Afternoon, and welcome to the Apple Q4 fiscal year 2025 earnings conference call. My name is Suhasini Chandramouli, Director of Investor Relations. Today's call is being recorded. Speaking first today is Apple's CEO, Tim Cook, and he'll be followed by CFO, Kevan Parekh. After that, we'll open the call to questions from analysts. Please note that some of the information you'll hear during our discussion today will consist of forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, those regarding revenue, gross margin, operating expenses, other income and expense, taxes, capital allocation, and future business outlook. These statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results or trends to differ materially from our forecast, including risks related to the potential impact to the company's business and results of operations from macroeconomic conditions, tariffs and other measures, and legal and regulatory proceedings. For more information, please refer to the risk factors discussed in Apple's most recently filed reports on Form 10-Q and Form 10-K, and the Form 8-K filed with the SEC today, along with the associated press release. Additional information will also be in our report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 27, 2025, to be filed tomorrow and in other reports and filings we make with the SEC. Apple assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made. Additionally, today's discussion will refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures. You can find a reconciliation of these measures in our fourth quarter earnings release, which is available on our Investor Relations website. I'd now like to turn the call over to Tim for introductory remarks. Thank you, Suhasini. Good afternoon, everyone, and thanks for joining the call. Apple is proud to report $102.5 billion in revenue, up 8% from a year ago and a September quarter record. Services achieved an all-time revenue record of $28.8 billion, growing 15% from a year ago. EPS came in at $1.85, setting a September quarter record. We grew in the vast majority of markets we track and had September quarter revenue records in dozens of markets, including the U.S., Canada, Latin America, Western Europe, the Middle East, Japan, Korea, and South Asia. We also set a September quarter revenue record in emerging markets and an all-time revenue record in India. These results come at the close of an extraordinary year for Apple, in which we achieved an all-time revenue record of $416 billion for the fiscal year. We set all-time revenue records in emerging and developed markets. We set an all-time revenue record for iPhone. In services, we achieved all-time records across every geographic segment. These results reflect the tremendous customer enthusiasm Apple products and services, as well as our deep commitment to innovation. We are incredibly excited about the strength we're seeing across our products and services, and we expect the December quarter's revenue to be the best ever for the company and the best ever for iPhone. We are heading into the holiday season with a truly remarkable lineup that includes the biggest leap ever for iPhone, which has had a tremendous response from our users around the world. Our Apple Watch lineup is more capable than ever too, giving users ways to take charge of their health like never before through new features like hypertension notifications and sleep score. The next-level sound quality and active noise cancellation of AirPods Pro 3 are hitting all the right notes for our users. In October, we also broke new ground in power-efficient performance with the uncomparably fast M5 chip, packed with neural accelerators in each GPU core to supercharge AI workloads. iPad Pro combines game-changing features in iPadOS 26 with the power of M5 to create our most capable iPad ever. At the same time, the M5 MacBook Pro raises the bar for what users can do with a laptop, while the new M5-powered Apple Vision Pro opens up amazing possibilities on its infinite canvas. We also launched a beautiful new software design that creates a unified experience across all of our platforms for the very first time. The design is crafted with a new material called Liquid Glass that brings fluidity, vitality, and flexibility to our products. Along with the new design, we delivered powerful new features to enable users to do even more with their devices. That includes updates to the phone and messages apps in iOS 26 to help users stay connected, continuity enhancements in Mac to deliver an even more seamless experience across devices, and a powerful new windowing system that fundamentally transforms the user experience in iPadOS 26. As we continue to expand our investment in AI, we're bringing intelligence to more of what people already love about our products and services, making every experience even more personal, capable, and effortless. At the heart of it all is Apple Silicon, and we were thrilled to launch new products powered by the A19 Pro chip and M5. These incredibly advanced chips make Apple products the very best place to experience the power of AI. With Apple Intelligence, we've introduced dozens of new features that are powerful, intuitive, private, and deeply integrated into the things people do every day. Features like live translation, which help users communicate across languages in real time, and visual intelligence, which opens new ways to learn about and explore the world. We also introduced Workout Buddy, a new experience that uses AI to provide personalized motivational insights based on a user's workout data and fitness history. These join so many others, from cleanup in photos and new image creation tools to powerful writing tools. We're also seeing developers take advantage of our on-device foundation models to create entirely new experiences for users around the world. We're also excited for a more personalized Siri. We're making good progress on it, and as we've shared, we expect to release it next year. Now let's take a closer look at the September quarter results across our lineup, starting with iPhone. iPhone set a revenue record for the September quarter at $49 billion, up 6% from a year ago, with growth in the vast majority of markets we track, despite supply constraints we faced on several iPhone 16 and iPhone 17 models given strong demand. Redesigned from the inside out and powered by the outstanding A19 Pro chip, the iPhone 17 Pro is by far the most powerful iPhone we've ever made, setting a whole new standard for the smartphone industry. The iPhone 17 Pro also offers our best camera system ever, with an all-new 8x telephoto camera, and looks stunning with bold new finishes like Cosmic Orange. The iPhone Air introduces an incredibly breakthrough design, and with a bigger and brighter display with ProMotion, the iPhone 17 is a fantastic upgrade packed with features users will love. In Mac, we had a strong September quarter with revenue of $8.7 billion, up 13% year-over-year, driven by the strength of the MacBook Air. The MacBook Air enables users to get things done easily on the world's most popular laptop. Mac Mini users are loving how much performance is packed into our smallest Mac ever made, while Mac Studio customers are pushing the envelope of what's possible with our most powerful Mac ever. The latest 14-inch MacBook Pro unlocks incredible speed and next-level performance with the all-new M5 chip, which delivers three and a half times faster AI performance than M4. Turning to iPad, revenue was $7 billion for the September quarter. Last month, we released one of the most attention-grabbing software updates we've had in years with iPadOS 26, and we recently gave iPad users even more to love with the launch of the incredible M5 iPad Pro, which offers an incredible boost in AI performance. With an unmatched combination of power and versatility, the new iPad Pro makes every interaction delightful with its thin, light, and portable design. In wearables, home and accessories, revenue was $9 billion. As I mentioned earlier, we were excited to unlock new possibilities for users with the launch of our newest Apple Watch lineup, making the world's most popular watch even better. That includes Apple Watch Ultra 3 with the largest display ever in an Apple Watch, improved battery life, and emergency SOS via satellite. Apple Watch Series 11 brings our users the most comprehensive set of health features yet, and Apple Watch SE 3 delivers advanced capabilities at an incredible value. AI and advanced machine learning are at the core of powerful health features like heart rate monitoring, fall detection, crash detection, and more. With our latest Apple Watch lineup, we were proud to introduce hypertension notifications developed using large-scale machine learning models. Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors for heart attack and stroke, affecting more than 1 billion adults worldwide, and we expect to notify more than a million users of this life-threatening condition. We're also excited about SleepScore, a simple, intuitive way to help users better understand their sleep quality and discover ways to improve it. That's something I'm sure we can all benefit from. Meanwhile, AirPods Pro 3 have been a huge hit. You have to hear them to really understand just how remarkable they are. Users and reviewers alike are praising their incredible sound quality and improved fit. They feature the world's best in-ear active noise cancellation, removing up to two times as much noise as the previous generation. With live translation powered by Apple Intelligence, AirPods deliver an incredibly new and exciting experience for users around the world. Turning to services, as I mentioned earlier, revenue was $28.8 billion for the September quarter, 15% higher year-over-year and an all-time record. We saw double-digit growth in both developed and emerging markets and set new all-time records across advertising, App Store, cloud services, music, payment services, and video. Apple TV celebrated a big night at this year's Emmy Awards with 22 wins. The studio led the night with 13 wins, the most of any comedy series in Emmy's history. Severance topped all dramas with eight wins, adding to the accolades for this landmark series. To date, Apple TV productions have now earned over 600 wins and 2,800 nominations in total, driven by powerful, original storytelling. We're excited for audiences to discover new productions like Pluribus and to catch returning favorites like Slow Horses and The Morning Show. Soon, Apple TV will be the destination for F1 fans across the U.S. on track day, thanks to a new partnership with Formula One. F1 is one of the most exciting and fastest-growing sports in the world, and starting next year, Apple TV will be the place for subscribers to follow every twist and turn of the new season. In addition, F1: The Movie, one of the year's biggest blockbusters, will be coming to Apple TV on December 12th. During the September quarter, we also marked the 10-year anniversary of Apple News. Apple News provides access to front-page news from all around the world, putting hundreds of publications right at users' fingertips. Turning to retail, we're heading into our busiest time of year with our best-ever lineup. In the last few months, we've opened new stores in emerging markets like India and the UAE and new locations in the U.S. and China. I was also in Tokyo last month for the opening of the redesigned and reimagined Apple Ginza store, and the energy among the crowd was truly remarkable. When it originally opened, it was our first store outside the U.S., and so it was especially meaningful to come back to welcome customers to the beautiful new space. Everywhere we operate and in everything we do, we strive to give the best to our users while living by our values, whether that's building new accessibility features into our most recent software releases, advancing our environmental work by using even more recycled materials in our latest lineup, or providing free educational programming to train and support American businesses with our new Apple Manufacturing Academy in Detroit. We're continuing to invest in innovation and user experiences that will transform our future. A great example is the work we're doing in the U.S., where we're committed to invest $600 billion over the next four years with a focus on innovation in strategic areas like advanced manufacturing, silicon engineering, and artificial intelligence. These commitments build on our longstanding investments in America while supporting more than 450,000 jobs with thousands of suppliers across all 50 states. We built a new factory in Houston for advanced AI service, for example, which just started shipping its first products off the line, and we're leading the creation of end-to-end silicon supply chain across the country. In recent months, I've connected with developers, innovators, artists, entrepreneurs, and so many others around the world, people passionate about innovation and all the things they can do with Apple products. Each one is another reminder of why we do what we do. We're driven to empower people to do more of the things that matter most to them and enrich their lives along the way. As we head into the holiday season with our most powerful lineup ever, I couldn't be more excited for what's to come. With that, I'll turn it over to Kevan. Thanks, Tim, and good afternoon, everyone. Our revenue of $102.5 billion was up 8% year-over-year and is a new September quarter record. We set September quarter records in the Americas, Europe, Japan, and the rest of Asia-Pacific, and grew in the vast majority of markets we track. Products revenue was $73.7 billion, up 5% year-over-year, driven by growth across iPhone and Mac, and reached a September quarter record. Thanks to our exceptional customer satisfaction and strong levels of loyalty, our install base of active devices has reached another all-time high across all product categories and geographic segments. Services revenue was $28.8 billion, up 15% year-over-year, and an all-time record. The performance was broad-based, with double-digit growth in the vast majority of the markets we track and double-digit growth across most of our services categories. Company gross margin was 47.2%, above the high end of our guidance range and up 70 basis points sequentially, driven by favorable mix. This includes approximately $1.1 billion of tariff-related costs, which is in line with what we had estimated on our last call. Products gross margin was 36.2%, up 170 basis points sequentially, driven by favorable mix. Services gross margin was 75.3%, down 30 basis points sequentially. Operating expenses landed at $15.9 billion, up 11% year-over-year, driven by increased investment in R&D. These strong levels of business performance led to September quarter records for both net income and diluted earnings per share. Net income was $27.5 billion. Diluted earnings per share was $1.85, up 13% year-over-year on an adjusted basis, excluding the one-time charge we recognized during the fourth quarter of 2024. Operating cash flow was also a September quarter record at $29.7 billion. Now, I'm going to provide some more details for each of our revenue categories. iPhone revenue was $49 billion, up 6% year-over-year, driven by the iPhone 16 family. iPhone grew in the vast majority of the markets we track, with September quarter records in many emerging markets, including Latin America, the Middle East, and South Asia, and an all-time record in India. The iPhone active install base grew to an all-time high, and we set a September quarter record for upgraders. According to the recent survey from World Panel, iPhone was a top-selling model in the U.S., urban China, the U.K., France, Australia, and Japan. We continue to see very high levels of customer satisfaction in the U.S. at 98%, as measured by 451 Research. Mac revenue was $8.7 billion, up 13% year-over-year, driven by MacBook Air. We grew in every geographic segment with strong double-digit growth in emerging markets. The Mac install base reached another all-time high, with nearly half of customers who purchased a Mac being new to the product. The latest customer satisfaction for Mac in the U.S. was reported at 96%. iPad revenue was $7 billion, flat year-over-year. Keep in mind we faced a difficult compare against the full quarter impact of the iPad Air and iPad Pro launch from last year, offset by the better-than-expected performance on the iPad. The install base reached an all-time high, with a September quarter record for upgraders, and over half of the customers who purchased an iPad during the quarter were new to the product. Based on the latest reports from 451 Research, customer satisfaction was 98% in the U.S. Wearables, home, and accessories revenue was $9 billion, flat year-over-year. This was driven by growth on Watch and AirPods, offset by accessories, which was impacted by strong performance in the year-ago quarter, driven by the iPad launches. Both the Apple Watch and AirPods install bases reached new all-time highs. Over half of the customers purchasing an Apple Watch during the quarter were new to the product. We also set a September record for upgraders on Apple Watch. In the U.S., customer satisfaction was recently measured at 95%. Our services revenue reached an all-time high of $28.8 billion, up 15% year-over-year. We achieved all-time revenue records in the Americas, Europe, Japan, and rest of Asia-Pacific, as well as a September quarter record in Greater China. The majority of categories saw a sequential acceleration, and as Tim mentioned, we set many all-time revenue records, including payment services, where we reached an all-time revenue record and saw double-digit growth year-over-year on Apple Pay active users. This strong momentum in the September quarter drove our total fiscal year services revenue to surpass $100 billion, up 14% year-over-year and our best ever. The growth of our install base of active devices continues to offer us great opportunities for the future. Customer engagement across our services offerings also continued to grow. Both transacting and paid accounts reached new all-time highs. We continue to improve the quality and expand the reach of our services offerings, from additional markets for Apple Pay, now available in nearly 90 countries, to Apple Care One, a great new way to cover multiple Apple products in a single plan. Turning to enterprise, we are seeing an adoption of Apple products accelerate across industries to improve productivity and drive innovation. The BMW Group has been deploying tens of thousands of iPhones, including to factory employees, to further strengthen its digital capabilities and advanced innovation at the company. Capital One has expanded its Mac Choice program by adding thousands more MacBook Airs across its workforce. In the Czech Republic, its largest bank, Česká spořitelna, continues to invest in the Apple ecosystem with over 5,000 iPhones in addition to its existing thousands of iPads and Macs. Purdue University has launched a spatial computing hub built around Apple Vision Pro, designed to help prepare students to lead the next wave of innovation in critical industries like semiconductor and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Let's turn to our cash position and capital return program. We ended the quarter with $132 billion in cash and marketable securities. We had $1.3 billion of debt maturities and decreased commercial paper by $1.9 billion, resulting in $99 billion in total debt. Therefore, at the end of the quarter, net cash was $34 billion. During the quarter, we returned $24 billion to shareholders. This included $3.9 billion in dividends and equivalents and $20 billion through open market repurchases of 89 million Apple shares. Taking a step back, we are very pleased with our record fiscal year 2025 results. As Tim mentioned, total company revenue for the year was $416 billion, with growth in iPhone, Mac, iPad, and services, and all-time records in the vast majority of markets we track. This revenue performance led to very strong full-year operating results, with all-time records for net income and for diluted EPS, which grew double digits year-over-year on an adjusted basis. As we move ahead into the December quarter, I'd like to review our outlook, which includes the types of forward-looking information Suhasini referred to. Importantly, the color we're providing assumes that the global tariff rates, policies, and application remain in effect as of this call, and the global macroeconomic outlook does not worsen from today. We expect our December quarter total company revenue to grow by 10%- 12% year-over-year, which would be our best quarter ever. We expect iPhone revenue to grow double digits year-over-year, which would be our best iPhone quarter ever. On Mac, keep in mind we expect to face a very difficult compare against the M4 MacBook Pro, Mac Mini, and iMac launches in the year-ago quarter. We expect services revenue to grow at a year-over-year rate similar to what we reported in the fiscal year 2025. We expect gross margin to be between 47% and 48%, which includes an estimated impact of $1.4 billion of tariff-related costs. As we've said before, we are significantly increasing our investments in AI while continuing to invest in our product roadmap. For the December quarter, we expect operating expenses to be between $18.1 billion and $18.5 billion. We expect OI&E to be around $150 million, excluding any potential impact from the mark-to-market of minority investments, and our tax rate to be around 17%. Today our board of directors has declared a cash dividend of $0.26 per share of common stock payable on November 13, 2025, to shareholders of record as of November 10, 2025. With that, let's open the call to questions. Thank you, Kevan. We ask that you limit yourself to two questions. Operator, may we have the first question, please? Certainly. We will go ahead and take our first question from Erik Woodring with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead. Hey, good afternoon, guys. Thank you for taking my question. Congrats on the results. Tim, can you maybe share a bit more detail on why you think the iPhone 17 is having the degree of success that it is at this point? The question is, do you believe this is the age install base replacement cycle kicking in, or are there specific features or functionality you believe stand out this cycle versus past cycles that consumers are really looking for? Just a quick follow-up, thanks. Erik, thanks for your comments. I think it's all about the product. The product lineup is incredibly strong. They're strongest ever. The 17 Pro is the most pro phone we've ever done. It's incredible in the design. The iPhone Air feels so thin and so light in your hand, it feels like it's going to fly away. The 17 phone is an incredible value and takes several of the features that were reserved for Pro before and brings them down to the consumer lineup. Overall, strongest iPhone lineup ever, and it's resonating around the world. Great. Thank you. Thank you, Tim. Maybe a follow-up for you, Kevan. Can you just discuss your approach to managing component cost inflation during this time? You're obviously increasing the memory content in your devices quite substantially. At the same time, memory prices are going through some pretty significant inflation. Just how are you managing through this cycle? Thanks so much, guys. Yeah. Hey, Erik, thanks for the question. Look, as you know, we've got a pretty incredible world-class procurement team, and we're constantly finding ways to continue to drive cost opportunities. Right now, on the commodity side, I would say we're seeing a slight tailwind on memory and storage prices, so nothing really to note there. As we saw from our gross margin performance, we landed in a pretty good spot above the high end of the guidance range we provided at 47.2%. As well, we're guiding at 47%- 48%. I think we're managing costs pretty well. As you'll recall, when we talk about this time in the cycle, we just launched a bunch of new products. Those new products do have a slightly higher cost structure than the products they replace, but the team does a very good job of focusing our efforts on getting those costs down over time. We feel pretty good about the performance we're seeing right now overall on material cost savings. Great. Thanks so much. Good luck, guys. All right. Thank you. Thanks, Erik. Operator, can we get the next question, please? Our next question is from Ben Ricey with Melius Research. Please go ahead. Hey, guys. Thanks for this. Tim, can you talk a little bit about iPhone in China specifically? How is that going to trend in the December quarter? Have you turned the corner there, and how do you think that trajectory is going? I have a quick follow-up. Thanks. Yeah. Ben, I was just there. It's incredibly vibrant and dynamic. The store traffic is up significantly year-over-year. The iPhone 17 family has been very well received there. We do believe that we'll return to growth in Q1, and that is largely based on the reception of the iPhone there. I couldn't be more pleased with how things are going there in the early going. All right. That's great. Services, great upside there. A little surprising, right? We were a little worried about that one only a few quarters ago. I was wondering if there were any tax payments in there or if the resolution that we saw with the antitrust ruling with one of your partners was a boost and if that played a role or if it was all really just organic outperformance with many of the things you mentioned. Thanks. Yeah. Hey, Ben. It's Kevan here. Let me try to answer that question. You're referring, just wanted to clarify. When you're referring to the antitrust piece, you're talking about the Google trial. Is that what you're referring to? Yes, sir. There was no tax-related impact. What I would say is our strong performance for the quarter is really organically driven. Just to reiterate, we had an all-time revenue record here for the quarter at $28.8 billion. As well, we surpassed $100 billion, so best year ever at 14% year-on-year. That was all organic growth. As Tim outlined and I outlined in the prepared remarks, we saw a majority of the categories have sequential acceleration, and we had many all-time revenue records, but nothing abnormal at all, really pretty much all organic growth. Thank you. Thanks, Ben. Operator, could we get the next question, please? Our next question is from Michael Ng. Please go ahead. Hi. Good afternoon. Thank you for the question. I just have two as well. First, just to follow up on the last one. The services revenue growth, I think, was the fastest across many categories and certainly the fastest in the last two years. I was just wondering if you could just unpack a little bit more of the drivers of the acceleration. Was there kind of cross-selling with the new iPhone launch? Was it just installed base growth? I know you've been doing a lot of bundling with Apple One and Apple Care One. Any thoughts on that would be very helpful. I just have a quick follow-up. Thank you. Hi, Michael. It's Kevan. Thanks for the question. Let me build on the answer there. I think that the way we look at it is not one thing to point to that would have driven this higher performance. You're right that it is slightly higher than we've seen in the last few quarters. As you know, our services portfolio is very broad with a broad range of businesses. All have different growth profiles and different performance characteristics, so those can vary in any given quarter. I would say our strength, again, was very broad-based, both across categories and also geographically. I wouldn't point to any particular factor that drove any kind of outperformance at all. We were just very pleased to see that result. Great. Thank you. Just on iPhone sell-through, I was wondering if you were seeing any notable shifts in trends between the sell-through coming from upgraders versus switchers. Is the U.S. carrier competitive dynamic helping at all in terms of promotional activity? Any thoughts on channel inventory? Thank you. We did set a September quarter record for upgraders, and it was a great quarter from that point of view. It's really too early in the cycle on 17 to make any comments about upgraders or switchers. In terms of channel inventory, we ended the quarter toward the low end of the targeted range, obviously because we had constraints on several models of the 16 and the 17. For complete transparency and clarity, we're constrained today on several models of the iPhone 17. There's not a ramp issue. We just have very strong demand, and we're working very hard to fulfill all the orders that we have. Thank you, Tim. Thank you, Kevan. Thank you. Thanks, Mike. Operator, could we get the next question, please? Our next question is from Amit Daryanani with Evercore. Please go ahead. Thanks a lot. I have two as well. Kevan, maybe just to start with gross margins, can you walk through the expectations for December quarter? I I think it implies up 30 basis points or so sequentially. Can you talk about the percentage on gross margin given you do have very sizable operating leverage in the quarter? What are the percentages around that would be really helpful. Yeah, sure. Let me walk through the outlook. As we mentioned in our outlook, we're targeting a range of 47%- 48%. We take the midpoint of that range at 47.5%. You said it's roughly 25 basis points, 30 basis points higher. There are a lot of percent takes, as I talked about earlier. This is a quarter we launched with a lot of new products. Those new products tend to have a higher cost structure than the products they replace, so there's definitely an impact from the cost side of things, but that was more than offset by favorable mix, especially on the product side. As you outlined, we typically see higher leverage in this quarter. I would say those are the two big drivers, and the sequential increase is really going to be driven by favorable mix, particularly from the product side. Got it. If I go back to the China discussion for a minute, the performance in China, at least in September quarter, was a bit muted. Could you talk about what resulted in the weakness over there? Do you think it was a bit more of a pause given iPhone Air, for example, I don't think was available until a few weeks ago? Just talk about what drove the weakness in September, and is the uptick or better expectations for December there just from the iPhone Air coming out, or are there other factors as well? Thank you. Yeah. The Greater China revenue was down 4% year-over-year in the September quarter. It was driven by iPhone. If you look at the iPhone, the majority of the sequential year-over-year change was due to supply constraints that I mentioned earlier. It was basically supply constraints that drove the results. We're thrilled with what we're seeing right now, with traffic being up significantly year-over-year and the reception of the iPhone 17 family. We expect to return to growth this quarter. Great. Thank you. Thank you. Thanks, Amit. Operator, could we have the next question, please? Our next question is from Wamsi Mohan with Bank of America. Please go ahead. Yes. Thank you so much. Tim, I'd probably follow up on your comments about the constrained supply in the quarter, just given the very strong demand for iPhones. Do you expect that, as you can see your visibility across demand and supply, do you think that you will be exiting December at a point where you wouldn't be constrained anymore, or do you still expect that there could be constraints as you exit the December quarter? Any way to quantify sort of what revenue could have been, a bit of a follow-up to Ben's question. Given that there are some concerns around search volumes decelerating at the expense of AI, how do you think about the broader sustainability of these very strong mid-teens growth rates for services for an extended period of time, not just for next quarter where you're obviously guiding to 14%? This is Tim. The advertising category, which is a combination of third-party and first-party, did set a record during the quarter. Okay. Sorry, just to be clear, both Apple's own internal advertising and within the licensing individually set records? Actually, I'm not saying that. I'm just saying that the combination of the two set a record. I'm dodging the question intentionally because we don't split it at that level. Okay. Okay. Understood. Thank you. Yeah. Thank you. All right. Thank you, Wamsi. Operator, could we get the next question, please? Our next question is from Samik Chatterjee with JPMorgan. Please go ahead. Hi, Mel. Thanks for taking my question. Maybe for the first one, Tim, you talked about the strong momentum you're seeing in China, which is also driving your confidence for the December quarter. Any thoughts on the role that the smartphone subsidies in that region are playing in this momentum? How do you think about sort of what portion of consumers are maybe using some of those subsidies, leveraging the subsidies at this point? Any more insights into that? I have a follow-up. Thank you. Yeah. The subsidies play a favorable role. The subsidies, as you know, are sort of across multiple categories from PCs to tablets to smartwatches and smartphones. However, it's important to note they only apply to certain price ranges. There's a maximum price, and there's several of our products that sell above that price and therefore are not eligible for a subsidy. It does have a favorable effect, and it's clearly, at least from our vantage point, driving some consumer demand. Okay. Got it. A follow-up for Kevan here on the OpEx increase going into the December quarter, fairly sizable step up. If you could just dig into that number a bit more, what are sort of the components towards what you're spending? That increase year-over-year in OpEx does sort of exceed your revenue growth. Is that sort of what we should expect on a going-forward basis as well, where you probably need to invest a bit more in the near future? Thank you. Yeah. Samik, thanks for that question. As we've been outlining and reiterated in our last call, we are increasing our investments in AI. We'll also continue to invest in our product roadmap. The vast majority of the increase to our operating expenses are driven by R&D. While we continue to manage the company in a thoughtful and disciplined way, we're also managing the business for the long term and are super excited about all the opportunities we see ahead. As it relates to the question around OpEx and revenue growth, while OpEx has been growing at a faster rate than revenue, we have seen gross margin expansion. When we look at that on a combined basis, it does allow us to have healthy operating leverage, and our operating income growth has been generally outpacing revenue growth for the past several years. Clear. Thank you. Thanks a lot. Awesome. Thank you, Samik. Operator, could we get the next question, please? Our next question is from David Vogt with UBS. Please go ahead. Great. Thanks, guys, for taking my questions. Maybe, Kevan, can I ask first, can you help us understand the tariff impact sequentially from the September quarter to the December quarter, particularly around iPhone supply constraints? I think I heard you say tariffs go from $1.1 billion to $1.4 billion, but the sequential uplift in iPhone revenue and presumably production, given supply chain constraints, is dramatically bigger. Can you help us understand how to think about the timing of those tariff headwinds as we move forward and that correlation? I have a follow-up. David, I'll take this one. You're right. It goes from $1.1 billion to a projection of $1.4 billion. The $1.4 billion is based on what we know right now and where the tariff rates and policies are. It assumes a stable kind of environment for the quarter. It does comprehend the change that was just made, which we're very encouraged to see, with the tariffs moving from 20% to 10% in China. That is factored in, and that is one of the reasons why it's not linear to volume, if you will. Does that make sense? Got it. No, that's helpful. That's what That's what I was asking, if the change is reflected in that outlook. As a follow-up, when you think about, I think on the Mac, I know people aren't asking about it, you talked about the tough comp, you're going into a holiday season. I understand that. When you think about the attached possibility for other products to the iPhone in the holiday season, how do we think about where the consumer's head is at and their wallet is at this point in the cycle? Granted, it is a tough comp, but is there an opportunity to see some upside from an attached rate perspective given the strength of the iPhone portfolio? We always like to remind people that by an iPhone, all the other things that we offer. You can bet that we're doing that. From a Mac point of view, the challenge is that last year was the mother of all Mac launches. All of these, from Mac Mini to iMac to all the MacBook Pros, all launched literally at the same time. This year, that compares to launching the 14-inch MacBook Pro, so there's a very difficult compare. Of course, in the long run, I'm very bullish on the Mac. You can see that the Mac, again, last quarter outgrew the market. We feel really well about how Mac is positioned, but this certain quarter is an extremely difficult compare. Tim, I'll add to that that we also had the DRAM upgrades last year for the Mac lineup, which also was another factor. Great. Thanks, Tim. Thanks, Kevan. Yeah. Sure. Awesome. Thank you, David. Operator, could we get the next question, please? Our next question is from Krish Sankar with TD Cowen. Please go ahead. Yeah. Thanks for taking my question. My first one is on the iPhone constraints. Is it a way to quantify how much business you left on the table because of those constraints? Is the different iPhone manufacturing from two different regions contributing to the constraint? I have a follow-up for you. To be clear, the constraint was not related to manufacturing capacity per se. It was that we called the number of iPhone 16s that we were going to make and were a bit short of where the demand really was. We could have sold more. We're not, publicly at least, estimating the extent of that. On iPhone 17 family, the demand is very strong. We obviously came out of the Q4 timeframe with lots of backorders. Got it. Thanks for that, Tim. A quick follow-up. Given the prevalence of chatbots and now some of these AI-infused web services, do you think that could change the consumer behavior on mobile app ecosystems? Are you seeing any of that? Would that have any impact on your App Store? I think there are opportunities on the App Store with artificial intelligence. As we have made our on-device models available for developers, we've seen developers begin to adopt them. As that proliferates, there's an opportunity for developers and for Apple to benefit from that, from adding features to their apps and so forth. Thanks a lot, Tim. Appreciate it. Yeah. Thank you. Thanks, Krish. Operator, could we get the next question, please? Our next question is from Aaron Rakers with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead. Yeah. Thanks for taking the question. I have two as well. I guess the first question is, when we look at the iPhone 17 demand, which you've repeatedly highlighted as very strong, I'm curious if there's been any discernible kind of change in the mix within the iPhone 17 categories between the Pro and the Pro Max versions relative to prior cycles? It's really too early to call the mix, to be honest. We don't like to publicly disclose that for competitive reasons. Frankly, we don't really know what the mix will be yet because we have constraints on both sides of the ledger, at the top and at the entry. We'll see what happens as we get more supply. As a quick follow-up, I'm curious as we work through the AI narrative that continues to build. Could you provide any updated thoughts around the buildout of Apple's Private Compute Cloud and how we should think about that as we look forward? We're obviously using PCC, our Private Cloud Compute, today for a number of queries for Siri, and we will continue to build it out. In fact, the manufacturing plant that makes the servers used for Apple Intelligence just started manufacturing in Houston a few weeks ago, and we've got a ramp planned there for use in our data centers. It's robust. Aaron, I'll add maybe there too, since you asked the question about Private Cloud Compute, that in 2025, we did have CapEx costs associated with building out our Private Cloud Compute environment in our first-party data centers. You would have seen that in some of the CapEx investment in the year. Thank you. Thank you. Thanks, Aaron. Operator, could we get the next question, please? Our next question is from Atif Malik with Citi. Please go ahead. Hi. Thank you for taking my questions and great execution. The first question is on iPhone Air. Does the consumer reception on iPhone Air give you a feel on perhaps the foldable phone market, or are the two form factors very different? I'm not sure that one is a proxy for the other. The thing that I would say is that where we don't get into the model kind of demand, at the aggregate level, we are thrilled with how iPhone has been received, and that's the reason that we're expecting double-digit growth in the current quarter. Great. Tim, as a follow-up, good to know that the personalized Siri is making good progress and on track for next year. Will you continue to use a three-pronged approach with your own foundation models and partner with other LLM providers and maybe potential M&A, or is one strategy more emphasized over another? We're obviously creating Apple foundation models within Apple. We ship them on-device and use them in the Private Cloud Compute as well, and we've got several in development. We also continually surveil the market on M&A and are open to pursuing M&A if we think that it will advance our roadmap. Thank you. Yep. Thank you. Thanks, Atif. Operator, can we get our last question, please? Our last question is from Richard Kramer with Arete Research. Please go ahead. Thank you very much. Tim, we've often seen Apple be a fast follower with iPhone and new technology, whether large displays or 4G or 5G. With all the hype now around AI, are you seeing evidence that AI capabilities or features are a material purchase consideration for consumers, or are the record sales levels you're reporting simply reflecting other factors like the retention of your iOS base? I think that there are many factors that influence people's purchasing considerations. We don't have a great in-depth survey yet on the current iPhone 17 because it's very new in the cycle, and we give it some time to formulate. I would say that Apple Intelligence is a factor, and we're very bullish on it becoming a greater factor. That's the way that we look at it. Okay. Thanks. One for Kevan. In the wake of nearly every other large tech company massively increasing their CapEx in advance of AI demand and also mentioning that there's scarce capacity, do you anticipate Apple altering its sort of long-standing hybrid approach to your own and third-party data centers? Maybe can you talk a little bit about the role you see for Apple Silicon with the new M5 series of chipsets? Hi, Richard. Thanks for the question. In general, I think, as we've talked about before, we are expecting increases in our CapEx spending related to AI investments. For example, as I mentioned earlier, we did end up having investments this year to build out our Private Cloud Compute environment. We do believe this hybrid model has served us very well, and we continue to want to leverage it. I don't see us moving away from this hybrid model where we leverage both first-party capacity as well as leverage third-party capacity. We'll continue to want to build out Private Cloud Compute, as Tim outlined, as we have more usage there over time. In general, we'll want to continue to have this hybrid model. Okay. Thanks. Thanks, Richard. A replay of today's call will be available for two weeks on Apple Podcasts as a webcast on apple.com/investor and via telephone. The number for the telephone replay is 866-583-1035. Please enter confirmation code 0689794 followed by the pound sign. These replays will be available by approximately 5:00 P.M. Pacific Time today. Members of the press with additional questions can contact Josh Rosenstock at 408-862-1142. Financial analysts can contact me, Suhasini Chandramouli, with additional questions at 408-974-3123. Thanks again for joining us. This does conclude today's conference. We do appreciate your participation.