Good afternoon, and welcome to the Cibus fourth quarter 2023 results conference call. All participants will be in a listen-only mode. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. Please also note today's event is being recorded. At this time, I'd like to turn the conference call to Wade King, Chief Financial Officer. Sir, please go ahead. Thank you and good afternoon. This is Wade King, the Chief Financial Officer of Cibus. I would like to thank you for taking time to join us for Cibus' fourth quarter 2023 financial results and corporate update conference call and webcast. Presenting with me today is Rory Riggs, our Co-founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman, and Peter Beetham, Co-founder, President, and Chief Operating Officer. Before we begin the call, I'd like to remind everyone that statements made on the call and webcast, including those regarding future financial results and future operational goals and industry prospects, are forward-looking and may be subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the call. Please refer to Cibus' SEC filings for a list of associated risks. This conference call is being webcast. The webcast link, along with our press release and corporate presentation, are available on the investor relations section of cibus.com to assist in your analysis of the business. With that, I would now like to turn the call over to Mr. Riggs. Go ahead, Rory. Thanks, Wade, and welcome to everyone on the call. Today, I will provide a high-level overview of our progress in 2023 and how the events of the last year differentiate us in this emerging industry. Then Peter will walk you through our recent commercial progress with our products and some milestones we expect to achieve this year. Lastly, Wade will finish with a brief discussion of the financials. Our goal is to help you best understand our business so you can measure and track our progress and achievements on both a corporate and a commercial basis. Above all, 2023 was the year we transformed from an R&D-focused company to a commercial-stage gene-editing company, a company focused on the production and commercialization of a family of gene-edited trait products. Our transformation began with the first transfers of our partners' edited elite germplasms in early 2023 in both canola and rice. These transfers marked the beginning of the timetable for the commercialization of our pipeline of developed traits. In parallel, we opened the industry's first standardized, semiautomatic, high-throughput gene-editing facility that we call the Trait Machine. This facility is a huge breakthrough in the improvement of the precision, speed, and scale of gene-editing trait products for us and, frankly, for the industry. What has made this breakthrough in trait development even more significant is the progress we have seen in global regulations to regulate the traits from gene editing, similar to traits from conventional breeding. This shows there's increasing global support for this new gene-editing industry to address the major sustainability challenges in our global food supply. Before Peter provides specifics on our products and their progress, I'd like to briefly discuss how our commercial progress has occurred in parallel with the evolution of the company and our vision of a commercial-stage gene-editing company in plants, which we define as an integrated commercial business model that connects research and the development of new traits to a standardized, semiautomated trait production facility, and lastly, through the commercial trait transfers into seed company customers for commercialization and sale of our traits. Stated more simply, a commercial company focused on gene-edited trait products that operates a gene-editing trait supply system, a system that is industrially scaled to process and deliver multiple traits for multiple customers across multiple crops. Above all, our first transfers and the opening of the Trait Machine represent the face of our transformation to this vision of a commercial-stage company. In our vision, technology-based trait companies operate as an extension of the seed company's breeding operation. In this model, Cibus augments the seed company's breeding operation with important new complex traits, and in so doing, accelerates the seed and trait development of our customers. Importantly, because our traits are indistinguishable from traits derived from conventional breeding or nature, more and more countries and regions have moved to adopt new regulations to encourage gene editing. The goal of these new regulations is to encourage gene editing by treating the traits from NGTs similar to traits from conventional breeding. The United States and South America were the leaders in adopting these new regulations. An important moment in the ongoing development of this new industry happened in February 2024, when even the EU voted to regulate traits from NGT technology, similar to traits from conventional breeding, bringing the EU in line with other United States, South America, and many others. These adoptions, country by country, have shown the importance of our technology in achieving a sustainable global food supply. These new regulations for gene editing represent a real point of inflection. The new regulations are globally enabling this new era of standardized high-throughput trait development. In the seed industry, traits are a critical basis of competition. The need for faster, scalable methods for breeding cannot be understated. Establishing global regulatory standards are another important part of this puzzle. Because of the scale and speed enabled by our standardized high-throughput trait development technology, this moment is commonly referred to as agriculture's analog-to-digital moment. In other words, this era is going to materially speed up new trait development and enable new trait development timelines in a fraction of the time and cost of conventional breeding or GMO methodologies. This is why we believe that our vision for a commercial-stage gene editing company is the future of breeding and the future of commercial crop development. As discussed, the centerpiece of our commercial strategy is the advancement of our commercial pipelines, integrated with our standalone high-throughput trait facility, and the initial transfers of our traits to leading seed companies for commercialization. This is why 2023 was a major point of inflection for our business and for the industry. Now, Peter will provide more specifics on our pipeline and our path to commercialization. Importantly, provide some background on our trait products and our execution. Peter? Thank you, Rory, and good afternoon to everyone. As Rory highlighted, our commercialization efforts are well underway and are focused on launching our three developed productivity traits with customers. Pod Shatter Reduction, or as we call it, PSR in canola, and our herbicide tolerance traits in rice, that we call HT1 and HT3. Before I launch into the product discussion, I would like to explain how we define developed traits and why there are significant advantages to working with these traits in customers' elite genetics. Essentially, this helps to frame our vision for our developed trait products. We define developed traits as having completed multiple years of successful field testing, that the traits have met our Cibus product specifications, and the traits have completed a product stewardship assessment, which includes quality assurance, regulatory, and intellectual property documentation. These developed traits are in customer elite genetics, providing Cibus customers with a significant time advantage to move traits to market and the potential to accelerate their pre-commercial plant breeding activities. Essentially, we are an extension of their own plant breeding programs. This acceleration is also impactful to any of our follow-on products that mature from our advanced trait development. This integration of genetics and traits highlights why we see this analog to digital moment Rory mentioned previously. Let me continue by further describing our first developed productivity trait, PSR in canola. PSR strengthens the pod sheath around canola or winter oilseed rape seeds, protecting the crop yield in many typical to extreme weather conditions at harvest. In canola, farmers are moving to what they call direct harvest, where they can harvest canola without the need to mow it down first. This saves on fuel costs and allows greater flexibility to manage the timing of harvest on their farms. Multiple years of our field trials, including the most recent 2023 results, have shown that our trait, across many genetic backgrounds, has similar efficacy to the leading competitor product that is currently on the market. We have already achieved significant commercial traction with our PSR trait, demonstrated by our engagements with 10 seed company customers to have Cibus' PSR trait edited into their elite germplasm. We believe this current customer base, which includes names such as Bayer, Nuseed, and Nutrien, represents over 20 million acres or approximately $150 million of potential annual royalties from canola and winter oilseed rape. We achieved a major milestone in 2023 by completing transfers to multiple customers, signaling that PSR is getting closer to generating revenue for our company. We enter 2024 with significant momentum, and by the end of the year, we expect 7-8 out of our 10 current customers in canola will have their elite germplasm containing Cibus's trait either transferred or ready to be transferred back to them. As a reminder, the transfer of elite germplasm containing the Cibus trait enables the start of the commercialization process. Moving on to our other two developed productivity traits, HT1 and HT3 in rice. This is another multinational expansion opportunity for Cibus. These HT traits targeting weed management in rice are fully developed and validated, like our work in PSR, and our current customer base represents 3 million acres or approximately $70 million in potential annual royalties. To help frame this opportunity in rice, take, for example, the success of GMO-based traits have had in major crops such as canola, soybean, and corn. Over 95% of these crops currently utilize GMO-based HT traits for weed management. This is amazing penetration that speaks to the value those traits provide to producers. However, the rice industry has yet to achieve similar success, having only had conventionally produced HT systems that struggle to have the success of GMO-based HT traits. This void presents a significant opportunity for Cibus's trait solutions, which have been shown to be very effective, as demonstrated in our 2023 field trial results, that indicated both HT1 and HT3 met or exceeded performance expectations when evaluated with proposed commercial herbicide application rate. These field trials are an important step in proving the effectiveness of our technology and helping to drive commercial progress. To that point, we have secured agreements with three major rice seed company customers, including Nutrien and Interoc, to have Cibus's HT1 and HT3 traits incorporated into their elite germplasm. Excitingly, we have also successfully completed the first transfers of customers' elite germplasm containing our HT1 and HT3 traits. This marks the beginning of commercialization for our rice traits. Our commercial team is working hard to expand our customer base for canola and rice with all three of our existing developed productivity traits, and we expect to secure additional customer agreements in 2024. Let's move to progress of advanced traits. In addition to the incredible achievements within our developed traits, we continue to make progress with our two advanced traits: Sclerotinia resistance, also known as white mold resistance, and our herbicide tolerance HT2 trait. Both are multi-crop traits, meaning that they have potential efficacy across multiple crop types, including canola, winter oilseed rape, and soybean. This is an important distinction as we have the commercial opportunity to earn royalties across multiple crop types based on the same trait. Let's start with the first advanced trait, Sclerotinia Resistance. Sclerotinia is the most economically significant disease in canola and one of the major diseases impacting soybean. In canola alone, we estimate that approximately 30 million acres could be impacted by Sclerotinia. Sclerotinia is a fungal pathogen that causes significant disease known as stem rot in crops. It affects 14%-30% of canola and winter oilseed rape fields annually, and in 2016, the Canola Council of Canada reported that potentially up to 90% of the Canadian canola crop was affected. Sclerotinia can reduce canola yields by 7%-15%, with yield losses per infected plant being as great as 50%. The Canola Council of Canada calls Sclerotinia stem rot the most economically significant canola disease in Canada. It is also a significant disease in soybean, with the prevalence of the fungal pathogen detected in soybean production regions of between 33.3% in 2015 and 78.3% in 2020. To be durable, this resistance trait, like other disease traits, needs to address multiple parts of the disease condition, meaning it needs multiple modes of action. In 2023, we achieved a milestone in stacking two different modes of action against Sclerotinia in canola, and we were able to successfully prove effectiveness in greenhouse tests. This year, we expect greenhouse results for a third mode of action for Sclerotinia resistance in canola. We are also currently developing a plan to integrate Sclerotinia resistance into soybean once that editing platform is fully developed. When successful, this would be the first major disease trait that would be applicable to multiple crops. Across canola and soybean alone, we believe this represents over $800 million of future annual royalty payments. Let's move to our next advanced trait, HT2. Many weeds have become resistant to herbicides as a result of their extensive use over the last 20 years. Thus, for crops like canola and soybean, there is huge demand for broad-spectrum herbicides and associated herbicide traits that target broad leaf weeds. This is where our HT2 trait can make a real difference in improving productivity in farming. We completed successful edits of HT2 in canola in 2023, demonstrating continued progress in its development. Because of demand in canola and soybean, we believe HT2 has the potential to be the first gene-edited trait to achieve 100 million acres of yearly use. For perspective, the industry estimates that GMO-based herbicide-tolerant traits are utilized currently on over 300 million planted acres, so there is a clear precedent demonstrating adoption of value-enhancing traits, which represents an immense opportunity for us. We are excited to see the important greenhouse results for this trait this summer. Combined, our three developed and two advanced productivity traits represent a potential target market of over 250 million accessible acres, which translates to well over $1 billion in potential annual royalties. I would emphasize that we are just scratching the surface of what we have the potential to achieve with this business. Let's move on to other platforms and sustainable ingredients. Now, I'll touch on the development progress of our other crop platforms and our sustainable ingredients business, utilizing a set of quality traits that we are working on. We announced in January that we made a major industry breakthrough in completing what we believe to be the world's first successful regeneration of wheat plants from single cells of elite wheat germplasm. This amazing accomplishment demonstrates our company's continued success in developing scalable, high-throughput breeding platforms that can operate as extensions of seed company breeding programs. We believe this new platform opens the potential for developing various productivity and sustainable traits that work to address the most significant challenges faced by wheat farmers globally. I'm extremely proud of our entire R&D and technical teams for making this breakthrough. Our success was completed well ahead of schedule, and we expect to demonstrate initial edits toward developing productivity traits for wheat this year. Turning to our soybean single-cell regeneration platform, this is clearly one of the toughest cell biology challenges many institutions have faced. However, we continue to make progress on this challenge by refining many steps in this process to be successful through our standardized high-throughput Trait Machine. We expect the platform to be operational and have initial editing completed in 2024. Continued development of our soybean platform is a key strategic initiative and is the foundation of our emerging sustainable ingredients business, which is focused on the development of plant-based alternative oils for downstream customer applications. We anticipate completing discovery efforts for alternative oils this year, an initial step toward developing solutions utilizing our quality traits that increase our customers' ability to meet their sustainability targets. What's particularly exciting for us is that we already have existing engagements with many of the world's large seed companies across other crops and projects. As we continue to build trust and demonstrate value with these customers, we are also sowing the seeds for our future soybean platform as well, which we think really demonstrates the thoughtful approach that we've brought to our business model. The commercialization of our three developed traits and the progression of our two advanced traits remain the central focus of our corporate strategy. As such, we intend to track the progression of each trait as it is deployed into our customer's elite germplasm. The progress of which will be central to our quarterly updates going forward, as each trait by crop combination starts generating royalty revenue. I'll now pass the call to Wade to briefly review our financials. Wade? Thank you, Peter. Looking at our financials for the fourth quarter, cash and cash equivalents were $32.7 million as of December 31, 2023. From a cash flow perspective, for the three-month period into December, we used $17.1 million of cash for operations, which implies a monthly burn rate of approximately $5.7 million. Meanwhile, we've been working hard on optimizing our resources and have implemented cost-saving measures that have reduced our operating cash flow burn rate down to $5 million per month. We believe this represents the appropriate level of cash burn needed to fund planned operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements going forward. This should extend our current cash runway into the early third quarter of 2024. In terms of financing activities, we raised $20.3 million of gross proceeds via a registered direct offering in the fourth quarter, and have also been successful in raising additional proceeds via regular equity sales in the first quarter. Moving to our income statement, which I'd like to remind everyone, isn't directly comparable to that of the prior year, given the merger with Calyxt that closed in May 2023. Please keep this in mind as I make reference to the prior year results. R&D expense was $14.2 million for the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to $2.3 million in the year ago period. The increase was primarily related to increased lab supply and facility expenses, an increase in employee headcount, and an increase in stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock awards. SG&A expense was $6.8 million for the fourth quarter 2023, compared to $1 million in the year ago period. The increase was primarily related to an increase in headcount, increased consulting and legal fees, and an increase in stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock grants. Royalty liability interest expense was $8.1 million for the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to no expense last year. This was related to the liability assumed in the May 31, 2023 merger with Cibus Global, LLC. Non-operating income was $0.1 million for the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to non-operating income of $0.5 million in the year ago period. The decrease was due to $0.8 million received in the fourth quarter of 2022 from a legal settlement. This was partially offset by a $0.3 million change in the fair value of the liability classified Class A common stock warrants. Net loss was $277.2 million for the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to net loss of $2.8 million in the year ago period. The increase in net loss was primarily the result of a $249.4 million non-cash goodwill and intangible assets impairment charge that we recorded in the fourth quarter that was associated with our May 2023 merger with Calyxt. For additional details about our financials for the fourth quarter of 2023, please refer to our press release and filings with the SEC. That concludes our financial discussion. Rory, now back to you for your closing remarks. Thanks, Wade, and many thanks to everyone for listening in. I hope we accurately portrayed our excitement about our progress. The incredible commercial momentum we have achieved so far is a really strong endorsement of our industry-leading gene editing technology, which uniquely positions us to partner with the breeding operations of some of the largest seed companies in the world. Furthermore, as Peter mentioned, our expected milestones for 2024 will further show our commercial progress with our customers for our developed products and the key milestones for our advanced traits and new platforms. Together, they show our business vision of building a large, high-margin agricultural trait royalty business based on a family of our high-value trait products and our proprietary technology platform that will enable us to develop and deliver on an ongoing basis, multiple complex traits for multiple seed companies across multiple crops. As I hope this is evident, Cibus is leading the charge into the new gene editing era. We truly believe that we are at the forefront of agriculture's analog-to-digital moment. We are excited about our continued commercial success in the months and quarters to come. We look forward to updating you. Operator, that concludes our prepared remarks. Thank you. We will now be conducting a question-and-answer session. If you'd like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you'd like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star key. One moment, please, while we poll for questions. Our first question is from Bobby Burleson with Canaccord Genuity. Please proceed with your question. Hi, thanks for taking my questions. So, yeah, yeah, just curious, you know, when we think about the cash runway, and the milestones that you guys have kind of set out for 2024, you know, which ones do you think are kind of first half milestones? You know, what can you kind of execute on prior to, you know, needing that infusion of cash to happen? It's a great question. Hi, Bobby. Thanks. Hey, Rory. For support. The big milestone that we expect to do, and it's just taking so long, is trying to get soybean complete. It's been. You know, we keep making progress. This is one of the toughest projects in biology, and I think we're really close to getting it. And if we can accomplish this, it not only opens up 250 million acres, but it really opens up the sustainable ingredients business, the ability to take soybeans and, you know, Procter & Gamble is working with us, we have others working with us to be able to start that whole industry. So those are the ones we're most the big milestone that we focus on. The others is, we are shipping as much as we can or working to get our traits out into the marketplace. To me, those are the de-risking moments for us, is to be able to get it in people's hands, their germplasm with our traits in them. Okay, great. Yeah. And then I guess, just trying to understand the importance to your partners of the programs that you're working on. You know, especially as you have successes and, you know, kind of, prove out you know, the viability of the platform. Are there any kind of maybe qualitative you know, things you can highlight in terms of how that's helping your business development efforts? You know, the access to your prospective partners, existing partners, you know, things, are you seeing building momentum there based on, you know, them tracking your successes and the overall kind of de-risking of the viability of the platform? Oh, it's a great question, See. We have two big things. One is because of our platform, we're able to make these products. And so we actually have three developed products, and they've been through their field trials. So before anybody sends us their seeds, you know, they've already gone to the fields, they've seen the products work, and that's the trait development business, right? The big part of our business, where you see this amazing progress, is the industrialization of the trait business. So once we have the trait, you don't hand it to them. We have this Trait Machine, which allows them to bring a germplasm to us, edit it, and give it back to them. What we see is real momentum from the big seed companies to work with us so that each ongoing season, they can look at us as a cost-effective way of updating their traits and getting them into the field. And we weren't quite expecting this type of momentum this quickly. And you saw by having Nutrien or Bayer come out and say that they were working with us. And what that meant was they were working with us more than just the traits we gave them. They were working with us as a seed partner, and they're getting their crops ready, and that's how we look at it. The fact that the industry itself is accepting this model, that we can take their elite germplasm and put traits in and give it back to them on a timely and cost-effective basis. I think when we first met you, Bobby, I don't think we could have told you it would happen this fast. But it's clear that the industry is, as you start the second and third launches, are really buying into this model of us being able to cost effectively make these edits and give back their products. Does that make sense? Yeah, it makes a lot of sense. And maybe I can just squeeze one more in on the. Yeah. You know, royalty opportunity. You talked about some pretty big, you know, hundreds of millions of, you know, prospective royalties and just kind of scratching the surface there. But maybe can you revisit the kind of split that you're assuming in terms of, you know, farmer, germplasm owner, and, you know, the value enhancer being your role, in terms of how you arrive at that market? You know, what's the kind of rough math that you guys are thinking in terms of how that value creation is split amongst stakeholders? Thanks. I'm gonna try this. This is one of the harder questions for us to answer in general about this business, because the trait businesses have been around for a long time. So between the seed companies, you know, there's $2 billion-$4 billion traits. Everybody's developed things, and they interlicense between each other and pay royalties. So the knowledge base that royalties are quantifiable. So when you, especially for productivity traits, when you notice that if you put a trait in, you can quantify the cost benefit, and you share it with the seed company, with the farmer, and with us, that for each of our traits, there really hasn't been much of a dispute as to what type of royalty you would have and how to launch them. And so we've been fairly encouraged by how well they've adopted it. We won't know until we launch them. But the fact is, for each of the traits that we have, we are getting them into their hands, and they have a real model for which they're pricing these things. And then we're encouraged that says that it's not going to be tried farmer by farmer. We're encouraged that, you know, in each of their crops, these are traits that they need. You know, like a Bt trait, you needed that in every acre, right? That we're encouraged that these traits are going to be into it as full, especially our first three traits of a customer's germplasm, which are sold, things like Sclerotinia. You know, we don't think they'll be more than a third of the acres or 50% of the acres, but we're pretty conservative how to look at them. Peter, do you want to add anything to that? Do you want to say anything for about Peter's talking every day to the seed companies and pricing and launching? Peter? Yeah. Thanks, Rory. And thanks, Bobby. I think, you know, great question around how we develop with our customers a pricing strategy that makes sense in the marketplace. As Rory said, this is a market that has really understood the value of productivity traits. Farmers are fighting every day to manage their input costs, and so being able to bring productivity traits to market with our customers allows us to really understand that value proposition very clearly. So I think when you, you know, you hear these very large annual royalty payments, it's, you know, for us, that is the addressable market and the opportunity. And we continue to get, you know, customers wanting more of their genetics through our system. The only other thing I'll add is the excitement around the fact that we're integrating into their plant breeding programs at a level that they haven't had before, gets people very excited of being able to penetrate the market very quickly. So, you know, being able to put edits and therefore traits into a broad genetic base means that you can get the traits into more product lines more quickly. So that's something we're looking forward to, to see how that pans out, you know, you know, in the next few years. Thank you, Peter. Thank you, Rory. Was that too random, too robustly, Bobby? Was that, is that okay? No, that was, that was perfect. Thank you both. Thanks. Thank you. Our next question is from Sameer Joshi with H.C. Wainwright. Please proceed with your question. Hey, hey, guys, thanks for taking my questions. On the European front, is the timeline for the European Council and European Commission coming together still in that July timeframe, or do you have some additional color on that? Thanks, Bobby, and thanks for your support. It's really our big story, right? Is that once they come through this, suddenly the rest of the world will start to follow them. So it's exciting. As you probably know, there's a final council vote that hasn't happened yet, and so the debate we have is once that happens, it could be any day now, which combines the groups, and from that, we can put timetables together. You know, the question for all that Peter covered it more, it seems so. It's quite clear that there'll be a bill passed that says, for our type technology, that is going to be treated in a certain basis. But there's a bunch of fine-tuning to that regulation that we're hoping to have completed by year-end, and that's the debate we're waiting for. Peter, you want to add to that? Is that clear enough? Yeah, I think that's clear enough, Rory. You know, just to add a little bit to that, because, I think, you know, the Rory stated it, the process has started and, you know, there is, you know, as they went through the process, there was a lot of amendments that they have to finalize. And as the council vote is, you know, they're discussing that as we speak. The bottom line is, though, I would like to make sure that people understand this process will go to completion, and there will be an avenue for gene-edited crops into Europe or into the EU, you know, here in the foreseeable future. So that is the exciting part. You know, you have the U.K. already with all their laws implemented. You know, we're hearing already that companies are putting field trial applications into the EU, and that is exciting also. It is a process, and it is going in the right direction. And you're actually trying to be able to do the field trials. So for me, I know you were probably hoping we'd just commit to European being done, but we're working with it. It's just pretty exciting where it is. Right. Right. Meaning the next, if this gets through, then you can use your existing. Okay. American technology out there. There won't be any new process that begins from scratch. No, the encouraged thing is that, you know, we told the story about the bred trait in the paper there. They totally got oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. And as you know, in their safety study, it wasn't just gene editing was safe, it said oligonucleotide, so we're safe. And so we're pretty comfortable that our technology by itself is spotlighted in these new regulations, and then we're encouraged that the traits we have. It's a new crop. Winter oilseed rape is different, so we're starting to do field trials in England, which has been really helpful, but it's not the trait itself that we're really encouraged by. And then, you know, how big wheat is in Europe. That's a big product for us also. But we don't see a risk in the trait itself. I think we've actually had really positive encouragement on that. Understood. And then just following up on Bobby's questions, related to the royalty. So, the 250 million acres for the developed and advanced traits, resulting in $1 billion annual royalties to you. Does this mean that the total savings or additional productivity is, or yield is, $2 billion-$3 billion on this 250 million acres? Is that? I'm just trying to triangulate some numbers here. Well, I'm gonna let. You've heard us often. I'm gonna take the soft side and let Peter take the hard side of it. But any revenues we have, by definition, result in direct savings to the farmer. You know, we're dealing with, you know, in rice, they've never had a gene-edited trait for herbicide traits, and so this is a big savings in rice and in pod shatter. It's been an immensely powerful new trait. And if we can do sclerotinia, it is the toughest crop in Europe and by definition in canola and in soybean. Every dollar we get results in a direct increase in decrease in cost for the farmer. Peter, you want to add anything to that? I know I. Yes, I do. Thanks, Amit, for the question, because I think that, you know, as Rory stated in his remarks, we're really fortunate with our technology to be able to address what I see as multi-crop, multi-trait stackable traits, if you like, into very different geographies. And I think that's the area that we see the huge value drivers. So when you think about stacking traits and going across different crops, you can look at the market and even conservatively see these large numbers are generated over time with royalties. Just like we've seen in the market with the GMO traits. As we've stated before, you know, they continue to generate billions of dollars of royalties every year. So when you have compelling traits, and you're able to get them into multiple crops, and multiple geographies, that you create a huge amount of value. Yeah, yeah. No, it's, it's, it's remarkable, the market size as well as, your progress in, in trying to get to it. It's really amazing. I just had one last one, maybe for Wade. Is the goodwill impairment sort of out of the way, or, should we, I mean, should we see, again, at the end of the next year, some, mark to market or some revaluation there? Well, thanks for the question. I think you can expect us, every fourth quarter to reevaluate the goodwill impairment. This year was unusual in that following the merger, several things happened. Number one, you may recall the stock price at the time of the merger was, up about $30, and then when we did the impairment analysis in the fourth quarter, it was actually, closer to $10. And so that had a dramatic impact on the goodwill impairment analysis. And then secondly, as you know, back in the fall, in October, specifically, we right-sized our spending plans based on the near-term trait opportunities. Those things contributed the majority of impact to the goodwill impairment, charge. And so I think, you know, every year we'll reevaluate this. I think, I would expect this to be the one that's most significant by far, that jumps out, and obviously was largely related to a lot of merger dynamics and us right-sizing our spending plans going forward. And so, once again, in the fourth quarter, every year going forward, we'll expect to reevaluate that. And, we'll take it one step at a time in that regard. Understood. Yeah, I think the right sizing of spending was what I was missing in my thought process. Thanks, Wade. Thanks for taking my question. Yeah, thank you. Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. I'd like to hand the floor back over to Mr. Riggs for any closing comments. Thanks so much. This has been such a big year for us, and I think the thing we're most excited about is that we set out some really aggressive milestones that we thought were based on our technology and what we should accomplish, and we're pretty excited that we hit those. And that we set out some great milestones for next year, which will cement us being commercial. It's just customers having their traits, having a couple of new platforms. And so our, hopefully, our traits are not just us, they're traits that signify where the industry is moving and the ability for the industry to actually have this extension of a conventional breeding that's being done in a facility like The Trait Machine. So we're, we'd like to be known for having aggressive milestones, but hitting them. I just thank you for your support, and then we're really looking forward to this year as another year of amazing progression in the development of this industry. Thanks, team. This concludes today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation.