. As I've previously mentioned before, CX-MDE's vision is the more you own and use the Samsung devices, there's a whole wide range of the devices. It starts from your very personal mobile devices to even variety of the home appliances, which is located to all different position of your house. The devices get smarter, and then it can understand you better, so that they become in making your life much richer and simpler and more enjoyable. With this kind of benefit, what can we do? Actually, it could increase our customers' desire for their lifestyle. Here is the key. We used to have different customers for the mobile, different customers for the TV, and different customers for the home appliances. Once users are using our same branded devices in much smarter way, actually, we really want to have them to have bond with the Samsung more closely, emotionally, and not only our customers, but even to their extended families. We want them to be the part of the Samsung family. It will provide the personalized experiences tailored to your lifestyle, to you, and also to your family. Under this vision, we very carefully defined the experience area. When people are thinking about SmartThings, they only think it as more like a home management. Saving your energy, of course, is really important. Security and also the usabilities is really important. With all these kind of conditions, what do you do at home? Actually, you enjoy your lifestyle. You listen to the music, you're watching movies, and then you're also playing games. At the same time at home, actually probably after the pandemic era, I'm pretty sure that you're still working very hard at home, and also your kids also need to have the learning experiences at home, also virtually. On this kind of very changed environment, I think Samsung CX-MDE can bring much benefit to the customers, and also keeping your health is really important at home. Samsung has a different way of defining the health and also the care for the loved ones. It's not only for yourself, it's also for your families. It's really important that we need to focus on care area and also the health areas. Today let me just briefly focus on this care area and health area. What's the definition of Samsung's care? It's an experience where my devices and things work together so that it could keep everyone I care for safe, healthy, and connected. It includes everyone. It includes your parent, the senior, and also your kids. At the same time, if you have families with some discomfort, we also included all those family members with these inclusive experiences. Not least, your lovely dogs and cats. Pets are also the member of Samsung family. What kind of categories can we bring with these care scenarios? It's a preventive care, so that before anything happens, we can alert the situation so that you can be preventive. At the same time, it's a relational care so that you can check in your loved ones, even if you are not at the same places. You can remotely understand your parents' or your kids' conditions, and if anything can happen, you could become the first one to be connected and make sure that everything is safe. That it could lead to the managing care. This is an example of senior care. With this presentation, you will understand why Samsung really wants to keep the role of the caregiver and caretaker. Here at these scenarios, only with the acceptance of your parents, actually she could limit the coverages in order to actually admire her privacy. With all the Samsung devices connected, by understanding the usage of the refrigerators and also other kind of sensors, actually, your family can easily understand of what's going on. It's not just when something has happened. In everyday life, when you are starting the daily life, when you are ending the daily life, all this kind of your situation can be shared with your parents. In emergency, you don't have to actually call. All those kind of emergent situation could be directly connected to your caregiver so that he can actually connect to you without any problem. Does it make sense? Another thing is our health. For us, health means you eat well, you sleep well, you exercise well. Every experience needs to be connected also at the same time. Based on our wide range of the product and health Samsung Food SmartThings apps, we can offer a balanced healthcare solution of, just as I mentioned, sleeping, eating, and exercising. It could provide different experiences. Probably you guys wonder what kind of benefit can Samsung refrigerators or their air conditioners or even TVs can deliver when you are sleeping. I prepared a short video clip. Especially in areas like Hong Kong, in summertime it's very humid. Obviously air condition is must-to-have devices. Sometimes it's noisy, and sometimes a very small but very strong LED light can distract your sleep. Each Samsung device has a controllabilities of even controlling a even small light, but it's really hard to control those functionalities. With our SmartThings engine, if you just set up a very simple mode such as sleep, even a tiny light of your connected devices can be controlled and help you to get sleep well and also be waked well. How we come up with all those kind of valued experience product. We called it sometimes offering. We called it sometimes customer scenarios. We gathered all those kind of needs and also the ideas of CX MD scenarios from many different parts, from our colleagues, from our partners, and also from our third-party vendors. It was more than 1,000 of the applications that we gathered together. We grouped it together, we wanted to test it. Later I will explain about what this CXI Lab means and X Home Suwon means. Those are the facilities that Samsung is operating in Suwon offices. At the same time, we have a local CX MD experience zone in every regional headquarters. There, we have validated all the scenarios, and we made a prioritized, we grouped the similar experience together. For total, we have more than 120 experience products. All those more than 120 products are grouped under the five pillars that I have just mentioned: care, home management, health, enjoyable life, and work and learn. These kind of ideas, some of the scenarios apply to the global level, and some of the ideas apply to the regional levels. I will explain a very interesting ideas of the regional-leveled ideas. Also at the same time, it can be fitted more well into a seasonality season, like Christmas seasons or the spring home cleaning seasons and stuff. We made these scenarios and try to leverage the customers by introducing not only the product but also the customer's experience based on the multi-device. What is then CXI Lab? This is also very recently formed. We have built the place last year. There are so many interesting places. For all those kind of experience zones that I have mentioned, health and gaming and smart work and cooking, actually we gathered not only the Samsung product, but even our competitor's product, and also at the same time our partner's product. They create this place as more like actual living places so that anyone can come and actually find the problems or find the new ideas. There are many new ideas are coming up, all those kind of ideas will be validated in these places. At the same time, we have developed a new facilities called Experience Home. One is in Palo Alto and one is in Suwon. Especially the one in Suwon, actually, we invite many important customers and also our own employees to enjoy all those Samsung connected device experiences. There are about more than 120 devices are connected. There, actually, you can sleep, you can spend your time, they can get some ideas out of those kind of experiences. The regional offices also have the things called Smart Homes. They are using these facilities in many different ways. Those are the examples or the snapshots of the locations that we provide as more like a SmartThings home. Especially on these experience zones, they use these facilities for evaluating the customer's expectation and also getting their feedback. At the same time, our whole employees will have the opportunities of having these hands-on experiences and test not only our devices but also our partners' devices. At the same time, they leverage this place as more like a marketing event and workshop places. Let me just briefly explain about how the regional offices kind of regarded the importance of the scenarios. We collected all those kinds of ideas in each regional level. We found out that energy saving is far the most important in common in all regions. We found out that customers really care about the SmartThings and that they really believe that energy saving is the most important region. Not only the energy saving mode, different by region, actually, they came up with many interesting needs and ideas. For instance, for Korea, actually, they concern so much about their pet care, so that even our Korean office decided to have this pet care as one of the most important strategies by leveraging the CXM regions. North America and Europe, they're interested about this new terminology called care services, which we will greatly announce next year and provide quite unique services. These are the examples of the local ideas. In Europe, actually reducing the electricity could be and then also having this to reflect to energy concern was the far most important needs. Especially in China, I'm pretty sure that the automotive industry is really important in China, the on-device services, by connecting your personal devices with your car and home, was the far most important factors. At the same time, countries like Middle East, actually, they try to enhance their experiences by adopting a new mode called this Prayer Mode or the Zen Mode. I think everyone is wondering, what kind of benefit then can it deliver when you pray? For an example, I will just briefly explain how they developed this product concept, and how they actually implement it to their actual businesses. Obviously, religion is really important for the Muslim customers. There are so many different Muslim kinds, and their way of praying is different by each different religions part. For them, keeping the rules is really important, so that SmartThings can really benefit when they are having this kind of praying time. The same time, they want to keep their home safe by providing this kind of Zen Mode. At the same time, after the Ramadan season, actually one of the biggest problem is to take care of with the leftover food, so they want to wisely manage their leftover food. With all those kind of the actual needs of the customers, we came up with some ideas of the application. This is the example of the Prayer Mode. Concept locally developed, and they partnered with local partners providing the accurate praying time. It's not only touching the regional needs, but actually it touches very emotional scenarios such as care, as you mentioned, or the sustainabilities and accessibility scenarios. All these scenarios are already existing right now, you can find it in Samsung's IoT apps called SmartThings in many different areas. Let me just give you some examples of other fascinating ideas. The first thing is family care. As I previously mentioned, easy to use is really important. How difficult is it to connect multi-devices? Actually, for the first who initiate this, he would need to connect many devices by himself. What about your family? Actually, it doesn't need to be complicated, let me just give you a quick clue. By inviting your family or even your guests or even your kids, you can set up the level of device controllabilities. With this kind of setup and sending the invitation, with one click of the QR scan, your families or your even guests can have easier use the services. This kind of application actually can be used in many different B2B areas like hospitality services like hotels or hospital. You only activate when you are staying there. After you leave the places, every connection will be disconnected. Also, another interesting thing is the usabilities between TV and mobile, if you are under the same account, if you are near to the TV areas, actually even on a lock screen conditions, you will have this prompt, there you can use your device very wisely. You can share your contents, you can mirror your screens, and you can control your TV with many number keys and many different keys. Also, energy is so important. What we try to achieve is try to make a partnership with the energy companies in global and try to provide the customers the chance of actually controlling your whole home energy bills. It's got to be easy to use. Obviously, this is my wish that everyone just uses Samsung devices, but it's not the reality. With this, using the energy meter, actually, this can control also other partners' devices. You can have the whole view of the electricities and wisely manage the bills. With these kind of applications, we use it by introducing it under our IoT apps. Even some markets like U.S. and Korea, they use this for the CRM activities. Means that once our user is purchasing one device, we now have the expectation of what kind of other devices he or she is willing to use or purchase more by researching and analyzing the big data. We currently adopted on our dotcom and also our own stores. Even for TV, it will directly indicate of what kind of benefit you can have by having this TV with IoT hub built in. These are some examples of the materials they use for communicating the SmartThings. We use this, we testimony this importance of the CX-MDE in many different occasions like exhibitions or the conference. Later I will explain is actually on the actual offline shop experiences. With these kind of experiences, how can we benefit it to the future services? I just mentioned that by understanding many connected devices, actually, we can get customers' insight, and we can share some of this customer insight with our partners so that we can make a very strong and a different level of the partnership with them. By partnering with our great partners, actually, we can propose a new business areas, such as not only B2B areas, but also the huge energy sectors or the security sectors or even the health areas, even the entertainment areas. First, let me explain about the retail opportunities. Retail used to be the place that everyone is checking the product, comparing the price, and trying to check whether the product is working well or not. If you really want to see the actual design, then you go to the shop. We want to transform all those retail shops into the place where you can actually have these personal experiences of your lifestyle. We have created a quite interesting site so that you could recommend your interested area, such as energies or sleeping and stuff. After selecting this, you can set up the level of your understanding of the IoT, that we provide the experiences product, what you can enjoy by having our product and our partner's product. It will lead directly into our partner website or even the things that you can purchase at the retail shop. Once we developed it and then launched it in our dotcom, then also in exhibition, many of our partners, best partners, they really want to exploit this kind of application at their retail shop. The current one is only directly connected to our D2C shop. Obviously they want to sell their product, so it needs to be tailored in each retail mode so that it can be extended to even not only our shops, but also our partner shop. We are developing this system, by next year, I think not only Samsung shop, but even shops in your neighborhood can have this kind of experience zone. This is the first shop that we employ this experience zone. It's the first experience shop launched in Korea actually last week. For our loved investors, actually, I visited there and then recorded a small experiences. Why don't we take a small look? I took it with my own mobile. There with a QR, you understand where the experience zone is. There, you can choose your interested area. For her, I think she's interested about energy and pet. It provide the examples of what you can do with these pet scenarios. Actually it lists what kind of items you need to purchase to have these experiences. At the shop, actually, you can purchase not only the Samsung product but also the Samsung partners product. There you can test, you can control the pet feeders. With your leave, don't worry to your kids because your kid will play around with the Samsung TV. At the same time, when you try to leave, actually, you can set the mood quite easily. Also for your pet care, this kind of pet painting could become a perfect solution. With all those kind of our initiative and efforts, we have strengthened our partnership. There are now more than 300 brands which is partnered with us on the SmartThings app. At the same time, it includes more than 3,000 devices. These 3,000 devices used to be sold online or in very limited shop areas. By enhancing with Samsung, actually, this kind of product and services, and values of their services can be appealed to not only Samsung shop, but also the partner shops. I have mentioned about the new business opportunities. Obviously, in terms of the scale, energy saving, and then this security automated related home management is the far most interesting sectors. Not only that, we will lead all those kind of application and transform it into the B2B ideas so that we will enhance our B2B total offering services. As I've mentioned before, the senior care, once we develop these scenarios, it can be connected to a scenario such as more like a telecare marketing, and also many different segments of the healthcare domains. Not only that, even for the music and game, changing your places to a different level of experience is far most important. Even today, we are partnering with so many IoT things partners, so that when you're playing game and when you are listening to the music or when you do the partying, actually not only the Samsung product, but with our partners product and our solution, they can enhance their experiences much better. Let me just briefly explain a few cases of energy saving partnership and also the security automation partnerships. This energy saving mode. Actually, with this kind of solution, with our Samsung Energy AI solutions, we try to employ it in more wide ranges with a more wide service coverage, so that currently we cover about 68 countries, but by next year, we want to expand it to more than 100 countries. Especially countries like U.S. and Korea, we call DR service. DR service means Demand Response service. What that means is that actually all of your devices are connected to the energy meter, and this energy meter information will be shared into your electricity companies so that you can control your electricity bills, especially in energy-saving time. Actually, it's really important that you manage your energy use in much detail so that you can save money. With these new solutions like solar power energy systems, with a variety of solution providers, because there are so many different solution providers in the world for the solar energy, we try to enhance our technologies or partnering with these kind of solutions. Another thing is home management. ABB is one of our very important partners. We jointly participated a government project such as, I'm pretty sure that you guys are aware of NEOM project in Saudi Arabia. We participate this project together and became the foremost important first partner for this project. At the same time, with the same ABB in different regional offices like Sweden, there was a huge rural area development project. We also participated, and they made a huge success. Not only that, with our local partners like Aqara or, they are more like very important partners. We try to extend our business coverage to consultation services, installation services, and retail services. It's more like a win-win because for them, the coverage of the retail becomes a problem, and for us, this kind of consultation services and installation services was more like new areas. By partnering this, both our partners and Samsung can expand our business coverage. As I've mentioned, according to our vision, the more you own and use Samsung devices, actually, the smarter the devices become. They make your life much better and richer. It applies to our new business areas. The more enhanced experience that we provide, actually, we can empower our customers the more, and also it will help us to move into the expanded ecosystem. This is my presentation, and if you have any questions about Samsung CX-MDE strategies, then I'll be more than happy to answer. Okay, 3:00. Okay. Hello, everyone. My name is Harry Yoon, memory marketing in Samsung Electronics. Actually, when we talk about memory solutions for AI application, most people just recall HBM is the only memory solution for AI. But as you know, that's not true. There are many and also various technologies and solutions for AI application. Today, actually, I'm very happy to introduce Samsung's leading new technologies and solutions for AI application. I'd like to elaborate on the innovations that we are making along with this to create a new future. First, let's watch a video clip for AI expansion in our lives. Okay, what do you think? As you saw in the video, AI is already all around us. It is expanding by the minute. Behind these AI revolutions, there have been enormous improvements in fundamental technologies. Computation capabilities have grown dramatically. AI models are becoming increasingly sophisticated and advanced. As a result, services like ChatGPT have come out. Generative AI has rapidly become the new paradigm in our lives. Stories about generative AI are flourishing in the media. Numerous AI services are emerging to be our next big thing in AI. Without a doubt, we can say it is the AI Big Bang. Through the AI Big Bang, AI will fundamentally transform every aspect of our lives. It will make us more productive at work. It will make our lives at home more convenient and enjoyable. It will also completely change the areas of healthcare and manufacturing. With generative AI, we can be anything we want. A novelist, a graphic designer, or a composer. Anything, you name it. How cool is that? These possibilities are just the tip of the iceberg. I believe the changes that are yet to come will go beyond our current imagination. The current AI innovations and services have started in cloud. They will soon penetrate into other platforms, like edge devices and automotive. These devices are starting to be equipped with computing and memory capabilities sufficient for serving AI models on their own. This trend will drive requirements for memory and storage as well. As my main focus today, I will explain the trends and requirements for each of these three platforms. Okay. First, let's look at the cloud. Data centers are the central part of AI services. ChatGPT, Bard, and Bing Chat are all services that are provided through data centers. What are the major concerns for these service providers? As you may already know, providing these services is extremely expensive. TCO is the number 1 concern. In addition, there are increasingly more concerns related to multi-tenancy, QoS, security, power, and thermal. Let's look a little more deeply at the memory system and see how the system drives memory requirement. Simply speaking, what memory has to do is to supply the parameters of an AI model. What storage has to do is to supply training data. That's it. Is it all it does? Very simple, isn't it? When it comes to supplying billions of parameters and tons of training data in a short time, it becomes an extremely complicated task. It is not only complicated, but also very important because memory performance becomes the bottleneck of the whole system. Our new era of AI-driven memory world has started. Without high bandwidth and density, you cannot fully utilize the expensive GPU you paid for. No bang for your buck. Ironically, buying the fastest and largest memory in the market will drive the whole TCO down. As a result, the AI-driven requirements for memory are growing at an unprecedented rate. DDR memory bandwidth has increased exponentially. The amount of HBM in the server market is growing fast. The need for higher capacity and lower power are greater than ever. Based on these requirements, we have innovated our product. First, we have developed a DDR5 32-gigabit product, the first of its kind in the industry. We are currently sending out samples to our customers. It has the largest mono- die density and can support 128-gigabyte high-capacity modules without using TSV. This means these 128-gigabyte modules will be available at a more attractive price. They are just what you have been waiting for. With TSV, on the other hand, the DDR5 can support modules of up to 1 terabyte, which is a density you've never seen ever. In addition, it offers 7.2 Gbps, which marks a 50% improvement compared to the previous generation. To extend performance and capacity further, we have developed an MRDIMM product. It is an innovative solution that can support twice the capacity and performance over the existing RDIMM. The first generation of MRDIMM will offer 8.8 Gbps, while the second generation will offer 12.8 Gbps. This makes it a suitable solution for high-performance computing and AI applications. Next, we developed the HBM3E, which we adopt as a Shinebolt. Compared to existing HBM3 products, the bandwidth and capacity have been improved by more than 50%. It offers bandwidth of up to 1,250 GB/s and density of up to 36 GB per cube with Samsung's 12-high technology. As the name implies, it will shed the light our shared journey into the future of AI. The last on my list of server DRAMs is the GDDR7. This product is another one that we have developed as an industry first, and it offers the fastest performance speed of up to 32 Gbps with a 20% improvement in power efficiency. Now, I'm going to move over to server SSDs. The PM1743, which we are already mass producing, is the industry's first PCIe Gen 5, 16-channel server SSD. It offers roughly twice the performance of the previous generation with a 40% improvement in power efficiency. Our advanced security telemetry and multi-tenancy features make the product an optimal storage solution for high-performance computing and AI servers. This year, we newly added a key server SSD product into our lineup. It is an 8-channel PCIe Gen 5 SSD. With our groundbreaking controller design, it brings remarkable improvements of 1.8 times in performance and 1.6 times in power efficiency. We are also investing a lot to explore all kinds of path-finding avenues, from incremental and sustaining to radical and disruptive. We are on course to be the industry's first provider of products that use next-generation interfaces like DDR6, HBM4, and PCIe 6.0. All these technologies will help to provide the bandwidth requirements of the future. We are exploring the prospects of utilizing new interfaces like CXL and D2D, and even memory-on-logic to enable the shortest reach interfaces. We are also actively exploring radical and disruptive technologies such as custom HBM, processing in memory, and smart SSD. These technologies have the potential to dramatically improve performance and power, thereby lowering the memory wall. Next is on-device AI. On-device AI is also a very interesting topic these days. Please allow me to cover the technology trends, memory requirements, and solutions regarding edge devices. The need for on-device AI is driven by the pursuit of personalization, better security, high performance, and lower cost. This will eventually improve the user experience and bring benefits to service providers and device manufacturers. AI systems in edge devices will store multiple AI models. Each and every model will be tailored to a specific function it performs. Chatbots, image generation, document summarization, and photo editing are examples of such functions. Let's suppose I want to see a portrait of a cat painted by Van Gogh. Upon my request, the model first must be loaded to memory in less than a second, otherwise, it will take my patience to the brink. Then it must be supplied to the computation unit from memory with high bandwidth to make the picture pop out right away. In that aspect, do you know what the problem is here? Given the performance of existing memory and storage, this requirement creates a specific limitation for the size of the model, and therefore, the accuracy of the result. Okay. The requirement just mentioned strongly demands high performance of nearly 100 GB/s for memory and 10 GB/s for storage. It also makes the device very hungry for capacity and power. It warrants high-capacity and low-power memory and storage. Here is what Samsung Memory is preparing to offer for edge devices. Okay. The first is the LPDDR5X. We are developing a new LPDDR5X product that supports a per pin speed of 9.6 Gbps and bandwidth of 76.8 GB/s. We are planning to mass production in next year. In addition, we utilized advanced High-K Metal Gate technology, which improves 30% in power efficiency compared to the previous generation. We also provide LPDDR5X in the form of LPCAMM. The low-power nature of LPDDR and the detachable form factor will come in very handy for PCs. We are currently sampling the first version of LPCAMM for the first time in the industry. This product supports performance of up to 120 GB/s, and it is expected to present a new paradigm in the PC market. We also offer LLW, which stands for Low Latency Wide I/O DRAM. It is especially designed to provide ultra-high performance of 128 GB/s at an extremely low power of 1.2 picojoule per bit, which is 70% lower than even the LPDDR5. It is a perfect solution for running an AI model that requires an almost instant response. An XR device is such an example, and we expect to find more applications in the course of ushering in on-device AI. UFS 5.0 standardization is expected to take place in the first half of 2027. Ahead of this, we are preparing to provide a 4-lane UFS 4.0 product. Usually, UFS 4.0 is using 2 lane. These are 4-lane devices, has a sequential read speed of up to 8.4 GB/s. This will enable the fast loading of AI models required in flagship smartphones. We are also preparing PC SSD solution for the AI era. Samsung's first PCIe Gen 5 PC SSD is lined up to be released next year, and it will double the sequential read performance and improve power efficiency by 33% compared to the previous generation. Just like in the server segment, we are also exploring many different path-finding avenues for edge devices. Our goal include not only being the industry's first provider of product with LPDDR6 and UFS 5.0 interfaces, but also pioneering system in package and processing in memory solutions for future AI requirement. Okay. Now, we have reached the time to discuss the future of AI in automotive. Today's autonomous driving technology has arrived at Level 3, as you well know. At this level, you can take your feet off the pedals and hands off the wheel at your own risk. The standard hardware requirement for this level is around 24 TOPS. To achieve Level 5 and offer the full self-driving capabilities that everyone has dreamed of, the number has to increase to more than 1,000 TOPS. This is a huge jump from what we currently have. Okay. The desire for Level 5 self-driving and advancement in entertainment systems will eventually drive memory requirements as high as a few thousand gigabyte per second for bandwidth and a few hundred gigabyte for capacity. This is three to four times more than what we currently have. To meet the future demands of the automotive industry, Samsung will provide a diverse portfolio of automotive-grade products. First, the industry's first LPDDR5X in a 561-ball package is under development. It will only be half the size of the existing 441-ball package. We will release this product by the first half of 2024. In addition, we are planning to launch an auto-grade SSD with an SR-IOV feature and an auto-grade GDDR7 in 2024 and 2025 respectively, which fulfill the demands of our customers' need. Far is that I covered all our technologies and solutions for cloud, server, edge devices, and automotive applications. As you see this slide, we all know that there are tremendous challenges ahead of us, and the problems we are facing are incredibly complex. These challenges often they stretch across multiple dimensions and cannot be resolved with an isolated approach. Such complexity necessitates a great deal of collaboration in which diverse talent comes together to tackle the issue from multiple angles. We are working to partner with many entities in both industry and academia to find solutions together. At last, when I talk to my friends and colleagues, I often say we are at an inflection point where we have to face the unknown. However, with strong collaboration and partnerships together, we can transform uncertainty into opportunity. Let's get together and leap into the future. Thank you. Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining us today. My name is Gibong Jeong. I'm leading business development at Samsung Foundry. We live in the era of generative AI and accelerated computing. That's what Jensen Huang from NVIDIA said this year. I'd like to add one more thing, near memory computing. That's closer to more reality. In other words, the computing paradigm is shifting. Samsung Foundry and AVP. AVP stands for Advanced Packaging. We form a new organization called AVP. We make customers' computing ideas to reality. As a matter of fact, Samsung has very unique competitive advantage. I call it GDP. G stands for GAA, D, DRAM, P, advanced packaging. To make innovative AI device or network switch device, you need three key enabling technology. That's what GDP stand for. Advanced node processes, DRAM, high bandwidth memory, and packaging. Samsung has all three, and I think that's very unique. Only one company in the world today. That's not what I said. Several customers approach to us and show their ideas to us. Can you make them? I ask them, "Why did you come to us?" That's exactly what they say, "Because you guys have all three." You need all three to make innovative devices they want to make. Today's, the theme of my talk is that the synergy between our GAA and DRAM and advanced packaging technologies will ensure innovative computing devices for our customers, including AI. This is the agenda. Let me start with business updates. Our revenue surpassed $18 billion last year and continued to rise. $18 billion is not a big money, but still second in foundry ranking. It might change if the American, the U.S. company, join this foundry business, but we are number two today. Our customers increased more than doubled or triples since we break out in year 2017. Then it will increase more than five times five years from now. In 2005, Samsung entered the foundry businesses and played a pivotal role in pioneering in FinFET technology. Our significant milestones include initiating mass producing using 14-nanometer process in year 2015, which led to the widespread adoption of FinFET technology in the world back then. Building on the success in FinFET, we established the independent business unit in year 2017, spin-off into independent business unit. That's where I belong. We achieved another industry first by implementing EUV lithography in our 7-nanometer. That was the first time. A lot of you know, guys, that one of the choke points of supply chain of semiconductor, that's EUV from ASML. We were the first to use that in semiconductor manufacturing. Once again, we became the first GAA, gate-all-around manufacturer last year, last June. This year, as I said, we introduce AVP, advanced packaging organization. It is advanced packaging business team. Today, I'm gonna talk about foundry and AVP's growth potential. Okay. Let me begin with the manufacturing sites. Samsung Foundry offer foundry services across U.S. and Korea. In South Korea, we operate several fab, 8-inch, 12-inch, including legacy and advanced nodes. In U.S., we have a 12-inch fab in Austin. It's called S2. It's operating more than 10 years. After eight years of stable operation, we have enjoyed experience with experience curve effect with FinFET. Our 40-nanometer FinFET is mass produced in Austin, Texas. We are currently constructing a new manufacturing facility in Taylor, Texas, with production expected to commence in late 2024, which is next year. Okay. Let me move on to the market opportunity. This will be very interesting. This is not company's vision. It's more of a my story. How do I see these things? Let's see. Look at these two curves. The lower curve illustrates the foundry market success. The annual growth on average 11% from year 2000 to 2028. That growth rate exceeded that of the overall semiconductor market. The semiconductor market, about the same time period, grows only 4%, and reaching around $600 billion last year. In contrast, foundry market is only a part of the semiconductor market, will grow 11%. Last year, it's around $134 billion. It will grow $187 billion, year 2028. This means as time goes on, the importance of the foundry within the semiconductor ecosystem is getting bigger and bigger. That's why you guys are here. In Korea, ordinary people know about the foundry. That was not there last year. Okay. Let me look at the more details. In 2028, the projected revenue in the foundry is $187 billion. If you break down into the segment, the automotive sector and HPC sector stand out as the fastest-growing segments. In 2022, HPC sector represent $40 billion out of $134 billion, 2022, and projected growth on annual rate of 12%. Meanwhile, the automotive sector, last year, only a $5 billion market, but it will grow. It doesn't say any absolute value, but with a growth rate of 17%. Those two segments are the target segments of Samsung Foundry and AVP, and that's where the computing paradigm shift is happening today. The growth of both HPC and automotive sector is driven by the rising demand for advanced computing. Advanced computing is integral to the AI accelerators, in-vehicle infotainment system, autonomous driving semiconductor. Okay. I like these pictures. The computing events is drawn from 1980s or 1970s until 2040. If you look at the words at the top, centralized, distributed, centralized, decentralized. It seems that the idea of the history repeating itself applies to the computing as well. Before the 1990s, I guess most of you guys are too young to remember those guys, the IBM mainframe computer were the norm, and it represent centralized computing. However, in the 1990s, distributed network, decentralized networks were prevalent, driven by the need for scalable, resilient, and decentralized solutions. It leveraged the growing popularity of personal computers, the internet back then. Again, 2010, centralized computing came back with the rise of cloud computing and big data analytics. Centralized computing suits AI technology like deep learning, GPT, which requires substantial computation power and memory. However, experts predict the resurgence of decentralized computing because we need secure, private, and low-latency solution even for AI. As many body says, on-device AI, edge devices. That's why we are talking about that. Jensen said two trends are emerging at once, generative AI and accelerated computing. The computing paradigm is shifting toward, what I say, decentralized edge device plus energy-efficient computing and near memory computing. I'm going to explain what does it mean later. Samsung Foundry, Memory, AVP, we bring customers' computing ideas into reality. The synergies between GAA and wide I/O, high bandwidth, DRAM, and advanced packaging will make their dreams, their ideas reality. Let me begin with data center. What do they have? What kind of concern they have? Number one is energy. The HPC industry within the HPC sector, the data centers. I'm sorry. The significant energy consumption of data centers poses one of the most urgent challenges we must tackle as a semiconductor industry. The significant energy consumption data centers raise environmental concerns with projections suggesting, if you look at the numbers, fourfold increase from 2012 to 2028, from 0.4 to 1.6. The IEA. If you look at the IEA World Energy Outlook 2022 report by the IEA, they proposed a net zero emission by 2050 roadmap. If you look at that roadmap, it accounts for the increased electrical power generation through more power generation factory. It predicts without any further policies intervention, government intervention, data center energy use may surpass electrical power generation by 2028. A lot of people are concerned because today data centers are in the advanced countries where more and more people develop underdeveloped companies. In third world, more and more data center will be constructed there, and the energy consumption will increase if you don't do anything politically. Let me take an example. This is the ChatGPT. How do we make one data center to provide a sub-second response time? What do you need? It requires significant computing power to run large language model. It runs GPU chip, today is H100 NVIDIA, with big die size, almost over the 100 sq mm per die, per chip, and each consumes, they call it TDP, thermal design power, peak 700 W. To make it work, you have to put in eight GPU into one module. They call it server PCI Express card module, the eight module. To support one sub-second response time, you need around 20,000 servers. If you multiply one, eight, 20,000 in terms of cost, H100 is around $25,000. That card is $25,000. If you multiply all those number, it become $4 billion just for the hardware cost. $4 billion to support ChatGPT sub-second response. In terms of power, if you multiply 700 W with this, you need more than 100-MW data center. We're talking about 100 MW of power consumption plus $4 billion hardware cost. We should do something. That's why there are a lot of opportunities arising. Some people want cheaper chips, some people want more energy efficient hardware, and that's where we are headed. Interestingly, similar things happen in the automotive. The automotive industry also seeking advanced computing solutions that offer even higher performance and energy efficiency. Why energy efficiency? Today, vehicles, if you look at this is the generation of EE, electrical electronic architecture. Today is around the third generation is mainstream. Vehicles rely on 7,200 distributed ECU, engine control units, all over the place in your car. Manage the function such as drivetrain, connectivity, infotainment, body, and comfort. In the fifth generation, we are headed. Oh, by the way, in the middle, we call it domain centralized. All of those ECUs are classified according to functions. The jargon is domain. For example, drivetrain-related circuit will be assembled. Connectivity is assembled onto one single domain. In the middle stage, it will be centralized to the domain. We call it domain centralized. Eventually, the fifth generation central compute units will consolidate this function into one and link to the control unit sensor actuator through zone gateway. Why do you do that? By doing that, you can get economy of scale. You can do a software-defined vehicle because let's think about it. Let's assume that you want to update the software for each ECUs. It's impossible today. If you consolidate it into one high-speed CPU, you can do over-the-air updates of your software. This central compute architecture will open the way for software-defined vehicle. That's why the fifth generation is the way. All these car companies are heading, led by the Tesla. By doing that, you can save the weight, too. Today, those ECU have a wire, bunch of wire. In terms of length, on average 5,000 ft, on average 30 kg-50 kg, just for wires. By going that direction, the wire will be much simpler. Use a high speed like Ethernet or dedicated high-speed cable. By doing that, you can save weight. Demand for energy-efficient computing is primarily fueled by the development of autonomous driving. The journey, the left-hand corner is the 5 levels of autonomous, I think. Level 1, I think you already heard of it. Level 1 is basic driver assistance, and Level 2, feet off the gas or brake. Level 3 is hands off the wheel, and Level 4, eyes off the road. Finally, Level 5 allows all passengers disengaged from driving. Level 5 requires massive computing performance. This data show it different from one to another, but Level 5 will require more than 4,000 teraflops. One teraflops is today's H100. That means you need more than four H100 inside your car. That means your car becomes server. It's a moving server. Okay, we are solving the same problem. It's a computing problem. At the same time, data center, they can use 100-megawatt electricity, but car is running on battery. Right. You want to have a longest driving distance, so you have to save the power of battery. That's why you need energy efficiency much more in different reasons. Right-hand corners, this slant line shows 0.1 TOPS per watt, 1 TOPS per watt, 10 TOPS per watt. This direction has higher performance per watt. If you listen to these days' announcement from Jensen or other, like Lisa, they're talking about energy efficiency, even Intel say energy computing. Why do they call it? They talk about performance per watt. Suddenly, we are talking about performance per watt. The reason is this, we are not optimizing only performance, we are optimizing both performance and performance watt, and that is another aspect of the paradigm shift. Let me summarize. What's the similarity between HPC and automotive? Just in data centers, next-generation vehicles will rely on, in the middle on the right-hand, advanced process node because they need energy-efficient processors, and GAA is a typical solution for that. They need higher memory bandwidth. You need a high-bandwidth DRAM. If you look at it down, advanced packaging, you have to consolidate a lot of different things for central compute, CPU, GPU, NPU, GP common accelerators. You need advanced packaging technologies. Later I will explain another reason why they need advanced packaging this automotive sector. In terms of the quantity, we are talking about 50 million new vehicles every year. It's nothing, right, compared to 1.1 billion of handsets, right? These people are worried about economies of scale. Automotive ADAS semiconductor chip lacks economies of scale. What do they do after that? They have to collaborate with other semiconductor companies. Some people of the automotive architecture, they prefer chiplet approach. They want to focus on ADAS chiplet. All other chiplet, they want to buy from off the shelf from the chiplet marketplace. That's why they want to create, they want to join. A lot of automotive guys tried to recently join the UCIe, which is chiplet. The reason behind that is economy scale. They lacked the economy scale. They want to work with the chiplet vendors from the off the shelf. Again, in summary, HPC and automotive share the key enabling technologies in common, which is advanced process node, GAA, high-bandwidth memory, DRAM, advanced packaging. That's what I'm saying. GAA is the key enabling technology elements for both HPC and automotive. Okay, let's delve into one by one. Memory wall problem. A lot of people know that. The green line is the performance of the processor, especially on floating point processor. Pentium II, MMX extension, it's around 0.2 gigaflops in 1996. NVIDIA GTX 550 was the first achieve the one teraflops GPU. A100, it's around 300 teraflops. This year, H100, they say they achieve 1,000 teraflops. If you plot it's about 60,000 times improvement in 20 years, about three times in every two years. However, DRAM memory bandwidth, it's only 1.4 times in every year. Even though we work hard, but still it's not as fast in terms of the. The gap is widening. That's a lot of people call it memory wall. Or some people say we are wasting GPU. Expensive $25,000 GPU sit idle because of memory. They're waiting for the data coming from memory. How do we solve the problem? We call it near memory computing. Near memory computing, or in other words, high-bandwidth memory, is explained very well in Google's papers I think a few years ago. This graph is called roofline model. X-axis is operation intensity. Hmm, it's a key word. Y-axis is performance, the gigaflops or teraflops. X-axis, operation intensity means data reusability. Larger number in this axis, in X-axis means for the same data, how many operations can do that? Then if higher data reuse, you don't have to fetch data new again, right? Because you can do operate many times on the same data. On the other hand, the smaller operation intensity is very data-intensive. You have to read. Every time you have a new operation, you have to read it. That means you need a lot of memory exchange transaction, right? It depends on the application. Some application, for example, calculation, projection, it is application 3 type. Certain things like large language model, ChatGPT, they need to fetch upon each time from data. It's like application 1. In those application, data-intensive application, your performance is limited, not by the performance of the processor, but by the memory bandwidth. Look, application 1 performance is limited by memory bandwidth. In that case, if you develop higher bandwidth memory, then this limitation will go up, your roof will be raised. Without buying a more expensive processor, you can improve your performance. Right. Similar why, that's why these companies like Apple, AMD, NVIDIA, they've developed their own technology for higher bandwidth near memory. In other words, they put DRAM near to the CPU. Look, Apple M2, they call it LLW, Low Latency Wide I/O. They put DRAM in the same package closer to their M2 processors. AMD, they stack SRAM cache on top of their processors, so very close, the same reason. NVIDIA, they use HBM memory, six of them, next to their H100 processors. Another trend which is very interesting to me is big technology companies, like Apple, Amazon, Google, Tesla, all of them want to develop their own chip recently. Why is that. They want to choose their own architecture. They want to choose their own process node technology. They want to choose their own custom memory solutions tailored and optimized for their distinct needs. They have all different needs. Hyperscalers or even automotive OEM, not only Tesla, but other guys, all of them are designing their chip and want to their design chip. They came to us, "Can you build that for us? Can you build these, guys." Well, it's hard, right. Sometimes foundry is a matter of volume of scale. We are dealing with 10,000 wafers per month, not a few thousand wafers. Even though some ideas are very innovative, we are reluctant to support them. That's the problem we have today. A lot of innovative ideas come to us, but it's hard. It's hard to invest because of the economy of scale. Well, you never know. You never know. There might be a second NVIDIA coming out, third NVIDIA coming out. If these things work and change and win in this computing paradigm, they may order a few thousand wafers per month like NVIDIA today. That's why we are promoting emerging startup. We kicked off the emerging program, startup program this year, and then support their ideas, and then change our cost structure to promote this new idea. The thing is, computing paradigm is changing. We'd like to capture the rise of this paradigm shift. Okay. This diagram, I didn't draw it. It's drawn by the CEO of one of the top semiconductor companies. Actually, they think it as a threat. He's one of the fabless semiconductors. Previously, it's all divided like set manufacturers, fabless semiconductors, IT company, foundry. We were doing business. As I said before, the cloud companies, the enterprise, they want to design their own chip, and then they want to bypass these semiconductor fabless companies, and then directly try to work with foundry. Foundries are getting bigger and this cloud getting bigger, and then traditional semiconductor fabless might struggle. In fact, as a matter of fact, couple or two or three traditional semiconductor, big conglomerate semiconductor company, fabless companies are struggling these days. The reason is cloud and other guys want to design their chip, and foundries are getting bigger and bigger. Okay. I listed out the trends, what interests me so far. What's the Samsung strategy? What do you want to do in this environment? Let me talk about that. Once again, I summarize it as a three-letter, GDP. By the way, the foundry belongs to DS. DS stands for Device Solution, which used to be a semiconductor department of Samsung. Our mission is our semiconductors, including foundry memory, will give life to your imagination. The title of my talk came from here. Okay. Let's talk about GAA. Why do we need GAA? As I said before, in earlier days, we talked about shrinking. Moore's law, how can you make it smaller? Die size and the performance. What is the F max frequency, CPU frequency? How much can you gain? That was the old key performance metric. As I said before, recently, because of data center, automotive, now energy efficiency comes into the picture again. If you look at the Y-axis, it is called EEP. EEP stands for energy efficient performance. Actually, that was defined 20 or 30 years ago with Stanford Professor Horowitz. The unit is, if you look at the bottom, one over joule per second. It's energy times delay. Energy time delay should be the metric. That's the conclusion of his paper, Professor Horowitz. If you optimize only the energy consumption, meaning battery consumption, because of the circuit design theory, you can achieve the optimal battery performance by reducing your performance, meaning wait longer time and then lower the power supply. That's not what I wanted, and I want to save battery power. At the same time, I want to use the peak memory. That's why he suggested we have to optimize product of energy and delay. You have to minimize the energy at the same time, process delay should be delayed. This performance is one over energy delay product. This is the plot of the GPU. Planar transistor. Oh, by the way, GPU performance of this is not only determined by the circuit and process, but also the architecture, software is all combined together, and this is the performance, 2.2 times per 2 year. This is a combination of architecture, circuit, process technology together. As a foundry player, if you look at only the process technology only, transistor architecture only, planar transistor already, if you look at the dot at which it starts to curve downwards, that means there's a wall. With the planar, you cannot go beyond the EE performance. That's why we introduced FinFET around year 2013. Now, we introduced GAA last year. In other words, to achieve the energy efficient that data center and automotive guys want, GAA is the way. The G of the GDP, GAA, it will be the key element of this computing paradigm shift. That's why every company, every foundry company, even though the name are different, we call it GAA. Our competitor call it nanosheet. Some other people say ribbon sheet. The GAA will be the key element of the new paradigm shift, and we are the first. We mass produced last year. What is GAA? GAA is gate all around. Oh, I wish I had a pointer. If you right-hand most, the channel is surrounded by four sides, right? We can control the channel by four sides. On the other hand, FinFET, you can control mainly or two sides. It looks like a fin of the shark, and you can control the channel by the voltage of the two sides. Before it was a planar where you can control the channel with the one side of the above gate above the channel. By doing that, you can shut off the current in off state. It's like running water, you can cut off. By doing that, you can reduce the leakage current, and then you can reduce the supply voltage, and the supply voltage is directly related to the power consumption. That's the GAA. Look at it's very hard to make, right? That's why the process technology out of the three is most complicated, and then wafer cost suddenly goes up and up. You're hearing about the 20,000, 25,000 per wafer because of that process complexity. Let me show you the video, how does GAA work? Whenever semiconductor technology faced challenges, there has been a guiding light to help navigate the maze. Evolution of transistors is a major component of technology development. Planar transistors have been used for generations with voltage scaling to save power. However, short channel effect ultimately limited usability. FinFETs were the solution and made further voltage scaling possible. Unfortunately, limitations are faced again. For ideal electrostatics, the channel needs to be fully surrounded by the gate. This is known as gate all around. Typical GAAs are nanowires. However, integration complexities of nanowires outweigh the benefits. This led Samsung Foundry to create a unique version of GAA with all the advantages but minimal complications. Samsung Foundry proudly introduces our Multi-Bridge-Channel FETs. MBCFETs consist of multi-stacked nanosheets. One advantage of MBCFETs is that additional area is not required to improve speed. FinFETs need fins to be laterally added while nanosheets can be vertically stacked. MBCFETs are compatible with FinFET designs. Designers can replace FinFETs with MBCFETs without changing the footprint. Performance can also be improved without area increase. MBCFETs are the most advanced technology that provides solutions from low power to high-performance applications, including AI, autonomous driving, 5G, and high-performance computing. With MBCFETs, Samsung Foundry will be the guiding light for the future of the semiconductor industry. Samsung Foundry. Okay. We provide the FinFET and GAA. Our GAA start from three nanometer. Okay. That was the G part of the GDP. Now talk about D, DRAM part. I told you, we think it's a near-memory computing paradigm shift. Near memory catches two rabbits at a time. One rabbit, energy efficiency. Second rabbit is latency or high bandwidth. There's 3 stage. One is typical DIMM DRAM card. If you open up your PC, there's a DRAM cards, typically two, right? You buy DIMM cards and set it. For your processor, Intel, AMD processor is far ahead, right? Your signal has to go all the way around. By doing that, you spend time and you consume a lot of power. You can see it. That's why you need a fan, right? To solve this energy consumption problem and latency problem, you have to put closer to processor and memory sits closer and closer. You saw that three companies, right? Apple, AMD, what was that? NVIDIA. They do this kind of near-memory approach with a different technology. One example is silicon interposer. They call it 2.5D or CoWoS packaging. Your DRAM stack, HBM, sit next to the logic 1,800 and connect it through the silicon interposer. By doing that, your picojoule per bit energy transfer energy is decreased from 12 to 3.5, latency decreased from 7.5 to 6. Even further, if you stack in 3D, you can save it further. That's where we headed. Today, 2.5D HBM, it sits on a silicon interposer, and then they are talking about 2.5D and Okay. The next step will be the 3D on top of build, memory and logic. By doing that, you can minimize latency and minimize power. Also, for automotive, we are doing a non-volatile memory, our solution is embedded eMRAM. We recently announced 5 nanometer advanced node FinFET eMRAM. I'll skip it. Now third part, P part of the PPA, advanced packaging. I'm sure you guys have heard of a lot of things about packaging and there are multiple motivation. One motivation is a cost. If you look at the curve, that is the yielded wafer cost for the same area. Suddenly, it's like hockey stick, suddenly cost went up from 7 nanometer. The reason because they start to use EUV. EUV is like, how much? KRW 50 million per machine. That raised the wafer cost, right? By instead of using that advanced node, they want to split it. They use N-1, older legacy wafers and doing this way. That's one motivation: cost reduction. More, for example, more automotive guy, because they lack economies of scale, they want to reuse design from others. They want to reuse older design for a new development, if for the same company. Design reuse will be, or collaboration with all their work or other people's work, is another motivation. Third motivation: like NVIDIA, AMD, they want to put more transistors into their system. Today, 100 billion transistors was a limit, even though you use GAA. If you put more than 150 billion, like 500 billion transistors, you have to put more. For example, MI300 AMD, they used 150 billion with several chiplets, the GPU, CPU. Those are the third categories' motivation. Our AVP organization provide diverse technology offerings, advanced packaging. The technology they have, AVP has, both HPC mobile segments and a bunch of different configurations of logic and memory, near-memory configuration. Side-by-side interposer, cache DRAM on logic, bufferless HBM on logic, SRAM on logic like cache or LLW, LPDDR options for mobile. Another problem we have to solve is even though you have a technology, you need to support design flow, design technology, and the methodology to test. When you design a single mono-die, you can do an EDA. We have already developed tools. When you have multiple dies, you have to simulate not only signal integrity, but also thermal problems and other reliability factors. We work together with the EDA and OSAT, the 7 categories of our ecosystem. Our ecosystem is grown. We introduced and announced Multi-Die Integration Alliance this year. About 20 companies joined it. Even our competitor joined it. Eventually, this is my view: becoming a democratization of chip design. Democratization of semiconductor manufacturing, that was the concept of foundry. Even though you don't have a fab, you can make a fab. That's democratization of manufacturing. One step further: not only manufacturing, even design. Once you have system ideas, you can use this chiplet foundry and design services. You can reuse others' designs. By doing that, you can design the chip itself. It's one step further. Next to the democratization of chip manufacturing, the era of democratization of chip design is coming. System innovators who have great ideas, they can easily build very complex designs with this foundry, AVP memory, and design services. To make this happen, I talked about EDA and the simulation and verification tool. At the same time, multiple chiplet vendors are supplying it. It has to be interoperable. We need a die to die interface standardization. That's this third piece. Chiplet interface standard is a must. UCIe is a mainstream interface. It was formed two years ago. Intel is a partner. A lot of big guys already joined it, Samsung is sharing this UCIe standards. Let me show you some clip. UCIe stands for Universal Chiplet Interconnect Express. UCIe is a means for connecting multiple chiplets on a package. It offers power-efficient, low-latency, high-bandwidth communication between chiplets in a cost-effective manner. It's important. Chiplets are emerging as a foundational technology to help both improve performance of connecting computing elements in our platforms to memory, also improving their efficiency. Not only you get better connectivity in terms of latency and bandwidth, but you also can then move data at a much higher efficiency in terms of the number of joules per bit. As we discussed, it's all about the technology brick wall, which is coming. Collectively as an industry, we need to accelerate the momentum towards chiplets. This is where we strongly believe that a player like Samsung can help in creating the right system architecture, providing the right chiplets, and also help us in making sure that the right packaging architecture is in place. We really look forward to work together with Samsung to create a chiplet-based ecosystem where Samsung is a very viable partner to fulfill those chiplets. Samsung, in the future, will play even a bigger role in technology because as Moore's Law slows down, we will need to make systems that are more integrated and the technology that Samsung can provide, not just on the memory side as a leader in industry, but also on logic, would play an important role in moving us beyond Moore's Law, which has slowed down in recent years. That's the reason why we approached Samsung along with nine other companies to start forming that consortium. We are very happy that Samsung joined the consortium and is actively promoting the consortium along with several other members. Together we are working really well in order to advance the state of the technology, which is how open ecosystems develop and propagate. I talked about GDP, three components one by one. This is not just a plan. We are already shipping, producing AI chip today. Some customers use our 14 nanometer and they are selling AI accelerator. They are developing four nanometer accelerator. Even for the automotive, number 1 EV company use our 14 nanometer ADAS. A lot of our chips are running today. They're developing five nanometer next version, fully self-driving chiplet. We have pretty high market share today of the automotive driving. And eight nanometer IVI is all over the world. It's one of the top 3 automotive CPU companies. This I think is the last slide. What should I do for the last slide? I asked ChatGPT about the future of Samsung Semiconductor. The context I gave it as energy efficient computing paradigm, neo computing. I give some cues, ideas, and in response, the answer as follows. Samsung Foundry is heavily investing in advanced process technology like GAA, and positioned to assist companies in designing energy-efficient computing chips. Additionally, Samsung is optimizing high-bandwidth DRAM solutions and delivering customized DRAM solution. Even I didn't know, but it said, "Delivering customized DRAM solution to meet individual customers' computing needs." Advanced packaging plays a pivotal role in enhancing energy efficiency and boosting overall performance. The synergies between GAA chips, custom DRAM, and advanced packaging will ensure innovative solution for customers in the evolving computing paradigm shift. I don't know, maybe I gave too much hint, but that's exactly what I wanted to hear from ChatGPT. Samsung Foundry and AVP Memory, together with our partners, we will give life to your imagination, bring customers' computing ideas reality. Thank you. Thank you very much for spending your valuable afternoon with us today. I'd also like to thank JPMorgan for providing the venue for today's event. Hopefully, after the sessions today, we are able to share with you our growth strategies based on our technology leadership in display to expand to new areas, including IT, automotive, and going down in size all the way to MicroLEDs. In our memory size, our leadership will expand our roles in AI to not only HBM, but even much beyond that in the future as well. Also, our last session about GDP growth in Foundry based on the GAA, DRAM, and packaging. Also, as the world's largest provider of connected devices, how we aim to enhance customer experiences based on multiple connected devices. And for those who attended that session, you even learned what CX-MDE stands for. With that, I'd like to wrap up today's 2023 Samsung Investor Forum. Once again, thank you very much, and I hope you have a great evening. Cheers.