Hello, and welcome to the Aurinia Pharmaceuticals second quarter earnings call and webcast. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. If anyone should require operator assistance, please press star zero on your telephone keypad. A question and answer session will follow the formal presentation. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to turn the call over to Glenn Schulman, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead. Thanks, Kevin, and thanks all for joining us today as we discuss Aurinia's second quarter financial results. Joining me on the call this afternoon are Peter Greenleaf, President and CEO, Joe Miller, our Chief Financial Officer, Max Colao, our Chief Commercial Officer, and Neil Solomons, our Chief Medical Officer here at Aurinia. Our agenda for today, Peter will provide a review of the LUPKYNIS launch to date, our outlook for the rest of the year, along with our ongoing clinical and regulatory activities. From there, Joe will discuss our financial performance in more detail. After some closing remarks from Peter, the whole team will be here and available for your questions. Note that today's press release, announcing our financial results and recent operational highlights are accessible from our website at www.auriniapharma.com. It's also been filed on a Form 8-K with the SEC and SEDAR as well. This afternoon, we filed our financial statements and accompanying management's discussion and analysis in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Please note that during the course of this call, we may make forward-looking statements based on our current expectations. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of significant risks and uncertainties, and our actual results may differ materially. For a discussion of factors that could affect our future financial results and business, please refer to the disclosure on our press release and in our quarterly report and Form 10-Q and recently filed 10-K, which are publicly available on our website, along with all of our recent U.S. SEC and Canadian Securities Administrators filings. Also note that all the statements made today during the call are current as of today, August 5th, 2021, and based upon information currently available to us at this time. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update any such statements after this date. With all of that, let me turn the call now over to Peter, our CEO and President. Peter? Hey, thanks, Glenn. I want to thank everybody for joining us this afternoon. Through the first half of 2021, we've made significant progress against all aspects of our company strategy. Today, we're going to walk you through the four major areas of focus for Aurinia and provide you with details on our execution and results achieved to date. The first, and by far the most important at this stage, is our progress with the U.S. launch of LUPKYNIS for the treatment of patients with active lupus nephritis. We will briefly walk you through the work we are doing to expand access to LUPKYNIS, which includes our global regulatory filings and our continued focus on generating new data for patients living with LN. From there, we'll provide you with an update on our financial position and runway as a company. Then lastly, we will touch on where we see Aurinia strategically and operationally by the end of 2021. After all this, we'll open up the microphone to you all to see what questions you may have. Here we are, well into the summer and just over five months into the LUPKYNIS launch. I guess needless to say, we've generated a lot of data points up to this point to supplement our pre-launch research and continue to learn more now that we actually have entered the real-world environment, including lupus nephritis patient characteristics and healthcare professional attitudes and behaviors. With this ongoing understanding of the market and just under two quarters of commercial availability, our confidence with LUPKYNIS remains undiminished. Let's start with the primary key metric for the second patient start forms, which as a reminder, equates to LUPKYNIS prescriptions being written for patients. There were 415. That's up approximately 60% from the first quarter. We see this as a clear signal of generating momentum in the adoption of LUPKYNIS. As you know, lupus nephritis is a rare disease. We've said that from the outset. The majority, if not all of the medications used by physicians to treat the disease are unapproved generic treatments that have been used for the last 20 to 50 years. Prior treatment regimens are all the healthcare professionals and patients have known historically. Education on new products and adoption of new treatment approaches takes time. I'm happy to tell you that our data and promotional efforts to date are having real impact. Next, let me walk you through our revenue performance for the quarter and provide some context, because there's a positive message here as well. In Q2, we generated $6.6 million in net sales. This number exceeded consensus expectations for the quarter and shows the type of ramp we have expected with a new drug and an indication that did not historically have an FDA-approved treatment. We believe this, in combination with the prevailing winds of the COVID environment, is a significant result. Okay. Let's move on to some other positive trends. As of patient start forms are well north of 800 to date, and our conversion rate to patients on therapy continues to increase from what we last reported at the end of Q1. On the payer coverage front, LUPKYNIS is currently covered for over 110 million lives in the United States, and we are continuing to pursue further coverage. To provide some granularity behind that number, there are, as of today, at least 50 published LUPKYNIS clinical coverage policies. Importantly, the prior authorization requirements across these policies are very much in line with the package insert, and in fact, the restrictions are less onerous than what we had originally expected. All are reasons to be optimistic. We believe this trend will continue to grow for the remainder of 2021 and drive down our time to starting therapy and drive up our overall conversion rates. I can also report that the rate of prescription abandonment to date so far has been low. So far, albeit it is early on in the launch, our rate of compliance is also exceeding our initial launch expectation. In the face of these results, we have also experienced some challenges and acted on many key in-market learnings. The most prominent of these, of course, is the pandemic. Now, I think you've all heard the impact of COVID on patients, either postponing or canceling care and treatments for all types of conditions. I'm here to tell you that the impact on lupus nephritis patients has been particularly problematic. Treatment use by patients is down, no matter which metric you look at. Almost 10% of LN patients completely exited the healthcare system in 2020, while diagnostic kidney biopsies, which is how lupus patients are diagnosed with lupus nephritis, are down 22% compared to before the pandemic. The addressable population of lupus nephritis patients was reduced by a material extent just as we were approved for use. Of course, this impacts the initial rate by which things can initially ramp up. Regardless, the pandemic-related factors that have impeded access to healthcare today will recede and hopefully refer back to pre-pandemic levels over time. We are also being proactive and have implemented definitive steps to help identify more patients more rapidly and drive LUPKYNIS adoption. Our sales, marketing, and medical affairs effort have together made an important impact for patients. The team has conducted more than 30,000 calls on target clients to date. This is due in part by us taking an early stand on vaccination, and I'm glad to report that nearly all of our field force has been vaccinated. The Aurinia team is also gaining greater access to healthcare professionals as COVID restrictions begin to ease, which is especially noticeable in the Northeast and out in the West regions. The percentage of live calls also increased from the first quarter to 80% of interactions versus where we were the last quarter. Internal and external market research has reported that LUPKYNIS efficacy message is resonating favorably with healthcare professionals with a high level of recall. The implication of that is that more clinicians we can visit and communicate this powerful message to, the more prescribing will result. Through all of these efforts, we have seen the physician intent to treat continue to increase. We are seeing both the community and the large lupus centers, and increased responses from both rheumatologists and nephrologists. While we always aspire for more, I can tell you that our efforts to date have been on target. Knowing there's more to do, we will continue to execute with tremendous urgency, and our entire Aurinia team remains committed to realizing the true potential of LUPKYNIS for patients living with lupus nephritis. With all this in mind, I want to provide some guidance on where we feel the full year will shake out. I'm often asked this, and while we still think it's very early in the game, we would like to provide some steer on how we see the first-year revenue landing. Based upon a number of factors, including the current growth rates, expected conversion rate improvements, payer reimbursement, attrition rates, and our compliance estimates, we believe that our 2021 net revenue will land in the range of consensus and currently forecast net revenue between $40 million and $50 million for LUPKYNIS after the first 11 months of marketing. I'd like to shift our focus beyond the U.S. and onto our efforts to make voclosporin a global therapy. We're pleased to announce that in June, that our ex-U.S. partner, Otsuka, submitted the MAA for voclosporin, seeking regulatory approval for the treatment of adults with active lupus nephritis in Europe. With the application filed, we still expect a standard 12-month review cycle, meaning that the CHMP opinion should be made around mid-2022, followed by an EMA decision anticipated in the third quarter of 2022. Just as a reminder, approval in the EMA will result in the achievement of additional milestone payments of up to $30 million to Aurinia. As well as the ability to earn low double-digit tiered royalties on sales, along with further revenue for supplying the product to Otsuka. This all has potential to significantly strengthen our future financial position as a company. With regards to regulatory support and work going on for the JNDA filing in Japan, we, alongside of Otsuka, are currently engaged in discussions with the PMDA. These early conversations have been encouraging. We look forward to providing updates as definitive filing timeline is determined. Alongside of our globalization efforts, we continue to drive new data for LUPKYNIS in 2021 and beyond. We see this as key to our objective of evolving the treatment paradigm. Let me recap. This past May, we announced a supportive interim analysis of the AURORA 2 continuation study, showing that individuals that were treated with LUPKYNIS sustained meaningful reductions in proteinuria with no change in mean eGFR at 104 weeks of treatment. The Aurinia team remains on track to achieve database lock for the AURORA 2 blinded two-year continuation study by the end of 2021. We are therefore updating our guidance and will report top line data from AURORA 2 by the end of this calendar year. We believe AURORA 2 will be critically important to support the longer-term treatment of LN with LUPKYNIS. In addition to AURORA 2, the team is finalizing the protocol and working to initiate VOCAL, which is the adolescent trial of voclosporin in lupus nephritis, as well as the protocol for a lactation study with voclosporin, which is all in alignment with our FDA post-marketing commitments. Additional phase IV work includes a lupus nephritis registry that we are initiating to explore additional real-world usage of LUPKYNIS. The research team is also evaluating novel dosage formulations of voclosporin, including both oral and topical applications. Now moving on to the financials. Obviously, one important question is how much cash do we have on hand, and is it enough to actually get us what we need to accomplish? With a cash position in excess of $320 million, we remain sufficiently capitalized to fund our current operations and execute on our longer-term strategy. While we don't run a static business here, things can always change, of course. We have no immediate needs to raise money. Something I'm proud to say that not every company in our position can report at this early stage of a launch. Our earlier cash runway guidance into 2023 remains consistent. Outside of performance, I'd like to take a moment to highlight some recent board changes. One of our long-term directors, Dr. Michael Hayden, retired during the second quarter, which provided us with an opportunity to appoint Dr. Brinda Balakrishnan to fill the seat. Dr. Balakrishnan is a Group Vice President of Corporate and Business Development at BioMarin, where she leads initiatives on corporate strategy, mergers and acquisitions, partnering and licensing. We look forward to her contributions to the board and leveraging her experience and guidance as we continue to build Aurinia. Finally, on the long-term strategy front, the company continues to evaluate strategic opportunities through external business development. We remain focused on identifying the right autoimmune disease assets for the right indication in an effort to provide our stakeholders with long-term value. We remain committed to building out and diversifying our pipeline, and we expect to make progress on this key objective by the end of 2021. To sum it all up, we are seeing positive trends across almost every aspect of our business. We remain confident that we have a significant commercial opportunity with LUPKYNIS. We know that we have the right team, the right product and approach in place to get there. While I'll circle back at the end of the close to close things out, I'd like to now pass the baton over to Joe Miller, our CFO, to provide more color on the financials. Joe? Thank you, Peter, and good afternoon, everyone. As of June 30th, 2021, Aurinia had cash equivalents, and investments of $323.7 million compared to $423 million on December 31st, 2020. We are devoting the majority of our operational efforts and financial resources towards the commercialization and post-approval commitments of our approved drug, LUPKYNIS. Taking into consideration the cash and cash equivalents and investments as of June 30th, 2021, we believe that our cash position is sufficient to fund our current plans, which include funding commercial activities, including our FDA-related post-approval commitments, manufacturing commercial drug supply, conducting our planned R&D programs, funding our supporting corporate infrastructure, and investing in our pipeline into at least 2023. Total revenue was $6.6 million and $29,000 for the three months ending June 30th, 2021 and June 30th, 2020, respectively. Total revenue was $7.5 million and $59,000 for the six months ending June 30th, 2021, in comparison to the prior year period. Our revenues primarily consisted of product revenue, net of adjustments for LUPKYNIS following FDA approval in January of 2021. Cost of sales were $308,000 and $0 for the three months ended June 30th, 2021 and June 30th, 2020, respectively. Cost of sales were $356,000 and $0 for the six months ended June 30th, 2021, in comparison to the prior year period. This increase was primarily the result of our commercial sales of LUPKYNIS. Gross margin for the three and six-month period ending June 30th, 2021 was approximately 95%. SG&A expenses increased to $43.8 million for the three months ended June 30th, 2021, compared to $15.4 million for the three months ended June 30th, 2020. For the six months ended June 30th, 2021 and June 30th, 2020, SG&A expenses were $83 million and $26.5 million, respectively. The primary drivers for the increase for the three and six months ended June 30th, 2021, as compared to the prior year period, were an increase in salary, incentive pay, and employee-related benefits and share-based compensation expense related to the expansion of the commercial and administrative functions to support the launch of LUPKYNIS following FDA approval. In addition, there was an increase in professional fees for activities such as patient assistance programs, consulting, recruiting costs, legal, market research, and other marketing-related activities. R&D expenses were $10.1 million and $11.1 million for the three months ended June 30th, 2021 and June 30th, 2020, respectively. For the six months ended June 30th, 2021 and June 30th, 2020, R&D expenses were $19.9 million and $24.9 million, respectively. The primary drivers for the decrease were lower CRO expenses and other third-party clinical trial costs, together with a decrease in clinical supply and distribution costs following the approval of LUPKYNIS. The decrease was partially offset by an increase in employee-related expenses. For the quarter ending June 30th, 2021, Aurinia recorded a net loss of $47 million, or $0.37 per common share, as compared to a net loss of $26.5 million or $0.24 per common share for the quarter ending June 30th, 2020. For the six months ended June 30th, 2021, Aurinia recorded a net loss of $97.4 million or $0.76 per common share as compared to a net loss of $52.5 million or $0.47 per common share. With that, I would like to hand the call back over to Peter for some closing remarks. Peter? Thanks, Joe, and again, thank you all for taking the time to join us this afternoon. In closing, we hope you have a clearer picture of the early launch trajectory and our belief in LUPKYNIS and the success of this company. With our metrics across the board continuing to show positive results, we are making a difference for people with serious autoimmune diseases. We look forward to providing additional updates in the months and quarters to come, and I'd now like to turn the microphone over to the operator for questions. With that, operator, please feel free to open it up to Q&A. Thank you. I will now be conducting your question and answer session. If you like to be placed in the question queue, please press star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you'd like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. Once again, that's star one to be placed in the question queue. Our first question today is coming from Alethia Young from Cantor Fitzgerald. Your line is now live. Hi, this is Emily on for Alethia. Thanks for taking our questions and congrats on the solid quarter. I'm curious, what are the factors that you are seeing to be most helpful in driving rheumatologists and nephrologists to prescribe the drug based on your education efforts? Maybe as a follow-up, do you have any feedback on how physicians are thinking about duration of treatment, and if you think the AURORA 2 data later this year could potentially help them make those decisions? Thank you. Yeah. Well, thank you very much. Why don't I start? If I miss on anything, I'll jump to Max Colao and see if he has anything to add. I think it's a multitude of different factors that are helping us to get initial prescriptions. One. You have to point first at the data and the compound. Without that, I think you always have a challenge to market any drug. It is a data-driven sell. We have to not only walk the physician through the data that we've been able to develop and deliver through phase II and phase III, but I think it's also important that we have to deliver that with a specific patient in mind. Patient profiling, patient identification, helping the physician come up with a patient in mind has been critical. I can't emphasize enough, I guess, that this is a very strong clinical sell. Our reps are trained to do so. That's probably the single biggest driver to getting a patient on the drug. That and identifying the right patient. To your question on the AURORA 2 extension trial and its importance and expectations around physician dosing, I think this is something we're learning about, right. It's our expectation that when we position the product, that physicians are looking to reduce their overall levels of proteinuria. To do that over time, because the data that's out there shows that if proteinuria is not kept in control over time, that these patients have worse outcomes and can move on to more severe disease and even death if they're not treated. That's generally not just with our drug, but if they're not treated aggressively. I think physicians go in with a mindset that they're putting patients on this drug not just for induction, but to maintain the patients over time. The AURORA 2 data is going to be important because remember, our initial approval was based upon one-year data, and throughout the year, we've done cuts of the data at major medical meetings, and we've been able to produce data to show continued control of proteinuria as well as no negative, at least through this data set, no negative impact on kidney function as it's measured by GFR or eGFR. It's important, and we think this data is going to be very helpful as we move into our second year of launch and patients looking to get on another year of treatment for those early ones that we got on early in the launch. We think it's going to be important. Max, did I miss on anything there? No, I think you hit it perfectly. Thank you. Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Justin Kim from Oppenheimer & Company. Your line is now live. Hi. Good afternoon. Thanks for taking the questions. Congratulations on the progress. Just wanted to know if you could talk a little bit more about the 50% conversion rate. Do you have any insight as to what proportion of those unconverted start forms continue to be executed compared with sort of those having run their course? Additionally, sort of which forms may, or what proportion could be challenged at somewhat of a coverage payer level? Here too, let me start. I think, as any initial rare disease launch, I wouldn't even call it a challenge. I think the initial process for getting a patient on drug involves some paperwork and involves a prior auth in most cases, and that alone is an initial hurdle you need to get over. On this rate, Max, is there any color you want to give below this 50%+ conversion rate that we reported that you think is important? Sure. Go ahead, Max. Yeah, no, as Peter highlights, there's some paperwork involved to get access, and that takes a little bit of time. Really, at any point in time, we may have 20%-25% of the start forms that are work in process, where the prior auths are being completed, there may be some appeals that need to be done. Then there's some of the start forms that are canceled. As Peter highlighted in the call, the cancellation rate that we've been seeing is relatively low, especially when we compare ourselves with benchmarks. Our cancellation rate is less than 20%, and we see with benchmarks 25%-35%. I think that's a way to think about it. Always some portion that's work in process and then the rest go to patients on treatment. Okay. Got it. It's great to see that sort of number tick up from the prior quarter. Just on the start forms, the sort of rate at which I think the third quarter is shaping up looks to be somewhat flat. I'm just wondering, is there a sort of seasonal effect you anticipate with the summer in terms of start forms and just any thoughts there? I didn't catch the comment on where you see the rate of start forms, what I would say is, we're interested in looking at the impact of how the summer months affect both patients coming into the offices, consistency of patients staying on drug, and of course, the activity of physicians prescribing the drug. What I can tell you in the early start of the month data through July, that's a little bit of color underneath those numbers we reported, is that I would say there's consistency. Our back half of the year numbers obviously continue to show progressive growth in those numbers in order to achieve what we've projected as our revenue range for the year. Okay. Got it. Just maybe a final question. With the data that you're seeing, it seems encouraging how patients are getting on therapy and staying on therapy. Just wondering if the $65,000 net price per patient is something that we should still expect, and how we should think about COGS as a percentage of that number. Yeah, I'll give COGS to Joe. What I would tell you is, I think our abandonment number is low, and we're happy about that. Even in this early stage, I think that's something we can track and feel good about. I think on the persistency side, that would be patients starting on prescriptions and then continuing on them, those numbers are even better. It's so early in the game that we have to watch that over time. We have to see patients on drug for six months, a year and a half, two years before we really know what our ongoing persistency rate is going to be. I can tell you early in the launch, it's less than 10% that are going off of drug, and that's a good number, even at this early stage. On the average net, all I can tell you is that we are consistent or above where our average net we projected, which was $65,000. Again, there, I think we need time to continue to see how that shapes. We are not below and as I said, we're either on or above, which I think is a good positive trend going forward. Joe, you want to take COGS? Yeah. I think you saw some consistency between the margins in Q1 and Q2. I would say, if you're looking out forward, there might be slight fluctuations quarter-over-quarter, but I would say it'd be reasonably consistent with what you saw in the first two quarters of this year. Okay. Thanks so much, and congrats on the progress. Thank you. Thanks, Justin. Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Maury Raycroft from Jefferies. Your line is now live. Hi, everyone. This is Farzi, in on for Maury. Thank you for taking our questions. Just to clarify about the BD plan. Do you have plans to explore LUPKYNIS in other proteinuric kidney indications, or do you have plans to in-license assets? Sort of timing for those? Yeah. The question, just so my team could all hear that because it was a little muffled on my end, was on our BD plans and how much of both our development and our external work evolves around LUPKYNIS and how much of it's external. I would say this, and we said this on previous calls, our intention is to invest in further understanding, further exploration and depth first in LUPKYNIS in the area of LN. Second to that, any further work we would do would be through probably non-registration work. We don't have intents to go into other broad-based kidney diseases. The reason for that is not necessarily mechanistic. It's probably more based upon our ability and/or inability to continue to drive further intellectual property. If we can find ways to extend that longevity, then we might change our view there. We are doing some formulation work, which is centered around both maybe some other ways to administer the product and have some elements of intellectual property around them. More to report there when we have something meaningful enough to do so. The other elements of business development center totally around diversifying our portfolio. What I would say is as we said in the call, our goal is to start making inroads on that front in 2021. Expect to hear more from us soon there. Great. One more question is, has LUPKYNIS been prescribed to newly diagnosed LN patients yet? As we said, even on the first call, and I'll repeat for the year, I'll repeat it here. The product's been prescribed across, I would say, the continuum. Meaning, earlier stage patients and later stage or tougher to treat patients. I would say the majority of the patient type we're getting right now are patients that have seen MMF and steroids and are probably a little bit of the tougher to treat patients, which was exactly what we expected when we launched the drug. Our goal over time doesn't change our positioning. We position the product how it was studied, which is for a broad range of patients, but our goal over time is going to be to move further and further down in the treatment paradigm. Yeah. Thank you so much. Thank you. Next question today is coming from Ken Cacciatore from Cowen and Company. Your line is now live. Hey, Peter and team. Congratulations on all the progress here as well. Wondering, as you indicated, as we're getting more and deeper into the launch, one of the questions that we're often asked is, do we have a good handle on the size of the patient population still? You are out there doing real-time survey work, as you indicated. Wondering, feedback and your view of the size of the market. Wondering, as you have more and more interactions, anything surprising coming back to you when we talk to clinicians a little bit of the kind of wedded to the previous products that they've been using and getting a sense that this clinician group in general kind of wants to socialize amongst each other, hear from key opinion leaders. Can you talk about what you're doing on that front to try to help facilitate that kind of clinician-to-clinician interaction? Thanks so much. Okay. Thanks, Ken. Good questions. I think we'll stay consistent here, Ken, with what we've said on the patient population from the start, but I'll provide a little bit more of a drill down. In terms of the overarching sort of diagnosed patient population, we think there's probably somewhere, and of course, these are estimates, 80,000 to 120,000 patients in the U.S. That we've said in the past, we think that number outside the U.S. can probably be replicated through Europe and what little Japan work that we have. It's a sizable patient population. Now, there's a caveat to that. As you go further down in sort of disease severity and where patients are in the continuum of their disease, whether they have active lupus nephritis, whether what drug therapy they're on, what stage of disease they have, that number whittles down. Back to the previous question on, are you getting newly diagnosed patients? Eventually to grow this thing to the point that we're going to want to grow it to, we're going to have to continue to press down earlier in the treatment paradigm, which I think as everybody knows, our data supports because then we studied a wide range of patients. Today, it feels even more like a rare disease because the patients we're hunting for are probably more of those patients who have seen at least a course of MMF and steroids and still have active disease, which is a much smaller N. Today, I would hesitate to put an exact number on that. As we learn more, we'll most likely provide more detail on what we're learning. Which I think leads a little bit into your second question, which was, is there a tendency in what we're seeing for physicians to not be aggressive in adoption of new therapies and sort of be wedded to what they've done? It was pretty purposeful, the commentary that we put into the earnings call around new therapies, where there have not been FDA-approved medicines in the past, in these areas like lupus nephritis, where physicians have been using the same therapies for decades, that it takes longer to educate, to gain comfort, and to get physicians to be more aggressive in terms of how they treat and try to lower proteinuria. I would say rheumatologists are probably a little more aggressive on that curve than are nephrologists, and I think that has a lot to do with the onslaught of new innovation that's been driven into rheumatology and maybe as it pertains to certain rare kidney diseases where there hasn't been as much new innovation. What we're doing about that is we are driving it in our clinical messaging. We're trying to go as early as possible. We're overly educating in how we train our representatives. We are trying to do peer-to-peer programs. We're trying to drive thought leader-driven speaker programs. We're working hard with our medical science liaisons, both in the field and at the major medical conferences. We're trying to continually produce data and continue to move forward, not just with the data we have, but new data, so this is fresh in the minds with those treating physicians. I'd say it's the continuum of tactics you would expect on the medical education front. Yeah, Peter, what I would add to that is, in our market research pulse surveys, we consistently see that when we ask nephrologists or rheumatologists, we consistently see that more than half of them, their intent to prescribe LUPKYNIS is more than 50% of them have an intent to prescribe either in the next month or the next three months. Just to add a little bit of color to the extent of our effort around education over, since launch, we've run more than 500 peer-to-peer programs that involve healthcare practitioners as well as KOLs. Thank you, Max. Thank you. Ken, anybody else? Our next question is coming from David Martin from Bloom Burton. Your line is now live. Congratulations. Couple of questions. Are you seeing any off-label use with cyclophosphamide? I don't know. I don't have specifics on that, but I would say it has not come up in our conversations in combo with cyclophosphamide. I know we have such a wide range of patients that it's probably in that mix, but if it is, it's minimal. Okay. You mentioned low abandonment. We're still relatively early in the adoption of the drug. In discussions with physicians, do you get a sense if some, any of them will treat to remission and then withdraw the patients from treatment, or is this going to be chronic? It's really too early to tell from data, but I can tell you, David, that our messaging and our positioning is centered around the data, and we don't speak about or talk about the drug with physicians in a induction and maintenance sort of mode. We talk about the importance of controlling proteinuria over time. It'll play out in the data. We'll know more when we start to see patients, six months, a year, two years. I think, it's kind of early to tell from just the straight data. Early data is good. Okay. Then what about with BENLYSTA launching around the same time as you? Are you getting a sense now of what kind of patient doctors are putting on BENLYSTA versus LUPKYNIS? Do some doctors just treat all their patients with LUPKYNIS? How is that splitting? Yeah, you know what? I'm going to pitch this one to Max Colao, because we were just talking about it yesterday, and it's something that we do look at. Max, you want to take this one on? Yeah, sure. The data we have on that is anecdotal and then also, again, through our market research pulse surveys. What we hear is that with nephrologists and rheumatologists both, is that they do position BENLYSTA and LUPKYNIS really for different types of patients. The LUPKYNIS patient that comes to the forefront is that patient, as Peter mentioned, with high level of proteinuria, where there's a sense of urgency in terms of bringing the proteinuria down quickly. That patient may be on MMF and steroids currently. In our pulse surveys, when we look at the intent to prescribe between BENLYSTA and LUPKYNIS, it's around the same type of intent to prescribe. Again, we believe that that's due to the physicians are thinking about different patient types in apportioning that out. Okay. Next question. You had a question about the trajectory of patient start forms. the math I've done, it looks like you added, I think about 165 in second quarter, and now you've already added 135, just a little beyond the first quarter in Q3. That looks to be accelerating. Is my math right, or am I missing something here? I think what you're doing is in those numbers, you're putting quarter-over-quarter additional patients. Remember, in quarter two, we had 415 for a total of up to date north of 800. Right? In thinking about growth quarter-over-quarter, we really haven't guided to that, David. Not because we're trying to be tricky. It's because based upon the numbers we've projected out, a lot of different scenarios can happen. We try to patient start forms every day. That's the number one objective. Once we get those start forms, to get those patients on commercial medication as quickly as possible. Different things can happen, like our average net price can be different. It can be more, it can be less, whereas to get to our forecast, the variability in all the methods that feed into that can be there. I don't think that's a bad assumption to think about is growth on top of the growth rate that we put forward in quarter two, to think about that in an additive way going to the back end of the year. I think if you added average net on those patients and you assume a certain conversion rate, you can probably get to a good idea of how we got to the numbers we had. I hope everybody appreciates, we wanted to give some steer on the year because we get asked so often, but there still are a lot of parameters we're dealing with that are non-COVID parameters based upon persistency, average net, et cetera, that could all move around by the end of the year. Okay, great. I do have one other question, if I can. You mentioned the target patient is kind of defined by, at least right now, having failed MMF and steroids. From your own trial and from other trials, we see MMF and steroids, you only get about 20%, 25% of patients remitting on those. Is that remaining 75%-80% your target population right now, or does it cut down smaller than that? Well, I think there's two parts to that question in my mind. There's where we are, and then there's where we want to be. I wouldn't say that our data limits us to just those patients that are failing MMF and steroids. They just have to have active disease. They can be newly diagnosed patients, and once initiating MMF and steroids adds us into the mix for a newly diagnosed patient. That's where we want to be and where we sort of position the product today. More often than not, where we're ending up are patients with active disease that have seen a course of those therapies already, and that obviously is a smaller piece of the pie, although we haven't really given numbers as to how big that is, because we ourselves are still working to understand that. Okay, thanks. That's it for me. Thanks, David. Thank you. Next question today is coming from Will Soghikian from SVB Leerink. Your line is now live. Great. Thanks for taking my question, guys, and congrats on the continued progress this quarter. Circling back to some of your pulse surveys, it looks like about half the respondents indicate that they plan to prescribe LUPKYNIS, but could you provide any additional color on when these prescriptions are being made? For instance, is it occurring mainly when patients are experiencing a flare, or is it happening during the next patient visit? Is there a kind of a sense of urgency here in getting patients on treatment? Any color there would be helpful. Thanks. I'll ask for Max to help me out a little bit here. I think the essence of your question is when we see a pulse survey of intent to prescribe, how rapidly are we seeing that materialize into actual prescribing behavior? I think it's generally variable. We have seen it tick up, and I will tell you now that we're seeing more improvement in a COVID environment, i.e. patients getting back into physician offices and our reps being able to get into offices, that it's improving. I'm not sure that we have an exact quantification of how quickly it takes a survey to materialize into actual action. Max, do we have anything on that? No. I think the perspective on this, as Peter highlighted, this is a rare disease, right? Most of the patients are in the community setting. In that setting, on average, a physician may have four or five LN patients in total of their whole practice. It's not that they're seeing these patients on a daily basis and not even on a weekly basis, right? The intent to prescribe is how they're digesting, in my mind, is how they're digesting the data and how they're thinking about positioning. Then it's when the opportunity comes. Clearly, as you highlighted, the urgency clearly drives prescribing, and if that patient presents at the next visit with a very high level of proteinuria, and by and large, most patients are with MMF and steroids, right? If they present MMF and steroids, high level of proteinuria, LUPKYNIS is going to be top of mind from a prescribing standpoint. From there's a discussion with the patient, gaining agreement, going through the process, the access process. That's all how it works. You can't really tie, hey, 50% next month is going to realize this. It's a matter of the flow of the patients as they work through the practice. Okay. Operator, do we have any more questions? Once again, that's star one to be placed in the question queue. One moment please while we pull up further questions. I'd like to turn the floor back over for any further closing comments at this time. Okay. Well, with that, I again would want to thank everybody for joining us today. We're encouraged by the results we've seen to date, we obviously have more work ahead of us, and we look forward to updating you again in the near future. Have a good night, everyone. Thank you. That does conclude today's teleconference and webcast. You may disconnect your line at this time, and have a wonderful day. We thank you for your participation today.