Welcome everyone to today's presentation, Scaling Up the Green Hydrogen Economy. I'm going to introduce our two speakers today. Our speakers are: There we are. Our two speakers today are David Fernandez and Dr. Vikas Dhole. David Fernandez is the Director of Hydrogen Strategy and Partnerships at Microsoft's Cloud Operations and Innovation Division. David's team is tasked with developing technology solutions for the next generation of Microsoft Cloud infrastructure. Microsoft has been developing hydrogen solutions for its own decarbonization efforts, in addition to working with technology partners to support digital solutions, to empower its customers to adopt hydrogen in their operations and drive the energy transition. Prior to joining Microsoft, David worked in hydrogen energy business development for Air Liquide, and holds a Bachelor of Business Administration from the University of Houston. Our other speaker is Dr. Vikas Dhole. He's the General Manager of Sustainability Industry Business Unit at Aspen Technology. In this role, he's responsible for AspenTech's portfolio-wide sustainability solution strategy and co-innovation and collaboration with customers and partners to deliver innovation and sustainability solutions to the marketplace. Prior to AspenTech, or prior to this role, rather, Vikas was responsible for product management of AspenTech's performance engineering solution. Throughout his career, Vikas has championed innovative technology and software solutions in the areas of sustainability, pros, process design, energy management, process and asset optimization for operations. Vikas has a Bachelor of Technology degree in Chemical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in Mumbai, India, and a PhD in Process Integration from the University of Manchester in the U.K. Now let me turn it over to David. Thanks a lot, Carol, for that introduction. Also, thank you to AspenTech for inviting Microsoft to participate in this event. We really do appreciate the partnership. Just to maybe set the stage and frame the discussion a little bit, we wanted to show this slide, showing all the different complexities of the hydrogen economy. For those of you that have been working in this industry for many years, and for those of you that are joining the industry, you may see that there's a lot of different ways that companies can potentially use hydrogen from the production side as well to the end use application side. There's a lot of complexity within this industry today as well. For Microsoft, we are specifically looking at how do we leverage hydrogen as a means to decarbonize our distributed power that we have at our data centers today. If we transition to the next slide, we show you that we have been working for the last several years on decarbonizing our operations. We've made commitments to be carbon negative by 2030, remove historical carbon from our operations by 2050, as well as eliminate our dependency on diesel fuel by 2030. Diesel fuel really speaks to scope one emissions at Microsoft, at our data centers, we've been working for the last several years on ways to decarbonize our backup power through the use of hydrogen. If we go to the next slide, we've developed a couple of different concepts around how we could actually leverage hydrogen in our data center operations. If you can see in this slide here, there's a lot of different ways that we could potentially leverage hydrogen from producing hydrogen on-site at our data centers through electrolysis to also having hydrogen delivered in and stored at our data centers for producing backup power. When we started on this concept a couple of years ago, what we found is really weren't any software solutions or digital solutions to help us in creating these models and creating siting models and being able to create sizing models around how we would potentially leverage hydrogen and adopt it into our operations. If we go to the next slide, we are very excited to partner with AspenTech and other companies in launching some new hydrogen solutions that we were able to showcase during CERAWeek back in March in 2023, when we launched our Energy Transition Center of Excellence in Houston. We're excited to work with AspenTech and partners in this industry to help bring new digital hydrogen solutions to the marketplace, in order to help our customers in the broader industry be able to adopt hydrogen use and really drive the energy transition. I'll pass it over to Vikas to go into a little bit more depth on the AspenTech solution and how the two companies are working together to push the green hydrogen economy development. Great. Thank you, David. Great to participate in this joint session with Microsoft. Really, over the next 30 minutes or so, we'll walk through some of the salient elements of the green hydrogen solution overview with you, which was showcased at the Energy Transition Center that Microsoft introduced during CERAWeek. At a higher level, the green hydrogen solution is challenged with a number of issues. First of all, it's the scaling up, accelerating design, deployment of green hydrogen solution through transportation as well as supply chain. Significant amount of CapEx as well as OpEx that is tied with these type of initiatives and projects. Our key is really how can we help from a digital perspective, combining strength of AspenTech, Microsoft together with Amazon, to help the industry scaling this entire solution rapidly, as well as address the economic challenges and safety challenges, as the industry is implementing these solutions. Hydrogen economy is one of the key elements of AspenTech's portfolio of sustainability pathway solutions. On the left-hand side, you see more mature solutions like energy efficiency, emissions management, electrification. In the middle, in green, you see a rapidly emerging solution, such as hydrogen economy, bio-based feedstocks, carbon capture storage, and so on. On the extreme right, you see some of the newer initiatives that are being invested upon very strongly through R&D initiatives like plastic circularity and using CO2 as a feedstock. We'll focus on hydrogen economy digital solution today. The context to it is worldwide. In order for us to globally achieve net zero target, hydrogen economy will contribute up to 20% of abatement, and about 22% of the overall energy demand will be provided through the hydrogen economy by 2050. This is based on the reports from McKinsey as part of their Hydrogen Council engagement and publication. On the right-hand side, you see significant number of investment that is happening on hydrogen projects worldwide. 930 total projects being announced, 47 of them giga scale, and this is rapidly rising across the globe. Majority of them are in the planning phase of feasibility stage, and majority of them are pertaining to green hydrogen. It's expected that the hydrogen production globally will increase sevenfold in order to achieve the net zero target, and there's tremendous excitement and investment happening across the globe. With that context, really, the key challenges are improving time to market, scaling up of these projects and opportunities, operating with good economics, and then also innovating quickly. This is where the digital solutions are very critical in terms of helping both owner-operators, EPCs, and technology companies to rapidly evolve and create opportunities. With hydrogen economy, the interesting thing is it allows and enables sector coupling from renewable power on one side to serving traditional verticals like refining and chemicals, as well as serving newer verticals, which are hard-to-abate industries, such as steel, and iron making and cement. It really creates new transformative opportunities for the entire industry. Through digital engagement and implementation, our customers can accelerate the techno-economic analysis, optimize design, as well as operations, both at the system-wide level as well as at the equipment level, and maximize uptime and safety and reliability of the entire asset. There's a number of solution elements of our joint solution with Microsoft as well as with Emerson. It starts the journey with early research and development of hydrogen innovation in terms of concept of electrolyzers, for example, the configuration and selection of the right technology. Then utilizing that as a way to optimize their entire system performance from economic perspective, from availability and load factor perspective. Then combining the inputs from both of these into a front-end design, including cost estimation, equipment design, as well as design deliverables that could be provided by an EPC or a licensor to the owner-operator in collaboration with them. As you are progressing the design, the results of the design could be utilized to accelerate the operations, process in terms of startup, commissioning help, as well as creating a seed model for optimization through advanced process control. One of the key elements of hydrogen economy is the use of renewable power. Renewable power, as you know, has intermittent nature because of dependency on wind and solar. In many parts of the world, this type of capability is integrated with microgrid and digital grid operation to increase the availability and economics of the entire system. That becomes a very important factor. Many of these green hydrogen facilities are incorporated in existing value chain, whether that's a fuel value chain or a chemicals value chain. How do you locate these, how do you size these, how do you transport hydrogen, become important challenges for owner-operators as well as the technology companies. How do you transport hydrogen in a safe way? What are the different alternative carriers? Should we go for the ammonia option? How do you do that safely, and how do you manage the entire system? Finally, how can we use hydrogen as part of the fuel cell operation to drive various initiatives in multiple parts of the world through serving the locomotive needs, large locomotive needs? Our entire solution is powered by Microsoft Azure to help our customers achieve the next level of agility and acceleration in their solutions. We have solutions for each one of the phases. We'll walk through each one of them, step by step. We'll open up for any questions or comments from you. To start with the research and development end, which really is strongly influenced by our market-leading simulations flagship software such as Aspen HYSYS, Aspen Plus, and their respective product families. Followed by de-risking of the entire hydrogen system through system-level modeling through our Fidelis solution, followed by a front-end concurrent engineering solution of performance engineering, served by advanced process control, operator training, simulation, dynamic optimization. In terms of microgrid integration and integration with digital power, our Open Systems International solution that we recently acquired from Emerson as part of our transaction. Our traditional value chain optimization solution, powered by ops, production planning, as well as supply chain management. Our Continua solution that helps our customers manage the pipeline operation, leakage detection, and so on, followed by the fuel cell modeling and optimization solution for our end customers. Our main value proposition is threefold. Number one, improving economics, because there's significant amount of capital and operating costs that is locked up here. By enabling our customers to do system-level optimization together with individual unit-level optimization, we believe we can help our customers to significantly improve the economics through minimizing CapEx as well as OpEx. Secondly, utilizing the digital models across the life cycle, reusing models, for example, from designing to operations, accelerating the scaling up and maturity of the entire solution. Thirdly, ensuring safety, through rigorous implementation of physical properties and modeling to ensure that we are not crossing any boundaries from safety and operability perspective, but also increasing the overall availability of the asset along this journey. We have had significant track record in terms of serving our customer needs, in the hydrogen economy area. Clearly, hydrogen is not new. In refining, hydrogen has been used for decades, and we've had opportunity to serve our customers, such as Cepsa, in terms of utilization of hydrogen in existing assets, driving their efficiency improvement, improving profitability, as well as reducing CO2 at the same time. With Tüpraş, driving that through CapEx, optimizing CapEx investment to increase hydrogen yield in their assets. With Air Products, helping them through digital twin of their assets to serve multiple customers in the Gulf Coast area and improving efficiency of their entire hydrogen fleet. More recently, in the green hydrogen area, helping the Humber Refinery project of P66, as well as the GigaStack consortium, to optimally and efficiently design the entire front end, particularly on the layout side. Collaborating with ACME, A-C-M-E, which is one of the leading licensors of green hydrogen and green ammonia technology, who are utilizing our solution to accelerate time to market. Jointly with Emerson, who bring in tremendous expertise in real-life implementation, such as the implementation of the largest PEM electrolysis plant in Canada, which is implemented by Air Liquide. Combining our strength with Emerson's, we provide a much more holistic solution powered by Microsoft. I would like to steadily walk through the entire solution, providing you specifics of the value creation opportunities along this digitalization journey through hydrogen economy pathway. Let's start with research and development, design and scale-up, and system-level optimization. During this phase, we have number of facets of our solution that can help our customers accelerate the digitalization, as well as improvement and optimization of the entire hydrogen economy solution. Number one, through modeling of the process simulation of the electrolyzer process, powered by rigorous electrochemical properties as well as the equipment models. That is followed by system-level optimization that minimizes the risk of the entire solution, looking into the entire system, right from renewable power, hydrogen demand and supply, storage, as well as different distribution options such as ammonia. Optimizing the front-end design, including capital cost estimation, design deliverables, as well as optimizing the layout at a conceptual level. This whole system, from an owner-operator perspective, minimizes the cost, creates a CapEx improvement opportunity of 10%-15% for the entire project, but also from an EPC perspective, allows our EPC customers to drive efficiency and being able to deal with multiple front-end engineering design projects simultaneously through efficient execution of these projects. Let's just walk through a quick demonstration of this solution. Within HYSYS and Aspen Plus, our fact sheet simulation products, we have incorporated standard models for electrolyzers. This is similar to a distillation column model, for example, in terms of rigor. It allows our customers to optimize membranes and electrodes and so on, their configuration, and pre-optimize the performance of the electrolysis operation, look at different trade-offs, such as hydrogen production versus electrolyzer efficiency, and optimize from a peak efficiency perspective, optimize the alkaline concentration. We have steady-state model as well as dynamic models. Through the dynamic model, you will see here connecting the renewable power generation here from wind turbine to hydrogen electrolysis production. As you bring in more wind power, the hydrogen production goes up. As the wind power is gearing up and changing the gears, you can have a temporary blip here in the hydrogen production, because this is a dynamic model. Really, the dynamic model helps explain the optimization of this investment decision. Moving into system-level model with our Fidelis solution, you can look into renewable power source, green hydrogen storage, as well as the distribution option. Here, you're looking at life cycle economics, and more importantly, availability of the entire asset, in terms of capacity and probability. Most importantly, identifying the bottleneck, which is compressor in this particular case. Having three compressors in parallel removes that bottlenecks, increase the utilization and availability of the entire asset, as the bar charts are moving to the right, and now electrolyzer is the next bottleneck. You can sequentially debottleneck the entire system, to increase availability and improve the overall economics of the project. Translating the results from process simulation into front-end design, such as plant layout, optimizing the layout in terms of constructability, operability, safety, and sustainability of the entire implementation. We have AI incorporated in our plant layout solution that automatically lays out the pipelines as well as cables to help accelerate this journey whilst ensuring optimum solution and also safer solution. Once you have completed the front-end conceptual design as well as front-end design, you're now moving into operations. The strategy here is to reuse a lot of the digital sources that have been produced during the design phase to kickstart the operations phase in terms of operator training simulation as well as optimization. There's various facets in terms of the digital journey. We can reuse the models that have been developed for the electrolyzer as well as the system to start creating operator training through the dynamic models. The operator training system allows the operators to be trained to accelerate the commissioning and the startup process, as well as to look at the various safety scenarios way ahead of the operations being started. You can also utilize the models as a seed model for advanced process control because there's no operating data of this system available. The model itself, the seed model, can create and kickstart creation of advanced process control, which can then be put into operation as the asset comes into operation. Then the digital twin that could be created from the design phase can be tuned to actual operation to understand different challenges and improve the operating performance for the various collaborative teams that are working to improve the performance of the asset. These are all the facets from an operations perspective that can be kickstarted in parallel as the design is progressing. This is what gives the acceleration, and speed, and maturity for the overall journey. After you've developed the initial operation strategy and start to implement the operational optimization, in parallel, you also need to work out your strategy in terms of renewable power integration. One of the key challenges, is the variability of the renewable power, due to dependency on weather. In many parts of the world, the renewable power is being integrated into the microgrid operation together with digital grid management, so that you improve the overall availability and reliability and the profitability of the assets. Now, AspenTech have acquired Open Systems International, our Digital Grid Management solution, as part of our transaction with Emerson last year, and this is a critical piece in the overall solution for hydrogen economy. I would like to demonstrate our Open Systems International solution very briefly to give you a perspective in terms of its capabilities. It's used for large-scale digital grid management, but also can be used for microgrid operation. The green bubbles show the power generation, the purple bubble shows power consumption. You can incorporate renewable power as an integral part of this overall grid management solution. What you see here is various connectivities between the generation sites as well as the consumption sites, and it's a large-scale digital grid management solution that's been implemented in many parts of the world. Hydrogen economy solution can be perfectly integrated here. You can look at various generating possibilities, such as solar, and monitor and manage the solar power generation. You can also look into wind power in the same way, and look at standard as well as normal and abnormal operation, and being able to troubleshoot these operations from the perspective of making the utilization at the maximum level. Alarms could be integrated in terms of certain facets of these facilities are not working well. The next important part is: How do you predict and forecast in this whole system the potential for power generation, taking into account the weather data for the next 30 to 35 days, so that you can reliably, through integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning into our OSI system, to predict how much power could be generated? This is important from a planning perspective, because then you can balance the renewable power generation against the demands and supplies from the hydrogen economy side, in terms of the consumption and storage, as well as the digital grid power that you need to balance the overall system in a reliable way, whilst also optimizing the economic performance of the entire hydrogen economy system. The next area of consideration is: How do you optimize the strategy of incorporating green hydrogen or blue hydrogen facility in the entire fuel value chain? Here, we have really an established solution that our customers have been using in the energy industry through production planning as well as our supply chain solution, which has been used every day as well as on a strategic level by our customers. In this system, we can now incorporate various elements of location for the green hydrogen facility, sizes of the green hydrogen facility, various transport options that you can incorporate in this overall multi-site planning as well as supply chain solution to optimize the location, both from a CapEx and OpEx perspective, so that our energy and chemical customers can get the most out of their investment in the hydrogen economy solution. The next area for digital management is pipeline and storage as well as transportation options. This is an area of critical importance for hydrogen economy because there are significant safety risks as you're dealing with hydrogen, high pressures, low temperatures. There's various aspects of ortho and para generation and the properties associated with that, and we've invested significant amount of R&D dollars in helping our customers to accurately predict the performance, from cryogenic modeling, as well as predicting the ortho and para behavior. From a system-level risk analysis as well, we can look at the entire system performance and identify potential risks, during operation as well as the operation over the certain life cycles of the asset. Lastly, we have a software which comes as part of our Open Systems International product family, to monitor the pipeline health, from an operational perspective, such as leak detection, such as any upsets in operation, and enabling really reuse of existing pipeline infrastructure that you may have, for such as natural gas pipeline, to utilize for these purposes. We're happy to collaborate with you and work with you to help you, looking at all of these different options in terms of storage, transport, as well as the entire network operation. Lastly, how can we leverage hydrogen economy and green hydrogen for locomotive end use through fuel cells? This is an area that we have been collaborating with our customers over the last two decades. A number of companies, for example, in Japan, have been utilizing our simulation modeling capability to optimally design and operate fuel cells for the end-use locomotive operations. We are really building on that track record here and collaborating with number of customers now even beyond the automotive industry, to look into various options for large locomotives. Great opportunity for us to really serve your needs in this area. With that, I would like to summarize our overall solutions right from the research and development phase, starting with process simulation, then moving into system-level optimization that looks into strategic alternatives in terms of carrier fluids, in terms of going for ammonia or other options, looking at sizes of storage, looking into weather patterns, way ahead of time, so that you get the most out of the investments that you're making at an earlier phase, during feasibility stage. Optimizing the front-end design, translating the initial results from process simulation as well as from the system-level optimization, to construct the design, equipment design, the system-level design, layout, cost estimation, and so on, to really realize those benefits from a front-end design perspective. In parallel, kickstarting the operations modeling and optimization, such as operator training simulation, to accelerate the commissioning as well as improving safety during that phase, and secondly, kickstarting the advanced process control for these assets. We recognize that renewable power in many parts of the world needs to be integrated into the microgrid capability as well as the digital grid management, and for that, we have a capability through AspenTech Digital Grid Management solution, originally called Open Systems International, OSI. Our capabilities in planning, multi-plan planning, scheduling, as well as supply chain operations for fuel value chain, is incredibly important in terms of helping our customers to do strategic planning for the green hydrogen and blue hydrogen facilities throughout their assets. Lastly, operating and management of operation of pipeline and also developing strategy around hydrogen versus ammonia. Looking into the behavior of physical properties of these compounds is gonna be important, and we serve that through our process simulation software, as well as through pipeline monitoring software to continue. Finally, in fuel cells, we really rely, building on our track record of serving the needs of automotive industries over the last several years to provide reliable solutions in that area. To summarize, our value proposition is to help you improve the economics, particularly during the pre-feasibility, feasibility, and early design stage, which is where you can have the greatest impact on the overall system performance. Helping you scale up rapidly, reusing the models and digital information throughout the life cycle, ensuring safety, availability, and reliability of the entire project and the initiative that you have with green hydrogen. This is a new and rapidly emerging area. No single company has all the answers, and we are looking forward to collaborating with you, innovating with you, so that together, we can provide better solutions for tomorrow for a sustainable world. We truly appreciate our partnership with Microsoft for providing really the foundation of Microsoft Azure, as well as various technologies to help our solution, and also partnering with Amazon. With that, I would like to hand over to Carol. Thank you so much, Vikas. Before we get to the Q&A, let me just tell everyone that if you'd like more information, we've got a QR code here on the screen. We will also make these slides available to everyone on the call today, in addition to sending you a copy of the recording within 24 to 48 hours of this live webinar. We have a couple links, both take you to the same place. aspentech.com/microsoft takes you to our page with a lot of additional information about how AspenTech and Microsoft are working together. The tiny URL takes you to AT Microsoft, which has additional assets specific to green hydrogen on them. Now let's see. We've got some questions here. I can jump in, or Vikas, David, feel free to jump in yourself and take a look at the questions and jump in with some answers. One question we have is: Is there a course available which provides detailed training on how to use these different tools? Yes, we have. I'll actually continue to say, maybe if you can read out the questions, I'll prefer it that way. All right. Yeah, we do. Why don't we just leave the, for the more information, graphic, just up on the screen itself? Okay, I'll do that. Great. Thank you, Carol. Thank you. Yeah, we do have training courses. In fact, one of the, you know, solutions that we have recently launched is the entire technical program along the sustainability pathways, which is of modular nature, to help, particularly the new generation of engineers, to pick up the expertise in various pathways. For hydrogen, we do have training courses on electrolyzer modeling, for example, as well as out-of-the-box sustainability models that you can download and use them as a starting point for your internal efforts. Each one of the models is accompanied by description of the basis, the specifics, and the assumptions behind the model, so you can take advantage of this. For all of our customers, you can go to our website, and then through that website, log into those models and then download those models. If you have a customer support username, password, you can also leverage that. The training materials and courses are available. Our training team can work with you to develop a program for hydrogen economy for your company. Great. David, do you want to expand on that with any materials that Microsoft might have? Carol, we'd be able to connect directly into AspenTech and some of our other partners on these type of solutions, but these are really our partner-driven solutions, I would say, hosted on Microsoft Azure. Okay, great. Vikas, I think the next question, let's see, is on Aspen HYSYS. Mm-hmm. Do you wanna take that or you want me to read that to you? Yeah, please read. I cannot see because I've got this slide on, so why don't you read it out and then I'll just. Okay. Thank you. Is there any fluid package added to Aspen HYSYS for specific hydrogen services for process simulation modeling? Yes, in fact, we have added capabilities in the accurate prediction of ortho and para hydrogen, for example, more recently. That can help our customers to more accurately estimate, you know, impact of low temperatures, high pressures, and so on. Of course, it's a journey, but we are continuously improving it. Our customer support team will be able to provide more explanation on this. Okay. for the electrolyzer- Yeah. Are there new miscellaneous equipment units? We do have alkaline electrolyzer models, as well as wind and solar models in our process simulation software. We are working on the PEM electrolyzer model very actively with the collaboration with our customers. Yeah, we're continuously improving our models in this area, to help our customers reliably optimize the electrolyzer operation earlier during conceptual phase. Okay. Thank you. Let's see, what else do we have here? Does digital microgrid management models suggest, based on geological scenario, which type of renewable... Wait a minute here. Sorry, new questions are coming in. It's being pushed down. Which type of renewable power generation, that can be newly installed based on, hydrogen generation capacity in a particular area? Yeah, yeah. I think basically we have capabilities both at the system level modeling through Fidelis, to take into account the weather effects of that region over the next several weeks and so on. Within our Digital Grid Management solution, we can predict the weather effects up to 35 days, and depending on, you know, the climate condition or weather conditions, it can help us understand whether wind or solar, which one would be dominating. That can help in terms of selection of the strategy for renewable power, or at least an input into the overall strategy, whilst there are other elements as well that are very important from that perspective. We can help. by no means we, you know, we can completely determine the choice between the two, but all of these inputs through our Digital Grid Management, as well our system-level optimization, would be helpful for our customers. Thank you. Is there a renewable energy supply feature in the model? Is there a cost of energy feature, renewable versus grid, or peak versus off-peak? Yes. Within our Digital Grid Management, we do have the capability to look into the economics of operation, taking into account the daily electrical electricity prices, helping design the appropriate composition of renewable versus the digital grid power. That's inherent capability in our microgrid operations within the Open Systems International Digital Grid Management solution. Okay. Thank you. Can you share how underground storage of hydrogen is integrated to improve the storage aspect of the tool? Right. We have a solution called Subsurface Science & Engineering that was also acquired as part of our transaction with Emerson. This provides geological as well as geophysical capabilities to identify the right storage characteristics from a strategy perspective, as well as monitor. Our customers are increasingly using our Subsurface Science & Engineering capability for CO2 storage, for example, and some of them are also looking into hydrogen storage. That's an area of active, you know, interest and solution by AspenTech, and we can help you explain what capabilities we have and what are the opportunities we can support you with. Is there an option to capture the CO2 from gas turbine flue gas, in any AspenTech solutions? Absolutely. Within our, you know, flagship simulation products, both HYSYS as well as Aspen Plus, we have a number of carbon capture options that include amines-based carbon capture solution, which is more popular to predict, you know, what portion of that flue gas coming out of the turbine can be separated as CO2. What is the efficiency? What will be the CapEx, OpEx? You can optimize the configuration of that system, design, develop a front-end design for that system. Yeah, we have capabilities in that area. In fact, there's a number of other recorded webinars that are already available in our carbon capture system-level modeling optimization. Okay, let's see. Could you please suggest a thermodynamic model in Aspen solutions to model hydrogen and water, including solid aluminum? Okay. I must confess, I'm not a thermodynamics expert. I can tell you that AspenTech is a leader in process simulation by a significant margin. One of the key reasons of our leadership is the investment we've made in physical properties over the last 40 years, including our collaboration with NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology, as well as various other providers. We have the largest data bank of chemical compounds, interaction parameters, electrochemical properties. I cannot specifically answer this question, but if there's a company who can help you from a simulation modeling perspective, it would be AspenTech, and our customer support team members would be able to help with this specific inquiry. Great. I think I've got one last question here for you. Again, it's going to Vikas, but David, jump in. Do you have any modeling scenarios for using battery banks in between renewable generation and alkaline electrolyzers in electrolysis in order to smooth out the electricity supply? Right. The question may be about battery storage and modeling of that storage capability. We do have certain capabilities. We are continuously improving those. Yeah, we certainly, this may be something we can, you know, explain to you exactly where we are and what we can do to improve it further. Any final words for our audience today before we wrap, Vikas, David? Yeah, I mean, I think from my perspective, it's been a tremendous opportunity to connect with you, to share the solutions that we have for the hydrogen economy, in particular, green hydrogen, which is a rapidly evolving area. Throughout the world, there's a significant investment that's happening. Many companies are working together, collaborating, and we are really blessed with tremendous collaboration with our partners, such as Microsoft and Emerson and others. As well as collaborating with our customers in implementing many projects. We're learning a lot from the conceptual design projects and feasibility projects, through system level optimization, through early conceptual optimization. We're constantly bringing that expertise and experience into the fold so that we can serve more and more customers, and to really make, our world a better place and, more environmentally friendly through hydrogen economy. Thank you very much for your participation, and we would love to collaborate with you through our field teams as well. David? Yeah, Vikas, thank you. I would just, you know, echo Vikas' thoughts here and say thank you for the partnership between Microsoft and AspenTech. As you can imagine, we have quite a few customers in the energy and power utility space that are either producing hydrogen today or looking to produce hydrogen in the future. We have a lot of customers that are also looking at how to use hydrogen as well. It's really great to see these type of customizable solutions being developed by companies like AspenTech to really help our customers enable their use of hydrogen, really help drive the overall energy transition. We know that hydrogen is one piece to the transition, we do believe that it is an important piece, and it will help drive decarbonization for decades to come. We're really excited to continue to work with you all on this effort and really help our customers drive their projects and drive this very big challenge that we have around the energy transition. Thank you for everyone's time today. Really appreciate it, and we're happy to discuss any of these ideas in more detail with you. Thank you. All right. Thank you, everyone, for your time and attention. This concludes today's webinar. Thank you.