Hello, and welcome to the Q1 and 2023 guidance conference call. My name is Priscilla, and I'll be your coordinator for today's event. Please note this call is being recorded, and your lines will be on listen only. If you require assistance at any point, please press star zero and you'll be connected to an operator. I will now hand you over to your host, Michiel Langezaal, the CEO, and Victor van Dijk, the CFO, to begin today's conference. Please go ahead, sir. Thank you, Operator. I would like to say welcome to everyone on this call, as well as, to our webcast viewers. The presentation used during this call is also available at our investor relations website, which is ir.fastnedcharging.com. To give a quick words towards the picture on the title page, this is a rendering of the two locations that we will soon be building near Ghent on the motorway E17. The first tender in Europe for a fossil-free service area. A tender that was again won by Fastned. Next to this great win, we've seen loads of news in this quarter on the EU Commission regulation about having fast charging stations along major European motorways every 60 km. Later in this presentation, we'll do a deep dive in the opportunity this provides to Fastned. Slide two, please. With reference to the information provided in these slides and discussed during this call, please take note of the disclaimer. Slide three, please. My name is Michiel Langezaal. I'm the CEO and one of the founders of Fastned. Victor van Dijk, our CFO, is also present in this call. Together, we will present today's webcast. Today, I will elaborate on the highlights of the first quarter of 2023, and also we will touch upon relevant market developments and of course, we'll give you an update on our progress. After that, Victor will take over and take you through the top-line financial results in the first quarter of 2023 and discuss the full year 2022. He will also update you on our station metrics again. At the end of this presentation, we'll share our outlook on station openings and upgrades for this year. We intend to take one hour for this call, including Q&A, and end at 12:00 P.M. Slide four, please. We've had an amazing quarter with lots of positive developments inside and outside of Fastned. Let me talk you through it. We continue to see great momentum in the electric vehicle market. In all markets, we see an acceleration of electric vehicle uptake, especially with prices of EVs going down significantly, while at the same time, cars have better range and faster charging. In the last quarter, we sold more than double the amount of electricity as in the same quarter of 2021, and we grew deliveries by 15% compared to Q4 of last year. As always, more cars means more continued growth at our stations. Something Victor will elaborate on today when discussing the station metrics. After serious price hikes on the electricity markets in December of last year, we've seen markets calming down rapidly this quarter. The gas supplies and the storage facilities in our operating countries are high, and gas prices have come down to levels close to that of before the start of the Ukraine conflict. We therefore expect the summer period to be relatively calm. How things develop towards the winter of 2023 is still to be seen. As a consequence of these developments, Fastned was able to lower its prices in Q1 while still having a healthy margin, increasing the attractiveness of EVs over fossil cars. A great development in light of our mission, accelerating the transition to e-mobility. This price decrease, in combination with the continued volume growth, leads to revenues only slightly growing compared to the previous quarter. A very positive development to mention as well is the operational EBITDA growing with 244% from EUR 2.4 million last year to EUR 8.1 million in 2022. This is a consequence of both a healthy margin as well as continuation of an exponentially growing charging demand on a business with operational costs that grow in line with the number of stations and their size. After the race towards year-end, things had to calm down a little in Q1 in order to give our team some rest. This also provided time to rethink learnings from our high build pace in Q4 and start planning for a more structural build pace of 100 stations per year in some time from now. The result is 14 new stations in our network last quarter, with amongst them very big stations like Aire de la Maxe on the route from Metz to Luxembourg with 16 drive-through charging positions. We added 144 chargers in the last quarter and now have 1,381 chargers online. This gives Fastned a place in the rankings of Europe's largest charging networks. To build more stations, we need more new locations. From the very foundation of Fastned, we have been talking about the scarcity of good, high-traffic locations to build charging stations at. Securing these locations is key to building that valuable network that will be our stronghold for years and years to come. In previous years, we've heavily advocated for the importance of market access and public tenders for these locations. You'll understand that we're very happy with the EU Commission mandating member countries to realize charging infrastructure on European motorways every 60 km. A big win, something which will create loads and loads of opportunities for Fastned. More about this later. That said, we also see that the regulatory processes take time, location tenders are taking longer than initially communicated. This slows down our build pace in the near term, but for the longer term, the AFIR legislation, enforcing the build-out of the European charging infrastructure, strongly solidifies our long-term outlook. More about this later on in our presentation. Next to tenders, we have been putting a tremendous amount of effort on accelerating our location pipeline with private developments. Our network development team has roughly doubled over the past year, we're starting to see the first results. In Q1 of this year, we closed almost the same amount of private deals as in the whole of 2022. Scaling up private location development and seeing the opportunities from large public tenders paves the way for an acceleration of our location pipeline in the coming years. The last highlight I would like to mention is the solidification of the 2035 target by the European Commission, mandating all new cars to be emission-free from 2035. This paves the way for a EUR 500 billion fossil fuel market to go electric, and that is our growth path for the coming decades, which brings me to the next topic. Slide five, please. With the shift towards EVs accelerating, one or two chargers adjacent to some parking spots is no longer going to be sufficient, and more and more policymakers have seen this. Tenders like the two Gentbrugge locations are instrumental in developing the needed charging capacity for the exponentially growing number of EVs on the road. Stations that provide a charging experience that is better than going for gas and have the same or better amenities. We are very proud to have won the very first of such tenders from other contenders, such as large oil majors that start to put their eyes on transitioning away from fossil fuels, or the typical utilities that want to build on their electricity generation backbones. In the Netherlands, we now see that the government is starting to plan for the phase-out of petrol stations with its new service area policy proposal. That proposal advocates for a roadmap for when service areas become zero emission. On the slide, you can see what this would look like. A service area where one cannot buy fossil fuels. Logically, we're very pleased with this proposal. Interestingly, its development of zero-emission service areas coincides with other news for this quarter. Slide six, please. Which brings me to the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation. Some time ago, this was still a directive from the European Commission. Recently, this became regulation in order to strengthen the mandate towards member states and drive the transition towards e-mobility. We at Fastned have been saying it for a long time, without charging infrastructure, people will not give up their fossil fuel cars and change to electric. Solving this issue became our mission. The European Commission is now of the same belief, therefore now mandates member states to ensure that European motorways have that basic and robust charging network with stations every 60 km. This is a big thing. The TEN-T road network encompasses roughly 95,000 km of highway, of which the commission has labeled roughly 1/3 to be core, and 2/3 of it being the comprehensive network. This leads to roughly 500 charging hubs needed to cover the core network alone. As most often, motorway service areas on the very high-traffic roads are only accessible from one direction. We expect that this number should be multiplied by two for most of the core network, leading to 1,000 charging stations just for the core network alone. The logical route to realize this infrastructure is to put out public tenders in line with the European Services Directive. This will bring an opportunity of 1,000 or more very interesting locations for Fastned in the coming years. Slide seven, please. Therefore, I'm just going to do this again. Locations along highways, especially those with loads of traffic, are scarce, very scarce. Aiming for those scarce locations was a strategy 10 years ago. Today, the proof is there that these locations are very, very interesting from a commercial perspective. We talked about this a lot last year. For example, when we explained that Fastned holds only a fifth of the charging locations in the Netherlands, but sells more than 60% of the fast-charging volume. Among other things, this is the result of that strategy of acquiring A plus locations or motorway locations. One would expect competition for these locations to be serious now that the market is accelerating. This leads to the question, how does Fastned win these tenders? Slide eight, please. We talked about this before as well. Fastned started a decade ago with building the first stations, developing a software backbone on which we run our charging infrastructure, acquiring the permits for the first charging stations and much more. Together, all these elements make up one of the best charging concepts in the market. Google Location Reviews shows that Fastned ranks best, and last year we won prizes for the best charging network in several countries, under which the U.K., of which you can see the ranking here on the right side of the slide. When it comes to charging infrastructure tenders, governments recognize the importance of quality, expertise and experience more and more. They found out the hard way that getting rid of range anxiety and supporting people in switching to an electric car only happens when charging infrastructure works. Demanding petrol stations to add some chargers or letting the commercial offering be the decisive factor doesn't result in good infrastructure. If competition for quality is not important, one will not get quality. In the worst case, you will get chargers with red tape around it. Having one of the best charging concepts in the market and more experience than most others allows us to hand in very competitive bids. Slide nine, please. Having discussed the many moving panels in policy landscape, we thought it would be good to see what is actually happening in each of the countries. On this slide, you can see the various stages in the development process of charging infrastructure, starting at the top with initiating talks with policymakers. The flags for each of the countries, we've indicated where things roughly are in the process. Let's talk you through. In Denmark, separate tenders for fast charging stations are on the roadmap, and logically, we're following up with authorities. These tenders could provide a very interesting opportunity to invest in serious stations along Danish motorways. We've touched upon Italy before. New regulation has been developed, and this is pushing for tenders to be held for all service areas on the motorway network. As you can imagine, with several hundreds of such service areas and millions of car owners to be supported in their switch to owning an EV, we are very interested. To this end, we are working with several stakeholders in the market to get from regulation to tenders and finally to building the infrastructure. In Germany, we have been supporting the development of the market with building large stations at Autohof, which are privately owned terrains at motorway exits. In the meantime, we've continued to advocate for an open market and market access. One of the results of this is the Deutschlandnetz program. This program consists of two tenders, one for the realization and operation of 200 new motorway locations, which are to be issued in six separate lots. The second tender offers financing for an additional 900 locations off motorway. Exact locations are still to be determined for this last tender. Both these tenders were communicated to lead to outcomes before the end of 2022. For various reasons, these timelines were not met. Logically, we're following these developments closely. 2021 was the year of tenders along private motorways in France. Fastned had among the highest win rates in the industry. 2022 was the year of building this infrastructure, something to which we have contributed with great pride. Coming year will be about the plans for the national motorways. This is the road network that is not operated by the concessionaires, but by the government itself. In Flanders, we've won a lot of tenders and much of the work is now focused on realization. In Wallonia, it is the opposite, and loads of work goes towards discussions with policymakers in order to explain the need for building serious charging stations along motorways, and also about how to launch it works by means of tenders. We're proud to open our first station in Wallonia next month. In Switzerland, we continue to build on the 20 motorway concessions we acquired several years ago. These sites are in separate development stages, from permits to construction, or are already in operation. Last year, we were able to designate three locations on public land for the development of a charging station and acquire the rights to execute on that development. We expect similar developments in the coming years, with Swiss authorities continuing to offer public land to support the build-out of charging infrastructure. Logically, we're closely following such developments. Last but not least, I want to mention the Netherlands. This country has held its first tender to allot the rights to develop and operate charging stations along motorways early 2012. As mentioned before, we see very important and brave steps by the government towards a policy that should govern the next phase of tenders. This is when the oldest concessions will start to expire, with the first concessions ending in 2028. The key ingredients of the new policy are separate tenders for petrol and charging, as well as a roadmap towards phasing out petrol stations with zero emission service areas. A very long list of developments with opportunities that are expected to materialize in the coming years and deliver very valuable locations to our pipeline. Note, we have only been talking about public developments here. I said earlier, in the last quarter, we've been able to massively increase our developments with private landowners as well. In Q1, we signed close to the same number of locations as in the whole of last year. On that note, I would like to hand you over to Victor van Dijk, our CFO, for a look at station metrics and financials. Thank you, Michiel. I'll take you through our financials. I thought it was a good moment to show you a more longer term perspective on what the drivers of our station economics are. On the left, we show the station economics of our average station in the last pre-Corona quarter, the fourth quarter of 2019. With corona now fully behind us, this provides for a nice reference. This was actually the first time we presented the station economics like this. This was shortly after I joined Fastned in that same quarter. We wanted to show the unit metrics to give more insight into the business case. Back then, we aimed to explain that station revenues could go to more than EUR 1 million by 2030. Which was a bit of a challenge when it was still at EUR 61,000 annualized at that time. Basically, a 16-fold increase was needed. Today, we obviously have a longer track record. In little over three years' time, station sales more than three-folded, which is driven by a three-folding of electric vehicle fleet penetration. We continued to build high traffic stations, the general traffic counts of an average station in a portfolio stays relatively the same. The number of electric vehicles passing by increased from roughly 300 to roughly 900 vehicles per day, which directly drives station sales. We know electric vehicle fleet penetration is predicted to around 20% on average across our markets by 2030. The number of electric vehicles passing by will seven-fold towards 2030. Therefore, we expect station sales and revenues to see a similar growth. We still expect station revenues to be above EUR 1 million by 2030. We also expect station revenues to be above EUR 400,000 by 2025, also driven by increased electric vehicle fleet share. What do we need to do to get there? We need to continue to acquire high traffic locations, so the general traffic count stays at the same level as now. We need to build large stations to satisfy increasing demands. We need to continue to offer the best charging experience. We know that on a relative basis, we realize higher sales than other parties in the market. Electric vehicle fleet share needs to grow. To us, this is all but a given. Given the phase out of non-zero emission vehicles by 2035 in Europe, and by electric vehicles becoming better, cheaper, and more available. Over the last three years, the operational EBITDA four-folded per station due to operational leverage in our station metrics. Higher sales at the same cost level. Note that, as expected, also over the last three years, the operational EBITDA margin and return on investment also increased. This is due to a higher utilization and higher charge fees, allowing us to sell more kilowatt hours over the same investment. Slide 11, please. We have said before that the representative top five station provides a glimpse into the future, which you can clearly see here. The top five station is top station because it has around three times more general traffic than the average station, and slightly more electric vehicle fleet penetration in its region. This leads to three to four times more electric vehicles passing by and three to four times more sales than the average station. This is both today and in 2019, as you can see comparing the two slides. The top five station shows the potential at three to four times more electric vehicles fleet penetration for the average station. As it did in the past. The Q1 2023 average station economics on the previous slides are very close to the top five station economics end of 2019. The average station economics, a number of years down the line, will look a lot like the top five station economics now. All this gives you the underlying logic to our guidance for 2025 and 2030 in terms of station revenue and station profitability. Next slide, please. We thought it was good to show a state of the industry, showing European slow and fast charging company Allego and a U.S.-based pure-play fast charging company, EVgo. Both are listed companies. What you can see is that these players are all investing hundreds of millions in fast charging infrastructure, which facilitates double, or in our case, triple digit sales growth. This has led to significant losses to date, as can be expected, with utilization still catching up with investments. As we already indicated at Charging Day last year, June, we expect Fastned's underlying company EBITDA to be positive for the first time in 2023. That's one of the first charging companies worldwide. Really believe that is because we have been a front runner in the fast charging market, being a thought leader on how the infrastructure to accelerate the transition to electric vehicles should be organized and built. It's also because of our extreme focus on high-traffic locations and a best-in-class and efficient charging concept. This concept attracts additional demands, leading to above average sales growth. The efficiency leads to an acceleration in profitability. Next slide, please. Turning to company financials. Over the last years, we have expanded operational EBITDA from EUR 0.9 million in 2020 to EUR 8 million last year. This was on the back of strong sales growth, a relatively stable growth margin per kilowatt hour over the last two years, and with relatively stable network operational costs per charger. This year, we expect revenue, growth margin, and operational EBITDA to grow strongly again based on continued electric vehicle growth and high traffic best-in-class stations being added. This is already shown in the first quarter of this year, where we realized a gross profit of EUR 9.4 million. That is already almost half of the full year gross profit in 2022, which was EUR 20.5 million. With that, we expect operational EBITDA growth to significantly outgrow network expansion cost growth, and therefore underlying company EBITDA to turn positive this year for the first time in our history. Next slide, please. On funding. As we indicated last year, with the EUR 75 million equity private placements with Schroders Infrastructure Funds, we have funding to build 400 stations, where we have close to 260 stations operational right now. As we indicated this morning in our press release, because of location tenders taking longer than initially communicated and due to delays in grid connections, we now expect to build station number 400 in 2025 instead of before year-end 2024. Funding to date was realized through a combination of more than EUR 240 million in equity through various instruments and more than EUR 110 million in retail loans. Funding beyond the 400 stations will likely come from, but is not limited to, either further retail loans and accelerated book builds, another private placement or a combination thereof. Next slide, please. When discussing the highlights of the quarter and the European Commission regulation that the EU motorways should have charging stations every 60 km, I already mentioned that we see our long-term outlook solidifying with more and more proof points out there. At the same time, we also are communicated about tenders and policy developments taking longer than originally planned for, something which slows down the market in the short run. Additionally, we have been seeing quite some news about the electricity grids being under strain and the delivery of new connections to the grid becoming an issue. Fastned also is experiencing this. The impact of these developments bring us to an updated guidance whereby our 400 station target will most likely move into 2025. Based on our pipeline and potential wins in the coming months, we're confident to hit somewhere between 350 and 400 stations year-end 2024. These numbers translate into a construction plan for this year of more than 60 new stations, whereby if tenders materialize quickly, there could be some headroom for more. Given development timelines and lead times in supply chain, we expect the majority of future wins to move into 2024 and 2025. All in all, we are talking about delays in the order of half a year. As you can imagine, we're doing all we can to push these developments towards results. On the other hand, we also want tenders that have outcomes that allow us to make serious investments in serious stations. Feedback on terms and conditions of the concession, logically, is part of our discussions with tendering authorities in the early phases of tenders. We're very happy to see that such feedback is often taken seriously. To that end, we think that these delays are worth it. All in all, accepting a number of months of delay in order to get a 15-year or more concession right is, in our view, the right decision from their perspective. Which brings me to the financial part of guidance, something I'm very excited about. After many years of investing, it looks like 2023 will be the year in which Fastned will become underlying company EBITDA positive for the full year. This is a special moment as we will be one of the very first charging companies in the world to achieve this milestone. We continue to expect that the operational EBITDA margin will be more than 40% by 2025. We have already achieved that this quarter based on a healthy gross margin. We are well on track to achieve that. We also continue to expect average station revenues to surpass EUR 400,000 in 2025 and EUR 1 million in 2030, driven by electric vehicle growth and by adding very high traffic locations to our network. This all in line with what we explained on the station economic slides. Next slide, please. This finalizes our presentation, and I would like to thank you all for listening. Given the increased amount of analysts, we kindly request you to limit the number of questions to two per analyst. If there is time left after that, we can obviously take more questions. I now hand the word back to the Operator for questions. Thank you, sir. Ladies and gentlemen, if you would like to ask a question or make a contribution on today's call, please press star one on your telephone keypad. We'll pause just for a moment to allow everyone an opportunity to signal for questions. We'll take our first question from Joren Van Aken from Degroof Petercam. Please go ahead. Your line is open. Yeah, good morning. Could you just give us an update on the win rate for, let's say, the newly acquired locations? I believe it was around 20% - 25% before. Do you see more competition in the market which might impact that win rate? Any information on that one is helpful. Thank you. Joren, I think the answer would be it's 100% because we won those two tenders. I think the answer is most likely in sort of, we are seeing some delays in the tender results. We're basically also awaiting tenders that will have more lots and a more diversified outcome in that sense. I would say the answer is to be awaited. Any further questions? Yeah, I understand the 100%, but there's not like that you participated in other, in other tenders that you did not acquire, let's say. No, there were no other tenders that were relevant to us at the moment. No. Okay. Good to know. Thank you. Thank you. We'll move on to our next participant, Paul de Froment from Bryan, Garnier & Co. Please go ahead, sir. Your line is open. Yes. Hi. Two questions from me. The first is, gross margin was 57% in 2022, 70% in Q1, thanks to your adaptive pricing strategy. What can we expect in 2023? The second question is regarding your charging points supply. We see Alpitronic charging points everywhere. There are a few providers, I was wondering if you observe any pressure or delays to obtain the number of charging points you need. Thank you. Let me start on the gross margin. We realized EUR 0.46 per kWh gross margin last quarter. Obviously helped by the energy prices going down, our input price in the market. We think our price level of EUR 0.69 in most of our markets towards customers is a fair level. Given the fact that the energy market is still more volatile than it used to be, and also the prices are more elevated than they used to be. Our cost price level to customers is a fair one given the current circumstances. With that leads to right now the gross margin of EUR 0.46 that we realized from Q1. We're a bit dependent on energy markets to see where it goes from here. I think it's important to highlight that we'll keep monitoring the markets. If at some stage there's reason to increase the prices, we will do it like we have done over the last winter. Maybe then on supply. I think you mentioned, you know, sort of the supply of chargers, any pressure in the supply chains there. Yeah, we have seen that last year. I think we might see that again this year. I think if we sort of prioritize, let's say things that are bottlenecks towards the expansion of that network, we probably would say tenders are more of an issue today and the lead times of that and policy developments, to some extent, grid connections. Yeah, the supply of chargers is not the main issue at the moment. Okay. Thank you very much. Does that give you a bit of color on that topic? Yeah. Thank you very much. Very clear. Cool. Thank you. Thank you. We'll move on to our next participant, Marc Hesselink from ING. Please go ahead, sir. Your line is open. Yes, thank you. Firstly, what is your visibility on the number of tenders? I can understand that it's a bigger number coming up over the coming quarters, but is there a number that you can attach to that? Yeah. As in how many locations. I think that's a bit what we tried to do when we talked about sort of the countries and where they are in the process. I think if you look at sort of Germany, we're talking about 200 locations in six lots. Then there is financing tender for 900, but those locations are still to be determined. The tender basically doesn't come with locations, although it might support it. Then I think if you look at Italy, for example, we're talking about a couple of hundred of service areas, probably order of 300 up to 600 sites. The question, of course, is like what will be the pace of getting that out for tender and what the percentage will be. That will be tendered out in the end. If you look at Denmark, we're probably looking at order of magnitude, let's say 50 sites. That's sort of order of magnitude, the numbers that we see in those countries. I think if you look at it, if you look towards the countries that are further down in that development process, with currently being policymaking, it's very difficult to say. It's really at a very high level. Does that give you a bit of visibility on what is to be expected, let's say, in the short run versus the longer run? Yeah. maybe because it's actually linked to second question. It's actually to the 1,000 networks in the core network and the 50 in all that comprehensive sites. I assume there's quite a big overlap to where you already have locations, overlap with those, the ones that you just mentioned. Can you give a bit of a feel? Because I try to square everything with your 1,000 stations target for 2030. What does that mean? How? I think the interesting thing is that, yes, there is overlap, definitely. But that overlap is not gonna be very massive. Maybe an illustration towards the Netherlands helps there. I think the Netherlands has a core network of, I think, roughly, let's say 2,000 km or something, if I'm right. You're talking about, let's say, 20, 30 sites according to sort of that European legislation. While it has many more motorways, but they're simply not being, let's say, labeled as European motorways. If you look at that mandate from European Commission, that basically puts in place the basics for what is required across Europe and pushes countries like Spain, Poland, Denmark, everything where basically these tenders haven't taken place yet to get towards tenders, and build the rudimentary network, whereby in countries where traffic levels will be very, very high. The logic when you have such a tender to build a bigger station or to build more stations than every 60 km is very logical for a government and for operators. I think the result that we will see in the end is gonna be more stations and bigger stations than what we see with the basic mandate from the European Commission. Does that? Okay. Does that explain it, Marc? Is it... Am I? Yeah, yeah. No, that's clear. It's actually also promising. Maybe if I can sort of sum that up, is the If you look at your 1,000 station ambition, or sorry, target. How much percent of that is that of the total locations you see that are attractive to you given the size that you're targeting and everything? Yeah. We haven't done that in full yet, but I wouldn't say that the overlap is big, probably in the order of maybe, yeah, 10% - 20% or so. Implying you have a 10%-20% market share. Yeah. I think your question is like. [crosstalk] What the overlap is of our current network compared to that network of the TEN-T regulation, right? No, no, sorry. I'm trying to get a feeling if the 1,000 is v ery aggressive or not? How many stations are there? Do you take 1,000 out of 4,000 available, or do you take 1,000 out of 10,000 available? Maybe to provide some answer on that, what we have been saying is that very high traffic sites are scarce in Europe. There's a finite amount, the order of magnitude of that is 10,000. That's a combination of both motorway service area sites that we indicated at Charging Day. They receive about 4,000 of them in Europe and commercial sites. Roughly the same. You get to order of magnitude 10,000. That's how you should see our target of 1,000 stations. You should see it in the light of that. Okay. That's very clear. Thanks. Thank you. We'll move on to our next participant, Thijs Berkelder from ABN AMRO ODDO BHF. Please go ahead, sir. Your line is open. Good morning, gentlemen. First question is on your outlook. You're giving an outlook on a number of stations by end of 2023, 2024 and let's say mid-2025. Can you maybe also quantify your outlook in terms of charger rollout? Your press release clearly hints at that you're shifting to bigger stations, more chargers per station. What kind of chargers per station should we expect by end 2023, 2024, 2025? Yeah. We indicated on Charging Day, it to be around six by end of 2025. Right now you see that we're at end of this quarter, we're around five and a half. We are adding stations that have six to eight chargers. So that's the average number. We're also adding chargers to our existing stations so that six by 2025 is probably on the low end right now. Yeah. That's what I mean. Is it more logical to expect something like seven to eight already at that time instead of the six? I would say, more, towards seven as we're adding stations that have on average seven chargers. We need to of course, add chargers to our existing stations. Yeah. You briefly told that you're managing extra chargers when you see occupancy rates, let's say, up above, let's say, 25% rates or so. Yeah. I think, what we try to manage there is that adding infrastructure, if you look at the number of electric vehicles that will hit the roads of this decade, that is really growing exponentially. The infrastructure will grow. It's also growing at a strong, at a high base, but the growth will be slower. At some phase, at some stage that those two lines will intersect. We are basically, what we're doing is trying to delay that intersection because then by then our stations will be completely full and occupied. Yeah, we keep on adding capacity, because we know at some stage, we will need all the utilization we can get. It's not as mathematical that we say, we have a current utilization right now and then we start to add chargers because we know the challenge is to add sufficient chargers. That's an ongoing project. If you look at utilization, so that grew from 10% - 18% at this over last year, if we would not have added chargers to our existing stations. That gives you a bit of a picture that utilization will increase very strongly. Okay. over the past 12 months, you primarily heavily expanded in France. now over the past two quarters, you especially added locations in the U.K. should we also already see a delivery of a large part of these locations, let's say towards end of this year? Is that more back-end loaded towards, what is it? 2024, 2025? Your question is a bit like delivery of those sites that we added in the U.K., when they will be built, if I'm right? Yeah. Yeah, in U.K., the process is that it might go a bit quicker because the contractual sort of process is a bit different. Yeah, I think whatever happens, I think it's probably more back-end loaded to this year at least, or going into next year. In the end from, let's say, from contract to realization, we're most often in sort of a period of somewhere between nine to 18 months, but sooner than that it very rarely happens because of ordering times of grid connections, parts, all these kind of things. It will be back-end loaded definitely. What is the reason why you now specifically are winning much more locations in the U.K., and not so much in, let's say your other regions? I would say it's mostly oriented towards hiring of people. We've been hiring the first you know, let's say scale up of the network development team, mostly I think in the U.K. It, yeah, country by country, we're adding people to that team. What you see is basically before a person is up and running, you need half a year or at least a period of time to get your sort of network, you get the conversations and then of course, before a deal finalizes, you're definitely a period down the road. The result of this, I think is mostly a consequence out of the accelerated book build that we did already quite some time ago. Based on that, we've been hiring people. Those people, yeah, have been learning and getting into the process, and that leads to contracts now. Yeah. It also shows a bit like what is the lead time of getting, yeah, getting commercial people out there and getting them to deliver results. Yeah. Okay. Then maybe for now, final question. Dynamic pricing, is there developments? Can we expect that to happen at Fastned, let's say, within the coming 12 months or probably not? You talk about pricing per kilowatt hour then, or? Yeah. Let's say higher pricing, during dense traffic hours and maybe discount, at night or so. Yeah. I think at the moment what we've said is, I think we're happy with a healthy margin and with the price point that we're at. We're in the market. Yeah, I would say there's reasons to expect that the energy markets will become a bit more volatile towards the end of the year. I think it's also, there's reasons to expect that the summer will be relatively calm. In that sense, I think we will react in a very similar fashion as last year, and you know, work with price increases if needed. I think the development of more, let's say different price plans, that's something that we haven't decided on yet. Okay. Thank you. Any other questions? Thank you. We'll now take our next question from [Hans Swagers] from Kepler Cheuvreux. Please go ahead. Your line is open. Yes. Morning, gentlemen. indeed, two questions from my side. Yeah. First of all, on the grid connections, you already have collaborated on that, see you really that there is a further more delays kicking in, how do you see that, especially going forward? At one moment in time, I assume that those connections or those delays should disappear to really get to your target. Do you see any any key risks that there will be a problem at utility companies with respect to grid connections? Secondly, on your operating EBITDA, in Q1 it was already at 40%. That in principle implies that your network operating costs have not really or only limited increase compared to Q4 of last year. How do you see those costs developing and were there some, let's say, one-off issues or items in Q4 or in Q1, which a little bit distort the picture? [Hans], thanks a lot for these questions. maybe from my side about grid, I think, what we see there is, we see that the strain on that grid is increasing as a consequence of the energy transition. I think it's first happening in the Netherlands because we've built the most infrastructure there. I think through many reasons, sort of the energy transition is definitely front runner market, if you might say. I think what we also see is that there's very good developments happening to mitigate the issue. grid operators are being provided with opportunities by the consumer authorities, the ACM, to start prioritizing grid connections. We are working on that. of course, there's at some point physical limitations. We will need to work with what we and they have. I think in the end it is a delay in that sense, but it's a delay which also highlights our, let's say, scarce position, if you might say. It's a bit working on both ends. In other markets, I think we slowly see similar things happening in the U.K. They have maybe a bit of a weaker grid than in other countries. That is also a consequence on why the rollout of those stations is maybe going less quickly there than in some other countries. In France and Germany we see, basically we don't see this development that much yet. The majority of our growth path will be across Europe. I think towards our growth in the longer term, the effect should not be that significant. I think if you talk about the risk in that sense, it's very much related to the Netherlands, and it is starting to be mitigated by what the policymakers want to see happening as well. Then maybe to Victor on AFIR. Yeah. Good morning, [Hans]. Thanks for your question. On operational EBITDA and the network operation costs, I think maybe starting more high level at that. Network operation costs per charger were EUR 11,800 in 2020, EUR 11,000 in 2021, EUR 12,700 in 2022. I think, yeah, that is relatively stable when you compare it to the triple-digit growth rates we had in each of those years. I think, yeah, I think to give you some insight, as so we're basically, as at growing the teams, growing the operating teams, the maintenance engineers in different markets, at market entries, we're growing the network operation teams here in Amsterdam. That sort of goes in a bit in leaps and bounds. If you look at the overall picture over the last couple of years, yeah, I think it's, I'm very happy with the relative stability that we have there. Yes, in Q4 last year, we had some costs that applies basically to the whole year. Second half network operation cost per charger aren't representative for going forward. The EUR 12,700 is, in 2022 is the more representative number. If you, we look at this year's costs, our growth plans this year in terms of mainly a number of staff in those network operations teams and also the growth in number of charges, we, as we also indicated in the presentation, we see that network operation costs per charger to be around EUR 12,000 again. I hope that answers your question. That certainly helps. Going back on the grid connections, delay, I hear what you say with respect to the Netherlands and U.K. and France and Switzerland. I can imagine that also in Belgium and especially in Germany, of course, the whole energy transition, there could be some pressure going forward. How do you incorporate in your guidance any further delays or further deterioration in grid connections? Is that? Or do you assume the current status is what we have included? I think it's difficult from our side, because in that sense, yeah, we have the data, from what we see happening in the Netherlands, but we don't see it yet in France or in Belgium. You know, to some extent, you could say the development of infrastructure in these countries is lagging with what we have been doing in the Netherlands, maybe by a couple of years. Yeah, you might see constraints in these countries maybe popping up in 2025 or so. Yeah, do we have the data to, yeah, to, you know, to build that outlook? Yeah, we don't, because we just don't have the information on these grids. We have to do it with basically the, yeah, the results of what we see. Okay, thanks. Thank you. We'll take our next question from Marc Hesselink from ING. Please go ahead, sir. Your line is open. Yes. Thanks for the follow-up. One question actually on the what you said on the concessions, that the first one running off in 2027. What is your idea that, how will it be structured? Will it be similar, like how it was with the petrol stations in the past, that's open for all, and then, you have to target for your own stations again, and then maybe decommission it, if you don't win it. How do you think it will work? I think the answer is that to a large extent, it's still to be seen. I think the policy proposal that's now out is more about, let's say governing sort of the high level rules. Saying, okay, there will be separate tenders for petrol stations and charging stations. That's something we're very happy with, the fact that there will be a roadmap to phase out petrol stations. I think there's, in that sense, there's already a lot of, sort of the basic ruling starting to get into place. How these tenders that in the end will sort of, yeah, issue these rights, that is really something that they need to, that they need to work on still. There's no news on that. Logically, we're advocating for things like quality in these tenders because we do see still a lot of infrastructure being out there with red tape around it. That doesn't help the EV driver. It also doesn't lead to faster realization of infrastructure. That is under discussion, but there's no result out there yet. Does that give you a bit of sort of a framing on where it's headed? Yeah. Am I right to assume that given that you already run the station and you already have your assets there, actually, that you're sort of in an advantage if a new tender comes up? Logically, there's some advantages that we have, right? We already have a cable running there. We have contracted power. Yeah, we now have learned that that contracted power is a very strategic asset. The question, of course, is, like, how t hose things are things that other parties don't have. We will see how that develops in these tenders, what the advantages that will bring. There's definitely things that we bring along that newcomers in the market don't have. Okay. Do you know when there will be more detail on this? The expectation is that by 2024, at least this new policy is out there, so the ingredients are there now. Whether or not that will include sort of a full layout on how potential tenders will look like, we will still have to see. Looking at the developments with policies, I think it's probably gonna take a little bit longer even. Okay. Clear. Thank you. Thank you. Yeah. Do you want to. Yes. Are we okay to take more questions? Yeah. Maybe let's take one more question and then we wind up our call and then we would say thank you everyone for listening. All right. Okay. We'll take our next question from Thijs Berkelder from ABN AMRO ODDO BHF. Please go ahead. Your line is open. It's Thijs again. I had two additional questions. Can you maybe give us an a flavor update on what you witness in the uptake in France following your delivery of these stations? How rapidly, let's say, are these filling up with traffic, yes or no? Is that above or below your expectations? The second question is more on, let's say, peers of yours having received big financing plug-ins, peers such as Powerdot, Electra and InstaVolt. Are you seeing them now appearing in your, let's say, target scope? Yeah, maybe shall I start on France? I think it's, to a large extent, it's early days. Yeah, we opened a lot of the stations only recently. I think what you see in general in France is that also holiday periods are very important. We've just had Easter, where we saw records utilizations at our French stations over the last week. I think, yeah, it's basically in line with our expectations so far. I'm thinking about what to answer on, let's say, funding of competitors. I think it's not something we're following in that sense. We're not analysts of these companies, if you might say. I think we don't see them that often in, let's say, the larger service area tenders. I think probably that's just a consequence of them being, let's say, a relatively young startup that just doesn't have the experience to deliver to such a questionnaire. We do see them here and there. I think when you look at Electra, I think they're mostly sort of focused on building sites at hotels in France. You might say that's also a bit of a different business model to some extent. The question, of course, is to what extent they will be seen in service area tenders in other countries in the near future. Until now, we've seen mostly they're the more logical contenders that we expect from sort of the existing market, basically parties like IONITY or EVBox or ENGIE. I think it's more, basically, it's more the experience base that is required for these tenders. Is that a bit of color on that topic? Yeah. Thijs, I think it's not very clear to say, right? It's, we also sometimes we just simply don't have the data, or it's more like something we hear here and there. Yeah. No, I was just curious whether after these hundreds of millions being pushed in, you now suddenly see these parties, popping up, in your territories? No, I think, yeah, maybe to add a bit on it. I think we mostly on these service area tenders, we mostly see parties that can lean on either the experience that we've built with service areas in the Netherlands or parties that have built serious other infrastructure. More from a utility background or from a fossil background in that sense. Yeah. Oh, okay. Clear. Thanks. All right. Thank you. Thanks a lot. Thank you everyone for your time, I would say, and see each other in three months time. Thanks, operator. Thank you.