Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Axalta and AkzoNobel conference call. At this time, all participants will be in listen-only mode. The call will be open for analyst questions following the presentation. If you'd like to ask a question at this time, you may press star one from your telephone keypad and a confirmation tone to indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you'd like to withdraw your question from the queue. For participants who are using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. As a reminder, this call is being recorded, and a press release and slide presentation regarding today's news are available on the investor relations section of each company's website. I would also like to remind everyone that all statements made during the call that relate to future results and events, including the proposed merger, are forward-looking statements that are based on current expectations. Actual results and events could differ materially from those discussed here. Please refer to the information on the disclaimer slide in the presentation, as well as the additional information contained in the regulatory filings for both companies. I'll now turn the call over to Rakesh Sachdev, Chair of the Axalta Board of Directors. Thank you. Welcome, everybody, and thanks for joining us. I'm Rakesh Sachdev, Chair of Axalta, and I'm delighted to open today's call also on behalf of Ben Noteboom, Chair of the Supervisory Board of AkzoNobel, and to welcome you to this Analyst and Investor Presentation on the proposed merger of equals between AkzoNobel and Axalta. This strategic combination will create a global coatings leader with $17 billion in revenue and an enterprise value of $25 billion. Together, we will drive significant value for our stakeholders, including shareholders, customers, employees, and the communities where we operate. On today's call, Greg Poux-Guillaume, AkzoNobel CEO, and Chris Villavarayan, Axalta CEO, will walk through the transaction details and why we are all very confident in the value creation potential of this combination. The history of each of our companies dates back well over a century. Greg brings deep global leadership experience in industrials and has a strong track record of operational excellence. Chris is widely recognized for driving performance, innovation, and customer-focused growth. Together, they will lead a world-class team as we bring these two great businesses together. With that, I'll turn over to Greg on slide five to kick us off with a deeper dive into the rationale for this transaction. Greg? Thank you, Rakesh. Good morning, good afternoon to everyone. Today truly marks an important step forward for both AkzoNobel and Axalta, a moment when two outstanding organizations come together to shape the future of our industry. By joining forces, we're creating a global coatings leader with $17 billion in revenue and enterprise value of about $25 billion, a market leader with the scale, the capabilities, and the ambition to set new benchmarks in the paints and coatings industry. This is a compelling combination. It delivers immediate benefits while opening the door to meaningful upside in the years ahead. We see clear, actionable opportunities for cost and operational synergies of $600 million, opportunities that we have specifically identified and therefore are within our control. This merger is about far more than synergies. It is rooted in deep and clear industrial logic. Together, we're creating a premier global coatings company with the portfolios, the technologies, and the talent to lead our industry. AkzoNobel and Axalta bring highly complementary strengths, leadership positions across key end markets, world-class innovation platforms, and a shared commitment to serving customers with excellence. This combination brings those strengths together in a way that is simply stronger than either of our companies could achieve alone. With greater scale, broader commercial reach, and enhanced capabilities, we will be better positioned to serve our customers, deliver superior value to our shareholders, and invest in innovation and growth. Both companies have grown to become global leaders: AkzoNobel in powder and aerospace, and Deco in marine protective, Axalta in refinish and mobility, by consistently investing in technology and long-standing customer relationships. Together, we will build on that heritage. Our focus will be on driving innovation that delivers tangible benefits to customers. This merger brings together two high-performing organizations with strong financial foundations. The combined company will have robust cash flow generation, providing the flexibility to invest in innovation and growth while supporting disciplined capital allocation and a clear commitment to maintaining an investment-grade rating. Over the next few slides, Chris and I will show why this combination is such a powerful opportunity and how it positions us to lead the next chapter of value creation in the global paints and coatings industry. Let's now turn to slide six, where we will walk you through the elements of the transaction structure. This is an all-stock merger of equals at no premium, with a special cash dividend to be paid to AkzoNobel shareholders equal to EUR 2.5 billion, minus any regular annual or interim dividends paid to AkzoNobel shareholders in 2026. Contrary to what some of the more mathematically challenged members of the investment community wrote this morning, who disregarded the EUR 2.5 billion of special dividend, if you count for the special dividend to Akzo shareholders, you can see that this is a no-premium merger of equals. Under the terms of the agreement, Axalta shareholders will receive AkzoNobel shares, so that AkzoNobel shareholders will own 55% of the combined company, and Axalta shareholders will own 45% of the company. The combined group's strong cash flow generation, together with the realization of identified synergies, will support our clear strategic capital allocation priorities. We will remain firmly committed to strong shareholder returns, including dividends, while maintaining an investment-grade credit rating with a target leverage ratio between 2 and 2.5 times net debt to EBITDA. This transaction has received unanimous support from both our boards, subject to shareholder approvals and customary regulatory clearances. We expect the transaction to close in late 2026 to early 2027. Following completion, the combined company will be solely listed on the New York Stock Exchange and domiciled in the Netherlands, with dual headquarters in Amsterdam and Philadelphia. Turning to slide seven, for more than a century and a half, both AkzoNobel and Axalta, I'm sorry, have shown resilience in successfully weathering industry shifts and led technological innovation to build well-established portfolios and brands. This merger brings together the very best of our two cultures: talented people, technical expertise, and a shared passion for serving customers at the highest level. Both organizations have long recognized that sustainability and innovation are the engines of long-term value creation. Across our combined 91 R&D centers, we are united in our drive to develop solutions that help customers improve performance, productivity, and environmental footprints. Together, we will serve an exceptionally broad set of end markets, from powder, industrials, aerospace, and Deco, to refinish and automotive, with leading positions in our core segments. By combining our technologies, our talent, and our customer relationships, we will be able to offer more depth and innovation than ever before. This is about creating a partner of choice with unmatched technical service and global reach. Turning now to slide eight, you can see clearly how the combination of AkzoNobel and Axalta reshapes the competitive landscape. The combination of AkzoNobel and Axalta immediately positions us as the number two global coatings company, with roughly $17 billion of revenue. Our scale, combined with a well-balanced mix of coatings, gives us one of the most diversified portfolios in the industry. Compared to peers, the strength of our combined platform is clear. We gain the reach and the breadth, both technologically and commercially, to lead in delivering value for our customers across our core markets. This is not just about size. It is about creating a stronger, more competitive company with the capabilities to drive sustained growth and value creation. I'll now hand over to Chris, who will walk you through the details behind our combined strength. Chris? Thank you, Greg. Bringing AkzoNobel and Axalta together is about unlocking value creation, accelerating sustainable growth, and creating a stronger, more diversified leader in coating solutions, as Greg described. On slide nine, you will see how our best-in-class brands complement each other. Together, we will have first-rate franchises across seven end markets, creating a balanced portfolio. Our combined global customers will gain access to an unmatched portfolio of coating solutions, from the homes and cities where we live and work to the vehicles that transport us and our goods across land, sea, and air. Our technologies will continue to meet the evolving needs of our customers worldwide. Our portfolio will be more diversified, both in geography and by application, and be differentiated by the breadth of solutions across approximately 100 well-known brands. Turning to slide 10, this combination meaningfully expands our geographic scale and strengthens our commercial reach. Together, we'll have a global footprint spanning approximately 173 manufacturing sites and 91 R&D facilities worldwide. This enhanced footprint unlocks meaningful value and enables us to accelerate innovation, optimize our cost structure, and expand into attractive markets. Individually, we were strong. Together, we're even stronger, equipped with the resources and capabilities to shape the future of our industry. By increasing our local presence in key geographies, we expect both AkzoNobel and Axalta's customers will benefit from the greater value we can deliver as one team through deeper channel access, broader product support, and customer relationships. Slide 11 captures one of the most powerful aspects of this merger: the depth of history, expertise, and innovation that both companies bring. Each of our organizations has been industry leaders for more than a century, and we are united by a shared commitment to R&D and a strong pipeline of solutions. Together, we will invest approximately $400 million in combined annual R&D spend, supported by 91 global R&D centers for local customer needs, approximately 4,200 research fellows, scientists, and engineers, and approximately 3,200 granted and pending patent applications. This scale and increased talent pool gives us the ability to accelerate innovation and deliver advanced, differentiated products across all end markets. Importantly, sustainability-driven innovation remains core to everything we do, ensuring our technologies meet customer needs today while shaping a more sustainable future. We're not just merging two companies. We're merging two innovation engines with a proven track record of shaping the industry. Turning to slide 12, this transaction presents a compelling opportunity to deliver meaningful incremental value to our shareholders that we could not deliver alone. By combining AkzoNobel and Axalta, we expect to unlock substantial synergy potential, further strengthening our financial profile. We anticipate that the combination will generate run-rate synergies of approximately $600 million, 90% of which is expected to be achieved within the first three years following the close of the transaction. The targeted synergies primarily stem from SG&A savings, as well as streamlined procurement functions, footprint optimization, and improved supply chain management. Importantly, we believe these synergies will translate into tangible benefits such as higher margins, stronger cash flow, and significant flexibility to support strategic and capital allocation priorities. Both organizations have a strong track record of focused execution, giving us confidence in our ability to deliver. For stakeholders, this means a more resilient, diversified business with enhanced profitability and long-term growth potential. Simply put, we believe this combination positions us to create long-term value, and we will have a clear line of sight on how to make this happen. As you can see from slide 13, we expect to have a highly attractive financial profile with strong adjusted EBITDA margins approaching 20% and substantial cash flow. With revenues of approximately $17 billion, adjusted EBITDA of $3.3 billion, and pro forma adjusted free cash flow of $1.5 billion, we will be among the top in our industry in terms of profitability and cash conversion. Putting it all together on slide 14, this combination is a unique opportunity to combine two iconic companies that we are confident will deliver superior value creation over the long term. This combined company's strong cash flow generation potential is expected to enable consistent capital returns through a regular dividend and the capacity to reinvest in innovation and growth. Our net leverage is expected to be in the range of 2-2.5, and the combined company is expected to be investment-grade credit rating. For shareholders, this means a stronger, more diversified business with enhanced profitability and the financial flexibility to invest in long-term value creation. Before I move ahead, I want to take this moment to reflect on this monumental announcement. Over the past few years, Axalta has successfully transformed its culture, enhancing engagement, driving innovation, and delivering operational efficiency across the organization. Our focused execution has been outstanding, and I'm immensely proud of the bold progress we've made. Looking forward, I'm excited to continue this journey alongside Greg and AkzoNobel. As outlined on slide 15, our stronger pro forma financial profile will underpin our ability to drive growth and create long-term value. This merger is more about the combination of two companies. It's about creating a stronger, more resilient coating leader that delivers for our shareholders, customers, and employees alike. We have outlined the financial strength and the innovation potential and the global reach that will define our future. I'm confident in our ability to execute and deliver the exceptional value ahead. With that, I'll turn it back to Greg. Thanks, Chris. Let's turn to slide 16 to discuss governance and leadership. We've designed a structure that is both balanced and combines the vast experience needed to manage the combined company. The current chair of Axalta, Rakesh Sachdev, will chair the Board with the current Chairman of AkzoNobel's Supervisory Board, Ben Noteboom, serving as Vice Chair. I'll serve as CEO with Chris as Deputy CEO. A leadership model that reflects the collaboration at the heart of this merger of equals. The board will also include independent directors to ensure strong oversight and an external perspective. Our approach to leadership is straightforward: ensure continuity where it matters most, make decisions anchored firmly in the long-term interest of the combined company, and hold ourselves accountable for delivering on the commitments we're making today. Both organizations bring deep experience in leading large integrations and transformations. We know this will require focus on discipline, and we're fully prepared to address challenges head-on and execute with precision. Finally, on slide 17, let me touch on what this merger means for our stakeholders. For our employees, this creates new opportunities across a larger, more diverse organization. In every major integration I've seen, new career paths opened up, sometimes in roles or geographies people never imagined. At the same time, we recognize that change brings uncertainty. Our commitment is to communicate early and consistently so people know where they stand. For shareholders, this combination is fundamentally about value creation: $600 million of identified cost synergies, superior margins, a stronger balance sheet with financial flexibility. For our customers, the merger brings a broader portfolio and deeper technical expertise and stronger local support, all reinforced by global scale and a shared focus on partnership and service. For our suppliers, we intend to build on existing strong relationships and use our combined reach to create new avenues for joint growth and innovation. On sustainability and innovation, both companies have made real progress. We will continue pushing for practical, measurable improvements that help stakeholders meet their goals while strengthening our own long-term competitiveness. On those words, that wraps up the presentation part of this meeting, and we're now happy to take your questions. I'll work with the moderator to dispatch them so you hear from all of us. Go ahead. Thank you. We'll now be conducting the question-and-answer session. If you'd like to ask a question at this time, you may press star one from your telephone keypad, and a confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you'd like to withdraw your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the Star keys. One moment, please, while we pull for questions. Thank you. The first question today comes from the line of Laurent Favre with BNP Paribas. Please proceed with your questions. Yes, thank you. I guess good afternoon, good morning, everyone. The first question is on synergies, and I was, I guess, wondering if you could talk about the range of scenarios around the 600 target. Can you help us understand how you derive the numbers? Is Is it bottom-up or top-down? Also, I guess, importantly, what is the sensitivity of that number to what may happen with the antitrust review? Is it highly sensitive to areas where you do have overlaps, and therefore there's risk around antitrust? The second question, if I can, from a leadership standpoint. You both arrived in the coatings industry at the same time, and I believe neither of you is particularly married to the industry. Can you help us understand the game plan on leadership post-closing and once synergy capture has come through? Do you already have an agreement on who stays for how long and ultimately who runs the show? Yeah. Thank you, Laurent. I'll take the first question, and Chris will take the second on leadership. I'd like to start by saying that this is a merger between an American company and a Dutch company. The first question is, it is a French guy answering the question of a French guy, which feels strange, but we'll go with that anyway. Synergies, the $600 million is something we worked on together. You know, Laurent, because you've been covering us for a long time, that AkzoNobel and Axalta have considered the opportunity of a merger multiple times in the past. Almost every time we had those discussions, we did a joint synergy study. When we reinitiated these discussions recently, we undertook another joint synergy study. So we've done a lot of work on this. The work has been bottom-up in the sense that we've got teams from both businesses, including people from the segments of both businesses, that contributed to this analysis. It is a solid and surprisingly granular for a merger of two listed companies, a surprisingly granular plan. We feel confident that this is something we can execute. Chris and I have done this before. Maarten de Vries, our CFO, also has been in similar situations, as has Carl. There is a team that knows how to deliver these things, and there is enough granularity and bottom-up elements that we feel we can hang our hat on this. Your question on antitrust, I mean, first of all, it is too early to speculate on any potential remedies. You have to keep in mind this is a really fragmented industry where there is ample competition. If you look at the synergies and you look at the breakdown that's in the presentation, the SG&A synergies mostly are not significantly impacted by remedies. The manufacturing and supply chain synergies are linked to the businesses. Procurement is a specific number linked to specific situations by commodity that we looked at. Rest assured that there's a lot of work that went behind this, and these are numbers that we feel strongly we can deliver. On leadership, Chris, you want to go ahead? Sure, absolutely. Laurent, thanks for the question. I think, to your point, Greg and I came here, came into the business at the same time. Obviously, Greg, from my perspective, the way we looked at this is to have a balanced leadership, both from a broad perspective as well as a leadership perspective. When it came to the leadership perspective, it's specific to the CEO. Obviously, Greg has been running a larger organization. If you think about AkzoNobel with 33,000 employees and Axalta, I think Greg has spent the last two years learning that business. I've obviously spent my time learning this business. What is complementary across the two businesses, we obviously have the three businesses when you look at refinish. Greg, on his side, also has aerospace, has marine. There are more businesses as well as D eco. I believe that gives him the opportunity to also drive a strategic initiative here. That is certainly the focus of the company going forward. If you look at the seven end markets, obviously, Greg has more, and it made sense that this would probably make sense for Greg to lead this. I'm supporting from, as I look forward from the synergy standpoint, and as Greg pointed out, both of us are very, very good at this. Both our teams are exceptional. It's built into our D&A. It's something that, as you can see in both our companies' performance in the last two years, we've both done an exceptional job. As Greg pointed out, we're supremely confident in achieving this. Even if we look at, as Greg pointed out, on the materials bucket, that is about $6 billion. There is ample opportunity, and we truly believe that this is something that we can execute and deliver on. Thank you. You're welcome. Thank you. Next question. The next question is from the line of Christopher Parkinson, Multiple Research. Please proceed with your question. This is Harris sign on for Chris. Congratulations, and thanks for taking my question. Just maybe if we could spend a minute thinking about the capital structure for the combined entity, will there be any incremental debt to fund the $2.5 billion or EUR 2.5 billion special dividend? That's my first question. Yeah. Maarten de Vries, the AkzoNobel CFO who's sitting next to me, will take that one. Carl can jump in afterwards if he wants to add anything. Maarten? Yeah. Thanks for the question. If you look at the special dividend of $2.5 billion, which is in fact a combination of the regular dividends in 2026 as well as special dividends, financing will be partly from available cash, but also from taking additional debt. We do not see any issue to be able to handle that. Carl, do you want to add anything? Yeah. Thanks, Greg. Good morning, Harris. Yeah. As Maarten outlined, I think the combined companies and the focus and the strategy of ensuring we're investment-grade will be the number one objective as we move forward. With the amount of free cash flow generation here over the next 12 months plus, and as Maarten articulated, we feel very comfortable with being able to deliver on the target range of leverage as we move forward. Thank you. I'd add to that, keep in mind that AkzoNobel, we just sold our Indian businesses. We got EUR 900 million of net proceeds. The deal is closing. I don't want to put pressure on our team, but like next week or the week after. We've suspended the share buyback that we had planned associated to those proceeds. The combination of the proceeds from the Indian disposal, the additional free cash flow we'll generate from now to closing. We see no issue with that special dividend. Next part of your question, Harris? Understood. Yeah. You mentioned a few times broader scale and commercial reach. Just curious if you're contemplating any potential for revenue synergies on either a regional or a customer basis as part of the combination. It'd be good to hear your thoughts on the potential there. Yeah. Chris and I share the view, and I'll start, and Chris will jump in. Chris and I share the view that there are significant revenue synergies associated to this transaction. We'll have unrivaled global coverage. We've got synergetic product ranges. There's all sorts of things that we can do, but neither of us is of the belief that you should bake these things into the shareholder presentation as you announce a merger like this. We want to hang our hat on stuff which is mechanical. The cost synergies are mechanical. These are things that we will extract regardless of what happens in the market. The revenue synergies are the cherry on top. Chris, you want to add anything? Yeah. No, that's perfect. I think well said, Greg. For us, there's obviously when we look at geographical scale and what we can do from the end markets, we have teams that are complementary in many regions that can carry other product lines or adjacencies. There is probably significant upside on revenue synergies. As Greg pointed out, we do not have any of that baked in our models here. Thanks. Next question. Thank you. The next question comes from the line of James Hooper with Bernstein. Please proceed with your questions. Congratulations, guys. I've just got a couple more from me. The first question is a simple one. Why now? Obviously, they've been on and off this merger for 10 years or so in various management teams. The second question is a bit more going into the cost synergy side of things. I mean, Greg, you spoke on Bloomberg TV this morning about U.S. governance and keeping the domicile. You mentioned that there wasn't so many, so all of the SG&A synergies will be independent of antitrust. To what extent is this, when we're underwriting the synergies, is this just a kind of continuation of cost cutting that you've already been doing? This is just a kind of logical extension now with perhaps a different domicile? Thank you. Yeah. Thanks, James. I'll take both questions, although I'll ping the why now question also back to Chris so you can check whether we believe we have the same answer. The first part, I mean, I'll start with your second question, the cost synergies. I think you're talking about two different things. You're talking about the cost synergies, and you're talking about the governance issues. The governance issues are, we're making this as much of a U.S. company as you can be while being Dutch domiciled. Dutch domicile is attractive. Companies that want to domicile in Europe, usually they look either at the Netherlands or Ireland. And our friends at Axalta can attest to that. At the same time, the coating space is led by U.S. investors. If you take Akzo today, 62% of our shares are in U.S. hands. U.S. listing really makes a lot of sense. To make this a U.S. company, we have to make it as close to the governance of a U.S. company as we can be. Some of that means having a one-tier board system rather than the historical Dutch two-tier board system. It also means dismantling the shifting that investors intensely dislike. This foundation that sits at the top of the company that some of you guys see as a poison pill or anti-capitalistic. All of that is going away. It is a one-tier board system. It is pretty much a U.S. company as an NV. We think there is a lot of value to that, including in how that company is going to be re-rated. Now, your question on the cost synergies. The cost synergies are, as I said, they are solid, the $600 million. I mean, some of them clearly would be impacted by potential remedies. My point has been that a lot of the synergies that you see on that page that details them are not directly correlated to whether we have to sell anything. The corporate stuff, for example, is regardless of whether the scope is adjusted a little bit or not, the corporate stuff is going to happen. There is only going to be one team, and there is only going to be one overhead structure. The procurement stuff is also largely going to happen and adjusted for a little bit of scope potentially. Once again, it is too early to speculate on that. The important part of your question, is this more of the same? The answer is it is not. Because if you look at what Akzo is doing, whether it is on our industrial transformation or on our functional cuts, the functional cuts are essentially already done. There's going to be a little bit more in 2026 because why stop now? The industrial transformation, the factory rationalization, we said that program would be fully completed at the end of 2026. Essentially, as the transaction closes, we will have delivered on the things that we committed to as AkzoNobel. The cost synergies that you're seeing are really the consequence of putting the two companies together and using the best of both worlds and relying on maximizing the value out of the assets that we have and getting rid of these surplus assets. It's really straightforward. It's an addition. It's not a substitution. Chris, you want to give flavor on why now? Sure. Absolutely. I think, James, simply put, and you asked the question on, hey, over the last 10 years, I personally believe, or I truly believe, there is no better platform. I think these two portfolios were meant to be together for the last 10 years. I think if you look at the compelling ability to create value, when you look at the synergies, you look at the re-rated potential, this was a deal that needed to happen. The strategic rationale and the breadth of the portfolio that this brings together is bar none better than most that's out there, or in my perspective, better than all that's out there. As I look at this going forward, the reason that this happened was both of us were able to work together to make this balanced and really start. Both of us coming in new into the business, I think helped and really pulled it together. It's also a true complement to both boards of coming together and making this possible. I think right now it was just the perfect time because we had the right mindset from a board perspective and a leadership perspective. Thanks, Chris. Next question? Yes. The next question may be coming from the line of Matthew DeYoe with Bank of America. Please proceed with your questions. Good morning, everyone. Chris, U.S. investors would probably say size of sales is not an indication of value. And you've clearly done an excellent job lifting margins. With that in mind, my first question is, what even is a Deputy CEO, and how will the two of you come to a conclusion if you fundamentally disagree on a solution? I think what Greg and I have worked on is what each of us are going to take as our responsibilities going forward. What I'm going to be focused on is really putting together and driving the synergy book and really driving the $600 million and coming up with the story and the implementation plans and have it ready to go on day one. It is something that we're going to work together, obviously, to James's previous question on why now. We were able to work together to get this deal done. I believe that we will certainly work together to develop and come up with the strategies around the synergy savings. As I've said in the previous questions, it is built into both our DNAs. I think we're exceptional not only from our perspective but from our team's perspective on driving cost. I think, as Greg pointed out in the last question, I think we know the exact buckets. We know the work we need to do. We will certainly develop the strategy. I'll help him put that together. The focus is on accomplishing that. It's truly in both our benefits. I don't think that there's going to be an issue that we're going to have too many disagreements on that side. In fact, I think knowing Greg and I will be pushing to higher numbers. Chris and I are aligned. We speak the same language. Matthew, we do not know each other well, but I do not want to leave you with the impression that Maarten and I at Akzo do not know what a U.S. investor is. I led the disposal of Alstom to GE and the integration of the Alstom businesses into GE. Maarten led the disposal of TNT to FedEx and the integration. We have done this before, and we will do our best to speak proper English and make sure you guys understand us. We understand what the challenge is and what the opportunity is. Yeah, Greg, I didn't mean to cast a shadow on you. Just more aggressive. I'm kidding. I'm kidding, I'm kidding, Matthew. I'm just being aggressive with Chris. Look, I appreciate your answer. I also appreciate you want to hang your hat on what's mechanical. I think both sides of the pond are pretty frustrated by a lack of organic growth across both franchises. I know there's a lot of macro to blame here, but also creating a more diversified organization doesn't really mean higher value or growth. As you sat in your offices kind of pontificating sales synergies, what did you come up with? Maybe you can expand a little bit, or it's really just too premature. It would be helpful to have a little discussion. Hey, Greg, do you want to take that, and I'll follow up after you? Yeah, sure. I'll start. Matthew, it's a really fair question. If you look at this industry, the last few years have been really challenging for growth. The market's gone sideways at best. It doesn't mean that this is a long-term trend because if you look at many of our end markets, the coatings demand is still below 2019 levels. At some point, there's going to be some type of recovery. There's been areas that have been at times a little bit difficult. Refinish has been difficult this year, for example, but these things come and go. What we see is we see the strength of the combined portfolio. We see the value of the combined geographical coverage. Akzo, if you look at our coverage pre-merger, we are actually under-indexed in the U.S. The U.S. is only about 13% of our sales, but we do 30% of our sales in Asia. If you plug in the Axalta delivery model in the U.S., which has demonstrated value and impact, and you take that model and you plug in the Akzo products and the Akzo businesses, and you do the same with the Akzo platform in Asia and Europe for the Axalta products, you can see that you can push harder and faster. We are very comfortable that the combination of the product complementarity and the strengthened geographical coverage will lead to growth above and beyond the market. Chris? Yeah. Just very little to add. I think what Greg has walked you through is how we will approach the market. Just two data points on how we will support it, with both companies coming together. What I mean by being stronger is, think about the ability of investing $400 million in R&D. We can certainly drive growth aspects of the business because of the fire potential we have in M&A. Also, in terms of capital and what we can deploy with our free cash flow, we believe we have built a company that will really be able to drive focused growth in areas we want to really drive growth in in the future. Matthew, did we answer your question? Thank you. Thanks. Next question. Next question is from the line of Chetan Udeshi with JPMorgan. Please proceed with your questions. Yeah, hi. Thanks for taking my two questions. The first one is, what is the role of the decorative paints business within the broader combined co? I remember, Greg, you alluded to this question on your third-quarter results call that there are no real synergies between decorative paints and industrial coatings. If you were able to scale your industrial coatings business with something, which seems to be this, then the eventual exit from decorative paints is not unfeasible. The related question is, if you were to sell your decorative paints business, would you have or would that have any impact on your synergy number? The second question is a bit more cynical one. Typically, we see these sort of mergers and all of the existing restructuring activities sometimes get lost. We are aware, and I'm sure we all track Akzo's own industrial efficiency program. Are you still committed to delivering on the upside from that program, or do we sort of somehow miss that as part of this transaction in the next 12 to 18 months? Thank you. Thanks, Chetan. I appreciate your self-described cynical question, and I'll answer your various points. On the existing cost actions, as I said earlier, our functional actions that we committed to, we initially said $150 million of savings, and then we raised it to $175 million. As we explained, all that $175 million is already implemented. You have not seen all of it in the P&L because you have carryover into next year. At the end of 2026, you are going to see the full run rate of that $175 million of cost synergies on the functions. On the industrial side, we said $300 million. See, I am already raising the bar. We said $300 million. We said it was a three-year program, and we said all the actions would be implemented by the end of 2026. We also gave clear milestones of how much of that you'd see in our P&L. It's all in our Q4 presentation. We're committed to those. It's all going to be visible. It's all going to be fully pursued. By the way, the deal closes late 2026, early 2027. By that time, the actions on Akzo's side will be completed, and they'll be measurable. Rest assured that we're fully committed, and we will deliver. Your question on Deco, what we've been doing on Deco in Akzo is that we're the market leader in Europe. We're the market leader in Latin America. We have a mixed bag of businesses in Asia in Deco. We have a few countries in which we have a leadership position, and then we have a bunch of countries in which we're a follower. Deco is fundamentally a local business, which means that you can sell or you can manage these businesses independently from each other. We are fully committed to realizing value from our Deco Asia assets wherever we do not have a leadership position. We have made that commitment. We started delivering on that commitment by selling India for 25 times EBITDA. As I said, the deal is closing in the next couple of weeks. As part of this merger, we have agreed with Axalta that we will continue monetizing these Deco Asia assets between signing and closing. We are not stopping anything. I think it is known by the market that we are in the process of selling Pakistan, and there is more to come. That does not change. That continues. Finally, the synergies are not on Deco, obviously, because the Axalta portfolio does not have any Deco. Therefore, if I had any synergies on Deco, I'd be contradicting myself from earlier on, which is to tell you that this is another cost program at Akzo. This is synergies from combining the operations of AkzoNobel and Axalta. Once again, if you think back to all the stuff that we're doing currently at Akzo, a lot of it actually impacts the Deco side. You're not at risk of seeing the buckets commingled and things get lost in the fray. Did I answer your question, Chetan? Yes, very well. Thank you, Greg. Thank you. The next question is from the line of Ghansham Panjabi with Baird. Please proceed with your questions. Yeah, hi guys. Good morning. Congrats again. I guess on a pro forma basis, how should we think about the portfolio split between end market dynamics that are cyclical versus those that have secular tailwinds associated with them? Obviously, from a public market standpoint, one is worth just much more from a valuation standpoint than the other. Related to that, I would love to hear your individual thoughts on whether you think the auto refinish volume challenges in the industry are secular or cyclical. Chris, you want to take the secular or cyclical question? Sure. Obviously, hey, Ghansham. Thanks for calling in. Obviously, we look at it as cyclical, and we've positioned it as we look at how the year's played out, and especially how we look at Q1 and Q2. We certainly believe the market will return to what we would define as more normal in the refinish space by the end of Q1 into Q2. Specific to us, obviously, there were two issues that were driving our market. One is the normal decline that we saw, or the decline that we saw in the refinish space, driven both by insurance rates and obviously, let's call it consumer preference or consumer confidence. The second one was a specific issue with destocking specific to one of our distributors acquiring another one. Let's call it the consolidation there led to what we saw. We do believe that that destocking element will play out by the end of Q1. On top of that, the other element of this is we certainly are seeing a little bit more market stability. I mean, I think you've seen some recent announcements where you can also see that Q4 is starting to balance out a bit. Again, we do believe that this market will recover specific to refinish. Thanks, Chris. I'll jump in, Ghansham. We're also active in vehicle refinish. We're much smaller than Axalta, but we concur with Chris's and Axalta's view. We're not smart enough to pick the bottom, but frankly, this deal is not about picking the bottom of anything. We're both exposed to the same macros, and we both have the conviction that refinish is going to rebound and is in a cyclical downturn. On that, we're very much aligned. Your question on the portfolio in general, it's a mixed bag. I mean, you've got businesses that are more naturally cyclical, like marine. Shipbuilding has a cyclical element. When you say marine and protective, protective is a lot of infrastructure, which is a lot less cyclical. If you take auto, there's some cyclicality involved. If you take aero, the order books are full for years to come. Whether you believe it's cyclical or not, you're not going to see that cycle in the next five years, probably, especially if you listen to the stuff on the Qatar Air Show today. If you take a business like powder, powder is multiple end markets. There's a liquid-to-powder conversion. It's really not cyclical. Packaging, which is beverage cans, is not very cyclical. Deco, which we talked about earlier, Deco is not very cyclical. Deco is linked to consumer confidence. It breathes in and out based on whether people feel good about their prospects or not. It really has nothing to do with industrial cycles. At the end of the day, when you buy into a coatings business, what you're buying is the end market diversification. You're buying a portfolio of things that may have an element of cyclicality, but that taken together are a lot less volatile because these are not the same cycles. Or some of those businesses like Deco don't really have a cycle. Hopefully that answers your question, Ghansham. Yes, it does. Thank you very much. Thank you. The next question is from the line of Georgina Fraser with Goldman Sachs. Please proceed with your questions. Hi. Thank you for taking my questions. First one for Greg, and it's just a query around interim leadership at Akzo. Is Frederick Weston out of a job? Second question for Chris, you mentioned re-rate potential. Could you talk about what you would see driving that? I'm not seeing any peers trading at a premium, so just wondering what you think would be the driver. Final question for both of you. Timing-wise, it seems like the stars have really aligned for this long-time proposed transaction. Are you sensing that industry consolidation in general is back on the minds of your competitors as well? Thank you. Thanks, Georgina. I'll take the Greg question. Chris will take the Chris question, and then we'll take the timing question together. Your question is, is Frederick Weston out of a job? I mean, Frederick Weston is not in the company yet. He's joining 1st of January. As you can imagine, I let him know ahead of time that this transaction was in discussions. We did that in all confidentiality. He also understood that, understands that were the transaction to happen, were to happen, he wouldn't be the CFO post-closing. All of that is things that he's aware of and has been aware of longer than you guys have for obvious reasons. We still would very much like Frederick to join, but we also understand that he's got questions to ask himself. Our job is to answer those questions and to find the best arrangements to make it work. I do not really have an answer for you. What I can tell you is that I have got Maarten de Vries sitting next to me. I keep saying that Maarten is retiring, which pisses him off because Maarten is very young, 63, and is not looking to stop anytime soon. At least he has all the energy in the world to do that. Maarten also is incredibly loyal and dedicated to Akzo. Regardless of what happens, we have people minding the till, and we will make sure that we have the best Leadership Team for AkzoNobel in this period between signing and closing, which is going to be a period of a lot of activity. Maybe expect him to start. Yes. At this point, as Ben rightly points out, we expect him to start on the 1st of January. Once again, the realization of this deal is from today. Give us a little bit of time to work that out with him. We have our fingers crossed. Chris, you want to take the re-rating question? Sure. Absolutely. Thanks for the question, Georgina. From my perspective, Axalta has three primary end markets. Akzo has about five. The combined company now has seven. If you put it in perspective with our peer set, I think the closest one would be PPG, and we see them trading at obviously a higher multiple than both of us. I do not normally do comparisons with our competitors, but I do believe that we have significant upside from a re-rate potential because the combined company, not only from a revenue perspective, but an enterprise value perspective of getting, I believe we can get on the S&P 500, the margin profile is significantly higher than most of our peers. The fact that we have $3.3 billion of EBITDA and $1.5 billion of free cash flow, I think all of that strength gives us an incredible opportunity to be able to re-rate to the right spot. I believe there is upside on the re-rate potential for us. Thanks, Chris. The consolidation question, Georgina. Look, the market was closed for a while. Until sometime last year, the debt market was closed, and then the debt market reopened. The world was a complicated place, conflicts in different places, then the tariffs. I think it made everybody really cautious. Also, you have to keep in mind that this is an industry where you take all the top companies, Sherwin, PPG, Akzo, Axalta, I could list a few others. There is not a single CEO that has been in the job for more than three years. I am actually the elder statesman, if you can believe that, of the people that have listed. The combination of the market turmoil, the closed debt market, and new CEOs finding their marks, I think put consolidation on hold for a while. You saw recently the BASF Coating deal. Now, you could say, well, there were no trade buyers, but that was a complicated portfolio for a trade buyer. Now, Chris and I are talking to you today about consolidation. I'm pretty sure from the vibes I pick up from industry discussions that there are people asking themselves questions too. At the end of the day, the coatings market is still fragmented, and there's value to scale. This industry would benefit from further consolidation. At the end of the day, Chris and I are doing our part. Everything else is somebody else's question to answer. Chris, you want to add anything? Yeah. I love the example, Greg, of using BASF. And Georgina, if we were to use from our perspective, the multiple that we believe that deal went through on, as well as the synergy potential of that deal and the margin, we believe we have incremental upside and a great potential in the deal that we are here announcing today. Chris, if you believe, as I do, that Carlyle is a shrewd investor and you know that they paid, what, 12 times EBITDA for BASF Coatings, I'm getting a hell of a deal. I don't want you to start renegotiating. It's not too late. No. Thank you. The last question is from the line of Aleksey Yefremov with KeyBanc Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question. Thanks. Good morning, everyone. This is Ryan Weishaus subbing in for Aleksey this morning. Congratulations on the announcement. Just two questions from me. I guess the first one would just kind of be on the margin profile of the two businesses. If I think about Akzo, historically, EBITDA margins are pretty far below where Axalta has been. When you kind of include the synergies, we're talking about something in the 20% range. Just when I think about where the synergies will be driven between the two businesses of Deco and Performance Coatings, wondering if maybe one has more opportunity than the other. Secondly, just on refinish, I was hoping maybe you could talk about where some of the overlaps are between Axalta and Akzo. Maybe just does Akzo play more in mainstream premium economy segments kind of of the refinish market? Thank you very much. Thanks, Ryan. I'll say a word on refinish. The overlaps, we're both active. Axalta is a much bigger business than refinish. I think it's premature for us to talk about where things overlap and where they don't because we're in the process of getting ready for regulatory filing. Let us handle all that diligently before we start answering those questions. If Chris wants to add anything to this, he'll do that after I tackle your synergy question. The margin profile of Akzo, Akzo and Axalta are not in the same businesses. I mean, we have some overlaps, but there's a weighted average dimension to this. Vehicle refinish is a very profitable business. I'm not going to give you the profitability profile of all the businesses individually, but we as Akzo have a margin commitment of north of 16% EBITDA, I'm sorry, by 2027. We're ramping up in terms of value extraction from these businesses. The synergies between Axalta—Axalta, maybe I'm picking a new name—Axalta and Akzo are on top of that. Clearly, the synergies are on the coating side. Deco doesn't really benefit from this transaction at all. Did I answer your question, Ryan? Yeah, did I answer your question? Yes. Thank you. Chris, do you want to answer the VR question in a more legalistic way than I did? I do not think this is something we should tackle now, but have a go. No, I completely agree. I think certainly we're filing in many jurisdictions, and we need to see how that plays out. All right. Next question. Next question is from the line of John Roberts with Mizuho. Please proceed with your questions. Thank you. Axalta was speculated to have had discussions with Nippon; PPG tried to acquire Akzo. Even Berlin doesn't really have any trust there with Akzo. How widely did you explore other combinations to both companies? did not. We have known for a long time that AkzoNobel and Axalta are a really good fit. The first time that was tried was 2017. Hopefully, this is the last time because we will get it across the finish line. I can guarantee you, although I will not give you the exact dates, that there were multiple other attempts in between. The industrial logic has always been very clear, I think, certainly to both companies, but also to most observers. We were not shopping the business around. We were really trying to build something stronger for the future. I think we are doing that. Is your question an interloper question, or what is your question exactly, John? No, we could have created two large leaders here, I guess, through different combinations that might have occurred out there. Yeah. I mean, I'll answer the PPG question because you've asked it. I wasn't around at the time, but PPG and AkzoNobel, it's pretty massive overlap socially and regulatory. From From a social and regulatory perspective, really complicated. The logic of 2017 hasn't really changed. It doesn't mean that it couldn't work, but it means that it's a much heavier lifting than what we're trying to do today. Today, we have a clear path to value creation. I think this clear path has a lot of value in a world where there's a lot of macro uncertainty. I think it's exciting to have two businesses that come together and that tell you we're going to deliver pretty much $6 billion of value through synergies over the next three years. Come Rain or Shine. Chris, you want to add anything or talk about Nippon? No, I think similar to you, obviously, I wasn't here when that happened. I think coming in, and much like Greg and I, both of us looked at our plan of what we could do standalone with our companies. We probably looked at what other opportunities were there to really drive value and create value for our shareholders and our stakeholders. As I said previously, I believe that there is no better platform. I think these portfolios were always meant to be together. They're absolutely complementary, and they create a powerhouse. It just made sense for both of us to get back together at this. Okay. Congrats to you both. I think this is the last question. Yes. This concludes our Q&A session. So please go ahead. If you'll allow me, I'll wrap up quickly. This is an exciting day for both AkzoNobel and Axalta. As you can tell from this conference call, it's a really fluid discussion between the two teams. We've worked a lot together on this. Our predecessors have also worked on it. This has been a long time coming. We think this is exciting for all stakeholders, particularly shareholders. We believe in the mechanical value creation of the synergies, and we believe we can get this across the finish line by the end of 2026 to early 2027. It's a unique opportunity for our companies. Once again, we were able to put this together because both companies felt good about where they were. Both companies felt that they had further upside. A no-premium merger is hard to pull off, but we feel we've got the components in place, including the $2.5 billion special dividend for those of you who forgot to plug it into your model, you know who you are. This is an exciting time. We hope you share our excitement, and we look forward to spending more time socializing this opportunity with you over the next few months, knowing that there's going to be a shareholder vote on both sides that's going to come towards the middle of the year. On those words, thanks again. Thank you for your time, and we'll talk to you soon. Thank you. This will conclude today's conference. We disconnect your lines at this time. We thank you for your participation.