Good day and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Credo Fiscal 2024 Q3 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. To ask a question during the session, you will need to press star one one on your telephone. You will then hear an automated message advising that your hand is raised. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, Dan O'Neil. Please go ahead. Good afternoon. Thank you for joining us on our Fiscal 2024 third quarter earnings call. Today, I'm joined by Bill Brennan, Credo's Chief Executive Officer, and Dan Fleming, our Chief Financial Officer. As a reminder, during the call, we will make certain forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that are discussed in detail in documents filed with the SEC, which can be found in the Investor Relations section of the company's website. It's not possible for the company's management to predict all risks, nor can the company assess the impact of all factors on its business or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. Given these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed during this call may not occur, and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied. The company undertakes no obligation to publicly update forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this call to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in the company's expectations, except as required by law. Also, during this call, we will refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures, which we consider to be important measures of the company's performance. These non-GAAP financial measures are provided in addition to and not as a substitute for or superior to financial performance prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. A discussion of why we use non-GAAP financial measures and reconciliations between our GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures is available in the earnings release we issued today, which can be accessed using the Investor Relations portion of our website. I will now turn the call over to our CEO. Bill? Thank you, Dan. I'll begin by providing an overview of our Fiscal Q3 results and our outlook for the future. Our CFO, Dan Fleming, will then provide a detailed review of our Q3 financial results and your expectations for Fiscal Q4. For Q3, Credo reported revenue of $53.1 million and non-GAAP gross margin of 62.2%. These results and our future growth expectations continue to be driven by the accelerating opportunity for high-speed and energy-efficient connectivity solutions throughout the data infrastructure market. Our connectivity solutions include active electrical cables, or AECs, optical DSPs, laser drivers, and TIAs, Line Card PHYs, SerDes chiplets, and SerDes IP licensing, each leveraging our SerDes technology. Core to Credo's success is our SerDes technology, which is the fundamental connectivity building block of all of our solutions. Credo continues to invest deeply in SerDes architectures that enable application-specific solutions optimized for speed, reach performance, energy efficiency, and cost. Our 100G per lane SerDes portfolio spans process geometries from 12 nanometer to 3 nanometer with optimized reach performance from the longest reach links to the most power-sensitive die-to-die links for chiplets. Credo will continue our innovation for 200-gig per lane SerDes as the opportunity to differentiate increases specifically related to the optimization of trade-offs between process geometry, DSP architecture, performance, and energy efficiency. Credo's SerDes technology expertise, combined with our system-level, customer-focused design approach, has led to our success with a diverse and growing set of industry-leading customers. In 2023, the technology industry experienced an inflection point driven by generative AI applications. The acceleration in the deployment of AI clusters has put high-speed connectivity on center stage given the fundamental need for higher bandwidth. For Credo, this need for higher bandwidth translates to the demand for higher speed, higher density, and more energy-efficient connectivity solutions. This plays directly to Credo's strength and underpins our growth expectations. I'll now provide more detail of our overall business. First, I'll discuss our AEC business, where Credo continued to build momentum during the third quarter. We believe our AEC leadership derives from our comprehensive systems-level approach to the AEC market. We've built this from the ground up over many years, and as a result, we now have the ability to quickly innovate to support the diverse AEC needs of our customers. Given increasing single-lane speeds and the shortcomings of both passive copper cables and active optical cables and transceivers, we foresee continuing adoption of AECs for in-rack connectivity. We expect U.S. hyperscalers to remain the majority portion of AEC demand in the foreseeable future. Many of these customers have distinct architectural requirements that demand innovation and tight collaboration between the engineering teams at Credo and the customer. We're engaged at different stages with the five U.S. hyperscalers, as well as other global hyperscalers and tier-two data center operators. We've delivered a range of products with non-standard optimized hardware and firmware features to meet our customers' needs for port speeds from 100G to 800G, depending on the customer application. Credo continues to work closely with our first two hyperscale customers, delivering AEC solutions for both front-end and back-end Ethernet networks, as each publicly highlighted during their conferences last quarter. We're gaining better visibility with these customers into their near-term product ramps, and we're also engaged in a range of AEC solutions to address longer-term roadmaps. While advanced programs of this nature take time to achieve material deployment rates, we continue to expect an inflection point in the second half of our Fiscal 2025. Credo is also working with additional U.S. and global hyperscalers to develop 400G and 800G AEC solutions that we expect will yield significant revenue for Credo in the future as next-generation network architectures transition to AEC solutions. Additionally, we see broader acceptance of AEC solutions among service providers and tier-two data centers. As a group, these customers represent a meaningful and growing revenue opportunity. Last quarter, we discussed the introduction of our P3 pluggable patch panel solution developed in collaboration with a lead service provider. Over the past quarter, we've been encouraged by customer feedback that the combination of the P3 and the AECs can help overcome multiple networking challenges related to power and thermal distribution, lane speed disparities, and the trade-offs of operational efficiency, latency, and power. We expect to generate meaningful future revenue as the P3 enables AECs to be easily utilized in a more broad set of opportunities, thereby expanding our addressable market. In summary, we were very pleased with our AEC progress in Q3, and due to our expanding customer base and focus on innovation, we expect further progress in Q4, Fiscal 2025, and beyond. Now, regarding our optical solutions, Credo continues to gain traction in the optical DSP market. During the third quarter, we continued production shipments of optical DSPs to multiple global hyperscale end customers for a variety of applications across numerous port speeds. We closely target the combination of optical module partners and hyperscale end customers, and we're making progress on optical DSPs for 400G and 800G optical transceiver and AOC opportunities. Enabled by our SerDes design approach, Credo wins by delivering a compelling combination of performance, energy efficiency, and value, as well as focusing on innovative ways to solve complex customer needs. Last quarter, we talked extensively about the industry call for action for better power efficiency for 800G and 1.6T optical solutions. As we discussed, we believe eliminating the DSP with the linear pluggable optics, or LPO, architecture is simply too far a leap, especially for 1.6T. Credo quickly responded with our innovative linear receive optics, or LRO DSP architecture, that directly addresses the power challenge while delivering better signal integrity, maintaining industry standards, IEEE compliance and interoperability, and extending to 1.6T solutions. Since our discussion last quarter, we've made meaningful progress. Our first 800 gig LRO DSP partner has built and tested 800 gig optical modules, and the results are exactly as expected, successfully delivering on the promise of much reduced power and great signal integrity while overcoming the shortfalls of the aspirational LPO architecture. Next month at OFC in San Diego, we'll be demonstrating both 800G LRO DSP and full DSP solutions, highlighting our progress. We'll be demonstrating 800G solutions with five different optical module partners. Our 1.6T roadmap includes both LRO DSP and full DSP solutions with 200G per lane speeds, with our top priorities being energy efficiency and signal integrity, which are both critical to achieve robust 1.6T optical solutions. We believe the growth in our optical business will be primarily driven by U.S. hyperscaler end customers, with further contributions from global hyperscalers. I'll now discuss our AEC business, which delivered another solid quarter in Q3. In this segment, our customers include networking OEMs and hyperscalers, and our products include retimers, gearboxes, and MACsec PHYs for data encryption. Our customers are the leaders in the space. We have close working relationships, and our design wins typically have long lifecycles once they ramp to production, contributing nicely to our overall results. In the upcoming months, we'll tape out our customer-sponsored 5 nm 1.6T MACsec PHY and our power-optimized 1.6T retimers and gearboxes. Credo is among the industry leaders for 50G and 100G per lane Line Card PHY applications. We have many customers that have deployed our 50G per lane solutions in production, and we count more than 10 customers designing in our 100G per lane Screaming Eagle Line Card PHY s. Now turning to our IP and chiplet business. Our SerDes IP and SerDes chiplet businesses continue to be a strategic component of our overall business. These solutions enable our partners to address the ASIC market for next-generation solutions. Due to revenue recognition rules, our SerDes IP revenue can vary meaningfully from quarter to quarter, which is what we saw in Q3 and will likely see in upcoming quarters. Our funnel for SerDes licensing opportunities remains strong, bolstered by the increased opportunity on ASICs with high-speed SerDes for data center applications. We have a comprehensive portfolio of SerDes IP for our ASIC customers, including 100G per lane SerDes across the broadest range of process geometries from 12 nm to 3 nm and the broadest range of reach performance from long reach to die-to-die reach. Our SerDes IP offering enables our ASIC partners to optimize their solutions for process geometry, reach, and power. Last quarter, our chiplet business was highlighted by a win with significant NRE at one of our leading customers for a next-generation five-nanometer chiplet solution, which speaks loudly regarding our differentiated SerDes portfolio. When complete, Credo will be able to market and sell this chiplet to the broad market. Overall, we remain optimistic about the prospects of the chiplet category given our results to date and due to our belief that chiplets will be a key enabler in the most advanced system solutions. In summary, we're pleased with our results for Fiscal Q3, and we're optimistic about the increasing market demand for high-speed connectivity. Credo's competitive advantage is driven by our focus and execution on our core SerDes technology, and that leads Credo to being one of few companies capable of delivering the necessary breadth of connectivity solutions at the highest speeds while optimizing for energy efficiency and system cost. For these reasons, we expect continued long-term growth across a diversified customer base and a diversified set of connectivity applications. I'll now turn the call over to our CFO, Dan Fleming. Dan will provide additional financial details, and then we'll be happy to take questions. Thank you. Thank you, Bill, and good afternoon. I'll first review our Q3 results and then discuss our outlook for Q4 of Fiscal 2024. In Q3, we reported revenue of $53.1 million, up 20% sequentially and down 2% year-over-year. Our IP business generated $1.3 million of revenue in Q3, down 83% sequentially and down 90% year-over-year. IP remains a strategic part of our business, but as a reminder, our IP results may vary from quarter to quarter, driven largely by specific deliverables to pre-existing or new contracts. While the mix of IP and product revenue will vary in any given quarter over time, our revenue mix in Q3 was 2% IP, below our long-term expectation for IP, which is 10%-15% of revenue. We expect IP as a percentage of revenue to be within our long-term expectations for Fiscal 2024 and near the high end of the range. Our product business generated $51.8 million of revenue in Q3, up 41% sequentially and up 24% year-over-year. Our top three end customers were each greater than 10% of our revenue in Q3. Our team delivered Q3 non-GAAP gross margin of 62.2%, above the high end of our guidance range and up 235 basis points sequentially. Our IP non-GAAP gross margin generally hovers near 100% and was 92.7% in Q3. Our product non-GAAP gross margin was 61.5% in the quarter, up 877 basis points sequentially due to a large increase in product NRE revenue, and up 1,420 basis points year-over-year. Total non-GAAP operating expenses in the third quarter were $30.6 million, above the high end of our guidance range, up 13% sequentially and up 19% year-over-year. Our OPEX increase was a result of a 24% year-over-year increase in R&D as we continue to invest in the resources to deliver innovative solutions. Our SG&A was up 12% year-over-year. Our non-GAAP operating income was $2.4 million in Q3 compared to a non-GAAP operating loss of $0.7 million last quarter due to increased top-line leverage. Our non-GAAP operating margin was 4.6% in the quarter compared to a non-GAAP operating margin of negative 1.7% last quarter, a sequential increase of 622 basis points. We reported non-GAAP net income of $6.3 million in Q3 compared to non-GAAP net income of $1.2 million last quarter. Cash flow used in operations in the third quarter was $1 million. CapEx was $5.1 million in the quarter, driven by R&D equipment and production mask spending. Free cash flow was negative $6.1 million, an increase of $3.1 million year-over-year. We ended the quarter with cash and equivalents of $409.1 million, an increase of $168.6 million from the second quarter. This increase in cash came from the net proceeds of our successful follow-on offering of shares completed in December of 2023. We remain well-capitalized to continue investing in our growth opportunities while maintaining a substantial cash buffer. Our accounts receivable balance increased 36.8% sequentially to $44.8 million, while day sales outstanding increased to 77 days, up from 68 days in Q2. Our Q3 ending inventory was $31.5 million, down $4.3 million sequentially. Now, turning to our guidance, we currently expect revenue in Q4 of Fiscal 2024 to be between $59 million and $62 million, up 14% sequentially at the midpoint. We expect Q4 non-GAAP gross margin to be within a range of 64%-66%. We expect Q4 non-GAAP operating expenses to be between $33 million and $35 million, and we expect Q4 diluted weighted average share count to be approximately 180 million shares. We are pleased to see Fiscal Year 2024 playing out as expected. The rapid shift to AI workloads has driven new and broad-based customer engagement, which has continued to enable us to diversify our revenue through Fiscal Year 2024 and beyond. As a result, we look forward to driving operating leverage in the coming quarters. With that, I will open it up for questions. As a reminder to ask a question, please press star one one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. In the interest of time, we ask that you please limit yourself to one question and one follow-up. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. Our first question comes from Toshiya Hari with Goldman Sachs. Your line's now open. Hi. Good afternoon. Thank you so much for taking the question. Bill, I wanted to ask you how you're thinking about your business over the next year or so. I thought the way you framed the AEC opportunity and the optical DSP opportunity, both in the near term and the medium term, was pretty consistent with how you sort of framed it three months ago. But I'm curious, just given the significant increase in AI spending infrastructure broadly, have you seen any of your customer projects either get pulled in or the sizing increase over the past 90 days? Or the way you're thinking about the additional customer in AEC, the engagements on the DSP side, are they pretty consistent with 90 days ago? And then I have a follow-up. Sure. I would say that, generally speaking, it's pretty consistent with what we've communicated in the past. We're really in the early innings of many of the opportunities, and we're going to see some variability as each one of these things ramp. I can say that we feel great about the fact that we've got more irons in the fire than ever before. I think from a revenue profile standpoint, we've been pretty consistent in saying that we see an inflection point in the second half of Fiscal 2025. Really no change. Got it. Okay. Thank you. And then a follow-up on gross margins for Dan. In the quarter, I guess even if you exclude the increase in NRE revenue, your product gross margins, I thought, were pretty good on a sequential basis. They improved quite nicely. What were the drivers there? And if you can provide a bridge from 62.2 last quarter to, I guess, 65 at the midpoint for this quarter, that would be helpful. And is there anything kind of one-time in nature embedded in the 65 for this quarter? Thank you. Yeah. That's a great pickup on your part because as we look at things, we thought kind of the hidden story is really that due to increasing scale and product mix, if you exclude NRE from our product gross margin, it was up 328 basis points sequentially, as you say, from 50%-53%. And that's in line with our messaging that we've given historically. We think we're well on track for attaining our long-term gross margin expectation, which is, again, 63%-65% within the next two years. And this is kind of a key part of that story is increasing product margins. Now, when it comes to Q4, the other thing I mentioned or alluded to, IP in Q3 was only 2% of our revenue mix, yet we said in our prepared remarks that we expect for the full year that IP as a percentage of the overall revenue mix will be at the high end of our long-term range of 10%-15%. So if you look year to date, IP has only been 9% of our overall revenue mix. So you could expect Q4 to be very strong in terms of IP deliverables, which, again, we recognize revenue upon those deliverables of IP databases under ASC 606. So IP has been quite variable quarter to quarter. Throughout FY2024, it's been highly variable. It's been very illustrative of that pattern. In a sense, you might say the IP portion contributing to the gross margin being 65% at the midpoint, that's a variable part of it. Having said that, the underlying thing to focus on is really product gross margin exclusive of NRE, and the trend there has been very favorable to us due to product mix and increasing scale. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Karl Ackerman with BNP Paribas. Your line's now open. Yes. Thank you, gentlemen. You tend to not be dictated by the seasonal variations of market each quarter. But since you happen to sell primarily into front-end traditional server market applications, I'm curious to hear whether you are seeing a cyclical recovery in traditional servers as new data centers are being built to really ameliorate the power limitation of installing GPUs, and therefore, you are seeing that happen and ramp now. So I think that the way that we view our AEC business is really broken out into two parts: front-end networks and back-end networks. And so the front-end connections that we're making for general compute as well as AI, they look very similar in a sense. I can tell you that the most history that we've got on the front-end network connections is really with our first AEC customer, Microsoft. And if we think back on history, the number of front-end connections associated with AI clusters is fewer than it's fewer in an overall volume sense because you've got one front-end network connection for maybe 6-8 GPUs, whereas there's one connection for every general compute server in comparison. And so we saw a big reduction in the forecast, which would clearly imply that they made a huge pivot towards AI. I can say that we've always expected a rebalancing. I think based on forecasts, I think we see that coming within the next 12 months, probably back-end weighted on the 12-month forecast. So I do think that we're seeing some of that movement. But again, we don't really get super specific visibility on that. I see. Thanks for that. For my follow-up, I was hoping you could address how large is your chiplet business today, and is that broadening into multiple customers, or is it still dominated by a single customer at this point? Thank you. We've got two customers in production now. One is Tesla, and one is Intel, and both have been publicly discussed. The expectation that we've had, we've been working on chiplets for several years, and we've been bullish on the space probably before the industry at large was talking about it. I think that the discussion that we've had about this recently is that it has become a nice portion of our business. But if I think about long-term, and I think about how the different businesses will break down, this is not going to probably rival the AEC business that we've got or the optical DSP business long-term. So it'll be a smaller component of our business but still very meaningful. And to answer the second part of your question, we've got a handful of customers that are engaging with us for chiplet designs. Understand that chiplets we design will be generally available to the market, even though typically, we have an initial sponsor that moves us in a direction on a given spec. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Tore Svanberg with Stifel. Your line's now open. Yes. Thank you. Bill, I was hoping you could update us on the AEC market, perhaps more in sort of form factor, right? So I mean, it's very clear that the AEC market is heating up. We're starting to see more competitors in the market. But everybody seems to take a different approach on the form factor, system versus chip. So I was hoping you could update us on where you see the market evolving over the next 18-24 months. And again, filling the entire system is still the way to go. Yeah. I think that the key for us is that we see the work required to bring an AEC to production with great performance, high quality, high reliability. It's really the same, whether one company is taking responsibility like we are or if many companies are trying to work together and sharing responsibility. Our feeling has always been that the most effective approach to bringing these products to market quickly is to take full ownership of all aspects of the hardware and the firmware design, the entire process to qualify and bring a product to production, and then ultimately be the responsible party for directly servicing and supporting during production. And so there's no lack of clarity for us and our customers as to who owns the responsibility during any stage. And as a result, we've been first to samples several times and first qualification now with several different customers. There's different approaches, but I think there's always going to be some signal loss as it relates to multiple parties trying to respond to urgent needs within the customer base. We're feeling quite good about the efforts that we've made over the last several years in not only developing customer relationships but also just developing a core capability. I estimate that we have more than 100 people that are dedicated to our AEC business at a system level. We can also talk about if we want to make a direct apples-to-apples comparison. I think it's important to point out that our core SerDes, which is a key point that I want to emphasize, if we're head-to-head, apples-to-apples, we're always going to have the most energy-efficient solutions just given the advantages that we bring with our SerDes technology. Yeah. That's really helpful. And as my follow-up, on PAM4 DSP and not to sort of steal away thunder from OFC, but you've had the LPO DSP out now for a few months, and I'm just wondering what the early reaction has been from customers, assuming you've been able to discuss this in more detail with your customer base. I think the reaction has been as expected. We've seen certain customers really become very interested in this approach. Especially for the 800G market, there's quite a broad spectrum in the way that customers are thinking about the market. We can go back to OFC a year ago when this whole concept of linear pluggable optics or an optical module without a DSP was really introduced. Although the call to action during OFC last year was really talking about 1.6T modules and just the fact that the curve was almost unsustainable from a power standpoint, so looking at options. Of course, there are certain people in the market that are investing resources in trying to play out the LPO architecture in the 800G space. But of course, in a sense, the 800G horse is already out of the barn. Full DSP is what you're seeing in every 800G module that's being built right now. I think there's still a desire to lower power and potentially lower cost. The key there is that our solution, which is really deploying DSP on half of the connection within the module versus what we refer to as a full DSP, we're giving a path to maintain industry standards, signal integrity, and basically overcoming all the obstacles that people face by eliminating the DSP. So we're offering a path to much reduced power and potentially cost. So it's played out quite well. We'll actually be demonstrating with two optical module partners at OFC. We'll have first sample units from our partners being shipped into the first interested hyperscaler in the next fiscal quarter. So we're pretty satisfied with the efforts that have been made over the last quarter in collaboration with our module partners. But I will say that as we look towards the future, we're offering great solutions that are LRO, which is half DSP and full DSP. And as we look at 200G per lane or 1.6T optical DSPs, we're going to deliver both full DSP solutions and half DSP or LRO solutions at the same time. The design that we're pursuing in 3nm, we've designed in that flexibility. And so it's really we're really putting the decision in the hands of the customer. Now, note that we've chosen 3nm as our process geometry based really on power efficiency. And so we believe we're going to deliver a full DSP, optical DSP that is capable of being integrated within the current connector specs and within the power ceilings that are already out there with the IEEE standard connectors. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Matt Ramsay with TD Cowen. Your line's now open. Thank you very much, guys. Good afternoon. I guess, Bill, I wanted to follow up on kind of the tenor of the conversation you were just having in your last answer. I guess with OFC coming up, I think my observation has been there's developed in the networking and optics space two or three sort of polarizing religious technical debates over the last 12 months with InfiniBand and Ethernet, with linear drive versus DSP, whether to do whole system solutions or just chips. I guess what I wanted to ask you is when you're engaging with your customer base and talking about solutions going forward, are you noticing that hyperscale companies are making bets in all areas here, and there's sort of room and area under the curve for companies like yourselves and your competitors that may take different approaches to all succeed because the pie is big enough, or are the customer base making sort of binary decisions along some of those axes that might open or close opportunities for your company at different customers? I'm just trying to get it seems like things have gotten very polarized around several different axes over the last 12 months, and I'd just be kind of interested in your thoughts. Thanks. Sure. I think from our perspective, it's a little bit more clear. I think the churn that you see, the polarizing opinions in the market, those are really observers that are or participants trying to create some momentum. The way that we view it is really the decision-making happens in the conversations that are ongoing directly with the hyperscalers. We view each one of them as kind of a separate market. Each one has a different architectural strategy. Each one has kind of a different timeline that they're working on. Ultimately, they all have an end objective that they're trying to strive for, but by no means does this market have kind of a common cadence or a common roadmap between the hyperscalers. Our big focus is, "Hey, let's have these conversations and identify the right connectivity solutions for each one of our hyperscale customers." We're agnostic in a sense that if a hyperscale customer wants to go in a certain direction, we're going to try to find a way to support that direction and deliver the value that they're looking for. I think from our perspective, yes, we see all of the hyperscalers spending efforts kind of on different ends of the spectrum that you just described. But for us, it's all part of our overall pursuit of these customers. Thanks for the thought there. I guess as my follow-up question, Dan, I just wanted to have you reflect a little bit on the last year or so and compare where things were. I mean, obviously, the AI pivot was way more severe in magnitude and timing than I think anybody in the market really anticipated 12 months ago. But I just want to think your customer base has broadened. And I wonder if you could spend a few minutes talking about how you're viewing sort of quarterly revenue visibility. It's been my observation that there's some components in data center builds that are really tight, and large hyperscalers want to make sure that some components like you guys sell into certain markets are not the bottleneck of deploying systems. Just, I don't know, the confidence in quarter-to-quarter revenue visibility, given the large nature and concentration of some of your customers, and maybe contrast that to where we were 12 months ago? Thanks. Yeah. Some of the key observations there are if we go back just about a year ago today to when we had that Microsoft reset, I think we've done a very good job at executing to what we had laid out at that point in time. What's really driven that is our product diversification throughout the year and also customer diversification, as you mentioned. As we sit here today and we're preparing to close out our fiscal year 2024, our revenue is up just modestly versus our FY 2023. But again, if you were to exclude Microsoft from the equation, it's up quite dramatically, driven by those underlying currents, driven by AI spend. A lot of these programs are AI-related that we've been given uplift for throughout the year. We're much more comfortable or I'm much more comfortable right now where we stand versus, say, a year ago in terms of our visibility. That's because of a diversified customer base, diversified product base. We're in quite a different position than we had been as we spoke a year ago. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Vijay Rakesh with Mizuho. Your line's now open. Yeah. Hi. Thanks, Bill and Dan. Just a quick question on the AEC side. Just wondering, and I think you mentioned working with five hyperscalers now. As you go in the back half, do you see the AEC ramp broadening out to others like Google or OpenAI or Dell, or any? How do you see any of the other partner ramps starting in the back half? I think we've been pretty consistent in talking about new ramps with two of our existing customers, and both on front-end networks and back-end networks for future deployments. Both of these companies demonstrated last quarter at their respective conferences. And so I think that as we look at our fiscal 2025 and we talk about this inflection point in the second half, it's really related to these first two customers. And I would say that as we look at the balance of the U.S. hyperscalers for maybe what will be our third production customer, we have concluded qualification with that customer for that first program that we've been working on. There is a possibility that we'll see some contribution in the second half as well in 2025, although we don't have good visibility on when they're exactly going to deploy. I don't have an idea as to timing and volume yet, but we have passed qualification. The other two hyperscalers, five total, we're in an earlier development stage. When we think about earlier development, we're talking about architecture discussions, spec definition, product development, early samples. Those are the stages that we're working through now. I would say that as it relates to revenue layering in to the first three, I would point to fiscal year 2026, and that would be for the initial RAMs. So hopefully, that gives you some color. Yeah. And then quickly on the LRO side, it's very encouraging to see how fast you came to market with the receive-side DSP. And now it seems like you're ramping with a hyperscaler in the next quarter. Can you talk to how big that business could be? Do you see the optical DSP ramping a whole lot faster? Obviously, it's much better margins as well. Yeah. I'm not sure if that came across correctly. An Optical DSP design has a long development cycle associated with it in a sense that the first step you've got to do is build a module with a module partner. Ultimately, there's a qualification cycle that they've got to go through before they can even be considered for qualification at a hyperscaler. So I look at the timeline from start T0 to being in production as being a little bit longer, maybe significantly longer than some of the AEC experience that we've had. And so as we're looking at kind of the near-term for Optical DSP business, we're in the early innings of ramping our first U.S. hyperscale end customer through our module partner. We're seeing continued maybe comeback in spending with the customers that we've got already qualified in China. There is a second US hyperscaler that we're in the stages of competing for a next-generation RAM that could impact our fiscal 2025. Then beyond that, I would say that there are other opportunities that we're pursuing, but from a significant volume RAM perspective, probably more in fiscal 2026. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Thomas O'Malley with Barclays. Your line's now open. Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my question. My first one's a bit of a multi-part, so forgive me. So in the quarter, you saw a big engineering services contribution. I think, Dan, you mentioned product NRE. If you look historically, those have kind of come in on a quarterly basis like $2 million-$3 million. Could you maybe give us some color why this one was so big? Is it one customer, multiple customers? Is that volume-related? And maybe a little color if it's AEC or DSP, anything that would give us a little color just given how significant it was in the January quarter? Thank you. Yeah. Certainly. So yeah, as you correctly identify, historically, our product NREs range from maybe I'd call it $2 million-$4 million per quarter. So Q3 was higher than historically. But again, this really speaks to the value of the innovative solutions that we're bringing to market. In this particular case, it was largely for a single customer in the development, as Bill mentioned, for our next-generation chiplet. Now, the other piece of that, of course, as we're going down the process node geometry, this particular development was for 5-nanometer. So the engineering resources required for that was more engineering-heavy historically than what we've had in 7-nanometer and prior geometries. So those are the things that are impacting that. Now, having said all that, I don't think this sets a new bar or level of NRE engineering services. I would expect it to kind of trend back to the mean of our historical averages. Gotcha. Super helpful. And then I just had one just on a clarification for the guide. So you kind of said IP license for the full year is going to be kind of at the high end of your range. You're kind of saying product engineering and services goes back to the historical levels, which is like $2 million-$3 million. You've spoken pretty positively on the AEC business. But when you kind of take all those pieces together in April, other products seem to be down a little bit. Could you give us a little color on where you may be seeing some sequential weakness? That would be super helpful. Thank you very much, guys. Yeah. I don't know if I would characterize anything as sequential weakness. If you put all those pieces together, if you exclude NRE from product, it's flat to up quarter-over-quarter. And that's based off of a very strong sequential performance in Q3. So some programs, as programs ramp, they become large. There might be pauses in certain things, just speaking generically around programs of this nature. So no seasonal weakness, I wouldn't say. Thank you. As a reminder to ask a question, please press star one one on your telephone. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Vivek Arya with Bank of America Securities. Your line's now open. Thank you for taking my questions. The quarterly product revenues are running in this $40-$45-ish million range. I was hoping you could give us a sense of how much of that is AEC run rate right now, and how do you think about that quarterly trend over the next few quarters? Yeah. So, one of the, I mean, we don't break it out specifically by product line, but what you'll kind of infer when we file our 10-Q and you look through that is one of our 10% customers is going through the initial stages of a production ramp of AECs. This is our second hyperscaler that we've talked a lot about. So AEC drove a lot of the sequential growth from Q2 to Q3. In the upcoming quarters, again, as these programs start to ramp, it's a little hard to predict linearity of it. So there may be some variability quarter to quarter until we hit this second half of fiscal 2025 inflection point. Hopefully, that gives you some color to that. Thank you, Dan. My bigger question is, how should we get the confidence that AEC will be a preferred choice by your customers? Because they deployed a lot of GPUs last year. They're already deploying a lot of GPUs. They are deploying a lot of optical transceivers. And so far, right, they have not deployed as much AEC. So what will change in the second half for them to start deploying more AEC and consider that a more mainstream choice as opposed to kind of a one-off or niche choice in a handful of deployments? I think that's really the key question. Yeah. I think the question is maybe related to architectures for the back-end networks and whether there are top-of-rack switches in the AI appliance racks. I think that if we look at the work that we're doing with our customers, I think the long-term preference is to, first of all, deploy Ethernet networks. I think that's pretty commonly understood amongst the five US hyperscalers. I think that each one will have kind of a different timeline on when they go into high volume with Ethernet networks. Some of them are deploying with InfiniBand today. I think from the standpoint of designing with top-of-rack switching versus pulling all of the connections from the AI appliance, using optical connections to the Leaf-Spine dedicated switching network for the back end, the question I think it's around operational efficiency, and it's around how do you build and deploy these? If you were to look at not implementing top-of-rack switching, you're talking about not being able to build known good racks, and then those known good racks being kind of forklift installed in the data center. You would be looking at having to assemble these clusters almost on-site, which is there's a real trade-off on operational efficiency. Nonetheless, all of our discussions that we're having are directly associated with feedback from customers. I don't think anything that we're talking about is a real one-off. As I think customers come to execute to their long-term plans, this will come more into view. Thank you, Bill. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Quinn Bolton with Needham. Your line's now open. Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my question. I guess kind of following up on the next question a little bit. Last quarter, you had four top customers each representing a different product line. This quarter, you've talked about three, 10%+ customers. Wondering if you can give us those 10% customers, what percent of revenues they were. And were they all representing different product lines, or are you starting to see AEC kind of coming to the top and representing the majority of revenue from at least two or three top customers? And then I've got a follow-on. Thank you. Yeah. So as I mentioned in my prepared remarks, we had three 10% end customers in the quarter. And again, it's important to realize that when our 10-Q is filed in the next day or so, you'll see our end customer disclosure in our MD&A. But to give you color on what they were, the largest customer was our first AEC hyperscale customer that we've talked about. They came in at 28%. And that's followed by a lead chiplet customer, much of which was NRE-driven at 23%. And then the final of the top three, which you'll be able to figure out who that is based on the warrant, was our second AEC hyperscaler customer at 19%. So two of the top three then would be AEC-driven, the other being chiplet-driven. So there's going to be variability in that as we go through. Last quarter was a bit interesting and unique in that the top four customers all represented four different product lines. Got it. Thanks for that additional detail, Dan. And then I guess, Bill, you've talked a lot about the U.S. hyperscalers wanting to deploy Ethernet-based back-end networks instead of relying on InfiniBand. Obviously, to date, most of those GPU networks that have been deployed have been NVIDIA-based, and therefore, InfiniBand is certainly a logical choice. But you've got a second GPU customer, AMD, that's beginning to ramp in meaningful volumes. And I'm just wondering, can you talk about from a high level, what are you seeing across your hyperscale customer base for the back-end connections in AMD GPU networks? Are they deploying Ethernet? Are they deploying InfiniBand? Is there some other fabric? Because it certainly seemed like there'd be a pretty good opportunity for AECs with that AMD MI300 deployments going forward. I think that generally speaking, you're right. But I would say that the visibility we get into the GPUs that are actually being used, it's really somewhat masked by the mix. So we see a certain number of lanes of Ethernet at a certain speed. And really, our solutions are the same. I'm sure we're connecting to NVIDIA GPUs, AMD GPUs, and internally developed GPUs as well. So I don't think that we would be the best of the best group to comment on the decision-making around Ethernet versus InfiniBand. I can just tell you based on the discussions that we've had, it seems very clear that the U.S. hyperscalers have a strong intention to deploy Ethernet. And you can go each hyperscaler and do a bottoms-up on it. I think you'll see that Microsoft is clearly out there as kind of the lead hyperscaler that is deploying with InfiniBand. But I think after that, the list becomes pretty short. I think everything that we're saying, Ethernet is going to be preferred. Thank you. I'm showing no further questions at this time. Now, I'd like to turn it back to Bill Brennan, CEO, for closing remarks. Thank you very much for the questions. We really appreciate the participation, and we look forward to following up on the callbacks. So much appreciated. Thank you. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.