Hello and welcome to IMCD and the full year of 2023 results. My name is Alicia, and I will be your coordinator for today's event. Please note, this call is being recorded, and for the duration of the call, your lines will be on listen only. However, you will have the opportunity to ask questions at the end of the call. This can be done by pressing star one on your telephone keypad to register your question. If you require assistance at any point, please press star zero, and you will be connected to an operator. I will now hand you over to Valerie Diele-Braun, CEO, and Hans Kooijmans, CFO, during today's conference. Thank you. Good morning, everyone, and welcome to the first IMCD analyst call since I started as CEO of IMCD on the 1st of January. As used from the past, I'm here with my colleague Hans Kooijmans, the CFO of IMCD, who will lead you through the detailed financial results after my preliminary remarks, and then we are open to answer your questions. Let me start by sharing with you what pleasure it is for me to be with you today and to be part of this exciting company, which I had the honor to accompany in the past years as supervisory board member before joining the management board in October and then becoming the CEO two months ago. Based on my 27 years of working within the specialty chemicals industry, first with the Unilever Quest International division, which eventually became Givaudan, then with DSM, and later at Clariant of SK Capital at Archroma and as CEO of CABB Group, I could and can strongly see the benefits that IMCD brings every day to its suppliers and customers, and I look very much forward to developing this further. Let's, for the moment, focus on 2023. This has been a year of solidifying the strong growth we saw in 2022 and to continue working on the foundation to be able to absorb growth also in the future. IMCD showed resilience despite difficult markets. After an exceptionally strong 2022, we recorded revenues of EUR 4.4 billion and operating EBITDA of EUR 550 million, a 3% decrease on constant currency basis. Ensuring, however, stabilization of the business despite challenging market conditions and partially reduced demand. We continue to invest strongly into our business to ensure a healthy platform for future growth. Here are some examples of our initiatives: strong investment in new and omnichannel digital solutions to further improve the buying process and customer intimacy. Continuous investment and upgrading of our global integrated ERP and CRM platforms to further optimize internal processes and reporting for our principals. Acquisitions of 13 companies over the course of the year 2023. And having signed an additional five transactions to be closed in 2024 to accelerate the spread and breadth of IMCD geographically as well as in business areas. Last but not least, the development of tools to facilitate the collaboration of our people and to ensure continuous learning and further improvement. Based on these investments and our proven resilience throughout our history, we remain very positive about our ability to grow organically and by adding businesses. Given the macroeconomic circumstances, it is, however, prudent not to give a near-term outlook. Hans will now give you a short update on the numbers. Hans, thank you. Valerie, thanks for the introduction. During Valerie's opening remarks, we clicked through a couple of slides with a few highlights of 2023, some key financials, an overview of the 18 acquisitions that we either signed or closed during the last year, a further resummarized progress made on various ESG topics. While preparing for this call, I came to realize that 2023 marks IMCD's 10th anniversary as a listed company. Over this 10-year period on Euronext Amsterdam, we transitioned from a small-cap entity to a mid-cap and eventually secured a position among the top 25 listed companies in Amsterdam. This remarkable journey was made possible by a robust financial performance throughout these 10 years. This slide captures, in a nutshell, this decade by showing you the development of our EBITDA and CAGR earnings per share. As shown on this slide, we reported an impressive 18%-19% growth CAGR on both metrics over the entire listed period. Earlier today, we published our first integrated report, an informative, colorful document about IMCD's business and a lot of details about our financial and non-financial performance. Key financial figures from this integrated report are summarized in a press release that we issued this morning. In this call, I will quickly take you through the financial numbers before we move to Q&A. On page 13 of the presentation, a summary of a few key figures, and you could see that Forex adjusted revenue more or less equal to last year and gross profit increase of 2% compared to record year 2022. The 2% increase in gross profit was a combination of 3% organic decline and 5% growth as a result of the first-time inclusion of acquisitions. For an overview of the acquisitions that we closed in 2023, I would like to refer to page seven, eight, and nine of this presentation. Gross profit percentage of revenue increased 0.4% to 25.3%. The segment in MEIA was the biggest contributor to the improved margin percentage. The increase in gross margin percentage is the result of internal margin improvement initiatives, the in general negative impact of newly acquired businesses, the usual changes in local market circumstances combined with product mix and currency fluctuations. On this page, for your convenience, we included a line with operating EBITDA comparison. However, the development of EBITDA shown in the next line seems more relevant to us as you know, IMCD is a people organization, has an asset-light business model with outsourced logistics and a very low fixed asset base. Operating EBITDA decreased 3% on a constant currency basis to EUR 550 million, as mentioned before by Valerie. This decrease was a combination of -7% organic, partly compensated by 4% growth as a result of the first-time inclusion of acquisitions. Operating EBITDA in percentage of revenue slightly decreased from 12%-11.6%. The conversion margin calculated as operating EBITDA in percentage of gross profit decreased from 48.3% last year to 45.8% in 2023. This decrease in conversion margin is mainly the result of less gross profit and, to a lesser extent, the impact of the first-time inclusion of acquisitions, acquisitions with an average lower conversion margins than the average of IMCD. The organic increase of own cost, a 2% cost increase, was modest, especially modest given the impact of higher than usual cost inflation in most of the regions IMCD operates in. On the next slide, a few key figures from the P&L per operating segment. As you can see, we focus here on gross profit and EBITDA development. On gross profit and EBITDA, you will see the difference between the two years, 2022 and 2023, and I've split it in organic growth, acquisition growth, and currency impact. But first, looking at the currency impact, it's fair to say that we had quite some headwind last year. We had a 4% negative currency impact on gross profit and EBITDA and a negative impact of more than EUR 40 million on gross profit and about EUR 25 million negative on EBITDA. It's fair to say that this negative currency impact more or less wiped away the positive contribution of acquisitions. When looking at the segments, we report an organic decline on both gross profit and EBITDA in the Americas. A decline, of course, is not something to be proud about. However, I think we should keep in mind what happened in 2022 to bring this decline a bit in perspective. To refresh memory, in 2022, we reported record growth figures in the Americas with 53% gross profit growth and 73% EBITDA growth, 73% in 2022. In the course of 2022, we saw all kinds of supply chain issues coming to an end, resulting in huge demand, customers massively overstocking. In 2023, we saw more or less the opposite, a decrease in final customer demand combined with massive destocking, resulting in difficult market conditions, especially in the more industrial segments. The EUR 155 million EBITDA reporting for 2023 is still way above the EUR 113 million EBITDA reported in 2021. In the Americas, in the period 2021-2023, we reported a healthy 37% EBITDA growth. Same for Americas' conversion margin, which is slightly below 2022 but still better than 2021. In MEIA and Asia Pacific, the other two columns here, performance was solid despite challenging market conditions. Organic growth was flat in MEIA, and in Asia Pacific, we report mid-single digit organic growth on both gross profit and EBITDA. The MEIA conversion margin was more or less equal to 2022. In Asia Pacific, we report a slight decrease in EBITDA margin and conversion ratio. This decrease in Asia Pacific is mainly the result of acquisitions completed in 2022 and 2023 with lower than average IMCD margins. Then in the last column, you will find in the holding companies, all non-operating companies, including the head office in Rotterdam, the regional support offices in Singapore and the U.S. As you can see, holding cost as a percentage of total revenue remains stable at 0.7% of revenue. On the next slide, you will find a summary of the P&L lines from EBITDA to the net result for the period and a few general remarks, whereby I would like to start on the bottom half of this slide with amortization of intangible assets and the related tax credits. As you know, these are the non-cash costs related to the amortization of supplier relations, distribution rights, and other intangibles as a result of the acquisitions that we did. There is EUR 5 million of non-recurring items. This EUR 5 million is a combination of costs related to realized and non-realized acquisitions, cost of one-off adjustments to the organization, partly offset by a EUR 7 million positive result of a sale of a warehouse that we still had in the U.S. Then if I move to the other two lines, net finance and tax cost, first, a breakdown of the finance costs. On slide 16, a breakdown where you could see that the finance costs are adding up to EUR 25 million, which is about 1 million lower than previous year. And this EUR 1 million decrease is, as you could see, a combination of EUR 20 million higher interest costs related to our financing structure and a positive change in deferred considerations of EUR 22 million and more or less similar negative currency results compared to last year. The higher interest cost on the financing structure is mainly the result of increasing interest rates during 2023 combined with an on average higher net debt amount. And when looking at our debt position, it's fair to say that our future exposure to interest rate fluctuations further reduced to 2023 during 2023. That's about EUR 1.1 billion of our actual debt position, I should phrase it slightly different. If you look at our net debt position, there is a position of about EUR 1.1 billion in there that consists of corporate bonds with a fixed coupon. As you might have seen, we have EUR 2,300 million bonds with an average interest rate of 2.3%. Further, we issued in September last year a new EUR 500 million bond at a rate just below 5%. So the blended interest rate on these bonds is just below 3.5%. A bit more complicated line, and that's the change in deferred considerations. As you might remember, part of our net debt refers to deferred purchase price considerations, like, for instance, the 30% for Signet in India and Sanrise in China. The nominal values of these deferred considerations are debt items and discounted with an interest rate triggering additional interest costs. Further on this line, we need to reflect changes of the expected value of the deferred consideration as a result of changes in expected financial performance of the companies the deferred consideration relates to. And as you know, the purchase price of these minority shares are linked to the actual performance. The IFRS treatment of differences between estimated and actual performance resulted this year in a rather, at least for us, confusing accounting treatment. First, we have the result of Signet in India, which developed much better than anticipated. And this positive development resulted in a EUR 50 million increase in the fair value of the deferred consideration related to the remaining 30% of the shares in these companies. And then, based on the requirements of IFRS, we had to report this increase not as cost but direct against equity. And where Signet had better results than expected at the end of 2022, we saw the opposite in companies like Sunrise and Megasetia. And that resulted in a decrease of the fair value of their deferred considerations. And this decrease, combined with the usual interest costs related to the discounted value of the deferred considerations, added up to a benefit of EUR 29 million, a benefit that is reflected in the P&L as interest and that is based on IFRS requirements. So when making your financial model, I could imagine to adjust for these IFRS-related adjustments. Then on the next page, our income tax expenses, where we report a decrease of our regular income tax of EUR 12 million. As a guidance for our tax cost, we indicated to you to expect a blended tax rate in the range of 24%-28% of result before tax, calculated as EBITDA minus finance and non-recurring costs. As you will notice in the summary on the bottom of this page, it indicates that IMCD's blended regular tax rate was 24.7%, which is slightly below the 2022 level and still at the low end of the guidance that we gave you. The tax cash out that we paid in 2023 was EUR 124 million compared to EUR 130 million in 2022. I would like to refer to the integrated report for further details on the tax calculation. On the next page, the calculation of cash earnings per share and our dividend proposal. As you can see on this slide, we report EUR 6.41 cash earnings per share in 2023. At the AGM in May, we will propose a dividend of EUR 2.24 in cash per share, which means a payout ratio of 35%, which is at the top end of the range that we set ourselves as a policy and a policy that we also shared with you. We like to be consistent in our messaging there. Since our listing in 2014, we increased our dividend from EUR 0.20 in 2014 to the proposed EUR 2.24 in 2023, which means a CAGR of 31% during the period that we are listed on the stock market. Page 19, a summary of the balance sheet of IMCD. Property, plant and equipment slightly increased, still relatively low compared to the size of our business, which is, of course, logical as a consequence of the asset-light business model. We have a variety of right-of-use assets. That is the result of the application of IFRS 16. So this EUR 100 million basically reflects the capitalized operational leases and more or less the same amount you will find back as a net debt item later on in the balance sheet. Then intangible assets and related deferred tax liabilities are mainly the result of the acquisitions made. You could see a growing equity position of about EUR 1.7 billion covering 57% of capital employed. And the increase in 2023 is, amongst others, the result of the addition of the net profit of for the year of EUR 292 million and a minus for the dividend payments in cash of EUR 135 million. The two other balance sheet lines, working capital and net debt, are summarized on a separate slide. On page 20, a summary of the absolute amounts of the various working capital components and then these absolute amounts translated in days of revenue. As you can see, the absolute working capital amount decreased EUR 6 million. This decrease is a combination of EUR 57 million additional working capital related to the 2023 acquisitions. We report a minus EUR 19 million as a result of exchange rate differences and calculating this on a year-end basis. Further, we report a EUR 44 million operational decrease in 2023, which is mainly a result of lower activity levels that we reported. If you look at the days, we improved on year-end stock and creditor days, whereby debtor days came back to a more normal historic level. On the debt side, page 21, a summary of our net debt position. At the end of 2023, we report EUR 1.3 billion of net debt. This net debt position includes the EUR 1.1 billion of corporate bonds and the bonds that I explained before. Further, it includes EUR 103 million operational lease liabilities, the result of that IFRS 16, and about EUR 345 million of deferred considerations. About 70% of this deferred consideration position relates to the remaining 30% of Signet, which we paid and acquired on the 1st of February this year. On this same page, an overview of the maturity profile of our debt structure as per December 2023. With the new bond and the extended term of the revolver, we created a nice maturity profile in our debt portfolio. The EUR 700 million revolver facility shown on this sheet reflects the maximum amount we can use as per today. The reported leverage at the end of 2023 was 2.3x EBITDA. The leverage based on the definitions in the loan documentation was 1.7 x EBITDA, which was well below the required maximum as set in the loan documentation. The last financial slide, cash flow, perhaps one of the most important slides. As you can see, the absolute amount of free cash flow in 2023 was EUR 554 million, whereby the cash conversion ratio increased from 77%-105%. And this increase in conversion ratio is a combination of lower operating EBITDA, which is more than compensated by EUR 161 million cash coming out of lower working capital investments. And then as a last slide in this deck, you will find the outlook in which we, among others, indicate that IMCD sees interesting opportunities to increase its global footprint and to expand its product portfolio both organically and by acquisitions in 2024. So far, a summary of the 2023 figures. Valerie and myself are happy to answer any questions you might have. I would like to give back to Alicia, the operator. Thank you. As a reminder, if you would like to ask a question or make a contribution on today's call, please press star one on your telephone keypad. To withdraw your question, please press star two. We'll take now the first question from Annelies Vermeulen from Morgan Stanley. Your line is open now. Hi. Good morning. I have two questions, please. So the nine-month report, you talked about expecting Q4 to be better on a sequential basis, particularly in terms of volumes. It sounds like that has been the case. I'm just wondering about the moving parts within that. Were there any differences in the geographies that you expected to be better or not? It sounds like the U.S. still remains more challenging. But any comments you have on that? And on a related note, now that we're two months into the first quarter, could you perhaps comment on the performance of the business and the outlook for your order book so far in 2024? And should we expect a further sequential improvement in Q1 relative to Q4, notwithstanding the usual seasonality effects? That's the first question. And then secondly, just on your conversion margin, you've clearly seen a reset in 2023 from the exceptionally high levels of 2021 and 2022. How should we think about the conversion margin going forward? Do you think this is now the new normal level? Do you think there is a further reset needed still in 2024? Or equally, do you think that you can continue to grow the conversion margin from the 45-ish% you've reported today? Thank you. Thank you for your question. I would say I take the first two on Q4 and Q1, and Hans takes then the last one in terms of conversion margin. So Q4, I mean, we continue to see that Americas have not come back at the same degree. And that also, of course, has to do due to the fact that our industrials are strong in Americas. In terms of the other two, it was basically on par with our expectations. And in terms of Q1, we have not seen two trends. So I think it's a bit too early to talk about it. We see that customers are still concerned about inventories, not in terms of having them, but in terms of not building new ones. And therefore, we see smaller order size, more frequent orders. And I think it would be too early to talk about Q1 at this point in time. If you want to take. Yeah. So the question about is the current conversion margin and your normal going forward, that is, of course, difficult to predict in a business like ours. But if I look at the components, we never give guidance on future developments with respect to results. But what we definitely will see this year is that the relatively high-costing increase that we saw last year as a result of the higher inflation environment which we operate in, which we had to manage and we could manage pretty well by, on the one hand, being very careful on adding new people to the structure, saving a bit on the bonus component because we did not make our targets there. So there, we will see a bit of stabilization. And on the margin side, yeah, that is the bigger known. That is, in the end of the day, the biggest factor that will drive the conversion ratio. So if we grow, then we could improve. And let's see how that develops. But I don't want to pinpoint on what is a new number going forward. Okay. Understood. Thank you. We'll take now the next question from Matthew Yates from Bank of America. Your line is open now. Hey. Good morning, everyone. Firstly, Valerie, welcome. Now, having spent time on the board, I won't ask you for your first impressions of the company. But now that you're in the CEO seat, what are your top one or two priorities for the coming year where you think your experience and skill set can have a positive impact on the group's strategy and execution? And then maybe a second question for Hans, not really around the intricacies of the IFRS accounting, but just given how important M&A is to your strategy, I did want to come back and ask about the earnout release. I think you said it was Megasetia and Sunrise. Is there a negative surprise here since taking over the businesses that they are, frankly, not as good as you thought they were going to be? Or have you had some unforeseen integration issues since owning them? Or do we need to look at it more in the context of how aggressive or optimistic the business case was for structuring the earnout to begin with? And please forgive my cynicism, but just on Signet, which you said was doing much better than expected, is there any risk here that sales have been inflated and pulled forward ahead of that minority buyout? Or has the business continued to perform very well since the turn of the year? Thank you. So I started and then I hand over to Hans. I mean, in terms of strategy and what my plans are for the company, being on the board, I really fell in love with IMCD, I have to say, because it is an acquisition machine and it has such a strong business model. Where I think that I can add something substantial is really on the digital and the sustainability journey because coming from the principal side, I think I do know what principals are looking for. And having been even the customer of IMCD, I do know what I want as a customer. And there, I think, is where we see, of course, at the moment, in general, in the market, a huge development and a fast one and where we have to make sure. I think we have the toolbox on which we can build on to continue on a journey to, yeah, go with the transition of the markets. So sustainability and digital is where I will add and where I will have the focus. But in the end, we are also people, organization, and, of course, on the people side, training, development, changing demographics of the markets. That's another one that we have to be careful with and forever focus on developing further. Hans? Yeah. And Matthew, that's been a very valid question on deferred consideration. Perhaps first, more in general, when we do acquisition and when we talk with owners, there is always a debate about what is the sustainable profit level in the company and how should we value future growth. And what we often see when owners sell their business to us, then they claim that there will be record growth in the coming years. And then we typically structure deals in the way that we say, "Okay, we pay you 70% upfront on the basis of the value that we see at that moment in time." And then we make the accrual for the deferred consideration on the basis of what we could call the growth model that the owners present to us. And in some cases, it's a bit of a hockey stick. In some cases, people are very optimistic. But we take a prudent approach there. We follow their guidance. And on that basis, we create a deferred consideration. If I don't look at the different cases that we now talk about, if I look at the Signet case, if you look at our annual reports, I understand your cynical feeling that there was a big uptick in the last year. And you could think about prestocking or front-loading your customers. What happened with Signet is that we bought a pharma business in India where we expected quite some commercial synergies between the existing structure of Signet and the pharma platform that we have globally. If you look back in our last 3 annual accounts, in every annual account, you see an increase of the expected deferred consideration of Signet, basically meaning that year after year, they overperformed and that we had to increase the expected deferred consideration because of overperformance on his own business model. A big part of that was also the result of synergies that we could bring to the table. If I look at the other two cases that you just referred to, Megasetia and Sunrise, there we saw a situation whereby Sunrise, a personal care company in China, a market going down in China, a very strong supply base. Basically, here, the way we structured the transaction pays off. If we then see that the result goes down, also the purchase price that we need to pay for the remaining 30% comes down. That leads then to a blended purchase price that is still pretty okay compared to the profit levels that we make there. A similar situation in Megasetia. For me, this is more a proof that the model that we use, so sharing the risk but also sharing the upside with former owners, it works. Only the accounting treatment is rather weird because basically, you get a bonus in your P&L if they underperform on the management case. You get a hit either in your P&L or through equity, depending on timing of the payment, if they overperform. That is why I think it is a strange way of accounting. But yeah, I need to follow the rules here of IFRS. It's a bit of a long answer to your question, but I hope it helps. Thank you both. Cheers. We'll take the next question from Suhasini Varanasi from Goldman Sachs. Your line is open now. Hi. Good morning. Thank you for taking my questions. Maybe I'll take them one by one. Can you maybe discuss the demand environment in APAC, please, in 4Q, China versus the other countries? It looks like APAC saw some improvement in 4Q. So anything that you can highlight across the countries that will be helpful? And secondly, if I think about the Red Sea disruptions, is there any increase in, let's say, supply chain constraints resulting from that disruption? Thank you. I think I would take the Red Sea disruption and would refer to the countries to Hans. In terms of the Red Sea disruption, clearly, we see a delay in arrival of product, which also means that there is a shift between months now. We see also an increase in costs, which, however, is, in general, transferred to the customers because we are not the only ones that hit by this. And otherwise, I would see at this point in time, we don't see any other changes to this. Yeah. And then talking about Asia-Pacific, perhaps to remind you of the structure that we have there. In Asia-Pacific, we have different regions with different developments. We briefly spoke about India. That's by far the biggest region right now in Asia-Pacific. Then we have Australia as a solid and mature market with completely different dynamics than Southeast Asia, China. So if I look at Q4, I think it's fair to say I just explained a bit around Signet but also the other businesses in the healthy performance. China, I would say now I look at Valerie. But Valerie, if I would say the market is still not really optimistic there, then I put it mildly, perhaps. And that also has an impact on surrounding countries. But what we see is that by adding a couple of acquisitions, we also strengthened our base there. We created commercial synergies. That, of course, helps us to grow then despite difficult market conditions in those regions. All in all, I think pretty happy with the performance in the last quarter there. Thank you. If I may ask one more question, please. Peers in specialty chemical distribution have mentioned that the mix of industrials versus life sciences in 2023 was generally in favor of life sciences with very weak demand in industrials. That actually helped the gross margin profile in 2023. If that picks up in 2024, industrial demand, then the gross margin mix could actually be a little bit diluted. I just wanted to get your sense on how trends have been in 2023. I think it's too early to talk about that because, of course, the mix is very much depending also within life sciences where there are any movements. So I would say what we don't hear from the commercial team is that there is strong noise about any price decreases in the market. In terms of our mix, yeah, there is, depending on the market, a little bit of a movement. But across the base, there should not be anything substantial that really rocks the boat, so to say. I don't know what terminology we should use, Hans. No. And I think your question is coming from the fact that you have the feeling that, on average, gross margins on life science are higher than on the industrial side. Is that the background question? Yes. Yes. Exactly. Yeah. And I think that differs per region, per market segment. For sure, we have seen a bit of a swing this year that most of the difficulties, and especially in the Americas, were related to the more industrial applications. But I can assure you that we make quite reasonable margins in that market segment. I see. Got it. It could all have an impact. For me, this is more the usual swings between the different business groups and lines and products. So many dynamics play a role there that it's very difficult to talk in general. Understood. Thank you very much. We'll take now the next question from Chetan Udeshi from JP Morgan. Your line is open now. Yeah. Hi. Morning. Thanks. Sorry to be a bit of a numbers junkie here, but I'll try anyway. Maybe this is for Hans. If I look at your Q4 numbers, and I know you don't give us the organic components and M&A components by quarter, but if I just back out from what you told us for the first nine months and full year, it seems like the gross profit and I mean, gross profit and EBITDA both have grown organically year-on-year in Q4. But at the same time, the M&A contribution, especially on EBITDA, went to a very, very small number despite all the acquisitions. So can you first confirm those numbers? Because I know you do the rounding, and that can swing the numbers, especially on a quarterly basis. So just to understand, if you have the numbers to hand, what would be the organic contribution for gross profit and EBITDA and also M&A component? And second, I understand you don't want to guide for Q1 or full year, and you never do. But do you feel confident that you can at least grow organically both in Q1 and full year 2024? Just given the comps will get easier through the year, but I guess there's still a bit of typical comps in Q1. But just curious if you think organically, at least, you feel confident enough to grow both in Q1 and full year 2024. Thank you. Let me start with good news, the fact that from 2024 onwards, we will share with you organic growth figures per quarter on the different segments so that we don't need to do the guessing anymore. I think that will help also in the conversations. If I look at M&A contribution Q3, Q4, I think the M&A contribution was more or less similar, close to each other. I think there was perhaps a gap of less than EUR 1 million between the two quarters. So I don't see a decrease there. Then on the prediction for next year, yeah, it's far too early to give guidance. If I look back at last year when we had to call Q1, I still remember my colleague Piet van der Slikke at that moment in time. He was very, very optimistic about 2023. We started the year with what turned out to be the best quarter of last year. At the moment that we had that full-year call, we were confident that that was the normal at that moment in time. We all know what happened since. For us, this year, the first quarter is the most difficult one to beat. Then it becomes I won't call it easier, but at least more in line with the market conditions that we perceived in the second half of last year. I'm cautious there to make any predictions because I learned or relearned our lesson last year, being very positive in this call, this time of the year, and then experiencing a completely different year than expected. Can you confirm Q4 organically was up? Yep. Thanks. Organical. We'll take now our next question from Rikin Patel from BNP Exane. Your line is open now. Thank you. Hi. Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. I had one on gross profit per unit. At Q3, you mentioned that you've seen some stabilization. I'm just curious how that has developed quarter to date, if you could give any insights on that. And then secondly, Valerie, given your experience on the principal side, I'm curious to hear if you have any thoughts around some of the consolidation on the producer side that we've seen in the past year and how that could impact formulation and specialty distribution. Thank you. I'm sorry. Did I cross the question? Any changes on the principal side in? From the consolidation that we've seen in the industry over the past year. Yeah. Noticed that? Yeah. The gross margin question, we reported around about 25% in the last two quarters of last year. So that feels like a stabilization. And let's see what we report in April on Q1 to see if that continues. It's too early to predict. And the reason that I say that is that what we see is that average order size is still small. We see a lot of customers, but what Valerie already indicated, nobody wants to build stock in the current environment. So people order just in time, small quantities. They all have the flexibility to move their orders into the next month or so. So the visibility is always low in our type of business. We typically have what is it? four, five, six weeks of order book that we see. But at the moment, it's even more foggy, I would say. So it's difficult to predict. On the consolidation, I mean, clearly, this is a trend that has gone on for the last, what, 20, 30 years, including I myself was bought once or twice. I don't think it will change anything for IMCD. What I think what is important also to note, the relationships that we have with our principals are across many countries and for a long time in the majority of cases. I have visited them all in the last few months. The relationship is really excellent in terms of the collaboration and activities. I don't see at this point in time any notion of a change due to consolidation. Okay. Great. Thank you. That's it. Sorry. We'll take now the next question from Dominic Edridge from Deutsche Bank. Your line is open now. Hi there. Thanks for taking the question. It was just actually a non-financial question. It's actually about employees. I noticed that your employee turnover is now at 18%. I think it was 15% in 2022. I think going back pre-crisis, it was around 14%-15%. I think you also make comments in the report about watching turnover quite carefully. Could you maybe discuss what you're finding about why employees are moving? Secondly, your thoughts on I'd imagine you want to keep employee turnover as relatively low. Could you just say any plans you might have internally to maybe work on that? Thank you very much. Yeah. So good question. One that we have, of course, also looked into. I mean, there is one effect, which is when we close warehouses, there is a number of people that all of a sudden move from our numbers into the numbers of our 3PL logistic provider. And therefore, these numbers would be something that we actually expect. There's also a certain element of synergies when we acquire companies, of people moving out because they want to stay in a small environment and people double functions. So that is a second one. We also believe - and this is a bit of a more soft factor - of a post-COVID effect. I mean, in some countries, it really only in 2023 started to normalize. People have, as we all know, moved more after COVID because during the COVID times, they didn't want to disrupt their lives. The transfer into other countries was not possible. But at the same time, we are watching these numbers. Clearly, this is a very important one for us to review. We would hope to, yeah, to ensure that we will get to lower numbers in terms of attrition. Demographics, to a certain degree, also play a role. I mean, we do have still also in some countries, people who are retiring. Yeah. Anything you want to add, Hans, here? No. No. Perhaps to add on the warehouse remark that Valerie just made. And we are an asset-light company. So in principle, we outsource logistics. But every now and then, when we do acquisitions, we buy businesses whereby the former owners had a different setup and also operated their warehouses themselves. And what you then will see over time is that every now and then, we sell off assets. We basically move then the warehouse people into a logistics service provider organization. And that is what Valerie rightly mentioned, included then also in these turnover ratios. As a positive, also, every now and then, we have a bit of a profit when we sell these properties off, like the EUR 7 million that we gained this year as an extraordinary income in the Americas. Okay. Clear. So in other words, sort of voluntary turnover is maybe less what has been less volatile, you feel, than. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. I think it would normalize for all these type of items. I think it will be slightly higher than longer-term average. I think it's fair to say that post-COVID plays a bit of a role there. Okay. That's very clear. Thank you very much. We'll take now the next question from Jurrien Moller from ING. Your line is open now. Yeah. Morning, everyone. Valerie, welcome. Thank you. I have a couple of questions here. First of all, thank you for the breakdown between organic and. I will. The non-organic. That's fine. It saves a lot of time and estimates, but that's fine. My questions. First of all, can you maybe give some more feeling about the difference between Latin America and North America? Because in my view, Latin America was quite weak for most of the year. It looks like America is not recovering anyway. So maybe you can give some feeling there. I think the second question, I will ask later on if allowed. Shall I? You can. Yeah. I think for us, Quirijn, you make a step between Latin and North America. I think that is a way to look at the markets. You could also look at industrial versus life science and the developments there. And then it's fair to say that for us, North America, based on the history of the companies that we acquired there, that we are a bit more active on the industrial side than on the life science side. So there's work to be done to get a decent position on life science there. So that plays a role in where you see an impact. I think there are different developments in different countries in the region. Just as an example, Canada and Brazil have different dynamics. And that leads to a different outcome and a different impact. I think for us, in general, it played a role than what I would call the country differences. Okay. Okay. Fine. My second question is about can you hear me? Yes. Perfect. Yes. Loud and clear. Okay. Perfect. No, no, no. It's still in time. So the second question is about the acquisitions in Asia-Pacific. If I look at the gross margin of the acquisition, that's 16%, 1/6, based on the new breakdowns. How long will you take to bring that to the average level in Asia-Pacific, given the 23% you have there? That's one. And then given the experience, let me say, with Sunrise and the Megasetia in Indonesia and China, has it any consequence for your M&A? Let me say, M&A efforts in these countries. First of all, Kiran, I think what we could release, this deferred consideration, indicates that the way we acquire works, that we protect ourselves for fluctuations of profitability of the targets that we acquire. If they overperform, we pay more. If they underperform their own business model, then we pay less. And we basically pay people on the basis of the profitability that we buy. So it will not have an impact on number or appetite to do acquisitions there. But it indicates that the way we structure the deals makes sense, I would say. Then your conclusion about the gross margin of these M&A targets in Asia-Pacific is right. That's also why we see that a little bit negative impact on overall ratios in the regions. We have a very, very high conversion margin and a very high gross margin compared to a lot of our peers in that region. What we then see is that if you buy, you typically buy companies at a lower ratios. There is an upside for us to improve that. But it's difficult to predict how quickly we can bring them to the levels that we are used to. That very much depends on market conditions. That very much depends on the type of activities and the quality of the supplier base and with whom we compete. I would also add to that. I mean, we are seeing Asia as a growth market. I mean, global for everybody in specialty chemicals. Therefore, it is really also the geographic footprint, first of all, that pushes us in the direction of acquiring these companies. And then we'll see if the best benefit is increasing the margins or if it is adding business to this or principals or expanding further. So we see lots of opportunities, how we actually can utilize these acquisitions. Yeah. I think I would also add that. Okay. That's it from my side. Thank you, Viren. We'll take now the next question from Nicole Sheridan from UBS. Your line is open now. Thank you. Hi. Good morning. Thank you for taking my questions. First of all, maybe could you comment about how your conversations with suppliers around pricing have been evolving in recent months? I know it's obviously difficult to generalize on this front, but any directional comment would still be useful. And secondly, just a comment on M&A pipeline. I think some of your peers have commented that maybe seller expectations have become a bit more realistic as some profit normalization has come through in the market. Again, understand this will differ case by case. But is this something you also recognize in your own conversations around M&A or not really? Thanks. I mean, I think taking maybe your second question first because I would not totally agree with that, the expectations have come down. We see that some people actually, some companies are saying, "Well, we had a fantastic 2022. We had a not-so-good 2023. So why should we sell now based on 2023 numbers?" So will the multiples come down and will these expectations come down? I'm not 100% sure. I don't know, Hans, if you have any different view to having done it more in 2023. No, first of all, the pipeline is really healthy. That is partly driven by what I would call difficult acquisition issues that owners have that they want to sell because there is nobody that can take over and partly the result of changing dynamics in the market. What these owners also see is that suppliers more and more want to work with fewer distributors in a bigger part of the market. If you have a small business, you cannot deliver that expectation. The same thing is that suppliers more and more expect you to have a technical infrastructure, that you have a digital infrastructure, and so on and so forth. That is also a reason for owners to basically look for alternatives, how they can support suppliers in these areas. One of the alternatives is sell themselves to people like us. If we talk about valuation with owners, then for a lot of these owners, 2022 was a record year. 2023 was longer. And then I come back on my previous point. So if we agree on pricing, we basically price on the basis of 2023. And we give these owners an upside if they bring their profit levels back to 2022 levels. And that then leads to a deferred consideration with all the technical remarks that I mentioned earlier in the call about what it does in the P&L. But that is the way how we, on the one hand, pay for today's profits. And at the same time, there's the opportunity to benefit from the fact if they really deliver on growth in the years thereafter. But the multiples, if they really come down, I doubt. It's more a discussion about what is the sustainable profit level going forward. Then your first question being about the pricing of our principals. Again, sorry to say that it depends on the markets. It depends on the segment. We don't see any dramatic movements in either direction. We have continuous discussions, of course, with them to ensure that we stay competitive and with that, they stay competitive. And there is nothing really different to report from the past, particularly if we look across the whole portfolio. Got it. Yeah. That's very helpful. Thank you. We'll take now the next question from Eric Wilmer from Van Lanschot Kempen. Your line is open now. Hi. Good morning, everyone. Thanks for taking my question. I think one of your Dutch key competitors, so its credit rating outlook being lower today. I was wondering, I think basically based on pretty aggressive acquisitions or acquisition policies over the past, I was wondering to what extent you could see this actually as an opportunity in terms of M&A going forward. Thank you. Yeah. Thank you, Eric, for the question. I know the company you refer to. I know that the interest rates for them went up heavily. And I know that that will have an impact on their credit rating. And that theoretically also means that if the private equity owner behind that will not put in additional capital, that it will be more complicated for them to do further M&A in the current market. At the same time, if you look at our credit rating, it's stable. And I think that's also one of the reasons that if you look at our profile, is that we are pretty prudent on the dividend that we pay. On the one hand, we say we stay at the high level of the guidance that we gave to the markets. When we went to the stock market 10 years ago, we told the market, "We will pay out somewhere between 25% and 35% of our net result normalized for amortization." We are at the high end of that spectrum already for a couple of years, 35%. Of course, we were tempted to say, "Okay, the profit goes down a couple of percentage. Let's keep the dividend at a similar level as last year." But we want to be there, I think, transparent and saying, "No, we have a policy that says between 25% and 35%." We are at the high end of that policy. We stick to that policy. And we want to be predictable on these type of things. And that also helps in keeping a good credit rating that's signed to these rating agencies. In the end of the day, we have an interest to keep those rating agencies also happy because part of the interest that we pay is linked to the ratings that we get from these rating agencies. We always need to make a bit of a trade-off here. Who do we want to please most? The rating agencies, the credits, the stability. I think consistency here and predictability here is important for us. Very clear. Thank you, Hans. Alicia, any other questions? So yes. There will go one more question from Stefano Toffano from ABN AMRO. Your line is open now. Yes. Good morning, everybody. Thank you. Most of my questions have been answered. I have two left. Last year, obviously, you remained cautious on the hiring. It seems like nothing has changed on that front. So maybe if you can confirm that. Then I had questions also related to what my colleague Kiran was referring about. In terms of continuous growth also via M&A in APAC, do you see any changes? Do you see the market there still as attractive as you have seen over the past few quarters? I'm asking because, obviously, the conversion margins there are much higher. The operating in the value generated from that segment is now, well, I think, almost as large as the Americas. It starts to become bigger and bigger. It will obviously impact the group conversion margin picture going forward if you continue to grow at a higher pace there. Thank you. Yeah. I think I would not with that immediately say the conversion margin is changing because that would be a little bit forward-looking. But I would say that Asia could definitely continue to be very attractive for us. It is, as I said before, a market in which more and more chemicals are being produced and more and more products are developed. So clearly, we want to participate in that and will continue to look at targets there and the pipeline also is looking healthy. In terms of hiring, we continue to be cautious. The market has not really turned. So I don't think we plan to start a hiring spree in 2024. We will, of course, as always, invest in where it is necessary and where it is beneficial for us in terms of supporting our principals and hunting for business. So yeah. Perfect. Thank you. Great. Alicia, that was the last question or any more? Yeah. We currently have no more questions. So yeah, I'll hand over to you now, Valerie. Thank you so much. It was a pleasure to be with you. I'm looking forward to the next quarterly call, which we have in a couple of months. Yeah, in the meantime, thank you for today.