Good morning, good day, and good evening, everyone out there, wherever you are calling in from. A very warm welcome to this presentation of Ericsson Mobility Report, November 2023 edition. It is the 25th edition since starting in 2011, and I'm happy to provide you with some insights on what we have in this report. I'm Peter Jonsson, Executive Editor of the Mobility Report. But with me today, I also have two esteemed colleagues that will guide you through some of the content of the report. That is Steve Davis, who is Strategic Marketing Director, and also part of the Ericsson Mobility Report content team. Also happy to announce that we have Mr. Nitin Bansal, Managing Director, Ericsson India, also with us to guide you through a really exciting article about the 5G rollout in India. So what do we have at hand in this fully packed edition of Mobility Report this time? It is 40 pages, which has become a standard in the latest years, and it includes an article together with Jio in India that we are writing. Apart from that, we also have a new extended forecast period, so going from 2028, which was the previous period, up to 2029. But not only do we have the forecast on traffic and subscription as normal, we also do have a lot of featuring articles that are going into some topics that are hot on the market. Of course, as we always have, we look into the 5G devices development in terms of features and capabilities, and the support in the network that will follow from that. We are also including a glimpse about what we see in terms of the evolution of reduced capability IoT devices, which is expected to come to market in the mid-2024, which we also believe will definitely expand the broadband IoT possibilities with this type of modules and devices coming to market. As usual, we have a regional outlook included, where we look into a bit more in one of the regions of the world. This time it is the exciting market of Sub-Saharan Africa, which of course comprise a lot of different countries with different type of rollouts and different types of maturity in terms of mobile connectivity. But here we'll take a look at both 4G and 5G development in the region. And we also have a short article about the ICT sector's footprint. That is the carbon footprint, actually, and what we see in terms of how the ICT sector is actually, contributing or improving their footprint in terms of carbon footprint, going up over to 2030, really. But apart from that, we also have three main feature articles, which we dig into a hot topic a bit more. And one of them are demand for indoor connectivity, driving the need for enhanced performance. I mean, we spend about 80% of our time indoors, and it's really important to have good connectivity. 5G is a really good thing for that, and we are looking into a few venues and places where 5G can actually make a difference and provide that connectivity in a good way. But not only in public areas and in venues, we are also looking into how 5G can enable agility in Gigafactories and green steel plants, with some use cases looking into how the production processes are actually affected by improved connectivity. Our article co-written with an operator this time is an article together with Jio in India. And here we have a large-scale 5G standalone deployment that is definitely going to drive the digital transformation in India. And I'm happy to say that, Nitin Bansal will go into this, hot topic, in a few minutes. So let's start then with the, with our forecast. So what we see is that there is still a strong 5G mobile subscription uptake, despite the macroeconomic challenges in different regions. So in terms of net addition, there is a 63% growth in 2023 compared to 2022. This means that we see around 600 million 5G subscriptions being added in 2023. So where are the growth coming from, and what is driving the growth? You can say that 80% of the growth are coming from four regions, and that is China, India, North America, and Western Europe. So for example, China is then standing for one-third of this growth, primarily driven by the continued deployment of 5G, which is now covering 95% of the population in China, in combination with the proliferation of more and more 5G smartphone models. So since start, now more than 1,000 smartphone models, 5G enabled in the market, and 240 just this year, really. So that is, of course, making it possible for more segments in the market to buy a handset and then attach to the network with the right connectivity and the right subscription. Another driver, the same drivers, I would say, is the same in India, where we have a really fast deployment reaching over 80% of the nation's population in just one year. And this has then made fantastic growth in terms of uptake, which is now around 120 million subscriptions in the India country. But the growth in North America and Western Europe has also been good, almost 100 million in North America, mainly handsets driven there as well, because the recycling of new handsets and people taking up 5G handsets instead of their old 4G handsets. So, this means that we are not changing our forecast compared to the June edition, but we are extending up to 2029, and there I see 5.3 billion subscriptions in 2029. Of course, as you saw, this growth is primarily for hot regions and, but we have 5G in all regions, with the penetration now actually in North America being as high as 61%. And in only one year, India has already reached 11%. So, looking into these different regions, you can see that, of course, that the pace of 5G subscriptions uptake will be highest in this region, also going forward. And in some other regions that are developing, we still will have quite a lot of 4G and actually 2G and 3G also at the end of the forecast period. But as you well know, there are different frequency bands in 5G, and the rollout on different frequency bands is happening in different time frames. Globally, we have now a 5G mid-band population coverage around 40%. And mid-band is the optimal frequency range for combining good coverage with a good capacity and network performance. So that's why we are sort of also looking into the 5G mid-band specifically and not only the total 5G coverage. It has actually risen. It has risen from 10% at the end of last year to 30% in 2023. Of course, India is a very vital factor for that uptake in terms of or extension of 5G mid-band coverage because of the really large mid-band deployments in India. But we also see some movement in Europe, where also several mid-band deployments are happening during 2023. Although you can, of course, see here from the chart on the left-hand side, that there are differences between the regions, and Europe is still having the largest difference between total 5G coverage and 5G mid-band coverage. Partly because of the, of course, initial status of having a very good 4G network build-out and deployment on NSA in the beginning. But there are more to do then, and we see that 5G mid-band is just deployed in around 30% of all the sites in the world, all the existing 4G sites. So there's definitely room for more 5G mid-band deliveries. So how, now we're talking about 5G mobile and 5G mobile subscriptions uptake and the coverage build out. If we then look at one of the primary use cases, I would say, in 5G for the moment, that is, of course, fixed-wireless access. We haven't updated our forecast in terms of changing it or adjusting it for the years up to 2028 compared to our June edition, but we have added one year, and the trend is the same. We definitely see a continued uptake in that time period, but also a more share of 5G FWA coming to the market at that time. So very much, of course, that is also driven by the fact that the Indian operators are really keen on rolling out 5G FWA and have a strong commitment to the market in terms of addressing hundreds of millions of households in the end of the period here. So, the rollout of 5G FWA in India is actually up to speed and growing much faster than rolling out the fiber at the same time. So that is primarily driver for also the 5G switch you can see in terms of technology going forward in the forecast period. But it's not only India and the existing mature markets like North America, where every operator has a 5G FWA in principle. It is also now being launched in emerging markets and very populous markets like Brazil and Nigeria, which is also adding to the fundamental belief in our forecast in terms of connections uptake. So, this, of course, will drive the FWA or CPE connectivity economy of scale, and only fuel the uptake in the outer part of the forecast period. So what does that do to the traffic then? This is our normal picture, I would say, or slide that we're showing in terms of the global mobile network data traffic from 2015 up to the current quarter, and this includes both fixed-wireless access traffic and also mobile data traffic. We still have a growth. It is 33% year-over-year from Q3 last year to Q3 this year. And, as you can see on the black line here, which is showing the year-over-year percentage growth, it is, of course, declining. And if we play that out in terms of year-over-year growth up to 2029 for different regions, you can see here on the left-hand side that growth in percent are falling, but the incremental added traffic is not declining within our forecast period. So in principle, you can say that in this time frame of 2023 to 2024, 2025, we will see a 20%-30% per year growth in most regions. And in the outer part of the forecast, it will go down to sub-20%. Why is that? What is fueling the traffic growth then still? I mean, you should not forget that there is almost 2 billion 2G and 3G subscribers still in the world that is gradually going to migrate to 4G or 5G subscriptions, which, of course, will drive the data uptake in the world. It is definitely so also that it's when you change from a 2G to 4G, or from a 3G to 4G, or 4G, 5G, there is increased data consumption per subscriber as well. Typically now, in 4G to 5G subscription migration, we see 2x-3 x in most markets, on average, in terms of increased data consumption per subscriber. And if you see the growth curve on the left-hand side on this slide, you see the net added mobile traffic through the year up to 2029. As you can see, there is an incrementally added growth up to the 2027-2029 timeframe, where we see a flattening. But this is also traffic we have forecasted, but not included really a great contribution for XR services yet. It is a bit hard to quantify the potential uptake of that traffic in the outer years. So there is definitely a possibility for an upside here in terms of traffic growth when that will be included in the forecast. Of course, we will include that in the forecast when we see that the data is good enough to include in a realistic way. So going from this growth course and looking at the total traffic then up to 2029, we see this play out in terms of mobile data traffic, which is then the the yellow and the orange part of this graph is going to be 3x more at the end of the forecast period compared to now. FWA traffic is growing really strong, and it's already around 20% of the total mobile network traffic, but it's expected to grow in terms of 5x up to 2029. And as I said, when we see XR type of services really taking off with a significant penetration, which, of course, will depend on the device availabilities and when new services will come to market en masse, this forecast might have a potential for even more traffic coming into the networks. Now, it is not moving the slide. Sorry for this. This slide doesn't seem to move. Could you please, Elliot, support here with moving the slide? Okay, thank you. So, sorry for that delay. When we look into the traffic and dig down a bit, in the latest edition, we looked at downlink traffic and what that is composed of in terms of different type of traffic types and the share of that. In this edition, we are also looking into the uplink traffic to see the difference in downlink and uplink. This is then based on measurements in a few different networks around the world to give you a flavor on the differences. On average, I would say that the uplink traffic is around 8% of total traffic volume. Compared to the downlink share, video is, of course, most dominant in the downlink, but only 3% in the uplink. Not surprising, maybe you can see the red and the purple color or the yellow colors in the graphs on the uplink on the left-hand side here. And specifically the communication, the yellow and the red, which is cloud storage services, have a more significant share of traffic in the uplink than in the downlink then. So not surprisingly, of course, that the communications, which also is driving a bit of the video in the uplink, is the big part, and the storing and fetching data from different types of services is also taking a big chunk. So uplink, of course, is an interesting topic, and we will talk more about that soon, because of course, its share of traffic varies in what kind of venues you are and what kind of use cases that are played out. So we will dig into that in one of our feature articles. Mobile service packaging. As you know, we are tracking 310 different service providers around the world and look into their offerings. This time, we are exploring a bit about what are the differences in terms of offering between 5G and 4G service providers. But starting with this slide that is showing all the operators and both 5G and 4G in our surveys, we can see that it is still so that more and more are turning on 5G. We see more service-based connectivity packages, and we also see actually a significant rise in terms of triple and quad-play offerings from all the service providers. But if we look into the difference between 5G and 4G service providers, we can see some differences in terms of how they are packaging or making their offerings. So on the left-hand side here, we have the, in the sort of more the darkish orange color, we have service providers offering 5G, and the lighter colored bars is service providers not offering 5G. So, here we can see that 60% of the 5G service provider have unlimited plans, compared to only 20% or 19% for the 4G service providers. And now we're talking about unlimited plans as part of a range of different data plans. This is, of course, one consequence of having 5G and being able to cater for more traffic and capacity, more cost efficiently, making it possible to extend your your data bucket plans with also an unlimited offering. The same kind of percentage share, 60% of 5G service providers have multi-play offerings with media packages, compared to just 30% of those with older 3G offerings. And this is also something we see in trending, specifically with the 5G operators, that they are making more bundles, even as prepackaged bundles, or you can choose your own bundles in terms of adding on media packages or different type of services to your data plan. And this is, of course, one way of packaging new type of service offerings from the 5G service providers. The only sort of where service providers on 4G have a higher percentage share is service-based connectivity packages. These are typically those kind of video pass or music pass or social media pass that, actually, separate than from your bucket offering, the data traffic. So it. Of course, with 4G being more limited, it is more natural to have that kind of packages compared to what the 5G service providers are offering and extending their packages with unlimited, for example. So there are some interesting details about the difference between the those type of operators in this article. So, sorry for the mishap with the slides, but that was a fast run-through with parts of the forecast we have in this edition. Now let's move into looking into some of the feature articles, and, Steve, indoor connectivity. We spend 80% of our time indoors. What do you see in terms of, of that in different type of places, indoor places? Yep. Thank you very much, Peter. So yes, so kind of looking into why indoor coverage is so important. As Peter said, we spend the majority of our time indoor, and it's said, sort of around 80% of our time indoor. It's estimated that around 80% of traffic is generated indoor. Yet so far, most of the 5G mid-band deployment has been to support the coverage and capacity outdoor, supporting the mobile broadband services and fixed wireless access. But there was a recent Ericsson Consumer Lab study that actually highlighted the correlation between network performance in key venues and service provider churn, and the research found that users who encountered connectivity problems at event venues and airports were actually 3x more likely to churn in the next 6 months, compared to other users. So there's kind of a real importance for the users to have that performance where they need it and where they're generating the traffic in some of these key indoor locations. So within this article, we're gonna look at some data that's been taken from 3 different networks in North America, where we've retrieved data from 9 different venue types, with 30 sets of mobile data traffic taken per venue type in Q1 2023. And I can kinda say that they were all 4G except one sample, which is a 5G network. So if we look at the charts here, and as we know, indoor venues typically have high concentration of users in a limited area, therefore, making capacity demands extremely high during the peak period. So in many cases, average traffic consumption is significantly higher in the indoor venues when compared to the outdoor venues. So the figure on the left, we can actually see, shows the relative average traffic per user at those indoor venues, and the orange line giving the average, and the blue dots the different samples. And what we can see is when compared to the outdoor dense urban, the results show that in the busy peak traffic, per user is 1.5x-2 x higher on average in terms of that traffic generated. And you can see, even in, I think one of the airports were around 3 x higher, that traffic per user. And then, if we look at the chart on the right, this is showing the share of uplink traffic. Again, we can see in the majority of cases, the uplink traffic is higher in these indoor locations compared to the outdoor dense urban. And maybe just pulling a couple of those venues out to highlight is, so if you look at the stadiums, we kind of see quite a variety of samples there. And one particular was a major sporting event that we were able to track, and the uplink traffic during that was around 35%. And then if we look at another venue, like hotels, we know hotels, depending on their location, guests, time of the week, time of the day, it can have a big impact on the service, apologies, on the service usage. So you could be looking at heavy uplink services at certain times, driven by sort of work-based applications, cloud storage, and some of those video calls, social media, as Pete showed, similar to the uplink traffic. But then you can also get periods where very heavy downlink traffic, such as high definition video streaming. So again, it's understanding how the traffic patterns are within those specific venues and what the needs are to meet them. Then, if we take a look at the kind of user experience indoor. So what we've done here is a bit of a deeper analysis into the indoor radio resource utilization. So the bar on the left, what we look at is to say, if radio resource utilization is below 50%, then you will generally have a good user experience. However, as it goes above 50% and continues to rise, and in some of these samples, we saw over 90% resource utilization, then you start to get a degrading in the user experience. And what we've highlighted here is the proportion of venues which have that high levels of radio resource utilization. And you can kind of identify here that the stadiums generally fare better, and that's given that they've had typically more investment in indoor solutions. And then on the right-hand side, when looking at user experience, one of the key metrics for user experience is time to content, and in a separate Ericsson Smartphone Lab study, and also a previous mobility report article that we had, where we look into this time to content, the results indicate a strong relationship between the downlink throughput and the time to content. With the time to content scale that we derived based on the throughput, and then kind of overlaying that in terms of a user experience, then you can kind of see that the blue shows an excellent user experience, the green a good user experience, orange fair, and red a poor user experience. Actually, we can see across most venue types that the most common experience at the cell edge is a sort of poor to fair, and particularly if you look at airports in these samples that we had here, was a very poor user experience, and we know that's a key venue place. Just to kind of highlight the benefits, really, of bringing 5G, then we have a case here from Optus, which is a good recent example where they upgraded three stadiums in support of the recent major women's football tournament, where they introduced 5G bands to kind of enhance that event experience for fans. So some of the key stats here, 750,000 fans attended the stadiums, generating over 29 TB of traffic, of which 37% was 5G, 25% was uplink, so aligning with similar trends in the U.S. for that major event. When measuring the success of bringing 5G to this stadium, the key performance indicator they were using was the accessibility rate, and as you can see, they achieved over 99% accessibility on both the 4G and 5G network. This was supported by sort of around 7,000 live changes for optimizing the sites that was going on during the event. And this also was reflected in the uplink improvement compared to similar events before the network improvements were deployed, which even went as high as a 53% improvement in uplink in some cases. And then the other thing when looking at the indoor solutions is kind of the type of solution that's deployed. So today, the majority of indoor deployments are dominated by the distributed antenna system, so the DAS system today. But when we kind of look and compare that with indoor small cells, then indoor small cells are shown to significantly improve the downlink and the. Which is shown in the left, and the uplink, that's shown in the right. And particularly, you can see the improvement in the cell edge performance. This cell edge performance is kind of where we know we can sort of show that significant improvement in the throughput, and therefore, the time to content, which we know will drive the user experience. Again, if we loop back to where we started, with us spending the majority of time indoor, majority of traffic generated indoor, and that correlation to service provider churn in key venues, it kind of shows the importance of deploying solutions to address that challenge, but also choosing the right technology to deploy in order to best address the opportunities. That gives us a view on some samples of indoor traffic from the U.S. and looking at some of the consumer samples. And now we're gonna take a look, as Pete said, into other environments where 5G is playing a key role. This is kind of looking at the enabling agility in Gigafactories and green steel plants. When we look at the joint importance of renewable energy and decarbonization, this has kind of triggered a wave of global investment in sustainable manufacturing and changes to production processes. Gigafactories are very large manufacturing sites that were pioneered to rapidly increase the scale and production of electric vehicles, batteries, and clean technologies. Then we've got green steel, which are plants that are preparing to decarbonize the production process. We kind of have the scale and agility are kind of the key requirements for Gigafactories, but these can often be competing requirements. Scale, as often in manufacturing, being achieved by bringing in high levels of automation, but traditionally this is hardwired automation. Once you bring in that hard wiring, you limit the amount of reconfigurations and the agility that you can have on the factory floor. We've got example here of one factory claims to make around 300 layout changes per year, and this could be setting up a test station to align with production capacity, making improvements to the production line to optimize ergonomics, changing material placement, and then having the flexibility to accommodate new product mixes or customizations. For gigafactories to achieve optimum efficiencies from their equipment, machinery, tools, workers, that agility is needed across the shop floor. So they're kind of doing a lot of analysis into the different solutions so that they can retain both the dimensions of scale and agility. The manufacturing industry as a whole is looking at this, but especially the gigafactories. When we kind of see the need to meet this, then the connectivity has to be a wireless solution. Then the reason that they're starting to look into the mobile networks and 5G to support that is, if we just give a typical example, that a manufacturing site could be up to 100,000 square meters, whereas a Gigafactory can be up to 5x larger. You're talking a huge area to be covered, and 5G networks are better equipped to cover these large areas. We would generally see that you would need 8x-10 x fewer cell sites than you would need Wi-Fi access points using indoor small cells for this solution. Then furthermore, the other key thing for a lot of use cases, and this applies in the green steel as well as in manufacturing, is around the seamless handover in a 5G network, whereas in Wi-Fi networks, there seem to be disruptions or interruptions can happen during that handover process, which is not acceptable for many use cases, such as automated guided vehicles. And when we talk of the green steel, we have a case here from ArcelorMittal, France, which is a global leader in steel and mining, very active in programs for decarbonization of the steel industry. They've got their own targets to reduce CO2 emissions by 35% by 2030 in Europe and to be carbon neutral by 2050. What we have here is the example from the factory in Dunkirk, where they've launched the, or operationally launched our 5G Steel with Orange Business Services. We're looking with them around, again, the key considerations for this 4G, 5G private network. The key things that they were looking for, and you see the similarities with the gigafactories, is extensive coverage. So this is. They've got very complex industrial sites. They've got indoor, outdoor coverage requirements, including underneath high-rise metal structures. It's a quite complex planning environment, and they see the 4G, 5G private network performs best within that setup. They then have a requirement on low latency, so this is for supporting the deployment of the autonomous vehicles and also remote control cockpits, as well in, for use in high-risk areas. Then another key consideration for them is the data security. So wanting to ensure that the private mobile network protects their industrial sensitive data. So here we've seen, yeah, an example in the industrial area of where 5G can bring a unique set of benefits to really help these factories and green steel kind of address the need to consider renewables and also the decarbonization of industries. So that's a quick run-through on those. Now I'd like to hand over to Nitin. Hello. Good day, everyone. I'm Nitin Bansal, and, as a partner to Reliance Jio, I'm really very proud to be presenting the successes we have had in India, with the launch of 5G and how the overall digitalization and digital transformation has happened in India. So if you look at last 12 months, India has seen the fastest 5G rollout. It's a massive deployments with more than 380,000 5G BTSes in the last 12 months, and the services were launched in October 2022. So we had the spectrum auction in July. The spectrum was allocated, the 5G services launched, and then in the last 12 months, we have seen a huge rollout. The other highlight for India 5G deployment is related to Massive MIMO. We have deployed 100% Massive MIMO network on the mid-band for a true 5G user experience and superior performance. And in addition, with the launch, we have seen rollout of, or, availability of different services, starting with enhanced mobile broadband, then fixed wireless access was launched, and we expect to continue to see new services being launched in India to drive the future data demands. So, if you, if we go back a few years and look at how the journey for Reliance Jio was for 4G, you know, when Jio launched the network for 4G, that was a 100% 4G LTE wireless broadband network with more than 100,000 mobile towers. And what it resulted in was a substantial growth in data consumption by the consumers, within 5-6 months of the launch. When it comes to 5G, I said that, you know, we launched the services in India in October 2022. Reliance Jio adopted a pure 5G standalone architecture from day one, which is actually the first one globally. So Reliance Jio is a global pioneer in adopting 5G standalone architecture from the very beginning. In the last 12 months, almost 1 million 5G cells have been deployed. So if you calculate, it's about 10 one 5G cell every 10 seconds. That's the speed of the rollout. And in the last 12 months, we have seen our 95% plus population coverage in the last 12 months for 5G. Then, Jio as a disruptor of Indian mobile services industry, like I said, I mean, Jio rolled out the world's fastest and largest nationwide mid-band 5G network outside China. This is as on date, which is the end of 2023. The deployments happened on 5G standalone, on mid-band spectrum and, together with carrier aggregation. So this is the first time that any network has been launched with 5G SA, 100% massive MIMO on mid-band and carrier aggregation. And the one of the main reasons why such a huge deployment was possible, to be done in India was, it was basically planning ahead, right? So infrastructure upgrade, which is needed, strengthening of the towers and power requirements and so on. Fiberization and use of E-band for making sure that the backhaul is ready, and also UBR, which is the unlicensed band radio for backhaul. So preparedness, from before the deployment started was the key. And then when it comes to the data traffic, Jio has experienced a 29% year-over-year growth in the consumption. And as we speak today, we see that the monthly data consumption is approximately 26.6 GB per month per user. And this is the data from July to September 2023. Now, Jio alone has contributed about 85% of overall 5G capacity in the country. And what has this resulted in? About more than 70 million subscribers have been migrated to 5G. 5G has been deployed pan-India, so you know, the population coverage, which I spoke about, which is more than 95%, that was critical for mass adoption. And hence, with 150,000 5G sites in both 703.5 GHz bands and 8,000 towers covered. So a huge population coverage, massive deployments, good subscriber uptake, which resulted in what we see today is about 1.5 exabytes of 5G traffic in the network for Jio in India. And if you look at the trend in the last six years, we have seen a growth of more than 10 x. And again, the enablers for this strong growth is nationwide deployment for 5G standalone network. Making sure that the ecosystem is in place to support the 5G standalone architecture in terms of device support. We also see that the share of premium devices in the Jio network is increasing consistently. And again, the wide band deployment of the wide deployment of 5G standalone on mid-band spectrum and carrier aggregation has given substantial growth in the data conversion. So what are the factors which Jio considers as for success and critical for 5G uptake? One is building ubiquitous 5G coverage, which is providing high speed and low latency connectivity to the consumers. So that was ubiquitous coverage was as a result of, you know, mass deployment across pan India, that I spoke about more than 8,000 towns and cities and massive deployments, and then also implementing dynamic network slicing to deliver immersive experiences. So for example, for fixed wireless access and other services. So it is about making the services available to the consumers in terms of high quality good coverage, and options for data growth, and that's what resulted in 10 x growth of data traffic in the past six years. Now, this is just a sample of how the picture changed in India with 5G standalone test samples. So what you see here is a comparison between October 2022, which is where the 5G deployments in India started, April and September. And in September, September 2023, what we see is India is practically turning green with 5G SA test samples. Then when it comes to the performance, and this is, you know, the darker the shade of green, the higher the speed that is available to the subscribers. This is again, a comparison from October to September 2023, where we see that India is turning almost to the darker shades of green, which is closer to 200 Mbps available or speeds available in the network. Then Jio also introduced 5G fixed wireless access services. It was launched in six. In eight cities, sorry, and this was launched in September, and for eight cities, and now it's available all across. The ambition is to reach 100 million households through 5G fixed wireless access, which is also called the Jio AirFiber. The strategy is to deploy, we're using the outdoor customer premise equipment, which is multi-tenancy, so one CPE connects to multiple households. And it is in-house production and sourcing of CPEs, which is happening as we speak from the ecosystem in India. And we also see that there is a strong revenue growth potential for Indian telcos, with the 5G-based fixed wireless access services, because there is less fiberization and low wireline broadband penetration in India. So this is a service which, you know, the ambition is 100 million households, and, you know, we see that the trends already are looking very positive to reaching that number. In addition, Jio also launched the virtual reality headset. The highlights of this is, you know, it works both on Android and iOS operating system. It costs less than $16, and this was launched in May 2023 with good amount of success. Next steps, Reliance Jio is working on an augmented reality device, which will be used across consumer and enterprise segments. And this was demonstrated in the India Mobile Congress, which happens every year in India. So we see that 5G is definitely set to drive the next leg of growth in India, and this is specifically talking about Reliance Jio at this point. So the only way to get market share gain is to have network leadership, and network leadership is both in terms of deployment, ubiquitous coverage, and good performance. It is also expected that the ARPU will get uplifted based on enhanced video experience. So one is the eMBB part, then we have the fixed wireless access part, and then the video and all the other services that come with it. Then Jio AirFiber, which is the fixed wireless access solution from Reliance Jio. This will be used both in homes and small and medium businesses. And obviously, it's about deploying a platform, solution at scale for enterprises, because enterprises is the, is the next, area where enterprises can definitely benefit for seamless 5G connectivity, which is reliable, secure, and, and, provides good quality of service. Thank you. I hand over. Thank you, Nitin. Really interesting and really exciting to see what is happening in India. And, actually, already now, China and India stands for about 50% of all the global mobile network traffic in the world, and they will fill their pipes with more traffic as more subscribers comes online. So, in the sake of time, I think we jump to the questions and answers session immediately, and there are quite a few questions coming in. I will pick up a few, and then we can come back to you for those not will have time for to answer. But, so I will, there are some questions both on India, the indoor, and also on the forecast part. So I will start with one or two questions on the forecast part. Of all subscriptions, how many are machine-to-machine communication or critical machine-to-machine communication? Yeah, I mean, the five-year subscriptions uptake that we were showing in the forecast part here is only consumer subscriptions. We have a separate IoT forecast, including the cellular IoT connections figures. And, at present time, there are around 3 billion cellular IoT connections deployed. And, I would say that over 50% of these are broadband IoT on 4G or 5G technology, primarily then supporting use cases like surveillance or tracking and so forth. So far, we have not included 5G RedCap in our IoT forecast for the period up to 2029, but that will also be a factor that we will look into, of course, when we see the market take off. So, the separate forecast for IoT, and it's IoT is still very much APAC or Asia-Pacific focused market. I think there are 2 billion out of the 3 billion actually deployed in China and in Northeast and Southeast Asia. So, IoT, that was. Just let us jump to another question here. Globally, the number of subscription is growing uptrend and more 5G subscriptions growth really fast. But I would like to understand why there is a year-over-year growth rate of data usage stable to 2030. As I show on the slide regarding year-over-year growth, there is a sloping trend in terms of year-over-year growth, with now being 33%, the coming years, it will be 20%-25%, and in the outer years, it will be around 15%-20%, depending on market or even lower. But that is, of course, a consequence of more, of less new subscribers coming in in the end of the forecast period. So the primary growth factor at that time will be the increased usage per subscriber, because every subscriber is actually consuming more every year. That is, that is what experience are, are showing. So that is what, what will continue to make the growth being in the 10%-20% year-over-year growth rate at the end of the forecast period. Then, of course, the XR services uptake will, we will see how that will impact traffic and what growth it will actually trigger in that time period. But the indoor question, there are a few actually related here, Steve, to but two main questions. Are you comparing passive or active DAS in this article and with the technologies? And the second question related to that indoor article is also about whether there is some comparison between 5G and 4G performance in these cases. So, Steve, what do you say? Yep. So in terms of the active or passive DAS system, then we don't have the data on the exact solutions. But I think the active DAS is more common in North America in terms of what's deployed, but we don't have the exact detail on that data behind there. In terms of 4G and 5G comparison, then yes, in where we have the site that was deployed with 5G, then we could see that the throughput was around or over double, on average, compared to the 4G indoor deployment. But you could see around a 3x improvement at the cell edge, and as I said, this can kind of be a good indicator of things like the time to content and performance. So yeah, we can see a step change with 5G over 4G when deployed, and that is sort of mid-band indoor deployments. What you say about the Wi-Fi comparison, if I use the Wi-Fi also, part of that study or in terms of coverage or? No. So, sorry, from the data samples, they're taken from where we've got the indoor solutions deployed. So this is looking at the traffic carried over those indoor solutions in those 30 samples from the nine different venue types. So we're only looking at 5G. We're not doing a direct comparison to Wi-Fi. Interesting. Okay, there are some questions also for Nitin, regarding the India rollout and, what will drive the next rollout phase in India, actually. How about millimeter wave and other bands? Well, I think, you know, the next rollout phase is dependent on, definitely on the data uptake, which is, which looks very promising. But I'm, I believe that, You know, the next phase will happen once the networks start to see congestion now. And the millimeter wave spectrum is already auctioned in India, so that's available. And you know, as technology partners, we follow what the operators in India decide to do in terms of their expansion strategies. But for me, it looks very positive with the trends we have seen in terms of the data growth possibilities that we see in India. Regarding the fixed wireless access deployments, are they primarily on mid-band or in millimeter waveband or in both at the current time? No, currently, they are in the mid-band. Then, you know, the next phase will depend on how the uptake takes place and technology choices. So, what type of services do you expect to see from, emerging as, the most popular in India, so to speak, for the consumer and for the enterprise? What are the segments that is being addressed by the operators in India with the 5G connectivity? Well, from a consumer point of view, it's the enhanced mobile broadband and, you know, video streaming that we see as the first ones to drive the data consumption. Then it'll follow with, you know, augmented virtual reality applications, gaming applications. When it comes to the enterprise, I mean, fixed wireless access is sitting somewhere in between enterprises and consumer, I would say. But then, the thought, at least what we see in India happening, is in terms of, you know, healthcare, transportation, automation, industries, education. So those are the prime areas where we see a lot of interest, and not to forget agriculture, which is big in India. So those segments are still being evaluated, and then, you know, you have multiple verticals in those areas as well, for example, warehousing and other sub-areas to automation. Great. Lots of interesting stuff to come in the future in the Indian market, for sure. Let's finish with one last question, and it's related to the data growth here. The growth of data has decelerated massively in Europe on your graphs, yet you still forecast 16%, 16% growth over the next five years. Don't you think you could be too optimistic? Well, actually, we, t wo years ago, we checked actually how our forecast that we made in the early days of Mobility Report, like in 2011 and 2016, how they played out in reality when they had the answers, a few years later. And I think one conclusion we made this, actually, we were a bit too conservative always with the data traffic growth. It does astonish us that it's always growing actually a bit more than our forecast has predicted. So, no one can say, of course, with exactness, but we think that it's a relevant growth still to happen in on a regional or Europe level, actually, when you consider all the potential uptake of new subscribers for both 4G and 5G and the new services coming to market. So, that is the sort of answer behind the question around why we see Europe still having a substantial growth in the out year as well. Okay. We are coming to the end of this session, and we only scratched a bit on the surface on this report and what this contains, so we recommend you to look into the details, and we'll be happy to receive any questions in the future as well on the content and the conclusions we are making. So, thank you very much for attending and see you soon again!