Good afternoon. My name is Brianna, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Cadence Q4 and fiscal year 2023 earnings conference call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speaker's remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. If you would like to ask a question during this time, simply press star, then the number 1 on your telephone keypad. Thank you. I will now turn the call over to Richard Gu, Vice President of Investor Relations for Cadence. Please go ahead, sir. Thank you, Operator. I'd like to welcome everyone to our Q4 of 2023 earnings conference call. I'm joined today by Anirudh Devgan, President and Chief Executive Officer, and John Wall, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. The webcast of this call and a copy of today's prepared remarks will be available on our website, cadence.com. Today's discussion will contain forward-looking statements, including our outlook on future business and operating results. Due to risks and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those projected or implied in today's discussion. For information on factors that could cause actual results to differ, please refer to our SEC filings, including our most recent Forms 10-K and 10-Q, CFO commentary, and today's earnings release. All forward-looking statements during this call are based on estimates and information available to us as of today, and we disclaim any obligation to update them. In addition, we will present certain non-GAAP measures, which should not be considered in isolation from or as a substitute for GAAP results. Reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP measures are included in today's earnings release. For the Q&A session today, we would ask that you observe a limit of one question and one follow-up. Now I'll turn the call over to Anirudh. Thank you, Richard. Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. I'm pleased to report that Cadence delivered an outstanding Q4, wrapping up a record 2023, achieving 15% revenue growth, 42% non-GAAP operating margin, and over 20% non-GAAP EPS growth for the year. We exited 2023 with a record backlog of $6 billion as customers increasingly committed to our chip-to-system integrated design and analysis platforms. We expect our innovative solutions to continue driving broad-based business momentum in 2024. John will provide more details in a moment. Regular trends of digital transformation, hyperscale computing, and autonomous driving, all bolstered by an AI Supercycle, continue to fuel strong broad-based design activity. We continue successfully executing our intelligent system design strategy that triples our TAM opportunity while greatly expanding our portfolio. Our innovative engine delivered several significant products, including most recently the revolutionary Millennium M1 platform, the industry's first accelerated multiphysics supercomputing platform. The platform tightly integrates our Fidelity CFD software with high-performance GPUs and combines AI, HPC, and digital twin technology to deliver an unprecedented 20x energy efficiency and up to 100x design impact. We were honored to have customers including Honda, Boeing, and GE as speakers at our launch event. We substantially grew our footprint at market-shaping customers and expanded our relationships with key ecosystem partners. We further our partnership with Intel Foundry through a strategic multi-year agreement on providing design software and leading IP at multiple Intel Advanced nodes, thereby advancing Intel's IDM 2.0 strategy and accelerating mutual customer success. Cadence is at the forefront of the AI revolution, closely partnering with marquee companies on their trailblazing AI designs for training and inference from cloud to the edge. NVIDIA and Cadence have collaborated closely over several years, and in Q4, we deepened our partnership through a meaningful expansion of our hardware solutions and EDA software. Earlier in the quarter, we announced our work on Cadence AI with NVIDIA's NeMo Retriever, and now we are thrilled to deepen our partnership and extend it to the new Millennium multiphysics supercomputer and SaaS solution, which is co-optimized with NVIDIA's accelerated computing and AI platform. As the exclusive EDA partner of Arm Total Design, Cadence and Arm are closely collaborating to accelerate the development of custom SoCs based on the Neoverse Compute Subsystem. Over the year, we have continued building out our generative Cadence AI portfolio, the industry's broadest AI offerings spanning chip to board to system, and delivering exceptional optimization and productivity benefits. Earlier in Q2, we introduced Virtuoso Studio and Allegro X AI, bringing AI to custom analog and PCB designs. In Q4, we added Voltus Insight AI for automatically addressing voltage drop violations. We also pioneered bringing LLM capabilities to chip design, successfully helping Renesas accelerate functional specification to final design. Accelerating momentum of our Cadence AI portfolio has led to an almost tenfold increase in the number of customers adopting our GenAI solutions in 2023, as customers embrace the technology to develop optimized products much more efficiently. Now let's talk about some of the product highlights for Q4 and 2023. Rising system complexity and challenges stemming from the growing hyper-convergence of the electrical, mechanical, and physical worlds are driving the need for a seamless platform solution across design, packaging, simulation, and analysis. We made this a core tenet of our intelligent system design growth strategy six years ago, and our system design and analysis business continued a strong momentum, delivering 18% year-over-year growth in Q4 and 22% growth for the year. PCB and advanced packaging are linchpin technologies that sit at the crucial intersection of mechanical and electrical domains, and Cadence's rich heritage in these areas remains a key strategic differentiator, especially in the emerging chiplet era. We continue advancing these technologies with Allegro X AI, providing greater than 10x acceleration in PCB design, and endorsed by Schneider Electric and Kioxia at its launch. Our multiphysics analysis portfolio couples our expertise in physics-based modeling with AI-driven optimization and is delivering superior results to customers across multiple vertical segments, especially aerospace and defense and automotive. Recently, we launched Celsius Studio, the industry's first complete AI thermal design and analysis solution for electronic systems, delivering up to a 10x performance benefit over legacy systems with endorsement by Samsung and BAE Systems. Wistron, a leading technical services provider, uses Optimality's AI-driven optimization technology and Clarity for fast, accurate electromigration in design analysis, improving design reliability while realizing a 2x improvement in turnaround time. Our digital IC business finished another strong year with 22% revenue growth in Q4, as our solutions continued gaining share at market-shaping customers, especially at the most advanced nodes. Our digital software is proliferating in all top 20 semiconductor companies, and our digital full flow was adopted by 34 additional customers during the year. We are very pleased with the accelerating momentum of our flagship Cadence Cerebrus GenAI solution, whose transformative PPA and productivity benefits have led to its deployment in all our top 10 digital customers and used in well over 300 tapeouts. In Q4, Cadence Cerebrus run rate more than quadrupled at several market-shaping customers, and it also drove significant digital full flow expansions at two top-tier semi-customers. Our Integrity 3D-IC platform is the industry's only unified 3D-IC design and analysis platform and ties our best-in-class SoC and package design technologies with system-level planning and analysis. In Q4, GUC successfully used Integrity to tape out a complex 3D stacked die design with a wafer-on-wafer structure on an advanced FinFET node. Next, I will talk about our functional verification business, which had another remarkable year, delivering 11% year-over-year revenue growth in Q4 and 22% growth for the full year. Escalating system and software bring-up challenges, along with pressing need for first-pass silicon success, continue driving strong demand for our functional verification solutions. Our best-in-class Dynamic Duo of Palladium Z2 and Protium X2 platform delivered another record year with strong momentum across AI, hyperscale, auto, and mobile. Virtually all of the top hyperscalers are Palladium customers, and the majority of them are also Dynamic Duo customers. Last month, we announced a new set of Palladium Z2 applications that included the industry's first four-state emulation and mixed-signal modeling capabilities that will significantly accelerate SoC verification. Marquee customers, including NVIDIA and Samsung, supported the announcement. Our hardware family added 26 new and over 110 repeat customers during the year, with the top three deals being with a global marquee system company, the leading AI system company, and the leading communication services company. Demand for the duo greatly exceeded our expectations when more than two-thirds of the orders in the year included both platforms. Our custom IC Virtuoso and Spectre franchise solutions tackle the most complex challenges in analog, mixed-signal, RF design, and circuit simulation, and are increasingly crucial for our customers. Building on our market leadership, our custom IC revenue grew 16% year-over-year in Q4. Customer interest in our recently announced Virtuoso Studio is strong, with over 2,000 downloads so far, and adoption of our newer Spectre platform products continues to ramp. Virtuoso had a major win with a top global memory company, which replaced its internal tools with our technology. Our IP business drove a strong finish to the year, growing 36% year-over-year in Q4. We continue to sharpen our Star IP strategy with a targeted acquisition such as Rambus PHY IP and Invecas to capture market opportunities offered by AI and heterogeneous integration. Customer interest in the Rambus PHY assets, especially HBM and GDDR IP, have been extremely positive, which have already been instrumental in closing some strategic deals. Our Invecas acquisition is also highly synergistic to the strategy, adding a skilled engineering team with expertise in delivering custom solutions across design, product engineering, advanced packaging, and embedded software. In closing, we are pleased with our outstanding performance in 2023 and are excited by the business momentum and market opportunities in 2024. Now I will turn it over to John to provide more details on the Q4 results and our 2024 outlook. Thanks, Anirudh, and good afternoon, everyone. I'm pleased to report that Cadence delivered a strong Q4 and 2023 driven by growth across all of our businesses. Robust design activity and customer demand, coupled with our strong execution, helped us to achieve revenue growth of 15% and EPS growth of over 20% for the year. Q4 bookings were strong, and I'm pleased that we achieved record backlog and record current remaining performance obligation levels, finishing the year with approximately $6.0 billion in backlog and approximately $3.2 billion in CRPO. Here are some of the financial highlights from the Q4 and the year, starting with the P&L. Total revenue was $1.69 billion for the quarter and $4.90 billion for the year. GAAP operating margin was 31.5% for the quarter and 30.6% for the year. Non-GAAP operating margin was 42.9% for the quarter and 42.0% for the year. GAAP EPS was $1.19 for the quarter and $3.82 for the year. Non-GAAP EPS was $1.38 for the quarter and $5.15 for the year. Next, turning to the balance sheet and cash flow, our cash balance was $1.08 billion at year-end, while the principal value of debt outstanding was $650 million. Operating cash flow in the Q4 was $272 million and $1.35 billion for the full year. DSOs were 43 days, and we used $700 million to repurchase Cadence shares during the year. Before I provide our outlook for Q1 and 2024, I'd like to share some assumptions that are embedded in our outlook. In 2023, our upfront revenue mix increased to approximately 16%, largely due to strong hardware demand. In 2024, we expect another record hardware revenue year and strong IP growth. As a result, at the midpoint, our outlook assumes that our upfront revenue mix for the year will increase to approximately 17.5%. In Q1 2023, our upfront revenue mix was approximately 20%, largely due to our effort to improve hardware delivery lead times at the start of last year. In Q1 2024, at the midpoint, our outlook assumes an upfront revenue mix of approximately 14%. Our non-GAAP EPS outlook is based on a tax rate of 16.5%. And finally, our outlook for Q1 and 2024 is based on our usual assumption that export control regulations in place today remain substantially similar for the remainder of the year. In our outlook for 2024, we expect revenue in the range of $4.55-$4.61 billion. GAAP operating margin in the range of 32%-33%. Non-GAAP operating margin in the range of 42%-43%. GAAP EPS in the range of $4.08-$4.18. Non-GAAP EPS in the range of $5.87-$5.97. Operating cash flow in the range of $1.35-$1.45 billion, and we expect to use approximately 50% of our free cash flow to repurchase Cadence shares in 2024. For Q1, we expect revenue in the range of $990 million to $1.01 billion. GAAP operating margin in the range of 24.5%-25.5%. Non-GAAP operating margin in the range of 36.5%-37.5%. GAAP EPS in the range of $0.74-$0.78, and non-GAAP EPS in the range of $1.10-$1.14. And as usual, we published a CFO commentary document on our investor relations website, which includes our outlook for additional items as well as further analysis and GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliations. In conclusion, I am pleased that for 2023, we achieved revenue growth of 15% and EPS growth of over 20%. We achieved the seventh consecutive year of over 50% incremental non-GAAP operating margins, resulting in non-GAAP operating margin of 42%. And we finished the year with record backlog and CRPO, setting ourselves up for a great 2024. As always, I'd like to thank our customers, partners, and our employees for their continued support. And with that, operator, we will now take questions. At this time, I would like to remind everyone who wants to ask a question to please press STAR, then the number 1 on your telephone keypad now. We ask that you please limit yourself to one question and one follow-up. We will pause for a moment to compile the Q&A roster. Your first question comes from Jason Celino with KeyBanc Capital Markets. Please go ahead. Hey, guys. Happy Monday. So maybe my first question on the backlog strengths, you know, really impressive, especially given the hard year-over-year comp. John or Anirudh, I guess what drove the strength here? It sounds like it's hardware-related, or maybe it's broad-based. Anything helpful? Jason, yes, the, it was very broad-based, broad-based across geographies and broad-based across all of the businesses. Actually, on the hardware front, you might recall this time last year, we finished with over 6 months of backlog for hardware. We addressed those lead times at the start of the year. And now we're down to a more normal 8 weeks of hardware backlog. So when you compare the backlog at the end of 2023 against the end of 2022, I think it reflects, you know, strong bookings, broad-based bookings across all geographies, across all businesses, but on the hardware side, slightly less hardware or maybe less hardware certainly in backlog at the end of 2023 versus the end of 2022. Okay. And then, you know, when we think about 2024 as a whole, is it a big renewal year? Or I guess how does 2024 look compared to other years, particularly 2023, when you think about renewal timing and things like that? Thanks. Yeah, great question, Jason, that, your last year was kind of very heavily weighted towards the second half of renewals. We don't expect it to be that, heavily weighted in the second half this year. In terms of looking at software renewals and when they, when they come due, if you look at the annual value, it's probably weighted 40% first half to 60% second half. Thank you. Your next question comes from Charles Shi with Needham & Company. Please go ahead. Hi, good afternoon. I guess, top of the mind of many investors, can you guys provide any thoughts on the Synopsys and Ansys merger or whatever you call it? Especially now, Cadence probably needs to execute on that intelligent system design strategy more in an organic way than in an inorganic way. Any thoughts would be great. Thanks. Yeah, hi, Charles. It's Anirudh. So as you know, we have been executing on our intelligent system design strategy for six years now. You know, we started this in 2018. And we know for a while that there will be this convergence of, you know, electrical and mechanical domains, this convergence of system and semi-companies you know, semi-companies becoming system companies and system companies doing silicon, as you all know. And now we have commented that about 45% of our, you know, business is coming from system companies. But this is not, I mean, we have been executing on this from 2018 and focusing on, of course, our core business, which is EDA, expanding into SDNA, which is what we call system design and analysis, and of course, AI over the last, you know, five, six years. If you look at our results on SDNA, you know, even in 2023, our business revenue is up 22% in SDNA. It has been up more than 20% for the last several years, whereas that market is not really, you know, growing at that rate. So we are gaining a lot of share in SDNA. And this is primarily due to, you know, our products, right, and our customer response. So the customers have really, you know, embraced our strategy and embraced our product differentiation. So we first started with Finite Element with Clarity. And that is, you know, benchmarking very well, winning a lot of share, a lot of customers. And then recently, you must have seen our new product in CFD. You know, CFD is a big market. That's, you know, there are two big simulation areas in SDNA. One is Finite Element, which we are already ahead. The other is CFD. And with Millennium, this is like one of the most revolutionary products in CFD in the last 30 years. And I can tell you more about Millennium later. So then the third thing in our SDA strategy is we are the only company that has a, you know, very strong position in packaging and PCB, which is critical for chiplets and 3D-IC. So overall, you know, I feel very confident in terms of our market position. You know, the strategy we have implemented for six years. And I see a lot of, you know, growth and momentum going forward. Yeah. Thanks, Anirudh. Maybe a follow-up. I do want to dig a little bit into your digital IC design and the sign-off revenue. You reported last quarter, I think it's exceeding $300 million when it has been bumping along $250 million since, I think, early part of 2022. But it then does seem to show some real really good strength since second half 2023. You talk about the share gains. I and I do understand this is the part of where you have the most overlap with your direct competitor Synopsys. And just really curious how sustainable is the strength you saw in Q4? And is there any color you can provide us on what's driving the revenue upside for that business in Q4? How should people think about the sustainability of that? Thanks. Yeah, hi, Charles. That's a good question on digital. I mean, there are multiple reasons driving that. But I would say the main reason and we had good growth in Q4, as you saw in our digital business. But of course, the main reason that's driving that is the AI Supercycle. You know, so there's a lot more design activity. You will notice some of our key partners, you know, increasing the cadence of their major kind of product development. So there's AI you know, in AI, we participate in several ways. One is just the build-out of the AI infrastructure, which is, you know, of course, a great partnership with NVIDIA and all the other hyperscalers. And then also, you know, our AI-enabled products like Cerebrus and Optimality and overall AI portfolio. So as I mentioned in my prepared remarks, you know, Cerebrus, which is the flagship product for digital, you know, implementation using AI, you know, our business, you know, went to 4x, right? So that's also providing a lot of growth in terms of so there's one, there's overall much more design activity, especially at the most advanced node. And then AI products, you know, provide acceleration on top of that. And then the other thing that I had mentioned before, but, you know, as people use Cerebrus, which is the overall AI product in digital implementation, it also has a pull-through of the full flow, you know, not just place and route, but also synthesis and sign-off. So what I'm very pleased to see is, one, AI products like Cerebrus are doing well, but they're also pulling through synthesis. Our position has improved dramatically in synthesis in the last one year, and also a lot of sign-off engagements. Overall, I'm pretty pleased with the technology progress, the AI progress, and also engagement with some big customers that traditionally were not using Cadence. Now, like we mentioned, all top 20 customers are using Cadence solutions in digital. So we'll see how it progresses, but I think it's good progress on digital. And I expect that to continue. Charles, I would just add to that that in Q4, we saw some very good cash collections from customers that were kind of lower creditworthy customers that we didn't think we would collect those, that cash. So it wasn't in our forecast. So we had some upside from that. Thanks. Your next question comes from Vivek Arya with Bank of America Securities. Please go ahead. Thanks for taking my question. I actually had a question on growth, just kind of first on the segment side. IP growth has been more modest than the entire company growth. So I was hoping if you could give us some color on that. But then, Anirudh, my bigger question is that, you know, when I look at the overall sales growth for Cadence, right, so 19% in 2022, then 15% last year, and now 12% is what you're guiding to for this year. I mean, these are impressive growth rates versus the semiconductor industry. But still, it shows a deceleration, right, for the last few years, which is very different than the acceleration that we see for a lot of other semiconductor companies that are exposed to the AI and generative AI theme. So what is the right way to interpret this, you know, deceleration in your sales? Like, should we be expecting acceleration back at some point as some of these AI initiatives get bigger? Or what, what is the right way to interpret, and, and, you know, compare your growth rate versus the acceleration of growth in, in a number of the AI names? Yeah, very good question. So first on the IP part, you know, like in 2023, I think first three quarters, we had, you know, the growth was much more challenged. It's primarily, you know, with the compare the previous year, but as any and some of the macro uncertainties. But as you can see in Q4, we had very strong growth in IP, you know, more than 30% growth in IP. And also, this whole AI Supercycle, as you know, is driving much more disaggregation, right? So the 3D-IC is concentrated at HPC and AI application. And that requires more IP, you know, like UCIe or SerDes IP, and then HBM and memory IP. And that's why we, you know, acquired assets of the five assets of Rambus. And overall, our own portfolio in UCIe and DDR and all is doing pretty well. And then we did several acquisitions to improve our talent in IP. So overall, I do think because of AI, because of our own actions, that IP should do much better in 2024. You know, that's our current modeling. And 2023 had some, you know, unusual challenges, like I mentioned. But going forward, you know, IP business should improve. And we have focused on profitability over the last few years in our IP business. And I think I'm pleased to say that the profitability levels are we are happy with now, okay? So now, I think we can, you know, focus more on growth and expanding our portfolio. And you may have also seen that, you know, there's all these other activity at more at most advanced nodes and, you know, more foundries. We're also pleased with our partnership with Intel Foundry that we just announced today. And also all the other major foundries. But we're glad to do much more with IFS. And that should also help our IP business, you know, going forward. And Vivek, I'd just like to add. I mean, you, you asked about how to look at the, your revenue growth. We, we tend to look over a three-year CAGR because most of our customers are on three-year baseline contracts on the software side. And if you look at, you know, since 2017, our three-year CAGR has been accelerating, and it continues to accelerate. In 2022, we hit 15%. We actually exceeded 15% on a three-year CAGR basis. For last year, we're very, very pleased that we were over 15% again. And then for you know, at the midpoint of the guide for 2024, the three-year CAGR is, about 15.3%. So that would be three consecutive years, of over 15%, revenue growth on a three-year CAGR basis. Now, from time to time, you can get some lumpiness in things like hardware timing or, or IP timing. And that can distort individual quarters or individual years. But we do think looking over a three-year CAGR basis is probably the best way to look at it. That's how we look at it ourselves. Got it. And for my follow-up, maybe John on one or two clarifications. What's the assumption for China contribution in 2024? And then, the incremental EBIT, I think, from the guidance, it seems like it's below 50%, right? It's still impressive, but it is below what we have been used to the last few years. So if you could clarify that, that would be very helpful also. Thank you. Yeah, sure. Great questions again, Vivek. On the incremental margin front, we typically don't start the year in the initial guide with over 50%. We tend to start lower than that. And we build towards greater than 50% with growth through the year. As you know, we always like to underpromise and overdeliver. But if you look at our incremental margin over the last few years, it was slightly lower in 2023 compared to previous years. And that's because, you know, on the organic side, we had incremental margins north of 55%. But we did some acquisitions. And typically, when you have an acquisition, it can be dilutive in the early year or two. And that's a bit of a headwind for incremental margins. In relation to China, glad you asked me about that. But China, the last four years for China, China's contributed 15% of our 2020 revenue, then followed that with 13% of 2021, 15% in 2022, and 17% in 2023. Now last year, I think China benefited from that large hardware backlog that we had. There was kind of an outsized portion of that backlog was for the China region. So it was a boon year last year for China. I wouldn't expect to repeat that this year. In fact, our guide, we'd expect China to be flat or slightly down. So we've kind of de-risked China into the 14%-15% range for this year, which would be consistent with the previous three years. Great. Thanks very much. Your next question comes from Gary Mobley with Wells Fargo Securities. Please go ahead. Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my question. Let me apologize in advance for the background noise. I wanted to ask about the disconnect between record levels of CRPO and what is assumed in your revenue outlook and as well your higher outlook for upfront revenue. And so, you know, why the assumption that less of that CRPO translates into revenue in fiscal year 2024, especially considering the higher mix of upfront? Yeah, Gary, good questions. Yeah, in terms of CRPO and the relationship between CRPO and this year's revenue, if you recall last year, we had over six months of hardware backlog in CRPO at the end of 2022. So, a large portion of our hardware revenue in 2023 came out of backlog at the end of 2022. That, you know, we ramped up production capacity. And we're back to more normal levels of about eight weeks lead time now for deliveries on hardware, which is really important for customers. Customers want to be able to, you know, purchase the hardware, and feel like they're going to get delivery of that hardware within a year. So typically, your revenue on hardware is more correlated to your production capacity than it is to what's coming out of backlog versus what's coming out of new business in the year. And as a result of addressing those hardware lead times, the revenue profile for this year takes a slightly different shape to 2023. In 2023, in Q1, we had a lot of hardware coming out of backlog. In 2024, we expect another record hardware revenue year. And the business is planning to build more hardware each quarter throughout 2024 to meet that demand. But there's kind of more of. I guess hardware revenue is expected to grow quarter-over-quarter this year, whereas last year, Q1 was our biggest hardware quarter. Just, just to be clear, John, CRPO does not include hardware backlog, but RPO does? Oh, CRPO would include hardware. I mean, the, you know, even when you have over six months hardware delivery lead time, it would all be expected to revenue in a year. So that's although it's in your backlog, it's also all in your CRPO. So CRPO last year would have had a lot more hardware in it than CRPO this year, certainly on the product revenue side. All right. I wanted to circle back, Anirudh, on a metric you gave in your prepared remarks. That is a quadrupling of the Cerebrus run rate at several market-shaping customers. So should we take that to mean the annual contract value, for those who took Cerebrus at market-shaping customers quadrupled? Or, or maybe if you can just clarify that if I'm missing that. Yeah, hi, Gary. So, yeah, I think Cerebrus is doing very well. You know, it's deployed at all the top 10 customers. And actually, even AI in general, we mentioned number of customers engagements are up like 10x in, in the last 12 months. And so Cerebrus, you know, run rate, as, as we have mentioned before, the Cerebrus business, first, the customers, you know, will try some, and then they will adopt more. So I think it's what, what's good to see in Q4 is at what people were you know, what the customers were doing. And, and then they have they have adopted that in, in a much bigger at a much bigger rate. So we are happy to see that. I think there's still, you know, room to go in that. You know, like we have always mentioned that we, we think it'll take two contract cycles. And we are like, that's six years. And we are like two years into it or two or three years into it. But that's good in our model, right? We want we want consistent growth going forward. But yes, the uptick in Cerebrus is, is very promising. And then, you know, the other products are, came a little after Cerebrus, like Verisium or Allegro X AI or Virtuoso Studio or Optimality. And they're also seeing good progression. So overall, in terms of AI, you know, what I'm very happy about is, you know, we, we are as I mentioned this before also in the last call, you know, we have three big ways to, to benefit from AI. And this is true for any kind of new technologies. You know, if you there are a lot of comparisons to AI. But if you compare it to, like, the internet, you know, the first phase is the infrastructure development, okay? So and this are, you know, this our marquee partnership with NVIDIA, which we have had for more than a decade. And we talked about it today, you know, with developing AI products with them, you know, them developing their own chips. You know, Palladium, we are a development partner with NVIDIA in Palladium for more than a decade. And that also puts Palladium in a very, you know, strong position with all the other kind of AI developments. So that's the first phase of AI benefit, which is more the infrastructure. And then the second phase is, like, what you asked, which is, you know, our own products. And it started with Cerebrus in the digital side. But now, we have five major kind of Copilot, you know, platforms in all the five businesses. And those are progressing pretty well, moving from, like, initial deployments to more wider deployments. And that's the second phase of AI deployments in which AI will be adopted into existing products, you know, like chip design and system design. And one thing I want to point out is, you know, there's a lot of talk of what is a good application for AI. I believe one of the best applications for AI is chip design. It's because over the last 30 years, we have done so much work in automatic chip design. You know, we have a language like RTL. We have all kinds of optimization we have built in. So the chip process is already very automated. So it's an ideal thing to apply AI on top of it, you know, for chip and systems design, which is what we are seeing. And then the third phase of AI is new products that it will enable. And I have believed for several years, and that's why the investment in OpenAI, the biggest new market that AI will enable will be life sciences, okay, and biosimulation and bio life sciences. And I think you will see that, you know, in years going forward. So there are these three phases of our AI activity. One is AI infrastructure. Two is applying AI to our own products for chip and system design. And third is AI in bio and life sciences. So overall, I'm very pleased, very confident in our positioning in AI and the results we are delivering. Thanks for the detail. Your next question comes from Jay Vleeschhouwer with Griffin Securities. Please go ahead. Thank you. Good afternoon. Anirudh, you noted the large number of new products you've introduced just in the last year, Virtuoso Studio, Optimality, Allegro X, and so forth. And then, of course, Millennium just a couple of weeks ago. Could you talk about how you're thinking about the contribution of those, incrementally, collectively this year, as part of your guidance and perhaps even rank the ones that you think might be most incremental to your revenue growth this year, over and above the preexisting products such as the Novus and the sign-off products? And then I follow up. Yeah, hi, Jay. Good question. I mean, as you know, we are a very innovative company. And we have done that for, for years now. And we invest one of the highest percentages of R&D, you know, of revenue into R&D. And then it's good to have all these new products in multiple areas, you know, of course, the three big areas being, like, EDA, SDA, and AI. But we don't try to, like, you know, rank our children. You know, we want all the all of them to do well. And it's also difficult to predict, you know, how, how it'll because these are all for, for the long run, right? So there is, of course, a lot of momentum with, with the AI products. There's a lot of momentum with, with 3D-IC and chiplet, as you know. There's Millennium, I'm super excited about. I think this is the biggest, you know, innovation in CFD in the last 30 years. And you know, I talked about the three-layer cake, right, you know, which is AI orchestration at the top layer, physical simulation, you know, physics-based modeling at the middle layer, and then accelerated compute at the bottom layer. And, you know, CFD needed to be disrupted in that context, right? So we have a you know, and we didn't talk about it much when we made the acquisition about, you know, two years ago. It's this acquisition from Stanford Cascade, which is very, very high fidelity, very accurate CFD. So we had that at the heart of it. And then AI on top and then accelerated compute at the bottom together with, you know, an NVIDIA. And this completely, you know, changes the game in CFD. For the first time, we are able to simulate entire cars and planes in a few hours. It's almost emulation for, you know, systems that has never been possible before. So there is a lot of potential in Millennium now. Because Millennium is a new product, we are offering both cloud and, you know, on-prem. You know, Palladium is mostly, as you know, in our on our chip business, Palladium is mostly on-prem. But Millennium is both in CFD. And right now, the most of the customers are choosing the cloud version, which is great. It's more ratable, okay? So then Millennium and then, you know, you must have seen today, we have this great partnership with Dassault. Actually, I'm also pretty happy about that. You know, Dassault is a leader in, you know, PLM and MCAD and overall partnership. We have, you know, broadening partnership with Dassault. And then we talked about our IP business, how that can grow, and this new partnership with Intel and IFS. And hardware continues to do well. So I think it's good to have multiple engines, you know, contributing to the growth. And then we always focus on margin at the same time. So we are well positioned going forward. But, you know, it's difficult to predict which one will do better than the others. And we don't guide on a product basis anyway as you know, yeah. Right. So that's a good segue to my follow-up. And since you mentioned Dassault, Cadence is actually quite visible here at the conference today. And so my question is, when you think about your SDA strategy generally and perhaps CFD specifically, could you talk about the kind of resources and investments you're having to make to effectuate that strategy, beyond or over and above the core EDA strategy? And what do you know now about those markets that you might not have known three, four, five years ago when you were much earlier in developing the strategy? Yeah, Jay, that's a good question. I mean, one thing to point out, you know, our SDA business is about in 2023, is about 12% of revenue. So it's already at a good pace. And also, it has enough scale now, you know, to apply significant of R&D to that space and also simulation space, right? We know simulation space pretty well. And, and there is a lot of high R&D synergy from our EDA R&D to SDNA R&D. So I'm pretty happy with how much R&D we have invested. And we'll continue to invest there. But at the same time, it is also very profitable, okay, which is, you know, which our, our model always, right, is not just revenue growth but also profitability. It, you know, which we, you know, when you ask me what, you know, we thought it should be more profitable when we started six years ago because simulation is more profitable in EDA. And so that's what is playing out in SDA. So it is pretty profitable. And you know, it has played out roughly to the extent I thought it would. You know, you know, simulation always is accuracy first and then performance and capacity. And the market is always looking for new simulators, new and that's how it has played out in electromagnetics. And then in CFD now, I'm much more confident with this disruption, this massive disruption with Millennium. And the key thing with Dassault and we have mentioned this before, you know, as we, you know, I'm very confident in SDNA. You know, you can see in terms of product synergy, product differentiation. But we have always said that we are a computational software company. So that also means what we will not do, right? So typically, things in the system space which are not as computational are things like PLM, things like, you know, implementation, MCAD, mechanical CAD platforms. And Dassault is the clear leader in those. You know, they are. They're great in PLM. They are great in, you know, with SolidWorks, in CATIA in the high end. So it's a perfect partner for Cadence, you know, as we focus on computational software and EDA and SDA, you know, packaging and PCB to partner with Dassault. And we're glad to see that expansion that was announced today, yeah. Okay. Thank you, Anirudh. Your next question comes from Harlan Sur with JP Morgan. Please go ahead. Hi. Good afternoon. Thanks for taking my question. You're back to your IP business, it was up four or five percentage points last year. And I know that it was a relatively tough comp relative to 2022. But I would have thought that the growth in IP would have been closer to your overall growth just, you know, given that higher chip design complexity does motivate your customers to license more IP in order to drive efficiencies in their chip design cycle time. So was there some customer push-off of IP into this year just maybe given timing of customer programs? Or was there some other dynamic at play? And then relative to your outlook for 12% total growth this year, how do you think your IP business does this year? Yeah. Yeah, good question. I think, the shape of the IP revenue last year was a little atypical. I mean, I think the two reasons were because last in 2023, we had very, very strong Q4. But first three quarters were not strong at all. So overall year is, you know, in the single digits, like you mentioned, but very strong Q4. So I think there are a couple of reasons for that. And one is that there were some tough compares from 2022 to 2023 in IP, especially in the beginning of the year. And then, like we had mentioned, you know, of course, last couple of years, the macro environment has been tough, though it is improving now. And then IP typically gets affected more than others, you know, in terms of a tough macro semiconductor environment. So as a combination of that, I think the first three quarters were more challenging. But Q4 and then going into this year, I am pretty cautiously optimistic about IP. You know, one, our portfolio is better, you know, is broader. And then this whole AI Supercycle, like I mentioned, and then, you know, new engagements we have, like with IFS and other companies. So overall, I feel better about 2024. You know, John, you want to comment about the com p? Yes, yeah. Of course, it is. Harlan, that, as you know, we always focus on profitable and scalable revenue growth. And the IP revenue contributes largely to our upfront revenue percentage. But last year for 2023, our upfront revenue percentage increased from 15%-16%. That was on the back of a strong record hardware year. But as you say, IP revenue growth was quite, quite low in comparison to prior years. This year, we're expecting the 16% to go to 17.5%. That's because we expect both of those to contribute significantly to improvements in upfront revenue this year. Then, you know, we expect the IP growth to be to be higher than Cadence average this year. We'll see how it plays out, okay? Yeah, yeah. Perfect. No, thank you for that. And then, good to see the strong outperformance on the SDA business, right, up 22% last year, certainly outpacing the overall market and your peers in that segment. The recent Millennium M1 supercomputer, I think, is a great example of the synergies between your chip design portfolio, your SDA portfolio, right? You're basically taking the success you've had in hardware-based verification and emulation, sort of bringing that same concept to your SDA portfolio. Seems like there would be a lot of untapped demand for hardware acceleration within your SDA customer base. Like, how big is this market opportunity for the team as you look out over the next several years? Oh, absolutely. You know, even for 30 years, even when I was in grad school, you know, I always believed that hardware acceleration is a massive opportunity for EDA and SDA in general. And you see that borne out in Palladium. So we have always dreamed about hardware acceleration. And that's why this three-layer cake, you know, hardware acceleration is the bottom layer. And of course, AI orchestration is the top layer. And a perfect example is Palladium. Now, in Palladium and hardware emulation, you know, what happened is, you know, if you look at overall function verification on the chip side first, you know, it's more than a $2 billion business, okay? I think if you look at all the software and hardware became roughly 50% of that. So hardware-assisted verification became almost 50% of chip verification. Now, CFD is also a $2 billion business, okay? And it needed this hardware-based, you know, acceleration along with AI. So I don't know whether it will play out the same way. But there's the potential of a big portion of CFD to go to hardware-based acceleration, okay? Now, it will take a few years, okay? And we are clearly leading in that. And the other thing it does, hardware-based acceleration or, or emulation for CFD, is it will improve the, the area it will improve the market size of CFD as well, you know? Like, I was talking to one of these big, aerospace companies. And, and they said, "Current CFD, you know, the current simulation is only done to 20% of the flight envelope," okay, "which is unheard of in, in chip design, right? In chip design, we simulate 99-point-some% of the use cases so that when the chip comes back, it works. But if you look at the system domain, because the accuracy is not there, because the speed is not there, they're only covering 20% of the use cases. And all of them only in software. So the potential with Millennium is, one, that 20% goes to much closer to, you know, much higher than 50%. And then a big portion of that can go to hardware-assisted, emulation and verification. And by the way, the same thing can repeat again. This three-layer cake can repeat again in bio, which is a few years out, okay? But I think right now, the opportunity is there in system simulation and CFD. So I'm pretty optimistic. But it's a new use case for that market. You know, sometimes the new use cases can take some time to deploy, you know? So we always have to be cautious about that. But oh, the response so far has been so phenomenal. And people see this and because they were doing some of this themselves, you know, the customers. But to have a combined solution with AI, software, and hardware, and you are exactly right. It mimics, you know, our success we have done on the chip side, yeah. Yeah. Insightful. Thank you. Your next question comes from Gianmarco Conti with Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead. Yeah. Hi there. Thank you for taking my questions. So I know you've touched on this already. But could you run us again through the phasing of top line and margins through 2024 guidance as well as providing some more color on what is causing the lower level of revenue seasonality in your Q1 guidance, given Q1 implies 22% versus the median of 25% over the past seven years in terms of its seasonality? Can we explain this, perhaps, by hardware and/or IP timing? Or is there something else? Thank you. Thanks, Gian, for the question. But, yeah, on the revenue side, we expect 2024 to take a slightly different shape to 2023. That's largely a function of the revenue mix, by quarter. You'll recall, last year in 2023, we had 20% upfront revenue in Q1 when the year ended up at 16%. But, this year, for Q1, we're expecting 14% in Q1 when the year is expected to be 17.5%. So clearly, from that, you expect that we'd expect that upfront revenue to increase quarter after quarter this year, whereas last year, Q1 was really the high watermark for upfront revenue. And then on the expense side, you know, we've invested heavily. We have about 1,000 extra heads, this year. And that's for continued innovation. And, you know, we're launching new products all the time. But, so that expense on some of the acquisitions is more front-loaded for the year. And as a result, that's kind of feeding into lower margins for Q1 in comparison to the rest of the year. For Q2, Q3, and Q4, we'd expect margins to be similar or higher than last year. Yeah, I think that's those are probably the main things to get across. Yeah, that was really good. Thank you. Really helpful. And perhaps just one last follow-up on commentary around expectations of operating cash flow into next year. I mean, the lower end kind of seems flat. So perhaps, what are the moving levers there? And also, how come 70% of the backlog is flowing into 2024 compared to 70%-75% in 2023? Thank you. Yeah, Gian, yeah, let me take the second part first. And I'll come back to the cash question. So last year, we had over six months of lead times for hardware delivery time lead times. So there was a lot of last year's hardware revenue came out of backlog. The 5% shift can pretty much all be allocated to less hardware coming out of backlog for this year. Now, hardware revenue for the year will probably be more a reflection, like it has been the last few years, of just how much hardware we're able to produce in the year. And we expect to increase hardware production each quarter for this year to meet the demand that we're expecting. Last year, the operating cash flow was kind of muted. It was less than, although we beat on all our metrics, we came in just under the midpoint of $1,350. I think it was $1,349 for operating cash flow. But that included us investing, spending a lot to ramp up on purchases of advanced raw materials to build that inventory that we believe we need for hardware this year. We intend to do that again in Q1. But so we've already included that in our operating cash guide. So we're investing some of that operating cash to improve gross margins by pre-purchasing a bunch of raw materials that we believe we need to keep up with the demand on the hardware side. Now, the other thing I wanted to highlight is that the business's forecast for hardware is, again, for another record hardware revenue quarter and revenue year and for hardware demand to continue to accelerate quarter after quarter this year. Normally, I wouldn't include some of their expected demand for the second half. But until I see the you know, I kind of it's a pipeline business. So we look at lead times. We look at the pipeline kind of closer to the summer before taking up the second half of the year. So the guide does not include the full forecast from the business. I like to hedge that back in the second half, until we get to the summer. I'd prefer to see the pipeline come through. Then there is potential to take a second half higher, when we see that pipeline. That was fantastic. Thank you. Very clear. Your next question comes from Josh Tilton with Wolfe Research. Please go ahead. Hi guys. Thanks for taking my question. John, you kind of anticipated what I was gonna ask, with your last comment there. So I just wanna clarify very simply. Should we just interpret what you said as that even this strong upfront revenue guide, which I think implies another year of 20%+ growth, would still fall under the motto of under-promise and over-deliver? Yeah, I think that's fair. That's fair. But I didn't include the full forecast. The guide would have been higher. Of course, we have strong IP as well this year. I mean, certainly compared to last year. IP didn't contribute a huge amount. I mean, it's been great business for us. But we're much more confident going into 2024 of the IP contribution to 2024 revenue. But hardware is gonna be strong. Again, I mean, by nature, we always like to kind of hold back on the second half guide for hardware until we see the pipeline in around summertime. So I haven't included the full forecast from the business in the guide. Super helpful. And then, just my follow-up is, how do you see the competition, maybe specifically in digital, changing, if at all, if Synopsys can indeed close this Ansys acquisition and fully integrate Ansys's toolset into their design flow? Well, I don't think that will change the competitive landscape at all. That's my assessment in digital or even in SDNA. Because digital, anyway, we are competing very effectively in the marketplace. And with this AI, you know, it is pulling in a full digital full-flow position. I think your comment may be more tied to, you know, part of digital, which is like 3D-IC. But with 3D-IC, we have always talked about there are three big portions of 3D-IC. You know, there is the actual chip implementation tools, which is, I mean, digital is much bigger than that, right? Digital, we have a very big business, which is growing at all the top 20 customers. But 3D-IC has these three components to it. One is the chip design tools. So in chip design tools, you know, we are the only company that has both analog and digital chip implementation, okay? And the second part in 3D-IC is package design. And Cadence is the leader in package design. And that thing is definitely very strong differentiation no matter what the M&A news is outside. And then the third part is the simulation tools like thermal and electromagnetic. And there, we are already doing pretty well. So I'm very confident in our product positioning and competitive advantage no matter what happens on the M&A side. Because anyway, we are competing very effectively. And then, the other thing that is good about Cadence is we also formed very strong partnership in the ecosystem. You know, we talked about Dassault on the SDNA side. But the other one that I wanna highlight, you know, we have a lot of news today. But one of the things I wanna highlight is our partnership with Arm. You know, Arm is also expanding into what they call Total Design, you know, going into more towards silicon, more towards custom solutions. And we are the exclusive partner with Arm as they go implement that. And that really also helps our digital business. And, so overall, I feel pretty confident in our digital position, including 3D-IC, yeah. Super helpful. Thank you, guys. Your next question comes from Ruben Roy with Stifel. Please go ahead. Yeah. Thank you. Anirudh, I just had a quick question, I guess, to go back to the Vivek question on growth rates. I understand the three-year CAGR. It's been excellent. It's been growing. And that's really nice to see. But, you know, when you think about these phases of AI at this point, is it too early to start thinking about contribution from AI as you go through these renewals? I mean, can you talk about, you know, how if there is if you're seeing an impact yet or what that impact is or how we should think about AI as, you know, sort of you think about the next three years or contribution to growth looking forward? Yeah, I think AI is definitely helping us already. Like you mentioned about our AI, you know, tools by itself has gone up by, by 3x. And then Cerebrus is more, you know, higher than that. And then also, AI itself is, you know, the infrastructure part of AI, you know, like our partnership with NVIDIA and all the hyperscalers. So, so overall, we are pretty pleased with that. But of course, you know, we are mostly a ratable business. So these things take, like, multiple years to, you know, bleed in. And, and I think that's fine. You know, our model always is to have, you know, strong revenue growth and margin growth. So I think this thing will still take, multiple years to come into the our model. But that's I think that's a good thing. It provides multiple years of growth, yeah. Yeah, I think it's very early innings right now on the AI adoption. We've been focused mainly on proliferation, and we're very, very pleased with the uptake of our AI tools and just how strongly they're growing on the booking side. It is starting to feed into the P&L already. But as Anirudh says, because it's ratable, that takes time to show up in total. But very, very early innings in adoption of AI tools right now. I think there's a lot more to go. Right. Right. Okay. That's very helpful. Thanks, guys. And then just quickly, John, you talked a lot about the hardware. And I think it's pretty clear at this point. But just to make sure I understand, sounds like lead times have normalized. Is that correct? And also, in terms of, you know, sort of the visibility you get from your, you know, customer base, that hasn't changed, right? Is that what you're saying in terms of, you know, kind of how far out your customers are ordering? And, I guess, it would be just a, you know, kind of a function of increased attach rates, which is giving you the confidence that you're gonna have another big growth year in hardware. Just wanted to make sure I'm thinking about that correctly. No, I think you are. Yes, yeah. I mean, the business has great confidence in terms of what they're hearing from customers and customers' plans and budget plans. But, you know, I've pushed back on the forecast. And as you know, I mean, hardware itself, from a purchasing perspective, has some degree of seasonality in it. That, like a Q4 would always be bigger for purchasing activity from customers than a Q1. And now that we're down to more normal lead times, you kind of have that growth quarter-over-quarter built into the forecast. Now, again, I've been conservative in the second half on that forecast. But still, even with my conservatism, I still have the second half being higher than the first half for hardware. Got it. Okay. Thank you. Your final question comes from Joe Vruwink with Baird. Please go ahead. Great. Thanks for squeezing me in. Just to follow up on some of the earlier questions. So I, I think of your growth as being tied to the R&D budgets at your customers, not the revenue at your customers. And certainly, R&D budgets, they, they tend to move around more steadily, perhaps. And then, Anirudh, you mentioned earlier, you know, a lot of your revenue is ratable at the same time. So basically, changes can take some time to work through the model. I just wanted to ask, though, 'cause I think 2024 has the potential to see a pretty big inflection in R&D spending within the semi-customer base. If you are, are maybe seeing that, you know, A, is it included in your outlook starting the year? And then B, if it does end up moving higher and influencing kind of renewals and purchasing decisions, does that actually manifest in a bigger way, probably more in 2025 than it really would in 2024? Yeah, Joe, that's a very good observation. I mean, definitely, the you know, we are like, you know, we are very diversified. We are very ratable. We are tied to R&D, which are all, you know, good things in our model. And then the mood seems to be changing a little bit. You know, 2023, as we have mentioned before, was a tough environment, though we kind of grew very well. And there was some change, I feel, in Q4 in the overall I mean, you guys know that as well, in the overall macro sentiment. And, and maybe there will be more investment, you know, in 2024 and 2025. But I think we based our outlook and John can comment more and more on the backlog that we see rather than guessing what will happen in 2024 and 2025. But if there is an improvement in R&D, then that's good for our business. But we do see that there's a lot of design activity. And, you know, and then we see our position improving EDA and IP, especially this year, and continuing expanding in SDNA and AI. Yeah, certainly. Everyone seems to be more optimistic this time this year compared to this time last year. This time last year, everyone was asking me, "When, when was the recession gonna happen?" but this year, you know, design activity seems to be strong. You know, even when we talk about China, we're still seeing strong design activity in China. But I de-risked the guide for that 'cause, you know, part of the large outperformance of China last year in achieving 17% of our revenue was because of that hardware backlog. And now that we're back to more normal lead times, I thought it's prudent to assume that China revenue drops back to prior levels of between kind of 14%-15%. But, so that's embedded in the guide. I thought the right. I mean, we always take the approach this time of the year is always try to de-risk the guide for the things that, we think people might be concerned about. That, and then have the business focus on doing the, the best, best business with customers for the long term. That, we always feel our, our Cadence employees do the best business when they're not chasing. Okay. Yeah, I think that's all smart. And then I guess, John, just on kind of your approach to forecasting the upfront revenues, you know, I think in 3Q, you were kind of intimating that, "Look, we're running at kind of an elevated share of total. We haven't typically been 15% coming from upfront products. So maybe it normalizes. And now it's changing. And suddenly, it's gonna remain a higher share of total." Can you just go into what changed in 4Q? And is any of that kind of AI obviously, verification hardware. I mean, these AI designs basically need the cutting edge. Is AI acutely being seen in the strength of your hardware order activity? Yes. Yeah, of course. And partly, it's the—I mean, if you've seen over the last number of years, we've seen the upfront contribution to our revenue mix has been increasing. And it went from 15% in 2022 to 16% last year. And I think what you're referring to is it's we expected to go to 17.5% this year. That's a virtue of an expectation that we're gonna have another record hardware revenue year. We expect stronger IP growth this year compared to last. We feel much more confident in contribution from IP growth. And of course, we're launching new products all the time. Now, in relation to things like Millennium, we expect a large part of Millennium sales to be cloud-based. But maybe not all of them will be cloud-based. I think that's another tailwind potentially for upfront revenue for the year. But, I've hedged back slightly what I expect in the second half 'cause I'd like to see the pipeline in the summer before we take that up even higher. But the forecast is higher than 17.5%. But I'm only comfortable with going out with a guide of 17.5% for upfront revenue for this year. Great. Thank you very much. AI, and just to add, I mean, AI contributes to, I mean, the AI design activity, as you know, contributes to hardware strength given our strong position. And also, AI is more HPC and chiplet-based. And it does help our IP business as well. And then all the comments on Millennium. So but let's see how it progresses. But yeah, I mean, the IP is also strong this year along with hardware and Millennium, yeah. Okay. Thank you. I will now turn it back to Anirudh Devgan for closing remarks. Yeah, thank you all for joining us this afternoon. It's an exciting time for Cadence as we enter 2024 with product leadership and strong business momentum. Our continued execution of the intelligent system design strategy, customer-first mindset, and a high-performance and inclusive culture are driving accelerating growth as we grow our core EDA business while expanding our portfolio. Fortune and Great Place to Work named Cadence as one of the world's best workplaces in 2023, ranking it number nine. On behalf of our employees and our board of directors, we thank our customers, partners, and investors for their continued trust and confidence in Cadence. Thank you for participating in today's Cadence Q4 and fiscal year 2023 earnings conference call. This concludes today's call. You may now disconnect.