Hello, welcome to Citi's second quarter 2026 earnings call. Today's call will be hosted by Jenn Landis, Head of Citi Investor Relations. We ask that you please hold all questions until the completion of the formal remarks, at which time you will be given instructions for the question and answer session. Also, as a reminder, this conference is being recorded today. If you have any objections, please disconnect at this time. Ms. Landis, you may begin. Thank you, operator. Good morning, thank you all for joining our second quarter 2026 earnings call. I'm joined today by our Chair and Chief Executive Officer, Jane Fraser, and our Chief Financial Officer, Gonzalo Luchetti. I'd like to remind you that today's presentation, which is available for download on our website, citigroup.com, may contain forward-looking statements which are based on management's current expectations and are subject to uncertainty and changes in circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from these statements due to a variety of factors, including those described in our earnings materials, as well as in our SEC filings. With that, I'll turn it over to Jane. Thank you, Jen, good morning to everyone. Our momentum continued, the second quarter capped a very good first half of the year. This morning, we reported net income of $5.8 billion for the second quarter, with an EPS of $3.15 and an RoTCE of 13%. This was Citi's best quarterly revenue in a decade, which we delivered with over 9% positive operating leverage. Once again, we saw double-digit revenue growth for the firm and in four of our five businesses. We improved our RoTCE for the firm by 430 basis points and had significant improvement in the returns of every single business. The combination of our investments, disciplined execution, and focus on clients is delivering improved returns and more durable results. Let me take you through our five businesses. Services delivered its highest ever quarterly revenue and a return of over 30%. Clients continue to lean on our global network more and more. We saw a 13% increase in cross-border transactions, a 19% increase in deposits. Our assets under custody and administration were up over 20% as we onboarded funds and deepened existing relationships. This is the power of our network, it's a franchise that is very hard to replicate. Markets revenues were up 17% and crossed $7 billion again as sentiment stayed positive throughout the quarter. Equities was up over 40%, with prime balances up nearly 60%. Underneath fixed 7% growth, FX and spread products continued to shine in yet another example of our global network doing exactly what it is built to do for clients. This offset rates lower performance. Banking revenues climbed 34%, led by a sharp increase in financing activity amidst an overall strong wallet. Investment banking was up 44% as we gained share in equity capital Markets. We played a role in the majority of the top equity and debt issuances in the quarter, including lead roles on the high-profile IPOs such as SpaceX and Cerebras. As we enter the second half, the pipeline looks healthy, and we are continuing to invest in talent to fill the gaps in our coverage to gain share, including in M&A. Wealth revenues increased for the ninth straight quarter, up 13%, with growth across all three businesses, while returns improved to over 14%. Client investment assets were up 14%, and net new investment assets have reached $30 billion so far this year. Almost 2/3 of that NNIA growth came from deepening relationships with our existing clients, and referrals from the retail bank to Citigold were up 23%. You are now starting to see the tangible benefits of integrating our retail branches into Wealth. In U.S. Consumer Cards, investments in our products and partners, which shows up in both revenues and expenses, impacted our operating leverage this quarter. It's these investments, such as our acquisition of the AA Barclays portfolio in April, that will drive future growth in our general purpose portfolio. Furthermore, our resilient customer base kept fueling underlying drivers, loan growth, higher spend, and better credit performance than expected. This resulted in the RoTCE increasing to 22%. During the quarter, we completed the sale of our consumer business in Poland. We also closed on the sale of an additional 22.6% equity stake of Banamex, and we remain on track to close on an additional 1.4% this summer, which will bring the total amount to 49%. Simplifying Citi through these international consumer divestitures, along with higher PPNR and lower stress losses, contributed directly to our stronger showing in the Fed's stress test last month, and we plan to increase our dividend by 12%. We launched $30 billion common stock repurchase commitment by buying back $4 billion during the quarter. Our CET1 ratio stood at 12.8% and remains about 120 basis points above our current regulatory minimum. We continued to make progress in our transformation with a large body of work passing internal audit validation. As much of the transformation work winds down, we are not only taking down expenses, but we're applying what we learned about large-scale implementation to integrate AI into our businesses and functions wherever it makes sense. Nearly nine out of 10 of our people are using our AI tools. That's not only driving productivity and client experience, but also growth, helping us bring products to market significantly faster, as we're doing with Payments Express in Services and with our Citi Wealth Advisor Insights platform. On the macro front, the conflict in the Middle East has weighed a bit on global growth whilst giving inflation a second wind. In the U.S., growth is roughly where it was a year ago and the labor market remains stable. But, it's a nuanced story because that growth is not lifting all boats. The extraordinary investment in AI and its supporting cast of semiconductors, data centers, and related infrastructure is providing a tailwind in the U.S. and parts of Asia, while a more vulnerable Europe faces yet another competitive headwind. Above all these dynamics, we see real resiliency in our corporate clients who bring strong balance sheets and a proven adeptness at managing the complex environment. You've heard me say many times that Citi's success won't follow a straight line, but the rigor and consistency with which we have executed the strategy we first laid out for you in 2022, and reinforced at our Investor Day in May, has put Citi back in the game, and our people deserve enormous credit for getting us to this position. We have elevated Citi into a new growth mode. Our returns are improving and the conversation around this firm has changed. We continue to do the things we said we would do, such as investing in the businesses whilst we take down our transformation and stranded costs. Despite the usual seasonality in the second half of the year, we feel very good about our ability to hit our 2026 return target, then to reach the targets we shared with you in May. To be clear, if conditions stay constructive, we intend to take advantage of that. We'll lean in with additional investments and other actions to create value for our shareholders over the medium term. A stronger environment isn't just upside to report. It's an opportunity we will put to work. Finally, as you are all aware, this is Jenn Landis' final earnings call before she becomes our Chief Financial Officer for Markets. Jenn came to Citi almost five years ago, just after I became CEO. Over that time, she has reestablished trust and credibility with the investor community and rebuilt our investor relations team, which is now recognized as one of the best on the Street. You can see her fingerprints on our disclosures, our financial communications, and events such as our recent Investor Day. She has worked tirelessly to make sure you understand where we are going and how we will get there. So Jenn, thank you very much indeed. Before I turn it over to Gonzalo, I would like to thank FIFA for scheduling Argentina's semi-final match in Atlanta for tomorrow and not for today. I shudder to think what choice Gonzalo would have made in that situation. Gonzalo, over to you, and then we will be delighted, as always, to take your questions. Thank you, Jane. Good morning, everyone. First, I can neither confirm nor deny what decision I would've made in that situation. Second, I would like to echo Jane's sentiment regarding Jenn's final earnings call as head of investor relations. Jenn has been a great partner to me, to Jane, and to the broader leadership team. Since taking over investor relations in 2021, she has built strong relationships across the investor and analyst community and helped ensure that Citi's strategy is communicated with clarity, credibility, and consistency. We look forward to seeing her continue to make an impact in her new role. On behalf of the entire management team, thank you, Jenn, for your leadership, your counsel, and your many contributions. I'm also very pleased to have Margo Pilic stepping into the role of head of strategy, M&A, and investor relations. Margo comes to this role after five years as Jane's chief of staff and brings deep knowledge of our strategy, priorities, and organization after more than two decades at the firm. I look forward to working with Margo in her new role, and I know she will do a tremendous job. Getting to the quarter, I'll start with firm-wide financial results, focusing on year-on-year comparisons unless I indicate otherwise, then review the performance of our businesses in greater detail. On slide four, we show financial results for the full firm, which demonstrate the progress we've made and the momentum of our strategy. This quarter, we reported net income of $5.8 billion, EPS of $3.15, and an RoTCE of 13% on $24.8 billion of revenues, generating positive operating leverage. Total revenues were up 14%, with growth driven by each of our businesses and legacy franchises, including the impact of FX translation, partially offset by a decline in corporate other. Net interest income, excluding Markets, which you can see on the bottom left side of the slide, was up 6%, driven by growth across all businesses and legacy franchises, partially offset by a decline in corporate other. Non-interest revenues, excluding Markets, were up 39%, driven by growth in all other banking services and Wealth, partially offset by a decline in U.S. consumer cards. Excluding all other, as well as Markets, non-interest revenues were up 18%, and total Markets revenues were up 17%. Expenses of $14.2 billion were up 5%, with an efficiency ratio of below 58%, which I'll provide details on shortly. Cost of credit was $2.5 billion, primarily consisting of net credit losses in U.S. consumer cards, as well as a firm-wide net ACL build of $118 million. Looking at the firm on a year-to-date basis, we generated positive operating leverage with total revenues up 14%, driven by growth across all businesses and legacy franchises, including the impact of FX translation, partially offset by a decline in corporate other, and expenses, which have also been impacted by FX translation, up 6%, as we reported an RoTCE of 13.1%. On slide five, we show the expense and efficiency trend over the past five quarters. As I just mentioned, expenses increased 5%, primarily driven by our continued investments in the front office, as well as higher volume and revenue-related expenses. This increase is reflected in compensation and transactional and product servicing costs. We also saw an impact from FX translation across our expense base. The benefits of our past investments and productivity efforts have allowed us to gain efficiencies across our expense base and reduce our headcount to 219,000, with over $800 million of severance incurred year-to-date. We continue to invest in areas such as technology, including AI, and we would expect an increase in productivity saves over time. It is worth noting that this expense increase was against 14% revenue growth, resulting in an improvement in our operating efficiency of over 500 basis points. On slide six, we show U.S. cards and corporate credit metrics. As I mentioned, the firm's cost of credit was $2.5 billion, primarily consisting of net credit losses in U.S. consumer cards, as well as a firm-wide net ACL build. Our reserves incorporate an eight-quarter weighted average unemployment rate of 5.3%, which includes a downside scenario average unemployment rate of nearly 7%. At the end of the quarter, we had over $22 billion in total reserves, with a reserve to funded loans ratio of 2.5%. We continue to maintain a high credit quality card portfolio, with approximately 86% of balances extended to consumers with FICO scores of 660 or higher, and a reserve to funded loan ratio in our U.S. cards portfolio of 7.6%. Looking at the right-hand side of the slide, you can see that our corporate exposure is 79% investment grade, and in the quarter, corporate non-accruing loans, as well as corporate net credit losses, remain low. We are confident in the high-quality nature of our portfolios, which reflect our robust risk appetite framework, rigorous client selection, and our focus on using the balance sheet in the context of the overall client relationship. Turning to capital and the balance sheet on slide seven, where I will speak to sequential balances. Our total assets of $2.9 trillion increased 4%, driven by growth in trading-related assets. Net end-of-period loans increased 4%, primarily driven by growth in Markets and U.S. cards. Our $1.5 trillion deposit base remains well diversified and increased 3%, driven by growth in Services, as we continue to deepen with clients, with a focus on high-quality operating deposits. We maintained a 114% average LCR and over $1 trillion of available liquidity resources. In the second quarter, we continued to deploy capital to support client-driven growth, while at the same time prioritizing the return of capital to common shareholders, as evidenced by the $4 billion in buybacks. We ended the quarter at 12.8% CET1 ratio under the binding standardized approach, approximately 120 basis points above the 11.6% regulatory capital requirement, as we continue to target a CET1 ratio around 12.6% under the existing rules and requirements. While our SCB remains at 3.6%, as we announced in June, we were pleased to see the continued improvement in our DFAST results and the corresponding implied SCB of 3.3%, which marks a reduction for the third consecutive year, demonstrating the execution of our strategy and improved business performance, which has resulted in growth in PPNR and greater resilience in stress. As a reminder, we plan to increase our quarterly common stock dividend by 12% beginning in the third quarter, subject to quarterly board approval. Turning to the businesses on slide eight, we show the results for Services in the second quarter. Revenues were up 18%, driven by growth across both TTS and Security Services, reflecting the benefits of our continued investments in the business. NII increased 18%, primarily driven by higher average deposit balances. NIR increased 16% as we continue to see strong activity and engagement with both corporate and commercial clients, and across key high growth segments, including e-commerce and fintech, driving momentum across underlying drivers with cross-border transaction value up 13% and assets under custody and administration up 22%, which includes the impact of market valuations as well as new assets onboarded. Expenses increased 5%, driven by higher volume-related expenses as well as higher performance and other compensation expenses. Average loans increased 10%, primarily driven by export agency finance and working capital loans. Average deposits increased 19% with growth across both North America and international, largely driven by an increase in operating deposits as we continue to deepen relationships with existing clients and onboard new clients. Services generated positive operating leverage and delivered net income of $2.6 billion with an RoTCE of 30.9% in the quarter and 29% year to date. Turning to Markets on slide nine. Revenues were up 17%, driven by growth across both equities and fixed income, with strong momentum across client segments including corporates, asset managers, hedge funds and banks. Fixed income revenues were up 7%, driven by growth in spread products and other fixed income, as well as rates and currencies. Spread products and other fixed income was up 25%, driven by growth across both financing and credit trading in spread products, as well as growth in commodities. Rates and currencies was up 1% with growth in currencies on higher volumes reflecting strong client engagement, primarily offset by lower revenues in rates. Equities revenues were up 45%, driven by continued momentum in derivatives and prime services as we grew prime balances by nearly 60%, with growth across both new and existing clients, as well as higher market valuations. Expenses increased 8%, driven by higher performance-related compensation and volume-related expenses. Average loans increased 29%, primarily driven by financing activity in spread products. Markets generated positive operating leverage and delivered net income of $2.4 billion, with an RoTCE of 17% in the quarter and 17.8% year to date. Turning to banking on slide 10. Revenues were up 34%, driven by growth in investment banking, partially offset by a decline in corporate lending, excluding mark-to-market on loan hedges. Investment banking revenues increased 44%, reflecting a strong wallet driven by growth in DCM and ECM, partially offset by a decline in M&A. DCM was up 65%, resulting in our second-best quarter ever with growth across leveraged finance and investment grade. ECM was up 92% amid very strong market conditions with growth across all products led by strength in IPOs and follow-ons, where we participated in eight of the top 10 ECM deals of the quarter. While M&A was down 4%, we maintained a healthy pipeline and continue to have meaningful strategic dialogue with our clients. Corporate lending revenues, excluding mark-to-market on loan hedges, declined 4%. Expenses increased 7%, driven by higher performance-related compensation and investments, as well as higher volume-related expenses. Cost of credit was $242 million, consisting of net credit losses of $138 million and a net ACL build of $104 million. Net credit losses were driven by loan sales, which we had previously reserved for. The net ACL build was driven by exposure growth, largely offset by reserve releases covering losses on the loan sales. Average loans increased 5% as growth in loans associated with investment banking activity more than offset the decline in corporate lending balances. Banking generated positive operating leverage and delivered net income of $350 million, with an RoTCE of 18% in the quarter and 16.9% year to date. Turning to Wealth on slide 11. Revenues were up 13%, driven by growth across all businesses, with 17% growth in Citigold and the Retail Bank, 5% in the Private Bank and 3% in Wealth at Work. NII, which you can see on the bottom left side of the slide, increased 18%, driven by higher deposit spreads and average balances, partially offset by lower mortgage spreads. NIR was up 4% as we continue to see growth in investment fee revenues, which were up 20%, primarily offset by the absence of the approximate $80 million gain on sale of our alternatives fund platform, which occurred in the second quarter last year, and the loss of fee revenue from the sale of the trust business in 2025. Net new investment asset flows were $15.7 billion in the quarter, contributing to over $56 billion in the last 12 months, representing 9% organic growth. Overall, client investment assets were up 14%, which also includes the impact of market valuations and was partially offset by the sale of trust business assets. Expenses increased 3%, driven by higher technology costs and higher performance-related compensation. Average loans were up 5% as we continue to grow securities-based lending and deploy balance sheet to support clients and drive client investment asset growth. Average deposits were up 4%, primarily driven by growth in the private bank. Wealth had a pre-tax margin of 23%, generated positive operating leverage, and delivered net income of $583 million with an RoTCE of 14.4% in the quarter and 12.6% year to date. Turning to U.S. consumer cards on slide 12. As Jane mentioned, this quarter we completed the acquisition of the additional American Airlines co-branded card portfolio, and our results reflect the impact of the over $6 billion in loans from more than 2 million accounts onboarded in April. In the quarter, revenues were up 1%, driven by growth in NII, primarily offset by a decline in NIR. NII was up 5%, driven by higher interest earning balances. NIR was down 47%, driven by higher accruals for partner payments and new account acquisition costs, reflecting increased investments, partially offset by higher annual fees and net interchange. Including the additional American Airlines portfolio acquisition and momentum across underlying drivers, we saw general purpose cards acquisitions up 135%, spend volume up 12%, and average loans up 8%, partially offset by declines in private label cards. Expenses increased 10%, driven by higher severance, customer engagement costs, legal expenses, and increased marketing as we invest to drive future acquisitions and continued customer engagement. Cost of credit was $1.6 billion, consisting of $1.9 billion of net credit losses and a net ACL release of $232 million, driven by improved portfolio quality, including seasonal changes, largely offset by higher volume and changes in macroeconomic variables. U.S. consumer cards delivered net income of $852 million with an RoTCE of 22% in the quarter and 20.6% year to date. While we expect RoTCE to remain around our through-the-cycle target for the business, in some of the next few quarters, we do expect expense growth to outpace revenue growth as we invest in the business to drive engagement and acquisitions with some of those investments reflected as contra revenue and others as expenses. Turning to slide 13, we show results for all other on a managed basis, which includes corporate other and legacy franchises and excludes divestiture related items. Revenues were up 1%, driven by growth in legacy franchises, offset by a decline in corporate other. Growth in Mexico consumer, which included momentum in underlying business drivers and the impact of Mexican peso appreciation, partially offset by the impact of continued reduction from our exit and wind-down Markets. The decline in corporate other was driven by lower NII, which included actions taken, such as those to reduce Citi's asset sensitivity due to a lower interest rate environment, largely offset by higher NIR reflecting episodic activity. Expenses were down 3%, driven by a decline in legacy franchises as lower expenses related to exits and wind-downs were primarily offset by the impact of Mexican peso appreciation, as well as a decline in corporate other, which included lower transformation expenses and severance charges. As a reminder, we will continue to look for opportunities to drive structural efficiencies, including severance to improve productivity and actions to improve our funding profile. Cost of credit was $438 million, primarily consisting of net credit losses of $366 million, driven by loans in Mexico. We've reduced the total DTAs deducted from CET1 capital held in corporate other by over $500 million year to date. To close, we've included our full year 2026 outlook on slide 14. We've made significant progress in terms of improving returns on the back of our investments, generating a year-to-date RoTCE of 13.1%. Having said that, we continue to target an RoTCE of 10%-11% for the full year, supported by NII ex Markets growth of approximately 5%-6% and continued NIR ex Markets growth driven by momentum in services, banking, and Wealth, partially offset by USCC. We expect the USCC NIR to remain in line with the second quarter's absolute level in the third and fourth quarters of this year. In Markets, we historically have seen revenues decline approximately 20% between the first and second half of the year. Given the strong performance year to date, the magnitude of that decline could be greater this year. As we've said before, we expect our full year efficiency ratio to be around 60% as we ramp up investments across the businesses in the second half and incur additional severance as we target future efficiencies. As it relates to credit, we continue to expect a total U.S. credit cards NCL rate between 4% and 4.5%, while the ACL will continue to be a function of the macroeconomic environment and business volumes. We remain well-positioned to return capital to shareholders under our $30 billion share repurchase program. As we take a step back, the results in the second quarter and first half of this year represent significant progress towards our goal of improved firm-wide and business performance. We remain steadfast and focused on executing our transformation and confident in delivering our RoTCE target of 10%-11% this year with a clear path to delivering higher sustainable returns going forward as we laid out at Investor Day. With that, Jane and I would be glad to take your questions. At this time, we will open the floor for questions. If you would like to ask a question, please press star five on your telephone keypad. You may remove yourself at any time by pressing star five again. Please note you will be allowed one question and one follow-up question. Again, that is star five to ask a question. We will now pause a moment to assemble the queue. Okay. Our first question will come from Glenn Schorr with Evercore ISI. Your line is now open. Please go ahead. Hi, thank you. I'm a huge fan of investing back in the business during great times. I heard your message loud and clear, and we see your guidance, but people are trying to parse through the not upping of the RoTCE target this year. I don't know if you can quantify in numbers, that's what I'm asking is, how much of it is conservatism and not knowing what's ahead in the second half, versus investments you've already made, versus investments you're going to make in this second half? I'm just trying to get through the parsing of it. Thank you. Okay. Hey there, Glenn. Well, I have to say, with a good first half under our belt, we've shifted our focus from the 2026 waypoint to the near-term and medium-term targets and the investments behind them. As you say, we've operated in a good environment so far this year. I think the whole industry's benefited from revenue growth and benign credit. What I think I'm most proud of is that we've generated real alpha. It's outperformance that we created, it's not just a rising tide, and you've seen us pair that with consistent expense and capital discipline while investing. As you say, how strong the second half turns out largely depends on the macro and the market backdrop, and that's true for everybody. We are deliberately investing for long-term growth and for improved returns. A few weeks ago, we laid these out in the investment plan in detail at Investor Day. You see, we just have a lot of opportunities here, and we're funding these investments while holding our efficiency ratio for the year around 60%. There's real discipline underneath that number. To be clear, if conditions stay constructive, we intend to take full advantage of that. We will lean in, bringing forward investments and other actions that will create value for our shareholders over the medium term. As I said in my opening, a stronger environment isn't just upside to report, it's an opportunity that we're going to put to work. I'm very comfortable with our 10%-11% number. I'm good at math. 13% for a half and 10%- 11% would mean significantly lower in the second half. I'm just trying to get at, is that conservatism based on, like you said, 20% seasonality and more this year because the first half was so good? I just want to get our collective mindset in the right spot. Is the second half possibly a single digit to 10% return with no additional investment? Well, thank you, Glenn. I'll take this one. Even though I may disappoint you, not giving you the precise math on every month in the forthcoming couple of quarters. I think it's a fair question, just to emphasize a couple of things that I think Jane just mentioned. You alluded to them too. Number one is there's a pocket of uncertainty that we want to make sure that we navigate and we're able to learn, we've spoken about this in the past, even for our near-term and medium-term targets, that we want to be able to deliver under a variety of environments. Secondly, the seasonality that you just mentioned, I alluded to in my remarks, especially as it relates to Markets. Not only, because other businesses also have pockets of seasonality, but Markets is the more pronounced one. The third one is what Jane just spoke about, which is making sure that we have the flexibility to take advantage of those opportunities if the Markets are constructive. That could come in a couple of flavors. We've spoken about the investment themes at Investor Day a couple of months ago across each of the five businesses. We will consider leaning into those and accelerating more of those. You will remember that I spoke about sources of structural efficiency to fund our growth over the next couple of years. We may look at accelerating some of the structural efficiency actions and, in that case, take more severance in the second half. As you can see, so far to date, we're already at $800 million for half of the year. We're already basically at the level that we were a year ago. If we see opportunities, we may do a bit more than we originally envisioned. The third piece, as Jane was mentioning actions as well, is we will also look not only at structural efficiency opportunities, but it could also be structural funding opportunities. If we see any opportunities to take actions to improve our funding profile over the long run, we will do those. You saw us do a little bit of that in the second quarter where we tendered for $1.2 billion of debt. We will look at those opportunities, to Jane's point, not to maximize the waypoint, but to actually look at the durability of the returns going forward. Thank you. Your next question will come from Mike Mayo with Wells Fargo. Your line is now open. Please go ahead. Hi. Gonzalo, if you're going to be the Messi of CFOs, I think we need to understand a little bit more about your prior answer. I think what you're saying is you'll use the excess earnings above what you had expected to front-load or accelerate structural changes that will improve your future funding efficiency and growth. The problem is, again, 13% return the first half of the year, that would imply 9% the second half of the year. Efficiency, 57% in the first half of the year to get to 60%, that would imply maybe 63%. I think what the stock market's saying right now, I think what we're hearing is that you're guiding for a much worse second half of the year than the first half, and that may or may not be your intention. If you could simply clarify what you really are saying about the expenses, and what areas would you like to accelerate spending on when it comes to revenue growth? Thank you. Mike, let me just jump in here. What we're saying is we're focused on the near-term and the medium-term targets, not on the waypoint. I can't imagine there's an investor that doesn't want us to make sure that we are taking full advantage of the market conditions, particularly if they're good in the second half, to be able to make the investments and take actions that will drive growth for the next number of years. That's the message that the Street should be taking from this. Gonzalo, over to you. I think that's 100% in sync with what we're saying. We're not saying, Mike, that we're expecting a worse second half. There is seasonality to it. If you look at the historicals, you'll be able to see it. That plays through not only on the revenues that I highlighted in my remarks as it relates to Markets. You'll see that playing through generally in returns and operating efficiency over the recent period of time in the past. What we're looking forward to is, to Jane's point, making sure that we put the opportunity to work where we see a chance in order to really solidify that path to near-term and medium-term returns, which is the ultimate goal. It's really driving the durability and the improvement that we want to drive in order to close the gap with our peers, as we said we intend to do. We're playing the long game. Right. A separate question related to your remediation efforts. Yep. Last quarter, you said you're 90%+ done. Do you expect it to be 100% done sometime in the near term? I think you said that at Investor Day. Are you at 93%, 99%? When do you think you get to 100% and you turn it over to the regulators to make their decision? I'm not going to get into the game of whether we're at 95%, 96%, 97%. We are largely now operating at the Citi target state. I think the important piece I mentioned in my opening remarks is a large amount of our work on the consent order successfully passed through audit validation this past quarter. Therefore, can get handed over to our regulators. As you know, we've still got remaining work that relates to enhancing data governance, particularly for regulatory reporting, and we continue to make steady progress on it. In terms of the timing of the removal of the consent orders, that is fully at the discretion of our regulators, both in terms of reviewing the work that we've done as we hand it over, and then going through their closure process. That takes time. I do reemphasize for our investors, whenever we complete each body of work, we begin taking down the remediation expenses, and you can see that in our expense line. It's creating the capacity to further invest in the businesses. That's the additional $5 billion of investments that we talked about in May, and we don't need to wait for the orders to close to do this. That is happening already. Your next question will come from Ken Usdin with Autonomous Research. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Thanks. Hi. I have a question on the NII side, on the ex-Markets basis. Strong start also here in the first half of the year where you're already above the 5%-6% in the first half, and the target growth continues the pace, obviously, as you discussed, especially in services. I want to understand also, do you have any conservatism in terms of that outlook, in terms of why you may not be able to do better than that 5%-6% on the core NII ex-Markets given the trends that we're already seeing so far? Thanks. Thank you very much, Ken, for the question, and good morning to you. We can see through NII ex-Markets is a good window into, number one, our strategy working, number two, the operating rigor. Yes, we continue to be constructive on our progress forward, and we're comfortable with the guidance that we provided would be the short answer. Just to unpack that for a bit. Just to recap the guidance for everyone. The guidance on NII ex-Markets for the year is 5%-6% revenue growth. That's anchored by mid-single digit growth in the underlying drivers. In the second quarter, our NII ex-Markets growth was 6%, so it's within the range of the guidance that we provided for the second quarter. That's in line with seeing deposits growing at about 12% on average. As you mentioned, services, really good momentum at 19%, Wealth 4%, most of it coming from the Private Bank. Loans growing in that mid-single digit range at around 6% for the quarter year-on-year, supported by services, cards, and Wealth. When we step back and we look at the picture of NII ex-Markets, we're comfortable with that guidance. Shahmir alluded to this in our Investor Day as it relates to not expecting that deposit growth that we've seen at 19% will not normalize over a period of time. We expect that normalization to play through. We're pleased with the trajectory we're seeing. Of course, services had a very strong quarter. We reached $1 trillion in deposits for the first time ever. The good news about that is that those deposits are coming from operating deposits. We're not chasing low-value deposits. The team has been very disciplined on pricing, and that's why you're seeing the NII pop up there. Thank you. Okay. Just one follow-up. You mentioned on potentially some additional severance in the second half. Can you remind us of just the severance you took year quarter to date in the first half? Maybe you can help us about the type of magnitude of severance that you might book in the second so we can kind of understand also some of that, like you said, to get future efficiencies, right? Help us understand how bulky that might be in terms of being run rate year. Thanks. Yes. No, thank you. While we may not provide exact guidance on what we expect from the second half of severance, let me recap a little bit what we had said and the position that we're in now. The first quarter was about $500 million. The second quarter just now is another $300 million for an $800 million year to date. You're kind of seeing the acceleration of those actions play through in the headcount. You see it there on slide five. To recap, last year it was about $800 million also. When we gave guidance for the year, we expect it to be at around that same level or slightly below from prior year. Obviously, sitting here now, and to the point that Jane and I were making, we will still be open-minded about the second half if we see opportunities. If I anchor it back to what we said a couple of months ago at Investor Day, remember what I said about structural efficiencies to help fund those investments that we want to make over the near term are anchored in three legs, right? Leg number one is stranded cost, and you're seeing those already come down from the $1.3 billion a year ago to about a run rate of $800 million if you look at our second quarter numbers for $200 million that you can annualize. We talked about transformation cost, and Jane just mentioned that as we reach completion of the programs, we're taking action on the portion of the transformation cost that is temporary. That sits in corporate other. I had mentioned that at Investor Day. You remember the peak was $3.3 billion of that total expense. About half of those sit in corporate other, which are the ones that are temporary in nature, not the ones that are structural in nature. We're starting to see those come down. The third leg of that structural efficiency push is the productivity opportunities that we see from technology and AI automation. I spoke about how we have more than 100 + processes that we're mapping end to end where we see opportunities for further automation. We look at this every week. Anand, our COO, and Tim Ryan, our Head of Technology, and we're very purposely trying to make progress on that. As we see opportunities, and if we see opportunities, this is what I was referring to. I'm trying to connect the dots here. In the second half to accelerate some of those productivity opportunities, we may take more severance in the second half, but we're not providing a specific number now. Thank you. Our north star with all of this is pulling forward higher sustainable returns. Your next question will come from Ebrahim Poonawala with Bank of America. Your line is now open. Please go ahead. Hey, good morning. Hi, Ebrahim. I guess maybe, Gonzalo, just to follow up, I think, and hey, Jane. On this, I think the stock's down 5%. I think to Mike's question earlier about the back half being worse than the first half, I understand that's not what the message was. The message was, if the revenue environment is stronger, you're going to take advantage of that by investing. Maybe as we look through in terms of the momentum you had in the first half, yet there's some seasonality as we look into the third quarter and later in the year. Is there an obvious reason? Is the point here that if the revenue backdrop is strong, we could still maybe replicate the strength more or less that we've seen in the first half? Should we be expecting a stair-step shift due to two reasons, one, seasonality, and second, the pull forward in the investments that you've talked about multiple times this call? Thanks. Well, good morning, Ebrahim, and thanks very much. Maybe let me start by not reiterating, but emphasizing a couple of points. The first one is we're pleased to see, and we are not expecting to stop, just to be clear, the commercial intensity that we're driving, our execution rigor and focus, the already good results we're seeing from past investments. We're not planning on that to stop. Of course, if the environment is constructive, we expect to see continued momentum, right? I spoke for a minute just now about NII. We have good momentum in our Services business where we're seeing good engagement and higher win rates with new mandates, deepening relationships with existing clients, and some of the investments that we made on our platform paying off. We had a very good quarter in Markets. As you can see, we're making investments in talent, in technology. The market is constructive. It's good to see the business model working in a diversified way so that not every cylinder needs to be firing completely in order to have very good results as we just did. Banking, some of the investments we're making, the momentum, the intensity, the business driving in the business playing through. You're seeing the improvement on Wealth, right, in terms of the returns being driven there, both NNIA growing at 9%, our deposits growing, our NII growing. Many of those things have an element of sustainability in them as well. Cards, I mentioned a little bit of the dynamics because we are trying to invest in the business. You can look at the drivers, even for the last few quarters, not just the ones this quarter that have the element of Barclays and American Airlines' portfolio coming in. They're healthy because we're investing in the business, and we know that's a high-returning business. All those things we expect to continue to play through in the second half. The only thing we're saying is that we want to make sure that we are accounting for uncertainty, we're accounting for seasonality, and we have the flexibility to position the firm even better for the future to come. Got it. Maybe just Gonzalo, I think you talked about the USCC in the back half around revenue versus expenses. If you don't mind double-clicking on that in terms of the trend we should expect in the back half, and just over a more longer period of time, what you expect on the revenue versus expense trajectories there. Yes. No, thank you for the question. I think when you look at cards, there's a couple of things that stand out to me, and you can see them in the second quarter, so you can actually anchor them on numbers which you've seen. The first thing is, we spoke about how through the cycle return target for our cards business is low 20s. The first principle for us is the returns discipline. Right? You can see that while we're investing, and I'll talk about that more in a second, we're keeping that high focus on returns and the rigor. This is true across our proprietary book, but also every single one of our partner relationships. You've seen us, as Pam mentioned at Investor Day, exit relationships that don't pass our return target. That discipline to me is super important. Even in a quarter where you can see our investment level, you still can see a 22% return there, high for our firm. The second piece is, we spoke about our strategy. Our strategy had two components, two big elements that we spoke about. One of them was the shift towards general purpose credit cards. That's being driven by the customer behavior. You see it in the drivers. If you look at the bottom right side of the cards page, which is page 12, you can see the bifurcation of the drivers. Those are the customers telling us how their behavior is driving the business. You can see that already in our numbers. At the end of last year, 82% of our book was general purpose cards. This quarter, we are at 84%. Over time, you're going to continue to see us increase that purely because one is going to grow faster than the other. The second leg is we said we're going to make investments. Now you're seeing that play through this quarter. As I mentioned in my earlier remarks, you can expect that over the next few quarters, there's going to be a few quarters where the expense growth will be greater than the revenue growth. You should know that we're comfortable with that because number one, we're keeping the return focus very sharp. Number two, we know that these investments pay off. This is a deliberate choice to invest in a high returning business while keeping that return focus in the forefront. Last piece I'll mention on investments. As a reminder, the investments in the card business, they play both in terms of expenses, they also have a contra revenue component because a lot of the acquisition activity plays as a contra revenue, right? What you're seeing us do is you're seeing us invest in acquisitions. You're seeing us invest in our product capabilities, into our client experience, into the loyalty and engagement, which is something that is key so that we can be top of wallet, as well as in our partnerships as we did with the Barclays portfolio as well. Those key pieces are critical. You are seeing us co-brand airport lounges with American Airlines into the U.S. You can already see in a few airports. You're seeing us lean forward in a business that is high return. Thank you very much. Your next question will come from John McDonald with Truist. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Yes, hi. Good morning. Gonzalo, could you remind us in terms of the capital target, you mentioned 12.6% for now. In Investor Day, you noted 13.1% by 2028 to accommodate a higher G-SIB. Broader, what could lead that to be better along the way between potential rule changes, structural improvement for Citi, and maybe your own lowering of your own discretionary buffer? Give us some thoughts on the capital path, please. Sure. Thanks very much, John, for the question. Good morning to you. Yes, just to recap where we are in this quarter. We're at 12.8% CET1. That's 120 basis points above our regulatory requirement of 11.6%, as you mentioned. Thank you also for reminding everyone about the 13.1%, because of course, what we embedded as far as capital assumptions for our return targets in the near and medium term equates to the reality and the regulatory regime that we're operating under today. We didn't bake in any assumptions about what would look like potentially. I think you hit on a couple of those areas already, but let me piece them out a little bit. Of course, we're waiting for the finalization of the rules as it relates to Basel III, to G-SIB, and in particular, DSPV. As I mentioned in the past, Basel III and G-SIB provide us in our early analysis with a moderate net positive position, and that emanates from, on the positive side, the G-SIB coefficient playing through, as well as some of the RWA weights in retail and corporate, and that is partially mitigated by the operating risk and the market's risk factors that I think a lot of people are familiar with at this point. That could be one element that plays through. The second piece is the stress capital buffer. The stress capital buffer, there's a couple of vectors there. One of them is, of course, the final rules, and we think there should be opportunities for us to benefit from that when they become final. Importantly, more within our control, hopefully the DFAST's results, even if they don't take hold really for this year, and we will see on the back of the new rules in October 2027, the real changes, hopefully as a signal. You can take away, and that's how we saw it, the 30 basis point improvement, the third year in a row of improvement of that SCB that came for us down from the 4.3% to the 3.6% that we're under right now, and the DFAST results that just came out take it down to another 30 basis points through 3.3%. That tells you how the strategy is working, right? We talked about this at Investor Day. Strategy working in terms of we have exited the international consumer franchises, number one. Number two, our PPNR position continued to sequentially improve year after year, our loss absorption capacity improved. Even in the absence of any model enhancements that come out from the rules, you can see our strategy at work already also being a tailwind, we hope that those two factors will play through an important role. To your last point on the buffer, I think, of course, we will wait until all three sets of rules are solidified to evaluate our position. For now, we're comfortable where we are and we're managing to around that target of 100 basis points that we mentioned before. Thank you. Okay, maybe a follow-up on that is on the DTA utilization. Could you give some more color on what drove the nice step down in DTA this quarter? Just a reminder of the path that you're hoping to see over the next two years for that to come down from, I think, ending this year at $13 billion, going down to $7 billion. Yes, thanks very much for the question. We know that DTA is an area where we have to demonstrate the performance because the last couple of years we have not consumed as much. Hopefully you're starting to see a couple of dots there on the page. Just to recap briefly, our starting position at the end of last year was $13.9 billion of the disallowed portion of the DTA. Our position right now is $13.4 billion. Year to date, we have consumed about $500 million of that. As a reminder, there's carryback support that builds up in Q1 and starts to wear off during the year, so you have an element of that playing through. Our U.S. profitability that we disclosed last year was about $4 billion. This year we expect to make good progress in that. You heard from all my colleagues, the business heads, talk about it at Investor Day. You're seeing it play through in the second quarter, right? When you look at the deposit growth in services, the 19%, a good portion of that growth comes from North America. When you're seeing the strong quarters in Markets and banking, a good portion of activity in both of those businesses comes from the U.S. The improvement in returns from Wealth, right? Wealth coming from 7.7% to 10.8% to now 14.4% RoTCE. A good portion of that activity comes from the improvements in the affluent business in the retail bank and across the franchise that is North America centric. Finally, of course, the high returns in cards, which are also improving year-on-year. All of those areas and the focus, I've spoken about before how Jane has made sure that we are all held accountable in our scorecards for this, will hopefully over time demonstrate to you through the numbers how that comes through. As I always say internally, I repeat it externally, you need two dots to draw a line. We're pleased to see the first dot here in the second quarter. We look forward to continue to demonstrate progress in this space. Sorry, final reminder, I guided earlier in the year that the full year target was $800 million of burn down of DTA, so we've done $500 million of the $800 million year-to-date. Thank you. Your next question will come from Manan Gosalia with Morgan Stanley. Hi. Good morning, good afternoon. For the elevated investment spend in the back half of the year, can you help us with any specifics there in terms of these specifically investments you were planning to make in 2027 that you now have the opportunity to do in the back half of the year? I guess how quickly do you expect to see the returns of this higher investment spend? Does that give you the ability to get to the medium-term targets maybe sooner than before? At Investor Day, we laid out the specific investments that we're making in quite a lot of detail. We'll be looking at what are the opportunities to pull some of those forward, as we talked about, and it would be pretty well across the board. There's nothing specifically. I also do want to emphasize, we are not looking at anything inorganic. I think I've been very clear about that at Investor Day and in the last couple of earnings calls. When we're talking investments, these are purely organic. Manan, just assume we're looking at a number of the different investments we talked about, where we can pull them forward. As Gonzalo alluded, if there's any severance and other pieces as we accelerate productivity gains, we'll do so too. Got it. Thank you. Maybe if we can talk about pipelines in investment banking, clearly very strong performance here. I think you noted that M&A pipelines are strong. If you can talk about in general how you're seeing revenue opportunities across that business as we look out into the next year or so. Look, the level of activity is very strong. The pipeline is very healthy. We're also in a financial market that's sort of looking for reasons to buy. I think the central CEO question right now across sectors is do we invest for growth now or are we preserving optionality? AI is dominating a lot of the conversations. Tech, data center, energy, defense, CapEx is accelerating. Companies are accessing the public equity and bond Markets alongside bank debt in size. SK hynix, for example, last week is another testament to that. An offering, by the way, that we led. Wherever there's a bottleneck in that whole energy power compute memory ecosystem, we're seeing a lot of activity. We have to see. We'll probably have the summer lull, as everyone takes a bit of a break. We'll have midterms coming up, the wild card really is geopolitics. We're certainly entering the second half with a good pipeline. Your next question will come from Jim Mitchell with Seaport Global. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Hey, good afternoon. Maybe just a follow-up on capital. As you noted, the stress test, you saw about 30 basis points of improvements based on similar rules to last year. Seems like model enhancements are likely to lower the volatility in the SCB going forward and likely improve it. Profitability is getting better. We'll have more certainty on the other regulations. Is there a time when you start to question a 100 basis points buffer, I guess is my question. Can you run a thinner buffer and use that excess capital while your stock is still at the low tangible book multiple, still kind of in the low 1.5 x range? Yeah. Let me reemphasize what Gonzalo said earlier. We're not looking at changing the buffer right now. There's quite a lot of uncertainty in certainly the geopolitical and other environment. We're not looking at changing it. We are looking forward to the continued strengthening of our PPNR, the continued lower stress losses, and also getting the models to be an accurate reflection of our business. We think they overstate risk in a number of areas. Treatment of our DTA is a sizable example. Double counting of operational market risk is also another area that has a sizable impact. The biggest upside is going to come from what we hope we will see, which is the new models coming out that are an accurate reflection of the actual risk, and that will have the biggest impact on SCB. Until they're issued, we won't know. Obviously, we hope G-SIB will be addressed better than it has been in the initial proposal. Okay. Fair enough. Okay. Just in cards and consumer, delinquency is down despite sort of fears, I guess, that many have had around rising inflation and the impact on the consumer. What are you seeing in consumer credit and consumer behavior, and does it look like these favorable trends are continuing? Yes. Thank you. I think a couple of thoughts there. First, we're seeing a stable credit environment. The U.S. consumer is showing up as, and I know I sound like a broken record from a few quarters, but the U.S. consumer has been resilient, right? You can see that through the spend. Even if you take out in our spend the part of the Barclays American Airlines book this quarter, you still see a 6%-7%, and ex-gas inflation in the quarter, you're hearing around 6%. That's very healthy as it relates to the spend and in line or on the higher end versus the last few quarters. When you look at the delinquencies and the net credit losses, you can see that across the portfolios, right, both delinquency and credit losses are down year-over-year, so across kind of the four key metrics. When we look at our leading indicators of collections and the usual pockets that you look at when you're trying to seek for stress, you're really seeing an environment that is stable. As Jane mentioned in her remarks, credit has been in line or better than our expectations. That's also why when we guided the range for this year, the 4%-4.5%, we anchored it on, I know we used to look at the business with a slightly different lens, but if you do the math, this is a lower range than the one we've had in the past, and that's a reflection of how we're seeing the environment. As you know, because of the write-off rules, which are 180 and 120, depending on a card or a loan, we have a pretty decent sense as what the rest of the year paints, and we see that pocket of stability. Again, subject to the watch-outs, right? You mentioned some of them, right? The watch-out on inflation and what happens with that, which I know we had a better read just now. What's the relationship between that inflation and the wages, right? The savings rate, impact on that for clients, and ultimately the unemployment, which has been relatively in equilibrium for the last few reads. We're constantly looking at that. So far, it's a constructive environment. Thank you. Your next question will come from Erika Najarian with UBS. Hi. Thank you for taking my question. Just one follow-up, and it was actually part of Manan's question. We're hearing you loud and clear in terms of the second half investment spend. I guess the question I wanted to re-ask is, Jane, you're not focused on the waypoint, you're focused on the near term, which is 11%-13% RoTCE in 2027, 2028, and 14%-15% medium term. Sort of pulling forward the investment agenda, will that enable you to not just hit those return targets, but potentially be sort of in the better half of that range? Additionally, does the consent order getting lifted free up additional expenses that you can reinvest back into the franchise? Hey, Erika. Look, the possible outperformance that we've been seeing and the benefit, it allows us the optionality to invest or pull forward where that makes sense. If we didn't see accretive opportunities. We, of course, let it play through the bottom line and to the return side. I think the message you should be taking away loud and clear is we're seeing opportunities to invest that will be driving higher sustainable returns, and we're going to take advantage of that opportunity. Don't read anything more into it. In terms of the consent order, the timing of the lifting is in the hands of the regulators, not in ours. The timing of taking the expenses down is in ours, and we have begun to do so. As we finish the different bodies of work, we take those expenses down, those are helping us fund further investments into the businesses. That is all ticking along nicely. That's all for me. Thank you. Thanks, Erika. Next question will come from David Chiaverini with Jefferies. Hi. Thanks for taking the questions. You had strong growth in deposits this quarter, and good to see the cost of interest-bearing deposits stable at 2.71%. How should we think about deposit costs going forward? Thanks very much, David, and good afternoon to you. Let me piece that out maybe between the two large businesses that are driving our deposit base. We have Services, where I was mentioning a little bit earlier. We were able to drive 19% growth year-over-year on average deposits and reaching our $1 trillion milestone there. I mentioned a little bit briefly, but a good portion of those are operating deposits. When you think about pricing and rates and also what to expect going forward, at least as based on what we're seeing as of now, is yes, with an environment that's pointing to a bit higher for longer, we have seen some catch-up pricing. As I mentioned earlier, the betas are well within our expectations. They are in line with what we thought they would be. Shahmir and the team have been very disciplined on pricing. What is pleasing for me to see and what gives me comfort is that we're not chasing low-value deposit volume, and that these share gains come from really driving those operating deposits across both international and North America. When you look at the spread, in addition to the pricing dynamics, the more we grow North America, just because it's a more competitive market, not because you're giving away price, in relationship to international, you may see some mix factor playing a role there. Other than that, I think generally working well in line with expectations, a little bit of catch-up. The team is all over the pricing, and we're comfortable that our competitive advantage, which is really driving those operating deposits across our payment network, really plays through. On the Wealth side, similarly, Andy, very thoughtful about pricing there. The only highlight I would mention in terms of customer behavior that we have to monitor for as it relates to how rates evolve, especially if they go up, is how much of those clients are seeking yield. You do see pockets of customers seeking yield. Sometimes you may see it more as synthetic beta in terms of mix shifting into time deposits. We have a couple of pockets of that, but as you can see from the NII, pretty robust and generally spreads expanding in our business in Wealth. Comfortable with the position that we're in and what we're seeing there, and very important that we will keep that discipline very thoughtfully. Thank you. Great. Thanks for that. Shifting over to the Services business, very strong growth and momentum this quarter at 18% year-over-year revenue growth. Can you frame this level of growth relative to your medium-term outlook from the Investor Day of low to mid-single digit? What might lead you to see slower growth towards that guide from Investor Day? Well, thanks for the question. It is a good question, David. I think some version of that Shahmir alluded to at Investor Day as well. There are a couple of factors that probably play a role into how we think about it over the longer range. One of the primary ones is the normalization of that deposit growth. If you look at the deposit growth between 2022 and 2025, the annualized growth rate there was about 3%. We are hitting and we are very pleased to, with the momentum, the commercial intensity, and the investments playing through, we are seeing a growth spurt for the last several quarters. That puts us in the position in Q2 at 19%. We do expect some normalization. As Shahmir mentioned a little bit earlier, we are not expecting that we will grow at 4x-5x money supply over a long period of time. At the same time, we continue to make investments, and we are pleased with the momentum that we are seeing in the drivers that underpin that NII. On the NIR front, where this quarter services delivered 16%, and you are seeing there a combination of the cross-border transactions, and how customers are thinking about their supply chains and global commerce playing through. At the same time, the work that we are doing on security services and how we are driving that, and that obviously has an element of deposits but has an element of AUCs and AUAs. There you have a combination. You have alpha, of course, because we have very good win rates on new mandates and deepening relations with existing clients. Some of those are public. There is also a pocket of beta with market valuations as well. As you think through the near term, and remember, the one reminder for the near term and the medium term is that I mentioned this a couple of months ago at Investor Day, is we have planned for our returns and our targets to be delivered under a range of different environments. One of the things that we are thoughtful about it, we are not assuming just because we are sitting at a high part of the mountain with the sun shining and the wind on our backs, even how constructive the environment has been across the industry. We are not assuming that that will perpetuate over the next few years. We are looking and being thoughtful about for a range of outcomes, we will still be able to deliver the returns and the growth that we promised. If you ask me, are there scenarios where you could do better? Yes, there are, but it is also partially market dependent. Thank you. Your next question will come from Vivek Juneja with JP Morgan. Hi, Gonzalo and Jane. Just a clarification. Gonzalo, you mentioned something about when you were talking about expenses, like historically, revenues Markets have fallen stand in the second half versus first half. Given all the comments we're hearing from other banks too, about pipelines being very strong, which could therefore drive probably market revenues to hold up better than expected. Could we see less of a seasonal- Vivek- Impact this- Vivek, you're breaking up a bit. Can you repeat the question? Okay. Sorry. Yes. Gonzalo mentioned that historically you've seen market revenues decline 20% in second half versus the first half. Given the comments we're hearing from you as well as others about how pipelines and market conditions are looking very good, is that historical decline less likely to occur as it has in the past? And then the efficiency ratio increase that one has seen in the Markets business in the second half versus first half historically, may that be lesser given what's going on in the overall market environment, both IB as well as Markets? Well, thank you, Vivek. The conversation was breaking up quite a bit, but I think I got a good portion of it. Let me have a go, and you tell me if I answered the question or I didn't, if that's okay with you, because it was breaking up quite a bit. Just to recap, I think you answered a question on our view on the second half for Markets, and you were anchoring on my remarks around how historically, we see a 20% decline or thereabouts between the second half and the first half. I thought one part of your question was, because you're seeing, across the industry and decline momentum being strong, could that be less of a decline this year, right, versus what I said in my remarks? If I got that right? Yes. Perfect. Sorry about the bad connection. No, no worries. Thank you. First of all, it's very hard to take a position, especially in the Markets business, because you know that, from experience, that this can swing in a relatively short period of time to a negative position for the industry as a whole. It's hard to look forward to six months or five and a half months and say, with certainty it's going to land on one way or the other. The historical analysis tells us that 20% that I shared before. You could take one point of view, could be, right, as highlighted in my remarks, that first half has been very strong. Right? If that doesn't repeat, apples to apples, if the second half, just putting seasonality to the side, if the environment is not as constructive in the second half as in the first half, you would expect a decline once you layer on the seasonality on top of it, that could be worse than the 20%, half on half. You could also take a different view and say, Hey, if this continues to be this constructive, right, where clients are very active in the equity space, and we continue to see good momentum in spreads and currencies as we saw this quarter, and we see those pockets remain robust, could you be better than the 20%? It's not an impossibility either, right? I'm not going to sit here and tell you that that's not possible. The historical tells us 20%, first half was really strong. You will need to have an equally constructive set of external parameters in order to justify narrowing that seasonal decline, I guess is what I would say, if that makes sense. Right. Thank you. Thank you. Our next question will come from Gerard Cassidy with RBC. Good afternoon, Jane. Hi, Gonzalo. Hi, Gerard. Hi, Gerard. Jane and Gonzalo, can you share with us, when you think of Citigroup as a unique lens, as a U.S.-domiciled bank on the global view, and your services business in particular is obviously very engaged globally and had a very, very strong quarter. Can you share with us, how are the companies being able to produce such strength in view of the geopolitical situation being fairly intense or elevated? Is it because they've learned lessons from the pandemic, and they're just better managed and more conservative? What's your guys' take on the health of that global corporate customer? Yeah. I do believe that the global corporate client base that we serve has been the source of resiliency as well as growth. They have extremely strong balance sheets. They have diversified revenue streams, so they're able to balance out tariffs and the various shocks that have come through. Everyone's just learned how to be very adept at supply chain sort of repositioning and adjustments, and to energy shocks and other elements coming through. They're just very adept at getting their business models to adapt swiftly to whatever is thrown at them. We see that pretty consistently around the world. If you're a European company, you've got very low growth in Europe. They're focused on the U.S., and on Asia for growth. In the States, a lot of roads are leading here, so companies are getting a lot of growth from the multiple innovations that are occurring in the States and the continued resiliency of the U.S. consumer. China is deriving a lot of its strength from the export intensity and Chinese companies growing rapidly abroad. Finally, the AI-driven electronics upcycle is a genuine tailwind for many parts of Asia. There's a lot of different dynamics here that are really benefiting. The unique client base that Citi serves, and that coming through in their growth as well as in their balance sheet strength. Just tying into that, Jane, obviously many of us on the call understand the environment in the U.S. and the supportive regulatory environment when it comes to M&A. This administration seems to be supportive of M&A. Do you see that in other parts of the world, governments being as supportive of facilitating business growth and allowing consolidation? In a word, no. Europe is almost the opposite. They're not allowing the emergence of emerging market champions. You're seeing much more national consolidation at best in Europe, which is a shame. We need Europe to be strong these days. In Asia, you're seeing some, but the U.S. is unique in the American entrepreneurs innovation, the breadth and depth of the funding markets here and the investor base, as well as how much American companies are on the front foot in AI and transformation, and that is also driving some of the boldness we see. It's a good environment. Your next question will come from Matt O'Connor with Deutsche Bank. Hi. You guys have successfully exited about half of Banamex, and I think you said further exits will be after this year. Just wondering what the latest thoughts are on the timing and why not maybe sooner, just given the positive macro backdrop and successful exit of half. Yeah. Thanks for the question, Matt. We don't expect any additional sales in 2026, and that's intentional. It gives us and the new investor group the runway to drive value creation, and we're already seeing some of that performance kicked in. Gonzalo alluded to it in legacy franchise. Mexico's been improving in its performance. We expect to deconsolidate our ownership in early 2027, followed by an IPO as and when market conditions allow and further sell downs. Okay. Just remind us, in terms of how much capital might still be freed up. Obviously, it's a little bit dependent on the valuation. You also have capital against the business, maybe just give us a rough estimate at kind of current valuation, how much capital will be freed up to offset the earnings give up. Thanks. Yeah. Just before we get there, I do remind you when we do deconsolidate, we'll take a big CTA hit. That is capital neutral. I think that very much bears repeating for the beginning of 2027. Gonzalo, over to you. Yes. Thank you. The short answer on the capital piece is around $5 billion and the RWA tied up there is about almost $40 billion, a little bit over $40 billion of RWA. Thank you. Our next question will come from Saul Martinez with HSBC. Hi. Thanks for taking my question. Just one question, but I wanted to hover on the investment theme as it relates to the cards business. You've invested there quite a bit. You rolled out the Strata Card. You bought the Barclays portfolio. When I look at your business versus your best-in-class peers, Capital One, Amex, they're spending I think around $6 billion in marketing. Chase is in sort of that mid-single digit billions in marketing. I know there's probably some differences in terms of reporting and accounting classification. Is it an acknowledgement that maybe you need to be more aggressive on promotions, marketing campaigns, benefits? Just how should we think about the magnitude of the incremental investment in the second half that you talked about, Gonzalo? You mentioned expenses exceeding revenues, but that was already the case in this quarter, I think. Just is there any way to sort of think about the size of the headwind going forward, or the size of the investment going forward, you said? Yep. Let me kick that one off. Yes, is in a short word, we are going to be increasing our marketing spend. That scenario Pam laid out at Investor Day. We're making investments across the flywheel, so it is investing in our products, marketing for customer acquisitions. It's also in our partnerships. It's in our lifestyle platform. It's also importantly in AI to drive scale economics as well. All of this will translate into measurable growth. You can expect us to be increasing marketing spend to drive that customer acquisition for the long term. These things don't pay off quickly. I also want to clarify the positive op, when you talked about the operating leverage. That's only in cards. It's not for the rest of the businesses. Yes. Understood. Yeah, absolutely. Thanks, Saul. I don't think I have much to add. I think Jane was very clear. At this point, we're not providing guidance specifically on the level of investment in each of the businesses, including cards. As you know, and Jane just mentioned, this is a business that is built over several years. It is what you highlight in terms of competitors really spending a lot. It's a highly competitive space because obviously it's a space that allows you to access good returns. We are pleased to be number three or number four player, depending on what metric you look at, on an outstanding basis we're number three. Our focus, as we spoke about at Investor Day, is to really drive that growth and make share gains over the near and medium term. We're focused on that. You can see us playing a combination of the portfolio acquisition with Barclays and American Airlines, but also, even if you take that out, you can see us, and you alluded to the Strata portion of that, and there's a lot more behind that, as Jane just alluded to, on the loyalty front and so on. We're focused, high return in business, and we know it will take some time. Thank you. All right. Thank you. Your next question will come from Chris McGratty with KBW. Oh, thanks for fitting me in. Just on the Wealth business on slide 11, the improvement in the pre-tax margins year-over-year is notable, as is the NNA growth. Maybe a comment or two on what's changing. I know that you're investing here heavily. Any shares on recent wins would be great. Thanks. Yeah, look, I think it's not a lot of difference from what Andy laid out at Investor Day. They're doing a very good job steadily translating growth into returns. With revenues up 13% year-on-year, that's more like 16% normalized with those one-timers. You're seeing this translating into the higher returns. We've got a clear path to the 15%-20%. We've got a number of different drivers beneath that, be it the integration of the retail bank with Wealth, helping us drive more of the customer conversion from deposits to also having Wealth activity, as well as what we're seeing from capturing Wealth creation globally from our global network and the relationships we've got. It's kind of firing on all cylinders as we steadily march to improving the returns and margin of the business. Thank you. Your next question will come from Kunpeng Ma with China Securities. Good day. This is Kunpeng, China Securities. Thank you for taking my question. I have a follow-up on the services business for the very strong TTS net interest income growth. I believe besides the deposit volume growth, there must be some tailwind from the higher for longer rate environment, right? If we look forward, if it is not higher for longer for the rates, how can they forecast the mix of the TTS revenue growth in the future? Can we have more detailed breakdowns geographically of the performance of the Services business, beyond the ex-U.S. scope? Because I'm based in China, I can feel the very strong demand directly and personally for years. These markets are also very competitive. A lot of competitors here. It'll be super helpful if we can Yeah. Have some color on how Citi is growing your market share here. Yeah. Thank you. Yep. Look, we're not going to give a breakdown geographically for the business, but it's very fair to say that this is clearly with the growth you're seeing, a business that's firing not only on all cylinders, but also in all geographies. If you look at the institutional market share gain, we're up 120 basis points year-over-year. I'd also point to client wins. Client wins are up 36% year-over-year. We've been focusing on increasing share with asset managers. That is up 250%, and we've been increasing our share with fintechs. We've had growth of 20% there. A lot of the growth beyond the movements in rates has come from the innovation that we've been making in the product suite. Our clients choose Citi because we lead with innovation. As we lean into disruption, AI, blockchain, digital commerce, they're all opportunities for us to lead. They're not threats to us. AI is opening up many new vectors of growth and also competitive edge. In terms of as you're thinking about this business going forward, I think you can be feeling a lot of confidence about our continued momentum in fees, our continued momentum in volumes, the rates curve will be what the rates curve is. That's it, Jane. Thank you. Thank you. Our next question will be a follow-up from Mike Mayo with Wells Fargo. Hi. Let me try again on the investing question. Yeah. The real question is this accelerated second half investment spend for defense or is it for offense? Both. The bigger context is, look, you spent the entire decade on restructuring. You're almost done, except for reg data with modernization and part of Mexico out of the 14 country exit and org simplification is done. You did all this restructuring, and it sounds like, is this another sort of restructuring? Are you repairing some lost market share? Are you doing more with legacy systems? Is it defense or is this offense where you're spending more for AI and stablecoin and trying to gain even more share in payments or something? If you can give some context, this is the debate of the day. It is 100% on the offense. I was really clear in my opening remarks. This is a firm on the front foot. We laid out at Investor Day a very clear path for us to drive our returns further forward in each business. We have done so in the first half, and some. We've laid out a clear path of what are the investments and detailed them as to what it is we're going to be investing behind to continue to drive the growth for the near term and the medium term. I will reiterate again, those are all organic. I'm excited about what lies ahead for this firm. This is a firm that is much easier to manage. It is much easier to run. Mike, I can't tell you that it's impossible that we will exceed the 11%. We're just not going to box ourselves into that given that we see opportunity to take actions on the offense, which are accretive to shareholders and support our path to our medium-term targets. That is an easy decision for us. This is a firm that is growing nicely, as you can see. We're proud of what we're doing, and we are just going to keep going. The momentum is behind us, but we're going to take advantage of opportunities to bring investments forward, and not just manage to short-term numbers. We're playing the long game here. For our final question, we'll return to Gerard Cassidy with RBC. Thank you. Gonzalo, just a real technical question. On the second half incremental investment expense, can you ballpark what might be tied to severance expenses in that number? Is it a half, a third, a quarter? Thanks, Gerard. No, we're not giving guidance on the severance for the second half. What I can tell you is, I'm just going back to the first principles, right? Sharp focus on returns, as you heard from Jane, not only in the waypoint but also in the near term and medium term. Secondly, as I mentioned last quarter, very tight discipline on expenses on a tactical basis. You can expect us to continue to be very disciplined on expense management. The third piece is leaning into the structural efficiencies. As I mentioned a little bit earlier, only if we see opportunities for that acceleration, when we look at those 100+ processes that we're looking to further automate on an end-to-end basis. If we see opportunities for that, we may lean into that. At this point, we're not providing guidance on that. Thank you. There are no further questions. I will turn the call over to Jenn Landis for closing remarks. Thank you. Before we conclude, I would like to thank Jane, Mark, Gonzalo, Ed, and the entire investor relations team, especially Tom Rogers, for their trust, partnership, and support during my time leading investor relations. It has been truly a privilege to represent Citi and work with such dedicated teams across the firm. I thoroughly enjoyed the insightful conversations with our investors and analysts over the past five years. I'm delighted to welcome Margo as she takes on her new role, and I know the team will benefit greatly from her leadership and perspective. Thank you again for your partnership and support, and I'm sure you'll have lots of questions, so we look forward to talking to you this afternoon. Thank you. This concludes the Citi first quarter 2026 earnings call. You may now disconnect.