Good morning and welcome to Carrier's First Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. I would like to introduce your host for today's conference, Michael Rednor, Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead. Good morning and welcome to Carrier's First Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. On the call with me today are David Gitlin, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Patrick Goris, Chief Financial Officer. Except where otherwise noted, the company will speak to results from continuing operations, excluding restructuring costs, amortization of acquired intangibles, and certain significant non-recurring items such as acquisition and divestiture-rela ted costs. A reconciliation of these and other non-GAAP financial measures can be found in the appendix of the webcast. We also remind listeners that the presentation contains forward-looking statements which are subject to risks and uncertainties. Carrier's SEC filings, including our Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, provide details on important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially. One additional note, as you probably saw in both the press release and webcast presentation this morning, we announced our revised reportable segments and segment profitability measures, so we will be speaking to financials on this basis going forward. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to Dave. Thanks, Mike, and good morning, everyone. Let me start by thanking our 50,000 teammates for delivering another strong quarter. I'd also like to welcome Michael Gierges to our team. He is leading our Climate Solutions segment in the Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Africa region, and we are thrilled to have him on board. A strong and better-than-expected start to the year. Orders were up high single digits with double-digit orders growth in Climate Solutions Europe and Transportation. Within Climate Solutions Americas, sales in both Residential and Commercial were up about 20% each, more than offsetting weakness in Light Commercial. Global aftermarket remains on track for another year of double-digit growth following Q1 up 8%. Total company backlog was up about 10% year-over-year and 15% sequentially. The team continues to use Carrier Excellence to drive strong productivity with core earnings conversion of about 100% and 210 basis points of margin expansion. We drove 27% Adjusted EPS growth on 2% organic growth. Free cash flow was $420 million, and we returned about $1.5 billion to shareholders in the quarter through dividends and share repurchases, plus paid down $1.2 billion in debt with no additional maturities until 2027. Turning to slide 4, we made great progress on all three drivers of sustained growth: products, aftermarket, and systems. In terms of differentiated products, channels, and brands, we introduced Carrier's first air-cooled commercial heat pump in Europe, delivering high temperatures, increased energy efficiency, noise reduction, and enhanced operational performance, all of which address increased demand for district heating and cooling in Europe. Also, as we displayed at the recent ISH show in Frankfurt, we are gaining traction selling our Carrier-branded air-to-air residential heat pumps in Europe, leveraging Viessmann's channel. Aftermarket strength continues. We drove tremendous progress in the attachment rates on our commercial chillers, now surpassing 60% for the first time, and we now have over 50,000 connected chillers, up about 5,000 versus the prior quarter. Aftermarket for global Commercial HVAC was up about 10%, supported by mods and upgrades, which grew about 20%. We also introduced a smart device application for Lynx Fleet, providing increased real-time visibility, enhanced customer operational efficiency, and reduced costs while maintaining cold chain integrity. On systems, we introduced Viessmann Profi to accelerate and expand our HEM sales in Europe. Selling heat pumps versus boilers mix-up sales benefit of about 4 - 1. Selling complete systems versus boilers mix-up benefit of closer to 8 - 1, with more value to the homeowner, so we see this as a significant win-win opportunity for sustained growth and customer stickiness. For HEMS in the United States, we announced an exciting new partnership with Google to enhance grid resilience and support smarter energy management. By integrating Carrier HEMS technology with Google Cloud's AI and analytics, we will help increase the efficiency of the existing energy infrastructure, reduce grid congestion, unlock greater energy utilization, and reduce energy costs to the homeowner. Turning to slide 5 for an update on our Residential and Light Commercial business in Europe. Organic orders were up mid-teens, driven by strength in heat pumps, offset by a decline in boilers. Germany heat pump subsidy applications in Q1 were up significantly, the highest Q1 we have seen in the past five years. Our RLC Europe book to bill was 1.3, and our backlog was up 60% sequentially. Organic sales were down about 10% as we expected, and we project the RLC Europe business to return to modest growth in 2Q. Revenue synergies remain on track for about $100 million this year and about $200 million next year. Cost synergies also continue to be strong, and we are on track to achieve more than $200 million by the end of next year. A few comments on the recent election in Germany. We were pleased to see that the new coalition government is committed to the European Union's 2030 climate goals, which include a 55% reduction in carbon emissions, which will contribute to a continued shift to electric heating. Also encouraging is the coalition's continued support for heat pump subsidies and its EUR 500 billion infrastructure investments, including about EUR 100 billion for additional green investments. Importantly, the new government is also committed to bringing down electricity pricing by at least $0.05 per kilowatt, which is expected to bring the ratio of electricity to gas prices below 3. Further improving the ratio will be ETS2, where across Europe in 2027, we expect fossil fuel prices to increase. All in, we're pleased with improving heat pump demand and traction on our key growt h initiatives. A word on our guidance and the macro environment on slide six. Let me first say that we, of course, support free and fair trade. Also, Carrier is proud to be the largest US- domiciled player in our industry, and we've grown our domestic headcount by about 20% over the past five years, and we continue to invest in our U.S. workforce and factories. With respect to tariffs, virtually all of our imports from Mexico are USMCA- compliant. For the tariffs that are in effect today, China is about 80% of our exposure. As reflected in our guidance, we are fully mitigating our tariff exposure through supply chain and productivity actions with a balance of about $300 million via price, which represents a little over 1% of additional pricing. In addition, given the fluidity of the current market environment, we are taking additional cost containment measures. Based on our strong start to the year and current FX rates, we are increasing our full-year Adjusted EPS guide to $3-$3.10, which is up about 20% year-over-year. As always, our team is committed to taking the actions needed to deliver on our commitments to our customers and investors. You saw this when we addressed COVID and supply chain disruptions, and we are confident that you'll see us do the same here. Importantly, while we remain clear-eyed and prudent given the current macroeconomic uncertainty, we will remain laser-focused on our customers and continue to invest in differentiation and solutions to drive sustained outsized growth for years to come. With that, I will turn it over to Patrick. Thank you, Dave, and good morning, everyone. Please turn to slide seven. As Dave mentioned, we had a strong start to the year with earnings ahead of our expectations and the guide we provided in February. Reported Sales were $5.2 billion, with 2% organic sales growth, including about two points of price. The mix-up and volume was net neutral. We had an unfavorable 5% net impact from acquisitions and divestitures and a point of headwind from foreign currency. Organic sales were largely in line with expectations, with stronger-than-expected performance in Climate Solutions Americas, partially offset by weaker performance in Climate Solutions Asia, Middle East, and Africa. Europe and Transportation came in largely as expected. Q1 Adjusted Operating Profit increased 10% compared to last year, driven by strong productivity and price. As a result, Adjusted Operating Margin expanded by 210 basis points compared to last year. The absence of Commercial Refrigeration was about a 70 basis point tailwind to margin. Adjusted EPS of $0.65 was up 27% year-over-year and better than expected due to strong productivity performance. Compared to last year, Adjusted EPS growth was driven by improved Adjusted Operating Profit, lower net interest expense from deleveraging, and a lower share count. We have included a year-over-year Adjusted EPS bridge in the appendix on slide 19. Free cash flow of $420 million in the quarter was also stronger than expected, driven by higher net income, lower-than-expected seasonal working capital build, and lower capital expenditures. During the quarter, we repurchased $1.3 billion worth of shares, and in April, we repurchased an additional $320 million worth of shares. We continue to target $3 billion of share repurchases in 2025. Moving on to the segments, starting on slide 8. The CSA segment had a very strong quarter with organic sales growth of 9%. A bit more than half of the sales growth came from mix-up, the balance from price. Commercial ex-NORESCO and Residential strength continued, with organic sales in both businesses up around 20%. Within mix-up was the high single-digit organic growth benefit, with the balance split between volume and price. About 75% of our Resi volume was 454B, and we are realizing the mix-up. light commercial came in lower than expected, down around 35%, with a tough compare versus prior year, which was up about 20%. Adjusted Operating Margins expanded 420 basis points, driven by strong organic growth and productivity. Overall, CSA had an outstanding quarter. Moving to CSE on slide nine. About 75% of this segment sales represent Residential Light Commercial, or RLC, of which about 85% is represented by Viessmann Climate Solutions and 15% Legacy Carrier. Commercial represents about 25% of this segment sales. Organic sales in CSE were down 7%, with mid-single-digit growth in Commercial offset by about a 10% decline in RLC, largely in line with expectations. Adjusted Operating Margin declined 390 basis points, driven by lower volume, mix and investments partially offset by favorable cost synergies. At 9%, we are confident that we can and will drive significant margin improvement in this segment. We expect volumes to improve. We are addressing underperformance of Carrier's Legacy RLC business. Commercial margins are on an improving trend, and there is significant additional opportunity to streamline and drive synergies within the region. More on that at our upcoming investor day in a few weeks. Moving to the CSAME segment on slide 10. Organic sales were down 6%, driven by continued weakness in Residential China and parts of Southeast Asia, partially offset by growth in Japan and India. Within China, our Residential Light Commercial business was down around 20%, and Commercial was up low single digits. Both businesses faced challenging compares versus the prior year, which were both up around 10%. Despite the organic sales decline, Adjusted Operating Margin for this segment expanded 240 basis points as a result of productivity and the absence of a prior year unfavorable currency impact. Moving to CST on slide 11. Organic sales were up 2%, driven by container up 20%, partially offset by global truck and trailer, which was down low single digits, with over 30% growth in Asia, low single-digit declines in North America, and high single-digit decline in Europe. Adjusted Operating Margin expanded 210 basis points compared to the prior year, mainly due to the Commercial refrigeration exit. Turning to slide 12. Total company organic orders momentum continued, up high single digits. As you can see on the slide, we had high single-digit or double-digit orders growth in all segments but CSAME. Within AME, China orders were down high single digits, with a high teen decline in RLC and up mid-single digits in Commercial, where we continue to build backlog. Within Transportation, orders were up double digits, driven by global truck and trailer, where North America orders were very strong compared to last year. Overall, we ended Q1 with a robust longer cycle backlog in Commercial and continued broad orders momentum in over 85% of our business. Moving on to slide 13 and shifting to full-year organic sales guidance. We continue to expect mid-single-digit organic sales growth. Given current FX rates, Reported Sales are now expected to be a bit above $23 billion compared to $22.5-$23 billion in the February guide. Also, compared to the February guide, we now expect slightly higher organic sales in CSA, driven by tariff-related pricing, to be offset by lower volume, mainly in Light Commercial. No other material changes in our organic growth outlook. Moving to profit and cash guide on slide 14. At the top of the slide, you can see our margin expectation for each segment. Total company Adjusted Operating Margin expansion remains unchanged at about 100 basis points versus the prior year. I will cover Adjusted EPS on the next slide, but before I do, we are maintaining our estimate for free cash flow of between $2.4 billion and $2.6 billion, reflecting roughly 100% conversion. Moving to slide 15. We are increasing our Adjusted EPS guidance range by $0.5 to a new range of $3-$3.10. Stronger productivity and updated currency is partially offset by slightly lower expected volume. The net impact of tariffs is neutral. Some additional color on Q2. We expect sales of about $6 billion, 100 basis points of Adjusted Operating Margin expansion, and 20% Adjusted EPS growth. Additional guide items are in the appendix on slide 18. In summary, Q1 was a strong start to the year. For 2025, we anticipate solid mid-single digit organic sales growth, strong margin expansion, and close to 20% Adjusted EPS growth. With that, I would like to ask the operator to open the line for Q&A. Thank you. To ask a question, please press star one one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Our first question comes from Nigel Coe with Wolfe Research. Your line is open. Thanks. Good morning. 2Q Guidance, hot off the press. Just want to confirm, Patrick, you're sort of pointing towards $0.87 or so of EPS base case and about 5% core growth. For Q2, you mean, Nigel? For Q2, yeah. Q2 2025, yeah. Yes. Mid-single digit organic growth, sales of about $6 billion. I mentioned 100 basis points of margin expansion and roughly close to 20% Adjusted EPS growth. Yeah. That's great. Just given all the moving pieces across the portfolio, how does that mid-single digit look across the new segments? For Q2 or for the full year? For Q2, yeah. Let's do both. Let's do two first ones, yeah. Q2 and full year. Oh, sorry. Yeah, thanks. I'll start with Q2. We expect organic sales growth to pick up in the Americas, mid-teens. In Europe, the Europe segment, we expect Q2 to be up, as Dave mentioned, low to mid-single digits. In Asia, we expect another quarter of low single digit organic sales decline, and same for Transportation. That destitute for the overall company to mid-single digits may be a little bit better than that. For the full year, our organic guide for the overall company remains mid-single digits. For the Americas, we continue to expect high single digits. Europe, low single digits, same for Asia and Middle East. We expect organic growth to pick up in Transportation in the back half of the year. We expect Transportation to be up mid-single digits, organic growth for the full year. That's great. Just a quick follow-on on the tariffs. I think $300 million is the number that will be offset by price. Any more color in terms of what the gross impact is and how much has been offset by productivity and other actions? I would say, Nigel, we do not really think of it that way because we have effectively offset whatever we saw upfront with our suppliers and with the productivity action. As we kind of sit here today, we view the exposure as the $300 million that we need to go offset with price. Frankly, we have already implemented those price increases in our channel. Okay. Thanks, Dave. Thank you. Thank you. The next question comes from Julian Mitchell with Barclays. Your line is open. Hi, good morning. Maybe just wondered if you could drill a little bit more into the Americas segment and sort of flesh out perhaps kind of what you're seeing in the Resi piece there and Light Commercial. That's the two places where I suppose the full- year guidance has changed in May versus February. Help us understand the drivers there and how you think about those two pieces playing out over the balance of this year. Yeah, Julian. First, on the Resi side, we did increase from high single digits for the full- year to high single digits to perhaps low double digits. Some of the pricing on the tariff side, we will see on the Resi side specifically. Resi was a bit of a stronger start to the year than we anticipated. It was up around 20%. The regulatory mix played out well. It was about 75% of the mix between 454B and 410 was the 454B. We realized a little over 10% on that. That was about, of course, 80% of the total volume for Resi. We got mid-single digit price, mid-single digit volume, and two Qs on track, probably in that 15%-20% range. I think we look at the full year, and we have much tougher comps as we get into the second half in particular as we look at the fourth quarter. Remember, we did have maybe $75 million or so of pre-buy in the fourth quarter of last year. We feel good about Resi, certainly in the first half, and we'll keep our eye on the second half. I think we've de-risked that with how we've thought about high single digits to low double digits for the full year. Light Commercial was worse than we thought, and that's what's driven us to decrease our guide for the full year to down low double digits. We mentioned that first quarter was much lower than we thought. It was really a combination of a couple of things. Some of the small and medium businesses were soft. You can think about things like nail salons or a local restaurant or a barbershop. That was a little bit softer than we thought. There was some delayed spending on K - 12. Some of that bond funding was a bit paused. Q1 was softer. I think we're looking at Q2 being down close to 20%. You will see the second half of the year flat to slightly up a bit. That puts you down 10% for the full year. You know, Julian, our Light Commercial business is about $1.5 billion of sales. It is just about 5% of the company, a little over 5%. It could be down 10%, and it impacts Carrier's top line by just about 0.5%. We'll keep an eye on it, but it's something that the team's on top of, and I think we've de-risked in our full- year plan. That's very helpful. Thank you. Just maybe secondly, wanting to understand on the CS Americas business, looking more at the margin front. Very strong margins up year on year in Q1 of over 400 basis points. The full year is guided up about 50 basis points. If we just look at absolute margin, there is not much difference between what you saw in Q1 and what is guided for the full year, even though perhaps one might think with seasonality it should be moving higher, particularly second and third quarter versus first. Maybe sort of flesh out a bit how you see those margins developing over the balance of the year, please, in Americas. Sounds good, Julian. The way you can think about this is we do expect in Q2 the margins in the Americas to pick up by a couple of points. It was about 22 in Q1, probably closer to 25 in Q2, somewhat similar in Q3, but then lower in Q4 to get to about the 22 and a half. Maybe some additional color on that. The tariffs represent a headwind to the Americas margin given the price-cost neutrality there. That is a headwind to margin of about 50-60 basis points for the entire year, and in that range for Q2, Q3, Q4. You will see that play out in that segment. As Dave mentioned, Resi volumes in the back half of the year will be lower. Of course, it has a margin impact as well. North of 22% margin in Q1, expected to step up close to 25% in Q2, similar in Q3, and then a step down to get to 22.5% for the year. That's great, Patrick. Thank you. Thank you. The next question comes from Andy Kaplowitz with Citig roup. Your line is open. Hey, good morning, everyone. Morning. Morning, Andy. Dave, can you update us on your outlook for Viessmann at this point? Obviously, orders in backlog are up, and you said RLC Europe will return to organic growth in Q2. Do you still see flat for Viessmann for the year? I think you talked about 150 basis points of margin improvement and then stepping back on overall CSE. You talked about your work to get that margin up, but maybe you could elaborate on the issues in the segment and what you're doing to address them. Yeah. When you look at our overall growth algorithm for Viessmann, we still feel good about flat for the full year. We think that total unit deliveries in Germany may be a little bit lower than we thought. I think we were thinking more like down 7%. It may be down 10% or slightly higher, but we are seeing a better mix-up. In Germany, we think heat pumps will be up more like 30% versus our previous estimate of 15%. The benefit of the mix offsets a little bit of the volume perhaps being a little bit lower than we thought. A lot of that lower volume is on the boiler side as we see very, very strong demand in Germany in particular, but throughout Europe with that continued move to electrification. I mentioned in my script that we were pleased with the new government coalition that is doubling down on the shift to electrification, doubling down on reducing electricity prices. They supported subsidies. Of course, we'll have to see the clarification on the new heating law, but the rest of the algorithm stays intact. We will continue to see a bit of price. We will continue to see aftermarket up double digits, which gives us another point or two. All of our initiatives that drive 4%-5% growth, whether the cost synergies, the share gains, the introduction of systems Profi, we feel good that all of those remain very, very much on track. We feel good about flattish. In the year, we had said that the first quarter would be down 10%-15%. It was closer to 10%. The team really came through in the first quarter, and we're confident that that momentum will continue. We'll see second quarter up a bit. The margin on the segment, Dave? Or the Europe margins across the. Yeah, correct. You mean the growth opportunity going forward, or what do you think? Yeah, the margin improvement in that segment, Patrick. Oh, we think that RLC, and if I talk specifically about Viessmann, Viessmann will be double digits. It will be closer to low teens for this year. Last year, they ended up at 10%. Got it. Dave, can you give more color into what's going on with your Commercial HVAC business in the Americas given the capacity increase that you have this year? I know you said you get data centers to double. I assume that's still on track. 20% growth in Commercial HVAC is good. I assume that's pretty sustainable moving forward given the capacity you've added. Yeah. We feel very good about Commercial HVAC overall. You know that this will be our fifth year in a row of double-digit growth. Americas was very strong in the first quarter. It was up in the high teens. If you think about the global Commercial HVAC business overall, call it up double digits again this year, we're going to see $500 million of growth from data centers. We said that we were $500 million last year going to $1 billion, and we remain very much on track with that. We had a very strong first quarter for data centers. I think it was something like $250 million of deliveries for data centers in the first quarter alone. We feel good about where we are for the $1 billion of full data centers for this year. For the rest, the non-data center business for Commercial HVAC will be up in the high single-digit range this year. I think that the increase in capacity, particularly in North America, where we're increasing our capacity so much, that has really freed up the sales team to go aggressively after some of the non-data center work where data centers was probably taking up more of the capacity over the past 12 months than it will going forward. We see really good progress on some of the mega projects. Healthcare remains strong. Pharma's been good. Electronic fabs, some of the higher ed are all positive for us. Obviously, things like Commercial Office Buildings continue to be weak. Overall, Commercial HVAC is very, very positive. Appreciate all the color. Thanks, Andy. Thanks, Andy. The next question comes from Steve Tusa with JP Morgan. Your line is open. Hey, Steve. I don't know what to—yeah, we'll go with Steve. Yeah, yeah. Little Euro in there. Just wanted to make sure that we're clear on the base of—there's been a lot of restatements here, but what is the actual base for earnings for 2Q of 2024 again? Can you just remind us what that is? EPS? Yeah. Sorry. Steve. That hasn't changed obviously from the prior year. Yeah, there's no change. I think it's low 70s, but I'll pull the number up. Give me one sec. I think $0.73. Yeah, $0.73. Yeah, $0.73. Okay. Just wanted to be sure because Bloomberg still shows $0.75, and you guys have restated a bit. Just wanted to make sure we had the base okay on that. In the schedules of what we just disclosed, there are the historical financials as well. Yeah, yeah. Okay. Got it. Sorry for wasting the time on the call here. Just on the Resi front, any real hiccups on the 454B actual channel and the installation because of the kind of dramatic price increases that we're seeing from the suppliers? I don't know, there's limited supply of containers and things like that going on. Any issues there? No, Steve. I mean, the short answer is we're okay. I think that most of our 454B is coming from a specific supplier. They import some of the ingredients of 454B from China, and they have talked to us about passing that along. Of course, the team's in discussions about that right now. If we do have to get into a discussion, we don't think that will be material overall. I think the shortage that everyone's talking about, as you said, was the canisters that was affecting the overall channel. We see that resolving itself here in the second quarter. Okay. Just one follow-up on Europe. That margin was a little bit lower than I was expecting. What do you think is a good kind of normalized rate, assuming Viessmann grows in line with your expectations? I mean, that seems to be pretty depressed at a low double-digit rate. Maybe what would be kind of a longer-term thought around that margin potential? Our intention is to get that to mid-teens in the next couple of years. There is a lot of focus there. Actually, it is a benefit of it now being its own segment. I'll maybe provide a little bit of extra color there, but there are really three different businesses within this segment that are now under one umbrella. One is Viessmann Climate Solutions that, as you know, we acquired last year. There is a Commercial HVAC business that is a little over $1 billion where we've seen continued margin improvement, but still not exactly where we'd like it to be. The third part is Carrier's Legacy Residential and Light Commercial Business, which is about $700 million-$800 million in sales. That business has actually been operating with low single-digit operating margins. There is a lot of work being done now, and we expect, as I said, to get that to mid-teens operating margin in the next couple of years. Yeah. Okay. Great. Thanks a lot. Thanks, Steve. Thanks, Steve. The next question comes from Jeffrey Sprague with Vertical Research. Your line is open. Hey, thank you. Good morning, everyone. Morning. Hey, Dave. Good morning. Just back to kind of the order and subsidy action in Viessmann in Germany, what do you attribute the rush for subsidy applications? Was there sort of a view that maybe the new government would not be supportive and there was a rush to get subsidies in? I'm just kind of wondering what the real signal from the market is in that stat you shared with us today. It could be some of that, Jeff, but I will tell you that the numbers were overall very, very encouraging. Part of it could have been uncertainty about how the election would play out. Part of it may have just been pent-up demand. I mean, you think about the first quarter of last year, subsidy applications were something around 9,000. The first quarter of this year was something like 65,000. It is just night and day. It is by far the highest first quarter of subsidy applications ever. We will have to see how Q2 plays out, but given that the new coalition government has said that it will continue with the subsidy rates and the same levels they were at, the 30%-70% range, gives us a lot of confidence that we see them continuing. Just back to kind of the idea of gross tariffs, right? You kind of told us what's left on the $300 million. Obviously, you've been very, very cost-focused from day one since SPIN. I just wonder if you could give us some examples of maybe the incremental things you did to offset whatever that residual was, how much of it was inside your four walls versus sourcing and other changes you might have made. Yeah. I would say that a lot of it was with working with our supply chain. What we've been very purposeful about over the past five years is this concept of, first, localization, and two, is dual sourcing. This idea of dual sourcing has given us a little bit of flexibility with our supply base, not only in some of the negotiations and discussions we need to have, but also as we try to navigate where the work may come from as tariffs play themselves out. A lot of it's on sourcing. The team's done a great job on productivity. We continue to optimize our footprint. We've been doing that for a while. The amount of manufacturing we did for export out of China has come down significantly over these past few years. We still have a strong presence in China for China, and we have a China plus one strategy. We have been very purposeful about our overall footprint strategy. We have been pushing productivity within our factories. The last is just basically tightening our belts on overall G&A and cost. Got it. Thank you. Thanks, Jeff. The next question comes from Joe Ritchie with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open. Thank you. Good morning, guys. Hey, Joe. Can we talk about the 454B transition just a little further? Clearly, good strength this quarter on America's Resi business. I'm curious, Dave, do you have any kind of line of sight how much of the strength we saw in 1 Q might have been just this transition and your distributors stocking in the 454B product? Maybe any additional color you guys have on inventory levels at the distributor level. Yeah. I will tell you that the movement's generally been okay. We continue to watch movement. Inventory levels are a bit elevated versus where they were at the same time last year. That's why I think that, look, very strong first quarter, up around 20%. We've said the second quarter is going to be a 15%-20%. We've said the full year will be a high single digit to double digit. It's really for two reasons. One is, maybe three. One is that we are going to watch those inventory levels, and we're going to try to, as always, be purposeful to work with our channel partners to have those inventory levels come back to a more balanced level. Two is, as you know, as we get into the second half, we have much tougher comps. Last year, the third quarter was up a little over 10%, and the fourth quarter was up around 30%. We will just inherently have tougher comps in the second half. We will watch the overall economy. We have tried to de-risk the full- year forecast looking at those factors for the second half. The really good news is that we have gotten the price that we expected for the 454B. We have gained 100 basis points of share over the last year, and the team is performing very, very well. Okay. Great. That's helpful. I'm sure we'll talk about this more at the investor day, but you want to maybe expand a little bit on that data center business. I know you guys are rolling out Quantum Leap, and it looks like you're getting closer to a liquid cooling product by year-end. Any color you can give us on how that business is, how you're seeing that business over the next 12 - 24 months. Yeah. This is something that we were very excited to launch, Quantum Leap. We have been in bid proposals, especially with a couple of customers in Europe, not only for our CDUs, our coolant distribution units, but also the complete integrated Quantum Leap, which has traditional cooling and liquid cooling, and ideally has our BMS in it, our ALC business with our Nlyte business as well. We think that is ultimately going to provide the most value to our customers. I will tell you, we are still in the first inning on that proposal, but we are getting a lot more interest. That is how a lot of these discussions start. You propose something, you launch it, they start to come into your factories and look at the testing with your engineers. We looked at acquisitions on the liquid cooling side, but our team, in a very short period of time, developed our own organic CDU, and it was kind of point designed for the sweet spot of the market. We are very excited about it. I would tell you that we have not gotten a lot of sales yet from it, but we are optimistic given the nature of the value proposition and some of the ongoing discussions that that could be a bit of a game changer. Okay. Great to hear. Thank you. Thanks. Thanks, Joe. The next question comes from Deane Dray with RBC. Your line is open. Thank you. Good morning, everyone. Morning, Deane. I was hoping Patrick can take us through the free cash flow dynamics in the quarter. It was a bit light versus seasonal. You just mentioned a bit higher inventory, and you reaffirmed free cash flow for the year. What was unique about this quarter? Actually, Deane, actually, I think it's actually seasonally a stronger than typical Q1. Q1 tends to be somewhat light. What I mentioned was that in this Q1, that working capital was less of a use of cash than it typically is, and particularly on the payable side. Actually, we were quite pleased to start out the year with over $400 million in free cash flow, which, as I mentioned, I think the last three, four years were a little lighter than that. On inventory, again, nothing unusual in Q1. There is the seasonal buildup that starts in Q1, and then we expect to burn some of that off by the balance of the year. Generally, there remains opportunity in our overall inventory levels. Great. Thanks for that clarification. Can you just expand on services? They did well this quarter. Just the plan for the year, any new initiatives there? Yeah. This has just become such a part of our DNA, Deane. We have this mantra we use internally, which I've been using externally, which is this double-digit forever. One of the big changes that we saw was we launched an initiative in the United States where we really tried to harmonize every single branch around not only the specific metrics that we're driving, but institutionalize it in the apps and the tools that all of our service technicians and sales folks use. Now we're cascading that globally. Just the amount of rigor we have around productivity, unique offerings, and of course, our same old playbook, which is BluEdge, multi—we have base offerings, mid-tier, high-end offerings, driving attachment rates. We had the best growth in attachment rates in a quarter that we've ever seen. We went from like 48% - 60% a quarter using the rigor around the tools. The truth is we want to get that to 100%, that every time you sell a chiller, it comes with a long-term agreement. I'll tell you, the progress to 60% in a short period of time has been encouraging. I think one of the things you'll be hearing fro m us a lot more on is mods and upgrades. A lot of the—as new construction in some of the major cities in the world have become a little bit slower, we see a huge opportunity in certain places in the world around mods and upgrades. We view a country like Saudi to be a lot more new construction, but it may be that Dubai is more mods and upgrades. That has been very encouraging, and it's across all of our businesses. I'm confident this year will be double digits again. Great. Thank you. Thank you. The next question will come from Joseph O'Dea with Wells Fargo. Your line is open. Hi. Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. Can you unpack the tariffs a little bit just in terms of sizing the cost headwind this year and then that breakdown of what you're doing on the cost and price side? Any specifics on the China component of that cost headwind, as well as any other color you can give? The last part of it is, what does this mean for Resi pricing? If we think about back half of the year, 454B, normal pricing, and then now the addition, what kind of pricing or price mix you're looking at on Resi in the back half? Look, Joe, the team's done a great job, I think, addressing tariffs head-on. I will tell you, on the USMCA, for example, we're now just under 100% USMCA compliant a nd that's a group of folks across our supply chain team, across our customs and legal team, folks working very well together to make sure that we, of course, are USMCA compliant virtually across the board. When we look at it, we looked at the tariffs as they exist today, and we frankly have, as we look at the cost actions we've taken, whether with our supply chain or in our own productivity, our own factories, or other actions, we've effectively mitigated all but 300 of it a nd that 300, we said we would mitigate through price. That is going to be a lot of price in the Americas, and the price will be a lot in Resi. We feel that the team has been very effective at working very transparently and collaboratively with our channel. Obviously, no one likes price increases. Our channel has been very clear-eyed and understanding of the fact that we've done our best to mitigate as much as we can through cost, and then the rest we've done through price. Got it. That's helpful. Then on the Commercial HVAC in Americas, the non-data center business up high single digit is actually a little bit more surprising, I'd say, than the data center growth. Can you unpack that a little bit from renovation, new construction, price? I'd say some of the non-res macro indicators aren't exactly encouraging, but that growth rate's pretty good. What you're doing versus what you see in the market? Yeah. Part of it, frankly, is freeing up capacity. I would say that now that we've—we're going to increase our capacity for water-cooled chillers by 4x over a period of a few years here in the Americas because we effectively are expanding our facility in Charlotte, North Carolina, and then we're adding—we've repurposed another facility for both water-cooled and air-cooled. That's freed up our internal salesforce and our channel partners to go more aggressively after some of the opportunities. The mega projects have been very strong for us. That dedicated vertical team that we have focused on data centers also focuses on the mega projects with some of the reshoring activity that we've been seeing here in the United States. Healthcare Pharma are both strong, as I mentioned, and we've been getting very good share on some of the electronic fab that we've seen going up. You are right that ABI has been weak. Commercial Real Estate has continued to be weak year after year recently over these last few years, but we have been offsetting some of the areas that are very visibly weak with areas that are sort of quietly strong. Got it. Thanks a lot. Thank you. The next question comes from Chris Snyder with Morgan Stanley. Your line is open. Thank you for the question. I wanted to ask on Americas Resi. The $75 million or so that you guys kind of called out in Q4 as pre-buy, did that come out in Q1, and was just overwhelmed by strength and mixed tailwinds elsewhere? Or is that expected to come out in Q2, even with this 15%-20% Americas guide? Or do you just maybe do not even think it comes out anymore? Thank you. It's honestly not a very perfect science because what you're really trying to figure out with pre-buy were people buying for demand that otherwise would have been in 2025, but they bought it in 2024. What we really have to do is look at movement and look at the underlying demand. The movement in the fourth quarter was about what we thought. The movement from our distributors to the dealers has been fine. In April, the movement's been up in the mid-single digit range. The thing that we really have to watch and that we continue to watch is the base inventory levels. On some of the split side, they are higher than where they were at the same time last year. Maybe there's some of that that's kind of made its way into the inventory levels. We will want to be careful with our partners how much that we ship in and then making sure that that movement continues because we have much better tools now than we used to have to make sure that inventory levels in the channel are about what we thought. We are very purposeful with our channel partners to control that. In fact, the team and I will be with our distribution partners this weekend, and we will be deep diving all of this. A very strong start to the year, 15%-20% is what we expect here in Q2, and I think we will be measured as we get into the second half. Overall, another good year for Resi in that 10% range, give or take a point or two. Thank you. I appreciate that. I wanted to follow up on service. Clearly, the focus there has driven great growth for the service business with the double-digit forever mantra holding strong. I guess my question is, is it also helping you win on the equipment side for some of the bigger applied projects, like having the stronger service offering? Just anything you could talk about, that flywheel of actually driving equipment on the back of service. Thank you. Yeah. 100%. We look at our Commercial HVAC business overall. I would say the team has really differentiated ourselves in Europe and in Asia, where I think that that flywheel and our presence, not only the upfront, but the spec engineers upfront, the salesforce, our customer intimacy, our relationships, our presence, our brand, that's made us traditionally number one or two in Asia and in Europe. We have been very frank that we have been number three in the Americas, and that has been the opportunity in front of us. The team in the America has really been turning around that business. We have said that we are going to add 1,000 technicians over the next five years in the United States. We have said that we are adding salespeople. Our relationship with not only our direct salesforce, but to some extent, we go through distribution in the United States only where it makes sense. Those distribution partners have good relationships with the mechanical contractors. Our ability to provide connected devices, to provide Abound, and to be able to support the customers throughout the life cycle is clearly advantageous. It is an entire flywheel. We have recognized that. We have been investing in the resources to build out that flywheel. Now, I would say we are winning more than our fair share in the Americas, as I think you have seen and you will continue to see in our numbers. Thank you, Dave. Appreciate that. Yeah, thank you. Our next question comes from Amit Mehrotra with UBS. Your line is open. Thanks. Patrick, can you just—I just want to come back to the new Resi Americas guide, high single, low double. I think in your previous guidance of high single, it was all kind of price mix and then volume or units were flat and down. Can you just update that in terms of what you're assuming? Europe Resi and Commercial orders are just a lot stronger than the organic growth right now. I do not know if that's a comp issue or maybe if that's a fair assumption that we should expect a decent sequential uptick in revenue as we progress through the year. Yeah. Look, let me take the first one, and Patrick will take the second. If when we said high single digits, we assume that almost all of that came from mix because we assume that you get with about 10% higher price on the 454B than the 410A. If you assume that that becomes 70%-80%, 80% of the total volume for the year, you're into that range of 7%-8% from just regulatory mix. I think what we've seen is probably a little bit better on the price side overall. Part of that because that's where tariffs landed, and part of it is because we've seen better price realization. We'll probably get a little bit more full- year volume than we originally anticipated. Patrick, on the second. Yeah. On the Europe comment, the way you can think about it, Q1 was down about 7% in sales with Commercial HVAC up mid-single digits, Resi like Commercial a little more than 10, about 10. We expect growth actually to start in Q2 for the balance of the year, and that will continue, we think, for both Commercial HVAC and Resi. Actually, Commercial HVAC within Europe, we have a strong pipeline, and we think that the growth will accelerate from mid-single digits in Q1 and will end up double digits in the second half of the year and double digits for the year. With respect to the Resi part of our European segment, we think that will be low single digits for the balance of the year starting in Q2, as Dave mentioned, modest growth in Q2 and continue for the balance of the year. Overall, full year double-digit growth in Commercial HVAC within the region and Resi about flat, leaving the overall segment to low single digits. Got it. Dave, just circling back on what you said, it looks like both volume and mix is an attribution to the revision of Resi HVAC, which is top line, which is great. One final question, if I could, just maybe high level. Listen, you do not have to comment on it if you do not want to, but you have this proxy target out there of $3.60 of earnings. It is really hard to forecast that far out, but maybe just give us some puts and takes on your confidence around that number in terms of above the line versus below the line items. I know you got some tax dynamics too with Viessmann tax losses, things like that, but just talk about why you put that out there, why was that the right number, and maybe the confidence around below or above the line items on that. Yes. I won't comment on why the number is out there and so on. I think that was very well described in the proxy. We will talk about a framework at the upcoming investor day in mid-May. The way we are thinking about our business, and that's our current valuation framework, is we target organic growth of 6%-8% over the medium term. This year, organic growth is mid-single digits. You also have heard us say that we target over 50 basis points of margin expansion each year. We have done better than that the last several years, and this year, again, we will do better than that, than 50 basis points. Clearly, we would expect all else equal to continue on that path. Organic growth at attractive rates, attractive margin expansion, as well as earnings conversion close to 30%. That is aligned with that. On top of that, we will have the benefit of the repo from this year that will carry over next year. As you probably know, our free cash flow generation is quite strong. After paying the dividend, there is still well over $1.5 billion of free cash available for acquisitions or share repurchases. The last item you mentioned, which relates to tax, I think it is known. We've disclosed it that we have a tax benefit that we have on the books. Of course, we would like to monetize that and working hard to make that happen and to bring down our effective tax rate going forward. I think with those building blocks, I think it's not unreasonable to see a path towards $3.60. Very clear. Thank you very much. Appreciate it. Thank you. The next question comes from Stephen Volkmann with Jefferies. Your line is open. Hi. Good morning, guys. Thanks for taking the question. I'm wondering if we can just look at CST a little bit. The mid-single digit growth forecast kind of unchanged, but it feels like some of the industry forecasts around things like truck have deteriorated. I know your mix is a little different than some others, but maybe just call out a little bit what's driving that mid-single digit growth in CST. Yeah. When we look at, I think some of that refers specifically to the North American truck trailer business, where ACT did say that the full year for trailer would be down 15%. I would say when we look at it, there are two things. Number one is trailer is just a subset of the overall NATT market. Number two is we're not really sure we believe the number. I think when we look at it, we think that you have this dichotomy where there's a lot of pent-up demand for trailers because it's a very old fleet, but you also see this overall issue with people looking at what's happening with tariffs and the economy. I think they're trying to be judicious on some of their spend to update some of those fleets. As that plays itself out, we'll have to see how the year plays out. We expect for the full year, North American truck trailer to be up in the mid-single digit range. We expect European truck trailer to be closer to flattish, probably volumes down a bit, and we'll see aftermarket growth there. You have a similar dynamic. You have some aging fleets, but there's some questions ar ound the economy. Container will be strong. We had a very strong first quarter up around 20%. We think it'll be up in the high single- digit range. Like every part of the business, aftermarket will be up to double digits. Ed Dryden and the team have done a great job expanding our Lynx offering and really pushing some of the upgrade opportunities. We think that the overall Transportation segment is poised for mid-single digit growth this year. Great. Helpful. Thanks. It looks like margin is also going to be sort of on the upswing here as the year progresses. Any sense of how we should kind of model that cadence? Actually, we expect to see fabric here. We are about 15% in Q1. We would expect that to pick up by about 200 basis points or so in Q2 and stay at about that level for the balance of the year, maybe Q4 a little lighter. Perfect. Thank you, guys. Thank you. Our next question comes from Tommy Moll, Stephens. Your line is open. Morning, and thank you for taking my questions. Hey, Tommy. Dave, I wanted to start on your Americas Light Commercial Business. Noting the comps there can be tricky, but I'm just observing that the outlook was reduced pretty significantly from low to mid singles last time we spoke, and now we're looking at down doubles. What were some of the factors that changed there in your outlook? I think it's a combination of a couple of things. I would say the first thing is that the first quarter surprised us to the downside there, Tommy. We did not anticipate that the first quarter was going to be down as much as it was. We look at Q2 here, and the start to the quarter has not seen an appreciable uptake. We balanced the first quarter, the first half of the year to be down. We think the second half will recover a bit. I think that there were some of the customers that, again, are on that small and medium-type business. I think they really did slow some of their spending here in Q1, and we think that continues into the second quarter. I think K - 12, some of the pausing on some of the bond funding that's coming at the state level and the local level, that slowed a bit more than we thought. Look, this is not something that we are in panic mode on. It's a great business, high margins. We're coming off a few years of phenomenal growth, especially 2021 through 2023. I think we took a lot of share. We reduced our lead times probably earlier than some of our peers, which gave us some lift. I think they're shipping out of some of the backlog that they had built, which is fine. I think we have a good product line. We have some differentiated products. We have a great channel. We got great brands. Look, the market will loosen itself up as we get into the second half. I think we tried to de-risk the full- year plan by saying it'd be down double digits. Thanks for the detail, Dave. I wanted to pivot to a question on the Google partnership that you discussed earlier in the call. Is this participation in a demand response kind of program, or what additional detail can you give, particularly around the monetization opportunity there? Thank you. Yeah. We've been working closely with Carrier Energy, with the utilities. The whole concept is that we can have an appreciable impact on the grid, especially during peak hours. If you think about the demand that is being added by the data centers to the grid, where you really have the biggest challenge for the utilities is during peak. You think about what most of the demand is during peak, it's your HVAC system, which is now because more than 40% of our sales are heat pumps. You have both cooling and heating putting demand on the grid during peak hours. What we need is more intelligence. As we connect those devices and we look at how to control those in an automated fashion, we have an opportunity to partner with Google to use their AI and analytics tools, which are phenomenal, and work with them as a company, work with them as a cloud partner as well, and be able to provide more value. You think about the digitization of energy and digitization of cooling devices. This is all about using traditional might have been appliances to use digital to create analytics to create more value. We see this Google partnership as a tremendous win-win opportunity, not only for us and Google, but for our utility partners as well. In fact, we had a call with Google yesterday, and we are in the early phases of this relationship, but as you think about the use cases, the opportunities is very encouraging. Thanks, Dave. I'll turn it back. Thanks, Tommy. Okay. This will. Yeah, go ahead. No, go ahead, please. Okay. I got it. We want to thank you all for joining us today. As a quick reminder before we wrap, we will be in New York City, May 19th, 8:30 for our Investor Day. We encourage you to join us and listen in. Our whole focus will be on accelerating growth. You're going to be hearing from not only Patrick and myself, but we'll have our four segment leaders there as well, and you'll hear from them with some really exciting initiatives we have to drive sustained growth over the long term. Thank you all for joining us today, and we'll see you on May 19. This does conclude today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.