Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you all for participating in today's conference call. On the call from Certara, we have William Feehery, Chief Executive Officer, and John Gallagher, Chief Financial Officer. Earlier today, Certara released financial results for the third quarter, ending September 30th, 2023. A copy of the press release is available on the company's website. Before we begin, I would like to remind you that management will make statements during this call that include forward-looking statements, and actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in forward-looking statements. Please refer to slide two in the accompanying materials for additional information, which you can find on the company's investor relations website. Management may mention some non-GAAP financial measures in their remarks or responses to questions. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are available in the recent earnings press release on the company's website. Please refer to the reconciliation tables in the accompanying materials for additional information. This conference call contains time-sensitive information and is accurate only as of the live broadcast today, November 8th, 2023. Certara disclaims any obligation, except as required by law, to update or revise any financial projections or forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events, or otherwise. With that, I will turn the call over to William. Thank you, David. Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining Certara's third quarter 2023 earnings call. John and I will start with prepared remarks, and then we will take your questions. In the third quarter, Certara saw sequential improvement and stabilization in overall business trends, with bookings growth in both software and services. Total company revenue in the third quarter was $85.6 million, up 1% compared with the same period a year ago. Software revenue in the quarter was $31.3 million and grew 10% versus last year, and services revenue was $54.2 million and declined 4% versus last year. Over the past several months, we have seen a stabilization in activity across the portfolio, though there are some areas of the business that continue to experience more near-term uncertainty than we are, than we are accustomed to. We continue to see strong indications of interest for our biosimulation software and services across all tiers of customers. We are executing well on the operational and commercial plan outlined during the second quarter earnings call. Our commercial alignment is beginning to take form, with some early enterprise leads already converting to bookings and revenue across the platform. As we make improvements to operating efficiency of the services organization, we continue to identify best practices which can be implemented more broadly. We are encouraged by initial progress towards our revised goals for the year, and we remain focused on consistent execution heading into the fourth quarter and into 2024. Our third quarter software bookings were $27.2 million, which represented 7% growth versus the third quarter of 2022. Reported software bookings growth was impacted by the timing of certain renewals, with some having booked in the second quarter and some to be booked in the fourth quarter. Software bookings growth was also impacted in our Tier One customer segment as a result of industry and macroeconomic headwinds. Despite this, the average software deal size across all customer tiers continued to rise, continuing to grow at double digits. We are encouraged by a return to growth for our bookings among smaller biopharma companies, and we continue to see broad recognition of the value delivered with biosimulation, which instills us with a lot of confidence in future software performance. Throughout 2023, our software team has continued to make progress on key business and product development initiatives. Since its acquisition in 2021, Pinnacle 21 has become an integral part of Certara's software strategy, and we have developed software features that expand upon Pinnacle 21's initial capabilities. Throughout 2023, we have introduced Pinnacle 21's data exchange offering, which helps customers organize and standardize their data from multiple sources using the CDISC standard. We've also introduced automation for the data management and preparation process involved in SDTM formatting, a key component of data submission. Looking ahead, we believe there will be additional opportunities to expand our Pinnacle 21 offering to complement existing applications. We also continue to make progress in advancing biosimulation with the newest addition to Certara's biosimulation software family. We launched Simcyp Biopharmaceutics, a version of Simcyp targeted specifically at scientists working on formulation development. This product continues our strategy of expanding biosimulation by releasing tailored tools aimed at specific scientific problems. Additionally, we continue to invest in developing artificial intelligence capability within our existing software platform. Earlier this year, we acquired Vyasa to kickstart our AI-enhanced product development efforts, and in early October, we announced the availability of Certara.AI. Certara.AI is a platform designed to deploy client-specific GPTs to answer in-depth questions throughout the drug development process. Certara.AI is unique because it is built using Vyasa's deep learning algorithm, and the data used includes a library of over 60 million life science research documents and the company's and the client's proprietary databases, yielding a powerful and proprietary model. One recent advance is our integration of AI in our regulatory writing software, which is called CoAuthor. CoAuthor uses artificial intelligence to aid in drafting regulatory submissions. The product can auto-populate content, summarize studies, craft messaging, and aid the author to deliver the submission. Use of Certara.AI and CoAuthor has the potential to drive substantial documentation and writing efficiencies over time. CoAuthor, Certara.AI and D360 are all examples of products that are either Vyasa enhanced or developed using Vyasa technology relatively quickly. While it is still the early days in AI, we are very excited about the potential that artificial intelligence and machine learning can bring to Certara's products, and in turn, our customers. Shifting now to our technology-driven services segment. Third quarter bookings totaled $57.6 million, representing 6% growth compared with the third quarter of 2022. During the third quarter, we observed initial signs of a more stable spending environment among our biopharma customers compared with our second quarter performance. We delivered strong bookings with Tier Three customers. In addition, services bookings among our Tier One customers improved sequentially and grew in the low double digits compared with the prior year period. Following the consolidation of our services business, we are confident the changes being made will improve coordination in operations and commercial efforts. Certara's regulatory bookings improved sequentially, tracking slightly ahead of our revised internal expectations and grew compared with the same period last year. We remain committed to driving improved performance in our regulatory business over the coming months, and we believe the ongoing integration with the biosimulation services business will help improve the pace of performance. Biosimulation services also performed in line with our expectations, and we saw a pickup in customer activity throughout the quarter. Broader industry demand for our services is steadily improving, and our customers continue to see substantial value in our broad offering of biosimulation services. By bringing Certara's expert consultants on board, our clients gain significant value and efficiency for their projects. As we drive the adoption of biosimulation software, we expect to see increased demand for our services, and we are pleased with the current momentum and trajectory of our business. To close, we are confident in our ability to execute on our plan to drive long-term growth in biosimulation. Certara's platform provides a differentiated offering that continues to be prioritized by customers due to the value we can provide in lowering costs and accelerating timelines to drug project completion. As we look ahead to the fourth quarter and beyond, our focus remains on driving consistent execution to best position ourselves for future growth. I now turn the call over to John to review our financial results. Thank you, William. Hello, everyone. Total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was $85.6 million, representing year-over-year growth of 1% on a reported basis and flat on a constant currency basis. Software revenue was $31.3 million in the third quarter, which increased 10% over the prior year period on a reported basis and 9% on a constant currency basis. Growth in the quarter was driven by biosimulation software and Pinnacle 21. Ratable and subscription revenue accounted for 68% of third quarter software revenue. Our quarterly performance is in line with past Q3 seasonality, and we are pleased with the year-to-date performance in software, which is growing in line with expectations. Software bookings were $27.2 million in the third quarter, which increased 7% from the prior year period. Trailing twelve-month software bookings were $133.1 million, which increased 13% as compared to the prior year. The software aggregate renewal rate was 86% in the third quarter, and our net retention rate was 107%. We continue to expect that our renewal and retention rates for the full year will be in line with historical company averages. Services revenue was $54.2 million in the third quarter, which decreased 4% versus the prior year period on a reported basis and decreased 5% on a constant currency basis. Services bookings in the third quarter were $57.6 million, which increased 6% from the prior year period. Trailing twelve-month services bookings were $270.7 million, which decreased 4% as compared to the prior year. Services bookings have shown signs of improvement as we have progressed through the back half. Total cost of revenue for the third quarter of 2023 was $35.9 million, an increase from $32.8 million in the third quarter of 2022, primarily due to employee costs related to Biosim services billable headcount growth. Total operating expenses for the third quarter of 2023 were $102.5 million, including a $47 million goodwill impairment expense, an increase from $41 million in the third quarter of 2022. The components of operating expenses are as follows: Sales and marketing expenses were $7.2 million, compared to $6.4 million for the third quarter of 2022. This increase is primarily due to employee costs related to expanding the sales and marketing teams. R&D expenses were $9 million, compared to the $6.3 million for the third quarter of 2022. R&D expenses were up primarily due to employee costs for software development related to new product offerings, including the AI products William mentioned earlier. G&A expenses were $27.8 million, compared to $17.3 million for the third quarter of 2022. The increase was primarily due to contingent consideration expense on acquisition. Intangible asset amortization was up to $11.2 million, compared to $10.6 million for the third quarter of 2022. Depreciation and amortization expense was $0.4 million, which is flat to the prior year. Continuing down the P&L, interest expense was $5.9 million, compared to interest expense of $5.2 million for the third quarter of 2022, due to higher interest expense relating to our floating rate term loan. As a reminder, we have about 78% of our debt fixed at 6.38% and roughly 22% floating at LIBOR plus 350. Miscellaneous income was $5.1 million, compared to $2.9 million for the third quarter of 2022. We have a $4.6 million income tax reversal due to an impairment loss, compared to a $4.6 million expense for the third quarter of 2022. Net loss for the third quarter of 2023 was $49 million, compared to net income of $3.9 million in the third quarter of 2022. Reported Adjusted EBITDA was $28.8 million, compared to $32.7 million for the third quarter of 2022, a 12% decrease. Adjusted EBITDA margin was 34% in the third quarter of 2023. Reported adjusted net income for the third quarter of 2023 was $17.1 million, compared to $16.6 million for the third quarter of 2022. Diluted earnings per share for the third quarter was -$0.31, compared to $0.02 in the third quarter of 2022. Adjusted diluted earnings per share for the third quarter of 2023 was $0.11, compared to $0.10 in the third quarter of last year. Now moving on to the balance sheet. We ended the quarter with $272.3 million of cash and cash equivalents. As of September 30, 2023, we had $292.2 million of outstanding borrowings on our term loan and full availability under our revolving credit facility. As we approach the end of the year, we are reiterating our 2023 guidance as follows: We expect total revenues between $345 million and $360 million, representing year-over-year growth of 3%-7%. We expect Adjusted EBITDA in the range of $120 million-$128 million. We expect adjusted EPS in the range of 44-48 cents per share. Fully diluted shares in the range of 159-162 million, and a tax rate in the range of 25%-30%. We expect 2023 bookings to be down low single digits as compared to 2022. I will now turn the call back over to William Feehery for closing remarks. Thank you, John. To summarize our message today, we have seen a stabilization in customer spending, which is reflected in our third quarter results. Our core growth drivers remain intact, and we are creating new products and services that will further advance the business. The value proposition of biosimulation and Certara's end-to-end products and services remains as compelling as ever. We are confident that Certara is well positioned for growth and profitability over time as a global leader in biosimulation. We will now open the line for questions. Operator, can you open the line? Thank you. At this time, we will conduct the question-and-answer session. As a reminder, to ask a question, you will need to press star one one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. Our first question comes from the line of Jeff Garro with Stephens Inc. Your line is now open. Yeah, good afternoon. Thanks for taking the questions. First one for me, just wanted to hit on the software side of the business, and maybe you could talk a little bit more about the software renewal rate in the quarter. And, you know, I think in the deck, I see a comment on the, the tier one customers and some issues related to, to timing. So just curious about that renewal rate and how we should also think about that in the, the context of the SaaS versus license mix on the software side. Yeah, great. Jeff, this is John. Happy to take that. Yeah, on the aggregate renewal rate, it's at 86% this quarter. It's impacted by some timing, both a pull ahead into Q2 and then some push into Q4. So I guess what we'd say about that, too, is as you look at our history, we typically do have a—so we've seen this kind of volatility before. We typically do have a quarter that has the aggregate renewal rate in the 80s, and so Q3 for this year is shaping up to be that. As we look forward to Q4, we expect the aggregate renewal rate to return into the 90s. Understood. One more for me, hit the services side of things and want to talk about bookings. You know, great to hear the, the comments on the end market stabilizing and improving through the end of the quarter and, you know, I think positive booking results for the quarter. You know, want to ask about that in context of Q4, which is typically a, a very seasonally strong services bookings quarter for you guys. I want to give you the opportunity to set the, the right expectations as we think about how services bookings land for, for Q4, you know, quarter-over-quarter versus Q3, but also year-over-year versus the, the strong Q4 you had last year. Great. Thanks, Jeff. This is Bill. As you pointed out, we did have a nice recovery in our bookings and services in Q3. I think a lot of that is due to our new reorganization, having a combined sales force and some very good execution by that team, which I think is hopefully a sign of more of that to come. I think we feel pretty good about Q4. I mean, you know, based on customer conversations we've had, we feel pretty good right now about the deals in the pipeline for Q4 and services. So we expect to, you know, continue along the guidance pathway that we gave you guys before. Great. Thanks again. I'll hop back in the queue. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of David Windley with Jefferies. Your line is now open. Hi, good evening. Thanks for taking my question. I think, I heard you say, John, that, that you're still in the guidance commentary, you're still expecting low single-digit decline in year-over-year bookings. I wanted to confirm that. And then in the, in the context of that last quarter, I think you had talked about, regulatory services bookings typically having, some chunkier amounts that often fall in the fourth quarter, and I think you were not assuming that that would happen this time around. So kind of looking for confirmation around the total, but then also some color around the regulatory services traction. Yeah, sure, David. Yeah. So, yeah, we are confirming that the expectation on the full year is that bookings contract in the low single digits, so that's consistent with what we said on the August call. Specifically related to regulatory, we were pleased with the return to growth, and we see that as strong execution. So thanks to the team for a job well done there. We had said on the August call that the pipeline for business, that we have visibility to the pipeline, that it was really a matter of focus and execution, and that we were there to compete, and we did that. You know, sharpened our pencil a bit on price, but still within, you know, the historic norms and nothing unusual from price. So, you know, we're pleased with the momentum that we generated there. Both, you know, not only in regulatory, but also in biosim services coming off of a weak Q2, of a good stabilization and return to growth in Q3 was... We were pleased with that. Okay. I want to transition then, to a kind of staffing question or labor question, and wondering how the, the utilization levels of your services project, billable project teams or project individuals, looks at the moment with, you know, with, with bookings having lagged a little bit. I wondered if, if the team was fully utilized or at normal utilization levels. And then from a hiring standpoint, you know, what is the, you know, what is your hiring outlook, or what's your pace of hiring, and what kind of, you know, labor market, labor inflation, environment are you seeing currently? Thank you. Yeah. So utilization, as we look at the services business, is consistent with our expectations. So you know, we've got utilization is, of course, it varies by project and by customer, but overall, utilization is performing in line with our expectations during the quarter, and we don't see any reason why that would stop in Q4. From a hiring perspective, you know, recognizing the environment that we're in, we have slowed hiring a bit, but not related to the pockets that you know that are generating the revenue for us. So as it relates to billable headcount, we have continued to hire and we continue to do so. We've slowed it in other pockets of the business, really in the non-billable space. Got it. And then, if maybe I'll just ask that question a slightly different way. So, gross profit margin was pressured just a little bit. It was a little lower than we were looking for, but then it was also lower year-over-year.... I guess what I'm digging for is the drivers of that. You know, was it a utilization issue? Was it a labor rate issue? Was it a mix of business issue? I'm just trying to understand that a little bit better. Right. Yeah. Yeah, it's it is the fact that, I mean, look, you know, the revenue that we had in the quarter was lower, as you saw, it was 1% growth. We continue to invest in the business. That's why I mentioned, you know, we slowed certain pockets of hiring, but we are continuing to hire. We don't believe that a restructure of our cost base is the right thing to do. It's that's a short-term focus, and we believe that in the opportunity over the long term and the growth prospects that you heard Bill mention in the prepared remarks remain fully intact. And so as a result of those investments, then you do see the margin. The margin is 34% on the quarter, which, to your point, was off a little from the typical 35+. So, David, to that, to what John said, I'll add, it also the utilization changed a bit during the quarter, particularly in regulatory. So coming out of the poor bookings in Q2, we were a little light going into the quarter, and then as our bookings recovered, we picked up. And so, you know, there was some costs that, that hit a little bit in the beginning of the quarter associated with that, too. Got it. Okay, that's helpful. Thank you. That's all for me. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Mike Ryskin with Bank of America. Your line is now open. Hey, guys, thanks for taking the question. I want to touch on some of the comments in your prepared remarks and some of the stuff you had there on the slides about, you know, early signs of market stabilization, stabilizing activity, some improving trends, et cetera. I mean, if we just look at the book to bill and the bookings, you know, yeah, there was some sequential improvement, but it was coming off a pretty low base. I guess what I'm getting at is, does one quarter make a trend or is it, you know, is it a little too early to call that? Especially as you said, that some of these businesses can be a little bit lumpy, timing can be a little bit off. Just what gives you confidence that this isn't just, you know, some of the usual noise in the business quarter to quarter, and it is a more real turnaround? Thanks. Yeah, Mike, thanks for the question. It's Bill. I think that to be fair, there is a fair amount of turmoil going on in the end markets here. There's certainly a decreased level of funding activity in the smaller biotech space and some indications of some restructuring going on in some of our larger pharma companies, and that probably does affect us by some amount that it's hard to quite quantify. So we're working through that part of the market. On the other side, you know, we have a very good position in biosimulation, which through that turmoil continues to grow. I believe that we as a company are executing better. As you know, we did some reorganization around our services business and around a unification of our sales force, so it can cover multiple products and services to the same clients. I don't think that transition is fully, you know, reached its peak utilization or peak efficiency that we can we could obtain, but we're getting some good traction out of that. And so I think the execution's been better there. As we look forward, you know, we looked really hard at our pipeline and our customer conversations, so we're feeling like, you know, the trend line is, it well, we'll put it this way, the way you put it, it's not an isolated point, this quarter, so. Okay. That, that's helpful. And maybe if I could squeeze in a follow-up, I think I guess to kind of follow up on Dave's question just now on three Q, spending and things like that. Just put it another way, EBITDA percent came in a little bit lower. EBITDA margin came in a little bit lower than we had, looked for. And I know that, again, three Q can often be, a low point for the year, and sometimes you have some quarter-to-quarter fluctuations. But just making sure, is there anything beyond that to call out? Just kind of working through the adjustments, especially with, with some of those one-time adjustments, it's a little bit, trickier to parse it out. I just want to make sure there's nothing unique about EBITDA in the third quarter that's worth calling out. Well, let me start this one, and then John may want to chime in. But I would just say that we're very committed and excited about some of the investments we're making in new technologies, and we haven't cut those investments. I referenced artificial intelligence, and we're also launching a lot of new products in QSP and in biosimulation. So despite the turmoil on the market, we know we believe in the long-term health of this, and we're continuing to invest through it. And so I think there's a little bit of reflection in our EBITDA margin for that. John, you might want to chime in, too. Yeah. Yeah, Mike, a couple of things to note. Like, as you called out, there's some, you know, there's some one-timers in here. But if you strip out those and you adjust the stock comp. Keep in mind, stock comp return to the Q1 levels in Q3. So, but if you strip all those away on an adjusted basis, what you'd find is that Q3 expenses, whether it be sales and marketing, R&D, or G&A, on a percent of sales basis, are consistent with what you saw in Q1 and Q2. So the quick answer is there's nothing really to call out there when you strip away the adjustments. Thanks so much. Appreciate it. Mm-hmm. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Max Smock of William Blair. Your line is now open. Hey, good afternoon, guys. Thanks for taking our questions. I wanted to start off just by drilling down on bookings a bit more. You know, I know total bookings in the quarter were in line with your prior commentary about bookings being flat quarter over quarter, but software was a little weaker than we expected and, and services better. So I know you reaffirmed your guidance for bookings being down low single digits in 2023, but just wondering if the math at all has changed in terms of bookings for each segment this year? Or maybe, put another way, how are you thinking about bookings growth for software and services in Q4? And assuming things stay stable from here, what does that mean for bookings next year? Thank you. Right. Yeah. So, yeah, listen, the software bookings on the quarter, as I mentioned earlier, the dynamics related to software had some Q2 pull-ahead effect and some push into Q4. But overall, like, when you look on a year-to-date basis, we've got double-digit software bookings growth. The trailing twelve-month bookings for software are 13%. So those are all indicators of strength for the software business. As it, you know, as it relates to next year, you know, obviously, we're not, we're not going to give guidance on this call. We will on the next one, but the thought there is, you know, we've got to focus on execution. You saw that in Q3. We believe the opportunity in Biosimulation is firmly intact, and you can see that in our results. And then, from an organizational standpoint, we've made some changes that will drive some acceleration. And then we've got a backlog that we're working through as well. So, all of those together, we think, spells growth into 2024. Okay. That's good to hear. Thanks for that color. I guess sticking with 2024, and you mentioned the backlog. Last quarter, you talked about actively assessing your existing backlog of projects, particularly in services. Just wondering if you could share some of the takeaways from this assessment, and just any context you can provide around how much you have in your services backlog currently, and how much of that backlog you feel confident could convert to services revenue here over, you know, by the end of 2024? Yeah. Yeah. Max, the good news on that front is that, as we look forward, our ability to convert that is going to be more meaningful than what you saw in the quarter. Because when you look at the, you know, there's, we grew services bookings on the quarter, which was great, but the services revenue was a decline year-over-year, and that's predominantly due to what we saw happening in Q2 bookings. So we have confidence as we move forward, that we'll be able to be converting the bookings that we've been posting and that the dynamic that we saw in Q2 and then the reversal of which we saw in Q3, is going to aid us as we move into next year. But just to be clear, in terms of your analysis of that, of that backlog rate, have you had to strip it, I guess, in terms of, like, the cancellation rate, have you seen an uptick in that relative to maybe what you expected in services? Or should we think about everything, or at least the vast majority of stuff that you've booked, you know, going back over the last couple of years, as still being part of that backlog and still more just a matter of if not... sorry, more a matter of when, not if, that actually ends up converting to revenue at some point? Right. Yeah, we have not had material cancellations, so, you know, we still maintain from our perspective that it's a slowness and a delay, particularly when you look at the Tier 1 customers. And so, you know, we saw some of that come back. Certainly, we saw average deal size. So, for example, you know, when we looked at the performance in services bookings on the quarter, we see average deal sizes for Tier 1s and Tier 3s were both growing double digits. So, that's a positive sign as we look forward. We're not really getting cancellations, but we do continue to see some delays and some slowness in the conversion, and that's reflected in what you see in the Q3 numbers. Got it. Perfect. Thank you. Mm-hmm. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Joe Vruwink of Baird. You may now proceed. Great. Hi, everyone. I think in years past, you've mentioned October is normally a big month for Simcyp renewals and just engaging with consortium members... I guess if that's still true, a few questions. One, you know, what did you see for software bookings? You're talking about Q4, but I'm wondering maybe how much of that's already in hand. And then I have a follow-up question. Yeah. So the momentum that we had coming out of Q3 is, you know, what we're seeing in October is consistent. That's what, you know, gives us the confidence to keep the guidance on bookings and revenue, and down the PNL intact where we're at. So, you know, as we look at October, that's part of what prompted us to stay where we are with the guidance ranges. Great. Thank you for that. And then, you know, just thinking of kind of the caliber of consortium members. Obviously, these are the type of organizations that are typically well into their budget planning for the next calendar year, and I'm just wondering if anything is coming up from kind of what you know around that whole planning process that makes you feel better or worse entering 2024? Obviously, things can always change, but, you know, in terms of any green shoots or early impressions, maybe what your takeaways might be. Yeah. Thanks a lot for the question. This is Bill. So, as you know, we don't break out Simcyp's numbers, but I would say that the demand for Simcyp continues to be quite healthy. We have launched two new versions of Simcyp, Simcyp Discovery, and then more recently, a version called Simcyp Biopharmaceutics, which are enabling our customers to expand the number of users who can potentially make good use of Simcyp. And so that's, I think, giving us some positive feeling about where that can go as we go into, you know, in the fourth quarter and then in the next year. These things do take some time to launch and to get out there. But I think that the underlying your question, you know, the Simcyp consortium kinda consists of mostly. It, It, it's not entirely the biggest companies, but they are the most active customers. And, what we're seeing is a continuation of their, you know, activity and biosimulation, and we expect further growth from them in this. Okay. Very good. Thank you. As a reminder, to ask a question, you'll need to press star one one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Vikram Purohit from Morgan Stanley. You may now proceed. This is Vikram. So, thanks for taking our question. So at this point, with one quarter left, what are the scenarios that you think could lead to the lower or upper bound of your year-end guidance? Thank you. Hi, Vikram. Yeah, it's John. Yeah, the way to think about that is, a number of things would need to decelerate to be at the lowest end. So to be at the very low end of our guidance range, we would need to see a reversal of the momentum that we saw in the services business, as well as deceleration in the software business. And to be clear, we don't see that. So that's... So obviously, there's a couple of months left here, and that's the reason to leave the room in place. But, but that's what would need to happen to get you to the lower end, and we're not seeing that at the moment. To be at the high end, it's really the opposite of that. We'd need to see acceleration in each of those fronts versus the momentum that we've already had coming out of Q3. So that's what would push us to the higher end. But to be clear, you know, we reiterated the guidance. It's obviously the midpoint there is $352.5 million, and we wanted to reiterate that guidance on this call. Right. And to add to John's point, one other thing I can add is that as we've pushed into some of our newer products, particularly in AI, we're finding a lot of customer interest. But to be to be honest about it, we don't have past data about how long those deals take to close. And so there's some uncertainty as we get into them about, you know, just how long does it take to close a, a deal for something that, you know, it's pretty new technology that the customers haven't bought before and we haven't sold before. So it's a, it's a very exciting field. I think it's, it's good in the future, but we've left ourselves some, some room there and recognition that those are just sort of, based on their newness, harder to predict. I see. Thank you. I'm showing no further questions at this time, so I'd like to now turn it back to William Feehery for closing remarks. All right. So thank you, everybody, for joining us tonight. Just to kind of summarize how we see the quarter, we're pleased that we saw a stabilization in bookings as we went into this quarter, coming out of where we were in the second quarter. Obviously, we're experiencing some, you know, some turmoil in the pharmaceutical market, and I'm quite proud of how the company is executing and adjusting through that. That said, we believe that that's relatively short term. We have a very firm belief in biosimulation and where that's going in the long run and the opportunity to continue to expand it. And we're really, really excited about what we're doing as we add in things like artificial intelligence and where that's taking us in the future. So we're continuing to invest in those. We're expecting those to lead to growth in the future, and we're looking forward to speaking with all of you next quarter. Thank you very much, and good evening. Thank you all for your participation in today's conference. This does conclude the program, and you may now disconnect.