Good day and thank you for standing by. Welcome to BrightSpring Health Services Incorporated's fourth quarter and full year 2023 earnings call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there'll be a question-and-answer session. To ask a question during the session, you will need to press star one, one on your telephone. You will then hear an automated message advising your hand is raised. To explore your question, please press star one, one again. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. We will be turning the call over to BrightSpring Health Services' Chief Accounting Officer, Jennifer Phipps. Please go ahead. Good morning and welcome to the BrightSpring Health Services earnings call for the quarter and year-ended 31 December 2023. My name is Jen Phipps, and I am the Chief Accounting Officer at BrightSpring. I am joined on today's call by Jon Rousseau, Chief Executive Officer, and Jim Mattingly, Chief Financial Officer. After discussing BrightSpring's fourth quarter and full year 2023 results, as well as our 2024 outlook and long-term financial targets, we will open the call for questions. In the investor relations section of our website, you will find our earnings press release and slide presentation to accompany today's discussion. Please note that today's discussion will include certain forward-looking statements that reflect our current assumptions and expectations, including those related to our future financial performance and industry and market conditions. Such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations. We encourage you to review the information in today's press release and presentation, as well as in our annual report on Form 10-K that will be filed with the SEC regarding specific risks and uncertainties. Such factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC, and we do not undertake any duty to update any forward-looking statements except as required by law. During the call, we will use non-GAAP financial measures when talking about the company's performance and financial condition. You can find additional information on these non-GAAP measures and reconciliations of our non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures to the extent available without unreasonable effort in today's earnings press release and presentation, which again are available on our investor relations website. Additionally, to more appropriately describe business performance, the results and growth rates mentioned during these prepared remarks and in the investor, slides posted to our website exclude the results of our other segment, which is the Equus Workforce Solutions business that was divested in fourth quarter 2022. This webcast is being recorded and will be available for replay on our investor relations website. With that, I will turn the call over to Jon Rousseau, Chief Executive Officer. Thanks, Jen. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us today, and I'd like to begin by thanking all of our dedicated and professional employees across the country who drive our mission of making a difference in people's lives and communities every day. I would also like to welcome and thank our new public company investors. We look forward to continuing our partnership with you. As a reminder, BrightSpring delivers pharmacy and provider health solutions to complex patients in home and community settings. We believe that our complementary and coordinated portfolio of services delivers enhanced clinical outcomes in patient-preferred settings and at a reduced total cost of care. We do this at scale, serving approximately 400,000 people a day across our company. Chronic, higher-cost, and higher-need patients, referred to as complex, constitute 5% of the population but 50% of the spending in US healthcare. These individuals require multiple services over time, better coordinated care, and more person-centered care. Our solution for these patients is to not only provide services in lower-cost preferred home and community settings but also to do so with a differentiated care model that consists of three key pillars, including our pharmacy services, provider services, and home-based primary care. In our pharmacy segment, we provide leading infusion and specialty pharmacy and home and community pharmacy. These are our three pharmacy markets. We believe infusion to be a very attractive market given the localized and demanding nature of infusion services required to be successful in this market, continued growth potential from new therapeutics in the future, and market share opportunity. Infusion is also better positioned with customers and has sales synergies when complemented with broader specialty pharmacy capabilities such as ours. Our oral and injectable specialty pharmacy is one of the two largest independent oncology pharmacies in the US Oncology is defined by limited distribution drug pharmacy networks that are based on quality, such as our 93 Net Promoter Score, biopharma trust and relationships, and partnership with thousands of prescribers across the country. Oncology is the largest category within the specialty pharmacy industry and growing at approximately 15% annually. In home and community pharmacy, which is referred to as closed-door pharmacy, we serve more acute customer and patient pharmacy needs in the home and across a myriad of attractive community settings by going directly to people anywhere they reside, 24/7. Our network of over 185 pharmacies allows us to be at any door across the US within a few hours with customized, local pharmacy services and clinical programs. We believe the dynamics of these three specific pharmacy assets and markets are attractive, where service levels and quality, local and same-day delivery capability, scale, and volume growth are critical success factors. Our pharmacy segment has more than doubled over the past five years and in 2023 generated $6.5 billion of revenue and $371 million of Adjusted EBITDA. However, our pharmacy services also do not exist in isolation. They leverage enterprise best practices and infrastructure and benefit from our company's scale and contracting, and they are synergistic with our provider services and home-based primary care. Every one of our provider patients has a significant medication regimen and medication management need, and we provide the majority of the pharmacy services for our provider patients today. Our ContinueCare Rx program, which combines in-home medication management alongside home healthcare, has driven a 73% reduction in hospitalization. The power of this clinical synergy between pharmacy and provider services for patients in the home was documented in a peer-reviewed study published by JAMDA last November. In our provider segment, similar to pharmacy, we are serving large and growing markets consisting of critical services delivered to homes, senior living, and skilled nursing settings to improve healthcare outcomes and costs. With home-based primary care, we are working to optimize care by going to the patient and better coordinating their services. Quality home-based primary care alone reduces hospitalizations by about 50%. And given these outcomes and this growing capability, we have sought new payment models, both internal shared savings and payer capabilities and external partnerships with payers to help more optimally manage their members. Our strategy is straightforward. One, drive organic growth in our core service lines, which enjoy strong secular tailwinds and where we have demonstrated above-market growth rates. 2, further coordinate our services and care management capabilities to drive integrated care and value-based care. And 3, continue to execute accretive acquisitions to fill in geographies and drive market density and share. Most importantly, we will continue to invest in our people, our systems and processes, and our quality as key underpinnings to our strategies and our focus on growth and efficiency. As most recent evidence of this and our continued investment in people, we announced a $100 million equity grant at the time of the IPO to all full-time company employees who've been with us for at least a year, which is over 20,000 of our teammates. We are extremely excited about the opportunities in front of us over the next year and the longer term. We have strategically positioned BrightSpring to be a major player in the areas of greatest need in healthcare and in some of the most exciting growth markets within healthcare services. I am confident that in each of these markets, BrightSpring will be among the long-term winners. For the year 2023, we are proud of our results in growing revenue by 18% and adjusted EBITDA by 7% to $538 million, which largely reflected organic growth and was the highest point of the range previously communicated in the S-1. fourth quarter was another strong quarter as we grew revenue by 22% and adjusted EBITDA by 4%, notably adjusted for a one-time fourth quarter 2022 payer rate catch-up. fourth quarter 2023 increased an additional 12% as compared to the reported growth rate of 4%. fourth quarter 2023 growth was consistent with strong third quarter 2023 results, including 19% revenue growth and 13% Adjusted EBITDA growth year-over-year. We have continued to demonstrate double-digit Adjusted EBITDA growth in the recent quarters and at this time expect double-digit year-over-year growth continuing into first quarter 2024. For the full year 2024, we expect Adjusted EBITDA to be in the range of $550 to 564 million, excluding acquisitions. This includes the impact of approximately $6 million of new public company costs, primarily D&O insurance, and excludes certain quality incentive payments received in prior years and, if received again, would result in potential upside. With the debt paydown from IPO proceeds, recent credit rating upgrades, and the successful recent completion of the company's debt refinancing at a seven-year term, our annual cash flow is increased by approximately $100 million from reduced interest expense, resulting in a strong normalized cash flow profile as we focus on driving two times and below our three times or less leverage target over time. In summary, BrightSpring is uniquely positioned to serve the large markets and growing needs in healthcare through leading and lower-cost services with differentiated scale, capabilities, and historical performance. We provide critical services to people with more significant long-term needs where they are. With that, I'll turn the call over to Jim to further discuss our impressive 2023 results and momentum that is driving us into 2024. Thank you, Jon. For the fourth quarter of 2023, we realized $2.4 billion in revenue, which represented 22.1% growth. Our adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was $143 million, representing 3.8% growth and an adjusted EBITDA margin of 6%. Of note, adjusted for a one-time fourth quarter 2022 payer rate catch-up, fourth quarter 2023 increased an additional 12.7% as compared to the reported growth rate of 3.8%. Cash flow from operations in fourth quarter 2023 was $162 million. For the full year of 2023, revenue grew 18.5% to $8.8 billion, and adjusted EBITDA grew 7% to $538 million. Adjusted EBITDA margin for the full year of 6.1% reflected mixed shift and, in particular, the strong and continued growth of our leading specialty pharmacy business and its margin characteristic of the specialty industry. We remain focused on margin stability and expansion over the next several years as we continue to operationalize enterprise efficiencies on an ongoing basis, and each business grows its margin with continued scaling and targeted operational initiatives. During 2023, our cash flow from operations was $211 million. Turning to segment performance, for the fourth quarter of 2023, year-over-year pharmacy revenue increased $406 million, or 29.5%, to $1.8 billion, and pharmacy segment EBITDA decreased $4 million, or 3.9%, to $93 million. As previously mentioned at the company level, more relevant comparability for fourth quarter 2023 year-over-year growth rate was impacted by fourth quarter 2022 payer rate adjustments and catch-up by approximately 17%. Provider revenue increased $25 million, or 4.4%, to $589 million, and provider segment EBITDA increased $9 million, or 12%, to $86 million as compared to the fourth quarter of the prior year. For the full year 2023, pharmacy revenue increased $1.3 billion, or 23.9%, to $6.5 billion, and pharmacy segment EBITDA increased $27 million, or 7.7%, to $371 million compared to the prior year. Provider revenue increased $122 million, or 5.6%, to $2.3 billion, and provider segment EBITDA increased $18 million, or 6.2%, to $307 million as compared to the prior year. In terms of business metrics, scripts dispensed were 9.6 million for the fourth quarter, an increase of 8.3% year-over-year. Revenue per script was $186, an increase of 20%, driven by mixed and outsized growth in infusion and specialty pharmacy. Home healthcare average daily census was 42,000, an increase of 8.4%. For the full year, scripts dispensed were 37 million, an increase of 9.5% year-over-year, with infusion and specialty pharmacy prescription growth of over 20% and home and community prescription growth of over 8%. Revenue per script was $174, an increase of 13% year-over-year, driven by mixed and outsized growth in infusion and specialty pharmacy. Home healthcare average daily census was 40,000, an increase of 8%. Turning to 2024 guidance, we are currently projecting revenue between $9.35 billion-$9.50 billion, with pharmacy revenue between $6.95 billion-$7.05 billion, and provider revenue between $2.40 billion-$2.45 billion. Adjusted EBITDA is expected to be between $550 to 564 million, representing an adjusted EBITDA margin of approximately 6%. Following our IPO, we paid off all of the company's second lien debt and repaid a portion of the first lien debt. We secured updated ratings from Moody's and S&P, improving from B2/B to B1/B+ ratings, and refinanced the remaining $2.566 billion of debt in a new tranche that expires in 2031. The combined equity and debt transactions have reduced annual interest expense by over $100 million. Following our IPO and the debt refinancing, our leverage currently sits at 4.3x, with a long-term target of below three times and a strong focus on cash flow generation and deleveraging. With an improved capital structure and significantly lower interest expense and our ongoing focus on cash flow generation, and with CapEx at 0.8% of revenue, a reduction in days sales outstanding by 3.7 days to 33.7 days, and days of inventory on hand relatively flat and at excellent levels in 2023, we remain confident in our ability to deliver while we continue to execute on our growth strategy, including funding attractive and tuck-in acquisitions. I'll turn it back over to Jon for some final thoughts. Thank you. And thank you for all of your time today to go through BrightSpring's platform, including our focus on building out the most relevant healthcare services and care management capabilities demanded and required both today and in the future in the United States. This ends our prepared remarks. Operator, please open the line for questions. And operator, I'm actually just going to make one additional comment while you go ahead and give you a few seconds to queue up any of the questions. Just one more quick clarification on the prior comment about 2024, to be crystal clear. And again, the expectation for Adjusted EBITDA is to be in the range of $550 to 564 million, excluding acquisitions. For the purposes of comparability to 2023, we note that this includes the impact of about $6 million of new public company costs, which is primarily D&O, and includes partial credit for certain quality incentive payments received in prior years that is entirely consistent with what we had included in our 2024 forecast before. And we note that if received in full again, it could potentially result in additional potential upside. Just wanted to make that quick clarification so it was crystal clear. With that, operator, we're happy to take questions. Thank you. Thank you. As a reminder, if you would like to ask a question, please press star one, one on your telephone. We also ask that you wait for your name and company to be announced before proceeding with your question. One moment for the Q&A roster. Our first question today will be coming from Jamie Perse of Goldman Sachs. Your line is open. Hey, thank you. Good morning. And I'll just say a quick congrats on the IPO. I wanted to start with the value of the platform that you've talked a lot about, the sales synergies that you see across the business. And as you've talked to folks over the last few months, what do you think's most misunderstood about the complementary nature of the businesses and how you actually execute on generating some of those sales synergies? And what data can you share about where you are in that process and the number of patients getting multiple services or leads generated internally? Yeah. Hey, Jamie. Appreciate the question. Good morning. Look, I think first off, what's critical to understand is that this 5% of the population that makes up 50% of the spend in healthcare and needs better solutions where they are and in the home, they all have the need for multiple services. Everybody needs their medications managed. Everybody needs a doctor. Most people need provider services in their home. They don't need just one service. Most providers only offer one service. So we have the ability to offer a comprehensive set of care capabilities that drive not only better outcomes, it gives us access to many, many, many more volume and care opportunities in the organization. It really dramatically increases our addressable market sizes and really has helped to fuel additional incremental growth for the organization, all while we drive quality outcomes and better coordinated care. That is a very unique capability set that we feel is imperative to drive value-based care-type outcomes in the future. I would say, as you look at our company today, we derive a substantial amount of EBITDA from these internal care integrations. It's primarily from the majority of our provider patients. Every single one of them has an important medication management need and regimen. And for the majority of our provider patients we serve, we're also providing the medication management, the pharmacy services in a more coordinated way. I mean, that's upwards of about 35,000 additional referrals a year and upwards of about double-digit amounts of our EBITDA in the 10% to 15% range. And so it is a significant adder to what we do today in addition to providing better outcomes for our people. As we look forward, there is a much bigger opportunity. There are upwards of over 400,000-500,000 additional referrals a year that we could potentially be taking if we were to serve all of the services and needs that our patients have today. That is our goal over the next five to 10 years to continue to drive more integrated care. It would more than double the company if all we were doing was fully serving all of our patients' needs because we have those care capabilities today. So it's a huge opportunity going forward. It's meaningful today. I wouldn't, though, want to lose sight of the fact that we have core service lines that are demonstrating best-of-breed growth in each one of its markets through its external referrals, obviously, first and foremost. So we view the internal integrated care opportunity as a significant adder to leading businesses in their own right, in their markets. And then going forward, if we have this care capability, the ultimate opportunity is not to drive more internal care integrations for more volume, but it's to leverage those skills in home-based primary care to serve our patients in value-based care models where we are starting to more derive the economic benefits for the great outcomes that we produce every day. That's a potentially 9-figure EBITDA opportunity as we look out four, five, and six years and beyond and something we're really leaning into. Is that helpful? Yes. Yeah, that's super helpful. I wanted to ask one separate question just on the longer-term margin targets, the 6% to 7% that you're talking about for EBITDA margins. Given the growth and margin rates of your businesses, you've got some natural mixed pressure, and we've ended up kind of on the lower end of that range. So can you talk about the offsets to that mixed pressure, whether it's at margin at the business unit level, corporate leverage, or otherwise? And what would need to happen to kind of make progress and move more consistently into the higher end of that range? Yeah. We've seen margin stability in every single one of our business lines, right? So to the extent you've seen any EBITDA margin change in our company, it's purely due to business mix. As we have a very high-performing oncology, especially pharmacy business that continues to ramp, it rates double and triple the rates of the industry. That's a good thing. So the EBITDA dollars for the organization and the growth we're driving from that is nothing but a good thing. That said, if you were to step back and look at the aggregate margins, we think we're going to continue to focus on efficiency initiatives and operational initiatives as, in particular, our infusion and home health and hospice businesses continue to scale. We think there's opportunity there with scale and further best practices with our leadership teams. At the corporate level, one of the obvious benefits of our company is the procurement and purchasing synergies that we're able to drive across the company and leverage our infrastructure. Just as we sit here today, there's another $12 million of OpEx annualized that we think is going to start to come online in terms of savings in the April, May timeframe. We've got an initiative on the coding side in one of our businesses in the company that we think could be a $10 million opportunity. So we are always looking at those opportunities in the organization. Whether it's terrific continued EBITDA dollar growth in specialty, whether it's opportunities, 1% to 2% margins as we scale certain businesses, or whether it's continuing to leverage the unique size we have to drive efficiency across the organization, you add all those three things up, and that spits out the range that we would expect to be in over the next three years from an aggregate perspective at the enterprise. Okay. Great. I'll leave it there. Thank you. Thanks, Jamie. Thank you. One moment for the next question. Our next question will be coming from Brian Tanquilut of Jefferies. Your line is open. Hey, good morning, guys. And congrats on the IPO and the quarter. Jon, maybe just a follow-up to the answer that you gave, Jamie, to the second question. So if we're thinking about the growth rate for the company over the next three to five years, where would you set that, and how should we be thinking about the key drivers there and maybe also how that compares to historical growth rates, right? Is that just conservatism, or? Just Just curious how you're thinking about growth in general. Yeah. Thanks, Brian. Hope you're doing well. Look, we envision growth rates into the future being consistent with our historical growth rates. I mean, you look back over the long term, our six-year CAGR is 14% as a company. Our three-year CAGR is about 12% as a company. For a company of our size within healthcare services, I think there's been one other company, maybe a clinical trial support company of our size that has produced those sort of growth rates at over $500 million a year over the last 15 years. So we're in some pretty rarified territory when it comes to growth rate. I think our historical growth rate in the S&P would put us in the top 10% to 15%, another benchmark. Our expectations over the next five years are for the same. I think there is a little bit of normalization in growth rate with scale and potentially conservatism baked in, as you said. But nothing has changed about our expectations for growth in the company. We have never been more excited about the growth levers we have in the organization. When you look at our combined platform and our ability to drive both growth in our core service lines and then incremental growth through internal care integrations and value-based care in the future and our ability to uniquely drive accretive acquisitions comparatively, we've never been more excited about our growth. January and February, we're a record, two more record months in terms of volume on the pharmacy side of our business. I mean, just incredible volume results in January in particular in our pharmacy business. And so nothing has really changed about our outlook. We previously communicated mid-to-upper single-digit growth rates organically. We think for a company of our size, that's very good. We supplement that with very accretive acquisitions. Our goal as a company is to drive double-digit growth. We've got a lot of unique levers to be able to do that, and that's going to continue to be our focus. No, that's awesome. Maybe, Jim, just a quick question on the guidance. Curious, what is embedded in there in terms of acquisitions? And then just the DIR stuff, just to clarify, if you can quantify how much is in there and what is the potential upside from those payments? Thanks. Yeah, Brian, thanks a lot. Good to hear from you. The guidance is consistent with the way we've been talking about it and consistent with our expectations. We have about half credit for the quality incentive in 2024 with some conservatism in several businesses, including pharmacy, for the balance of the year. We're confident in our ability to achieve that 550-564 range for Adjusted EBITDA for the year. Brian, that number assumes no acquisitions. Okay. Got it. That's what I was going to ask. Awesome. Thank you, guys, and congrats again. Thank you. One moment for the next question. The next question will be coming from A.J. Rice of UBS. Hi, everybody. Thanks. Hi, everybody. Just to maybe drill down because I think there are some questions about what's in and what's not in those specialty quality incentive payments. So you booked $30 million in 2023. It sounds like you've got $16 million in your 2024 outlook. Is there anything magical about 16 that you know you got that versus the 30? Why the 16? And then is that number something that could conceivably grow? I mean, is the upside potential to 30, or is there some reason to think, given the growth in the business, that there could be even more than that if you hit everything you're hoping for? Just give us a little more specific flavor on what's in, what's out, and how you ended up with that number of 16 for this year. Yeah. Thanks, A.J. I'll just say again that the number included in our 2024 forecast or range today is 100% consistent with everything that we had communicated to people during the roadshow and months back. So nothing has changed around that. Look, there is some tiering structure to some of these incentives where you can have some variability. As we look out into the year, we did want to apply some conservatism, and we wanted to land on an assumption that would give us confidence in our guide in all potential scenarios and to achieve our guide under any scenario. That's really what was embedded in our thinking. But the numbers that you quoted are correct. And we're optimistic that if history occurs again, given our very, very unique quality capabilities in this company, that there could be some upside there. Okay. And just to maybe drill down a little further on the acquisitions. So there's no acquisitions baked in for your outlook for 2024. Give us a little flavor for what the pipeline is. Obviously, that you have a wide array of businesses. Are there particular areas that you're focused on for acquisitions? And as you're thinking about how those acquisitions get valued and what prices you're able to obtain on that, has there been any change in thinking on that? Yeah. No, that's another area of complete consistency. Our acquisitions pipeline has been as large as ever, as attractive as ever. Most of our deals are proprietary, given our relationships. Many folks want to sell to our company. They look at us as a winner in the future of healthcare and a long-term home. So we have tremendous access. Our pipeline has 100 potential deals in it at any point in time. We're very measured and deliberate about the deals we do. Historically, our average pro forma multiple on acquisitions is 4x EBITDA. And so there's a lot of potential value creation there, obviously, in addition to using acquisitions as a strategy to continue to drive market density in targeted geographies. But this will be an entirely consistent year from our perspective. We have several deals that we would expect to close in the March, April timeframe. Two, in particular, are going to be bread and butter, just small tuck-in deals in geographies, actually at sub-3x EBITDA. Again, a capability, I think, that few other companies have, and we will continue to use as an advantage and to use very judiciously. A lot of these acquisitions are also deleveraging, just given our ability to drive operational execution after we buy them and to leverage our scale and synergies at our company to drive these sort of multiples. That's really just another benefit of our one-company platform and scale is our ability to drive these multiples not only through our operational prowess but through our cost synergies that we're able to drive when we integrate them within 30 days. So we would expect a typical level of M&A. We've guided, I think, to the sort of 7-12 range of acquired EBITDA. Again, it's something that we have the ability to dial up or down a little bit, but we are very deliberate about any transaction we do. We have an almost 100% track record of growing acquisitions that we've acquired. And so that's going to be a consistent view, nothing changed going forward for the organization. Okay. Thanks. Great. Thank you. One moment for the next question. Our next question will be coming from Joanna Gajuk of Bank of America. Your line is open. Hi. Hi. Good morning, Joanna Gajuk here. Thanks for taking the question. So I guess maybe just a quick follow-up on the discussion around the QIP, the quality payments, to the point of the likelihood you actually get the same amount, and when will you know? Yeah, Joanna, that plays out later in the year. We should have more visibility through second quarter and third quarter on that. I would just reiterate that we do have confidence in our guide in all potential scenarios and to achieve it under any scenarios. Again, just given our quality results, our ability to get some of these incentives in the past is extremely unique versus other companies. But this is all done through third-party quality measures that roll in as the year goes on. But we would expect to have some visibility going forward. Hopefully, if history repeats itself, that would be incrementally good news for the organization. Thanks for that. And my question is around, I guess, some other comments you were making around the organic growth. And you outlined in the slides, and you talk about long-term growing high single digits. And I know in the slide, you also talk about 9% organic growth CAGR the last couple of years. Can you give us the organic revenue growth for fourth quarter and the full year? Or maybe the other way to ask the question would be some metrics that you gave, let's say, home healthcare. Census grew 8%. How much was organic of that 8%? And also, as it relates to your guidance for 2024, what number do you assume? And also specifically, how many de novos are assumed for 2024, sorry? Yeah. Thanks, Joanna. I'll start first and turn it over to Jen. We'll go in reverse order. So for 2024, that's an organic number. And we're going to assume, and we're executing on a pretty consistent level of de novos in the organization. It'll probably be in the high teens, ultimately, across our service lines. Those are very high return on capital endeavors that help us further penetrate markets and states and build market density. Jen, I'll turn it over to you for any historical and 2023 organic revenue growth numbers. Yes. Good morning, Joanna. You asked first about fourth quarter, and the revenue growth rate is 22.1% for the quarter. That represents almost entirely organic growth. We had very few acquisitions, as you know, in 2023 as we were approaching our IPO process. Of note, there was very little revenue contribution associated with those particular acquisitions. In fourth quarter, as we noted, we had 3.8% organic growth from an EBITDA perspective. As we discussed, that was actually impacted by the one-time payer rate adjustment in the year-over-year related to a fourth quarter 2022 payer rate adjustment that we booked. So that growth outside of that would have been 12.7% higher. It continued the momentum that we had in third quarter where we had posted 13% organic EBITDA growth in that particular period. As you look at the year, our growth associated with the full year is actually largely organic for the same reasons that we mentioned. Okay. That's helpful. My last question, when it comes to guidance, any comment on operating cash flow for the year? You talk about some savings of the interest expense, but I guess there's also the settlement payments. How should we think about the 2024 operating cash flow? Thank you. Sure, Joanna. When you think about operating cash flow, in 2023, we generated $211 million of total cash flow. That number will certainly increase going into 2024. We believe it will approach around $300 million in 2024 with the inclusion of the TEU as a partial drag on that number and also normalizing for working capital. As we discussed previously, working capital was net favorable during 2023 and returns to a normalized level in 2024. So we're expecting between $275 million and $300 million-ish around on operating cash flow. Thank you. One moment for the next question. Our next question will be coming from Whit Mayo of Leerink Partners. Your line is open. Hey. Good morning. Jon, maybe just an update on timing of the acquisition of the I-SNP plan, maybe just some more color on that, the size, which markets, the overlap you have with your current platform, and maybe just elaborate on any additional strategic thoughts that you'd like to share on that? Yeah. Sure. We went under definitive on that within December. It's a small deal. We expect about $2.5 million of annualized EBITDA before we grow it further. It's at a modest multiple of about 7x. For anything, obviously, in that sort of a space, that's actually an incredibly low multiple, and that's how we operate. We take baby steps to get into these things with almost zero risk. So that, again, is a reflection of our value-based care strategy. Whereas, I said, we are looking to have internal payer models, which are ACO capabilities. 2023 was the first year that we had an ACO capability to derive shared savings on our own patients, our patients under our home-based primary care clinicians. And then the other angle on internal payer sources is more managed care models because ACOs are Medicare shared savings models. So from the managed care model, you have I-SNPs and D-SNPs where you are taking risk. This is a baby step into that in Kentucky and Tennessee. We would look to expand that organically in about 20 more states over the next five to six years. That's an annual process that you have to work through to get those approvals in new states. And again, the rationale is that if we are the primary care for a growing number of patients and we have access to 300,000-400,000 people every year through our pharmacy and patient base that can go under our primary care - we know these patients already - how can we manage them ourselves with Medicare and then managed care models? And so the I-SNP is if our NPs are going into skilled nursing facilities and senior living communities every day, if they're going into people's homes on home health every day, those people are all eligible for I-SNP and D-SNP plans. So if they can join our plan side by side with an ACO, if they're straight Medicare, we have it covered from being able to offer our patients our internal plans. Now, with those care management capabilities that we have, we are also looking to partner with payers to do the same thing and to more optimally manage their members for them, obviously, in a different payment construct. We're talking to several right now. Our goal is certainly over the next year or two to start to execute with multiple payers externally to drive these very unique outcomes and reduce hospitalizations for them as well. People are very excited to do that. Those conversations have been going on for a decent period of time now. That's helpful. Maybe just an update on labor. I know pharmacy isn't really an area of concern, but maybe just on the provider side, I think maybe a little bit more inflation on low-skilled labor, just what you have in your plan, how that's trending versus prior years, just anything that gives us a sense of how confident you are that you have your arms around it. Maybe $100 million of stock grants is the answer, but just any thoughts would be helpful. Yeah. No, sure. I mean, being several years past COVID, I mean, things really settled down going on two years ago in the labor market, at least for us. And even during COVID, our retention improved. Our hiring numbers went up every single year for the last seven years. Our hiring numbers have gone up, and our retention has improved. And so we've had a unique ability to do that. Our model assumes sort of that 3% to 4% labor growth increase, which is pretty customary. That's the world we're in today. And we just continue to manage it really well. You're exactly right on the pharmacy side. Just given the ability to scale that model from a labor perspective, we've got about $1 million of revenue per FTE on the pharmacy side. So $100 million of a pharmacy, you only need 100 people. It's a great labor model. And then on the provider side, people want to work at a company that focuses on quality. We've continued to invest in our teams repeatedly through comp and benefits and training, career ladder programs. We have partnerships with nursing schools. We started an international sourcing program for nurses two years ago. Those people—it takes forever. Those people have started to come here now. They will this year. So we just really attack it from multiple angles. We view HR as an area of competitive differentiation, and our numbers have proved that out. So we also benefit from our settings. On the pharmacy side versus retail, I think people really prefer to work in our sort of closed-door pharmacies. And then on the provider side, a lot of people really want to be out and about. They don't want to be in an institution, and they love our settings. And so labor has been a massive focus for the company. We have a great, great, great culture, and I love where we're at. That is not an area of concern whatsoever for us as we look at the year or the next couple of years. Awesome. Thanks. Thank you. One moment for the next question. Our next question will be coming from Stephen Baxter of Wells Fargo. Your line is open. Yeah. Hi. Thanks. So your revenue growth in the pharmacy business has been really impressive in recent years. I guess first, can you help us understand the assumptions you're making in the revenue growth guidance for the pharmacy business for 2024? I guess, how should we think about how you're approaching further LDD launches and generic conversions and the guidance? And what could be potential drivers of upside as the year plays out? And then just to kind of put a pin in the discussion around the quality incentive payments, just confirming that your expectation is still that 2024 is the last year for these payments regardless of whatever the ultimate amount turns out to be. Thank you. Yeah. Hey, Stephen. Thank you. On your latter question, the answer is yes. And then on your prior questions, yeah, look, I mean, we've been able to grow pharmacy around a 20% CAGR over the last three and six years. It's actually accelerated to 22% in three years versus a six-year CAGR of 20%. Obviously, with our scale, those are very, very big numbers and big numbers comparatively. I would point out that the provider business also has grown its revenue CAGR at 10% historically. It's a 10% six-year CAGR and an 11% three-year CAGR. And so broad-based growth in the organization from what we consider to be best of breed businesses in the company. As we look at 2024, again, I would just reiterate that as the businesses continue to scale, I think there could be some conservatism baked into our number in terms of revenue growth for this year. I would just add that nothing has changed in our outlook in terms of going forward versus where we've been historically. We're as focused as ever on driving best practices in our business and driving unique multiple growth levers that we have access to. We're coming off January and February where we saw the most referrals and volume we've ever had. Thank you. One moment for the next question. Our next question will be coming from Ann Hynes of Mizuho Securities. Your line is open. Great. Thanks. Can you just talk? We're talking about guidance. What are the key assumptions that would get you to the low end, and what are the key assumptions that would get you to the high end? And then secondly, just on leverage, I know your target leverage is below three times over the long-term. Can you give more just an intermediate goal for maybe 2024 and 2025 and what your definition of long-term is when you think you can get below three times? Thanks. Yeah. Thank you for the question. I mean, look, on the range for this year, the range is really around the midpoint of what we had communicated before. I think if we just stay on plan and on track, we feel very good about that number. If we continue to improve like we would expect, hopefully, we can beat it. We talked about some potential quality incentives as upside in the number as well. As we think about leverage going forward, three times is our long-term goal. I mean, our long-term goal is below 2x, right? What's long term as you look out long term, five years or so? But we want to continue to drive leverage as low as we can into the future. I mean, if you look at our cash flow profile now, you're probably looking at a couple of years, two and a half, three years to get to that three times number. That's how we think about it. All right. Thanks. Thank you. One moment for the next question. Our next question will be coming from Jack Wallace of Guggenheim. Your line is open. Hey, I think thanks for taking my questions. I just wanted to delve quick into the value-based care strategy and marry that with the capital deployment. It sounds like to me de novos are going to be the focus versus M&A are going to be helping to unlock that capability, thinking about the primary care element there. But the second part of that is how much EBITDA are you getting from value-based care just today? And if you could kind of help us wrap our models around how much kind of de novos are going to be pointed at primary care to unlock additional value-based care EBITDA in the next couple of years. Thank you. Yeah. Thank you. So as we refer to "de novos," I mean, that's really opening new pharmacies, infusion suites, new home health, hospice branches, rehab, outpatient clinics. De novos for home-based primary care in the sense that, yes, our first strategy with home-based primary care and value-based care is to grow it out organically and just hiring up our doctors and NPs. That's really what our focus is, is the patients are there in the thousands and hundreds of thousands. We'll be managing about 20,000 patients at least by the end of the year. But we hope that number scales dramatically, orders of magnitude larger in the next three to four years. So it's really ramping up our clinician count to be able to do that across, call it, our 20 target states over the next five years or so. There are some very small tuck-in opportunities where you acquire a clinician here or there in a market or a practice of 10 clinicians. But the way that we practice home-based primary care is different. We go to the home, which we feel like gives you the best care outcome and biggest impact on cost reduction. There's not a lot of comps that do that. There's really just several regional ones, and then it gets much smaller from there. So we are looking to build out a model on a national scale that really hasn't been done before, but it is an organic strategy. Again, we are leveraging the service lines and the patients that we have in pharmacy and provider. That's the whole point. That's what's unique about us, is we have access to these patients today. And then with these capabilities, your step change could occur, and your acceleration could occur if you're able to do this for external payer partners as well in addition to your own internal patients that you're serving in primary care. So our ability to provide these sort of high-quality and very impactful outcomes for payers as well, that is where you could see some step change and some acceleration over the next few years and why we have both an internal and an external payer strategy. For 2024, our expectations are to be in the mid-single digits of EBITDA. Again, this is an initiative that really, we started building out 12-18 months ago. True to our form, we've never lost money on this. We don't go make flyers and bets. We don't go lose $40 million a year building something out. That is not what we do. We were able to leverage our platform to slowly start building this out in a very common-sense way. But we hope to accelerate it into the future. And our five-to-seven-year plan is that this becomes 20%, 25%, 30% of our EBITDA from the company. But it's going to be a build-out over time and one that's mostly focused on organic. And then as a follow-up to that, is there any material kind of back-end infrastructure investments you need to make in order to take on that additional risk, whether that's market-dependent or kind of more national company platform-wide? Thank you. Yeah. No. As we've been building this out over the past 12-18 months, our focus has been on the operational and infrastructure and data side. That's actually why we haven't probably grown as fast in the last 12-18 months. We didn't want to take 20,000, 30,000, 40,000 patients before we had all of the infrastructure and capabilities in place. And so 2023 was the first year where we were in an ACO. And so the data and the analytics and the real-time patient monitoring and cost controls and triage and stratification of your patient base, our ability to do that internally and to have that daily level of visibility to manage external contracts as well, that is in place today. Excellent. Thank you so much. Thank you. One moment for the next question. Our next question will be coming from Pito Chickering of Deutsche Bank. Your line is open. Hey. Good morning, guys. Just taking my questions. Can I follow up on Stephen's question just on the pharmacy? You You drew 30% in the fourth quarter and guidance is about 7.4% at the midpoint. Is there a wave of limited distribution drugs from 2022 or 2023 that are slowing? Just trying to bridge the fourth quarter results of 2023 guidance. I get the law of large numbers, but is there anything structurally different in 2024 than there was in 2023? No, there's not. We're up to 116 limited distribution drugs. Again, we're winning those drugs, Pit, based on our quality results with manufacturers and our other data and hub and value-add programs that we're able to offer them. We expect to win another 12-16 of those drugs depending on what comes out of the pipeline this year. But nothing has changed in terms of our outlook. We've got a really strong position just given our quality and our relationships with the trade. And nothing's changed in terms of our outlook and our enthusiasm on this market going forward. All right. Great. And then the second question is on margins. I guess they're a guide to compress a little bit. Can you just give us the detail on the interplay between the gross margin pressures from pharmacies, sort of that mix impact, versus any gross margin impacts, headwinds or tailwinds, actually, on the provider side and how you offset that with SG&A leverage? Thanks so much. Yeah. I mean, look, I mean, as I said before, our growth in specialty, it's good growth. It's EBITDA, dollar growth. Our services are really high value-add. Our margins tend to be in line with the industry. On the... especially pharmacy side, these are the margins of the industry where we feel like we're a best-in-class player, certainly from a growth perspective. As that business continues to hopefully scale, you will see some level of margin impact on the company. As that business just continues to scale, that's math. Now, we feel like that will be offset by growth in the other businesses as well and what we're able to do by leveraging the platform in our scale. And so as mentioned really before, it's a combination of, I would say, really five factors. And I'll wrap it up maybe with this. Number one, you've got that outsized growth in specialty. Number two, though, we expect to see very strong growth across all of our service lines that are higher margin. Number three, we're able to leverage our platform scale and drive efficiency programs. I mentioned before, we feel like we've got $25 million at least sitting out there that we're going to execute on over the next 12 months. Number four, our ability to do accretive acquisitions. When you look at that multiple and do the math on the margin that we're buying at a four times multiple, that's upside, favorable pressure on our margin. And then number four, as we're able to continue to scale value-based care into the future, that's going to be significantly higher margin too. And you sort of pull all those together, and that's what makes us really competent in being able to both grow the revenue of the company and over the next three years, have a very stable EBITDA margin as well, just given the favorable combination of all of those factors. Great. Thanks so much. Thank you. Thank you. At this time, we'll be turning the call back to Jon Rousseau for closing remarks. Please go ahead. Thank you, everybody, for your time this morning. We appreciate you tuning in. We're incredibly excited moving forward. We look forward to your long-term partnership. Thanks for your time today. We look forward to talking with you in the near future. Have a good day. This concludes today's conference call. You may disconnect.