Good day, and welcome to the CorMedix Inc. second quarter 2024 financial results conference call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star, then one on your telephone keypad. To withdraw your question, please press star, then two. Please note, this event is being recorded. I'd now like to turn the conference over to your host today, Daniel Ferry. Please go ahead. Good morning, and welcome to the CorMedix second quarter 2024 earnings conference call. Leading the call today is Joe Todisco, Chief Executive Officer of CorMedix, and he is joined by Dr. Matt David, Executive Vice President and CFO, Beth Zelnik Kaufman, EVP and Chief Legal Officer, Liz Hurlburt, EVP and Chief Clinical Strategy and Operations Officer, and Erin Mistry, EVP and Chief Commercial Officer. Before we begin, I would like to remind everyone that during the call, management may make what are known as forward-looking statements within the meaning set forth in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are statements other than statements of historical fact regarding management's expectations, beliefs, goals, and plans about the company's prospects and future financial position. Actual results may differ materially from the estimates and projections on which these statements are based due to a variety of important factors, including the risks and uncertainties described in greater detail in CorMedix filings with the SEC, which are available free of charge at the SEC's website or upon request from CorMedix. CorMedix may not actually achieve the goals or plans described in these forward-looking statements, and investors should not place undue reliance on these statements. CorMedix does not intend to update these forward-looking statements except as required by law. At this time, it's now my pleasure to turn the call over to Joe Todisco, Chief Executive Officer of CorMedix. Joe, please go ahead. Thanks, Dan. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us on this call. As we reach the midpoint in the financial year, I'm incredibly pleased with the progress the company has made related to the launch of DefenCath, and I'm optimistic about the sales trajectory we have seen through only the first few weeks of the outpatient launch. CorMedix commenced the inpatient launch of DefenCath on April 15th and commenced the outpatient launch during the first week of July, just after the close of the second quarter. The commercial launch milestone marks the culmination of the efforts of countless individuals, including CorMedix employees, contractors, and consultants, who worked tirelessly over the last decade to bring this innovative drug product to patients in need. I'm extremely proud of this achievement, and I'm excited about the potential for DefenCath utilization and the resulting impact DefenCath can have on patient infection rates. Though the inpatient launch of DefenCath commenced on April 15, as we communicated earlier, the inpatient sales cycle is relatively long, and our initial efforts have been focused on engaging customers to champion DefenCath for P&T formulary review with hospitals and health systems. In this regard, we have seen significant progress in terms of meetings scheduled over the upcoming months, and from the handful of meetings that have already occurred, we are pleased with the majority of outcomes. We do expect a lag between P&T formulary approval and facility ordering, and we have many more P&T meetings scheduled between now and the end of this calendar year. In light of this long sales cycle, second quarter sales were expectedly modest, consisting primarily of trade stocking for inpatient facilities. We expect inpatient sales to begin to ramp in the fourth quarter as DefenCath is reviewed, added to formulary, and adopted into hospital workflows for patient use. We have seen some inventory begin to flow to those inpatient institutions that have completed formulary reviews, and we are optimistic of increased order flow as more hospitals and systems hopefully approve DefenCath and add it to their respective formularies throughout the year. The outpatient launch of DefenCath officially commenced on July 1st, with initial orders placed in June and material product shipments beginning the week of July 8th. As we announced earlier this morning, we have recorded unaudited quarter- to- date sales of $5.2 million as of August 13th. Our third quarter sales have been exclusively to small and mid-sized dialysis operators, and we have verified pull-through to the clinic level for more than 95% of those shipments. To that extent, there is very little, if any, trade stocking in these third quarter net sales figures. In terms of onboarding new outpatient dialysis providers, the company believes we are in late stages of negotiations with one of the top dialysis providers in the country for the implementation of DefenCath, as well as multiple smaller and mid-sized providers. We are optimistic we will be operationalizing new commercial supply agreements shortly. As I stated at the opening of these remarks, we have seen a positive sales trend throughout our first five weeks of outpatient shipments, coming entirely from small and mid-sized dialysis operators, and we expect that growth trend to continue throughout the year as existing customers expand DefenCath to newly identified patients. In addition, we are hopeful to see the commencement of sales to new accounts before the end of the third quarter. From a market access standpoint, outpatient reimbursement under TDAPA commenced on July 1st and applies to all Medicare fee-for-service patients, which comprises roughly 45% of all ESRD patients in the United States. Medicare Advantage, comprising an additional 45% of ESRD patients, remains an opportunity for growth and expansion for the DefenCath reimbursement. We have been engaged with all major Medicare Advantage organizations across the country, and we are happy to report that UnitedHealthcare, the largest MA plan in the country in terms of covered lives, which accounts for roughly 30% of Medicare Advantage enrollment, has confirmed that they will provide comparable TDAPA reimbursement for DefenCath beginning on September 1st. Humana, which comprises roughly 20% of Medicare Advantage population, has also confirmed that they will provide TDAPA reimbursement, which may vary depending on provider contracts. As we progress through our first year of launch, the company intends to remain engaged with Medicare Advantage plans to ensure adequate reimbursement to operators. From a long-term perspective, the company believes that ESRD Medicare patients in general will that will continue to migrate from Medicare fee-for-service into Medicare Advantage plans, and that the value-based care proposition for DefenCath will resonate with MA plans and hopefully result in long-term, sustainable, separate reimbursement in this patient segment. Shifting gears to our clinical developments, we announced in the second quarter that we received supportive feedback from FDA related to our proposed clinical pathway for adult total parenteral nutrition, or TPN, subject to the agency's review of our final study protocol. I'm happy to announce that this past week, we have submitted our final protocol to FDA, and subject to FDA's concurrence, we expect to begin patient enrollment in the first quarter of 2025. We have posted on the company's website an updated corporate presentation that it now includes market research information related to TPN. There remains a significant unmet medical need in this patient population, with up to 26% of TPN patients having a catheter-related infection, and those patients having increased morbidity and mortality rates. Market research estimates that the addressable market opportunity in TPN is approximately 4.7 million TPN infusions per year. The company's goal is to obtain FDA approval for an expanded use of our taurolidine and heparin catheter lock solution in TPN in the 2027 - 2028 time frame, as we estimate annual peak sales potential in this indication to be in the range of $150-$200 million, incrementally beyond hemodialysis. We'll provide investors with updates on progress as we move forward. From a clinical budget standpoint, we anticipate the study to cost between $10 million and $12 million, with the majority of expenses spanning the 2025 and 2026 calendar years. Simultaneously, with our adult TPN study, we will also be commencing a few additional clinical initiatives. The first is a study in pediatric hemodialysis. This will be a relatively small study spread over several years, as we expect patient enrollment to be a challenge, given an extremely small patient population and the need for very personalized protocols for these ultra-vulnerable patients. This pediatric study is a post-marketing requirement under the Pediatric Research Equity Act by the FDA, and we've submitted to FDA a final study protocol. Subject to FDA's concurrence, we have plans to begin patient enrollment in early 2025. We expect this study to cost between $4 million and $6 million, spread over four-five years. In addition to our adult TPN and pediatric HD studies, we plan to commence two other clinical initiatives in 2025. The first is an expanded access program for high-risk populations, including, but not limited to pediatric TPN, peritoneal dialysis patients with refractory peritonitis, and neutropenic oncology patients utilizing a central venous catheter. These high-risk patients are those that have exhausted other infection prevention methods and unfortunately remain at significant risk for comorbidities and mortality. The cost for expanded access is expected to be less than $750,000 a year, primarily in the form of free product and distribution costs. We expect to generate data that supports further label expansion and complements our adult TPN program. The other clinical initiative, which is perhaps most meaningful from a potential data value standpoint, is a real-world evidence study of DefenCath in adult hemodialysis patients, that we will run in cooperation with one of our existing commercial partners. Our hope with this study, which we expect to take approximately 24 months and cost less than $1 million per year, would be to generate real-world evidence around the impact of DefenCath utilization on cost of patient care, infection rates, hospitalizations, mortality, and multiple other metrics such as lost chair time and antibiotic use. Ultimately, we would look to utilize this data in our post-TDAPA period to negotiate future sustainable reimbursement from Medicare Advantage plans and other value-based care contracting entities. I'd now like to turn the call over to Matt to discuss the company's second quarter financial results and financial position. Matt? Thanks, Joe, and good morning, everyone. I'm pleased to be here today to provide an overview of our second quarter 2024 financial results, as well as an update on CorMedix's cash position. The company has filed its quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2024. I urge you to read the information contained in the report for a more complete discussion of our financial results. With respect to our second quarter of 2024 financial results, our net revenue for the second quarter of 2024 amounted to $0.8 million. This marks the first time that CorMedix has reported revenue from the U.S. distribution of DefenCath. Our net loss was approximately $14.2 million, or 25 cents per share, compared with a net loss of $11.3 million, or 25 cents per share, in the second quarter of 2023. The higher net loss recognized in 2024 compared with 2023, was driven by an increase in SG&A expenses versus the second quarter of 2023 in anticipation of commercial launch. Operating expenses in the second quarter of 2024 increased approximately 32% to $15.6 million, compared with $11.8 million in the second quarter of 2023. R&D expense decreased by approximately 86% to $0.7 million, driven by the approval of DefenCath....As a result of the post FDA approval commercial operations, costs related to medical affairs and certain personnel expenses that supported R&D efforts prior to the FDA approval of DefenCath have been recognized in sales and marketing or G&A expense. SG&A expense increased approximately 113% to $14.9 million in the second quarter of 2024, compared with $7 million in the second quarter of 2023. CorMedix is now reporting sales and marketing expense and general and administrative, or G&A expense, as separate line items. On an apples-to-apples basis, sales and marketing expense increased 127% to $7.4 million in the second quarter of 2024, compared with $3.3 million in the second quarter of 2023. G&A expense increased 103% to $7.6 million in the second quarter of 2024 versus $3.8 million in the second quarter of 2023. The increase in sales and marketing expense was attributable primarily to increased marketing efforts and new personnel, inclusive of our field sales organization and support for the commercial launch of DefenCath, as well as certain expenses previously part or a component of the R&D prior to FDA approval. The increase in G&A expense was primarily due to increases in personnel costs in preparation for support activities related to the commercial launch, as well as certain expenses previously expensed as a component of R&D prior to FDA approval. In addition to other drivers, we saw an increase in legal and compliance costs compared to the prior year. We recorded net cash used in operations during the second quarter of 2024 of $14 million, compared with net cash used in operations of $8.6 million in the second quarter of 2023. The increase is primarily driven by an increase in net loss attributable to a net increase in operating expenses. The company has cash and cash equivalents of $45.6 million as of June 30, 2024. As we have discussed previously, we expect our operating expenses, especially sales and marketing and G&A, to remain at the current levels, given the growth of the company and the costs driven by the commercial launch of DefenCath. CorMedix continues to expect 2024 quarterly operating expenses to range from around $15 million-$18 million to support commercial infrastructure and the ongoing launch of DefenCath. We believe our cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, and projected future operating cash flow gives the company the ability to fund operations for at least 12 months and to fund the commercial launch of DefenCath through to break-even EBITDA, which may occur on a run rate basis by the end of 2024, assuming we maintain our current growth trajectory of sales from existing key outpatient accounts, as well as achieve forecasted shipments to new accounts by the beginning of fourth quarter. I will now turn the call back over to Joe for closing remarks. Joe? Thanks, Matt. CorMedix is executing well on our key objectives and is hopeful to provide more substantive updates on sales progress and commercial uptake at DefenCath on our next quarterly call in November. I appreciate everyone's continued support in CorMedix, and I'm happy to open the line for questions. Yes, thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your telephone keypad. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. If any time your question has been addressed and you would like to withdraw it, please press star then two. At this time, we will pause momentarily to assemble the roster. This morning's first question comes from Gregory Renza with RBC Capital Markets. Hi, Joe and team. It's Anish on for Greg. Congrats on the progress this quarter, and thanks for taking our questions. Just a couple from us. First, just when you think about CLABSI, how do readmission rates for CLABSI compare to CRBSI? And how would you think about gearing your education and marketing strategy for DefenCath accordingly? And second, on the granted pass-through status for DefenCath, how can this be leveraged to facilitate uptake? Thanks so much. All right. Thanks, Anish. So I think what you're asking is the difference between a CLABSI and a CRBSI, if I'm not mistaken, and kind of how that may show differently in the data. So I'm going to let Liz, just from a clinical definition standpoint, kind of chime in on the difference between these two. But I think why that's relevant is from a TPN standpoint, we are designing the study for CLABSI, right, versus CRBSI. And you know, I think the way to somewhat look at it before Liz gives the definition is that I guess all CRBSIs are CLABSIs, but all CLABSIs are not CRBSIs, right? CLABSI is a little bit of a broader determination, but go ahead, Liz. Yeah, exactly. So, like Joe said, CRBSI is a subset of the larger CLABSI, and CRBSIs need clinical correlation, so signs of sepsis or positive peripheral blood cultures in the absence of an obvious source other than the CVC. And CLABSIs, which is your more general term, is a primary bloodstream infection in a patient that has had a central line within the 48-hour period before these symptoms develop. So you can think of CLABSI as an umbrella, and then there's a subset of types of infections after that that require different blood cultures or other clinical correlation to confirm them. All right. Thanks, Liz. And I think to get your question on pass-through status. So what pass-through status allows is for the providers that install catheters and utilize DefenCath, you know, during that catheter installation, to bill for the product on a buy- and- bill basis, similar to any other kind of Medicare B product, right? So that's an ASP plus.... It's a small part of the segment, but I think that it's meaningful because it's the first time the patient is getting the catheter, right? So we want to protect the line from the start. It's the opportunity to utilize, right, DefenCath from the beginning with each patient. So that's essentially why we see it as meaningful, even though it's a small part of the population. Great, thanks. I appreciate all the color. No problem. Thank you. The next question comes from Jason Butler with Citizens JMP. Hi, thanks for taking the questions, and congrats on the progress. First one, just in terms of the run rate for 3Q, how should we think about the $5.2 million and growth beyond that? I guess what I'm asking is, do you expect there to be essentially time taken now for those initial centers to work through those initial orders, or should we see continued orders beyond the $5.2 million? And then can you give us a sense of how many centers in the outpatient setting you're actually seeing pull through from? Thanks. Thanks, Jason. So you know, that's yeah from. On the $5.2, I think what I'm comfortable saying is that we've seen consistent orders repeatedly over the last four weeks. And we're seeing those at the clinic level, right, with repeats and restocking of similar-sized orders. So that gives us the impression those clinics are pulling that through into the patients, which is why I'm comfortable saying that, you know, we don't believe there's much of any trade stocking in that third quarter number. So I hate to guide you what the back part of the quarter is going to look like. I don't have a crystal ball, but I feel good about what we've seen from those first, you know, four weeks, four and a half weeks of shipments. In terms of how many centers, I again prefer not to give an exact number. It is several hundred that we are currently shipping to. Okay, great. And then, could you just walk us through the comments that Matt gave about hitting breakeven by the end of 2024 again, and what assumptions we would need to consider to get to breakeven by the end of 2024? Thanks. Yeah, look, I think you've got a good sense for what our operating expense is. We guided at $15 million-$18 million OpEx. I think we came in at the low point of that for this quarter. Maybe it ticks up a little bit, you know, as we get to the back part of the year. I think we've guided you on future clinical costs, which really don't kick in till next year and the year after. And even if you overlay those on top of each other, right, our—I think we're designing fairly modestly priced clinical programs that, you know, at peak, maybe $3 million-$4 million in a quarter, right? Probably in late 2025 or 2026. So, right, the amount of revenue and/or gross margin needed to cover the OpEx, I think, gives you a sense of where we need to be running at. So you've seen our first kind of five weeks of shipments. I think it's conceivable that if we... And this is all with small, small and mid-sized dialysis operators. So if and when, hopefully, we do onboard some, some larger accounts and we see increased volume move in the back part of the year, I think that breakeven EBITDA is certainly achievable before the end of the year. Great. Thanks for taking the questions. Thank you. The next question comes from Les Sulewski with Truist. Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. Can you just talk about the progress on conversations on the dialysis operators, particularly the larger ones? And I guess separately, what percentage of the market has your sales team touched? And if there are any reasons you perhaps are hearing any sort of hesitation on adoption, can you speak to those? And then I have two follow-ups. Thanks, Les. So you know, obviously, we've been pretty candid that we're in discussions with, you know, one of the top two, right? Certainly, I know we talked about that, you know, on the last call. I'd say that that remains the case. I do feel like we're pretty close. And I think what I would comment on timing, which is kind of what I think you're asking, is that, you know, when you're dealing with larger organizations with multiple, right, functional areas that need to weigh in on a contract, that process has maybe taken a little longer than I expected. So I'm still optimistic about our ability to move forward, and the signals I've received have been very positive. On one of the other LDOs, I do think they're taking a wait-and-see approach, and we'll be reengaging, you know, later in the year. In terms of percent of the market touched, right, a lot of the decision making, whether it's an SDO, you know, MDO or LDO, that comes from the top down, right? So I'd say we're touching... Of the top 20 accounts that represent 99% of dialysis, we're touching them all, right? So the field team right now is focused on probably smaller to mid-sized accounts and pull-through, as well as the inpatient formulary process, and that's where we want them deployed. There was a third part of your question, Les. I apologize. I'm. Just if you're hearing any sort of hesitation on adoption. Look, I say, as I said, I think, you know, some are waiting to see what others are doing, right? I think you have some smaller operators that may be less familiar with how to process TDAPA or reimbursement, and we're trying to educate on that, so that it's a little bit more familiar. It's still a relatively new reimbursement platform. It's only a couple of years and does change, right? Even TDAPA changed last year. So there is some education that we are doing with the smaller, certainly with the smaller operators on how to process reimbursement. That, that's helpful. On the $5.2 million, can you speak to perhaps the weekly progression of that? And then the 95% pull-through rate to the clinics, do you have an indication what percentage of that was utilization? ...Look, because we're slipping, I'll address the second question first. I think because we're shipping to a lot of these customers direct to clinic, which is why we're getting such good data on where it's going. I'd say we're not getting inventory on hand statements per se, but we are seeing, you know, repeat orders from similar clinics, so it gives us confidence that it's being utilized in the patients. I'm sorry, what, and what was the first part of the question, Les? The weekly progression. Weekly progressions. Slightly, somewhat consistent, but I'd say, I'd say it's, it's been fairly consistent. I think there was initial, I'll say, patient sweep, right? Patient identification that, that customers did, started moving patients on, so I'm hopeful that we'll see, you know, as we move through, the end of this quarter, next quarter, another, let's say, patient sweep, where we, where we adopt, or, or they look to, to convert additional patients. Sounds like you're, it's probably a good proxy for how the rest of the quarter will line up. Yeah, I hate, I hate, I hate to guide you that way, Les. Obviously, I said I don't have a crystal ball. I think Greg or, or, or Jason may have asked the same thing. I feel good with the, with the revenue run rate that we're seeing. I think that's, that's how I'd describe it. That's fair. Thanks, Joe. And great detailed color on the pipeline. Very helpful. Maybe- Thanks. A follow-up to that, you know, appears, you know, there's some costs involved. How do you intend to fund these studies? Not much in terms of cost, but just maybe talk about the funding there. And then, you know, just quickly, expected timeline on the TPN enrollment, and like, if we could expect interim top line prior to 2027, 2028? Thank you. Yeah. So I'll, I'll let Liz get into the kind of the clinical timeline in a second, but I think you're asking me about is financing, Les. And I, and I, and I want to kind of comment on a couple of things and make sure that we're clear. So, you know, I, I continually we don't need to do any type of, let's say, large dilutive financing at this time, right? We've got a revenue run rate that I, I feel pretty good about, just even like five weeks into, into starting shipments that's offsetting, right, a large amount of, of operating expenses. You know, I walked through with Jason kind of, you know, you've got these, you know, clinical budgets for the four programs, relatively modest, and even if you overlay them right on top of each other at peak, I feel that, you know, with cash on hand, operating cash flow, we have the ability to fund these studies without any type of, call it large financing. With that said, we do have the ATM facility in place, which gives us the ability to raise small amounts of money at the market price. We used a little bit of it last quarter when the stock price was up on some higher volume days. We could continue to utilize the ATM to supplement our cash flow from operations. But that's currently how I'm thinking about the trajectory of the business and funding additional growth. The timelines? Liz, sorry, go ahead. Sure. Yeah, thanks, Les. So the study is a phase 3 study that has 12 months of intervention in it. We're looking forward to kicking it off as soon as we get feedback from FDA or clear that 30-day statutory hold. We have a lot of enthusiasm from TPN docs, as this remains a very critical unmet need in this space. So I don't want to overpromise for enrollment, but we feel pretty positive that we'll have up to 25 sites in the U.S. that are actively engaged and interested to participate. We don't have a planned interim analysis in terms of a readout, but I certainly expect that we'll see something before 2028. Great. Thank you. Beth. Thank you. Thanks, Les. Sorry, sorry. The next question comes from John Giannocco with Needham & Company. Hi, good morning. This is John on for Serge today, and congrats on the initial launch report, and, thanks for taking our questions. Thank you. First, can you just touch on the process for the DefenCath trial and adoption across the inpatient and outpatient segments, and any notable differences between those two processes? And then second, regarding the TDAPA reimbursement process that's in place, is this kind of seamless and easily operating at this time? And is this something that most operators are familiar with? Yeah, I'm going to take the second question first, then I'm going to pass the first question over to Liz. Look, in terms of the data, I think I kind of hit on it before. It is a relatively new reimbursement mechanism in the last couple of years. I'd say a lot of the operators are familiar with it, but for some it's still new and it's requiring some education. So it... All the systems are in place, right, for the government to process these claims, and so that's not an issue. It's just whether or not, you know, a dialysis operator has ever processed a TDAPA reimbursement before and needs a little bit of assistance in understanding how to go about doing that. Now, Liz, go ahead in terms of inpatient versus outpatient kind of- Sure. Process. Yeah. So they, they definitely are different processes, right? So within an institution or, or a hospital setting, you've got a ton of varying factors here, right? System size, operations, infrastructure, capacity to adapt, internal demand for the product, which is what the field team is very focused on. They're looking at safety data, they're engaging with us, and then you've got to get to P&T, right? And then after you get to P&T, if the product is approved, there's a process in terms of pulling it through to build it out in your EMR, build out your charge descriptions in master build, get the pharmacy up to speed with dispensing and stocking, right? So it can be really efficient in certain institutions, and it can take many, many months, depending on the bureaucracy you're dealing with in an institution. On the outpatient side, right, it is very much driven by the physicians, but there is, it's an onerous, and I would say, rigorous operational rollout for the clinics to do, right? These are already sometimes understaffed, working really hard. And you've got to do policies, procedures, protocols, order sets to get everything up to speed, to roll this out nationwide in a clinic or even a small center, right? So, there's a lot of work that goes into it. I think the uptake on an outpatient side is, can be a little bit faster for sure, especially when you're looking at a small or medium-sized DO. But these are not overnight processes, and it takes a lot of time. They've got to train all of their staff. And we're a new innovative product, right? So there's a lot of education that goes into it as well. So I would say from an expectation standpoint, I would set it that inpatient is going to take longer to adapt and pull through. And on the outpatient side, we're hoping for much faster adoption, and that's what the field team is focused on educating our clients and customers for. Thanks, Liz. Great, thanks for the color. Thanks, John. Thank you. And now I'd like to turn the floor to Daniel Ferry, who will facilitate written questions which have been submitted. Thank you, Operator Joe. We have a few written questions from the audience. All right. The first here... Go ahead. Yes, Go ahead. How is the contract going? How is the contract going with the previously announced top-tier mid-sized dialysis provider? Can you provide us any color on this contract's contribution to sales, and can you disclose who it is? Okay, thanks, Dan. So, I guess I'll start by saying I couldn't be happier with the relationship or what we're seeing from a kind of patient and product uptake standpoint. You know, we don't intend to provide any kind of customer-specific sales breakdowns at this time. But I will say, as the largest of our customers in terms of clinics, they're also currently the largest in terms of DefenCath utilization. So they are a big driver behind our initial uptake. But we do certainly have material sales to other kind of smaller to midsize customers as well. On the publicity front, I would say that, look, they're a privately held organization that has asked us for the time being to not utilize their name in publications and focus on implementation and execution. So to that extent, you know, we're respecting the request of our, you know, currently largest customer and focused on building the business. As I mentioned, you know, we do have other a couple of other small dialysis organizations that are in the contract that we didn't separately announce for similar reasons. So, you know, we're happy with those relationships as well. Okay, great. Another one here. You commented today about Medicare Advantage being a sizable and growing group of Medicare patients. Can you explain how is this different from traditional Medicare for DefenCath? Also, how is it reimbursed? How is reimbursement handled today if a dialysis provider uses DefenCath in a Medicare Advantage patient? And a follow-up here would, you know, what did you mean that United expects to provide comparable to TDAPA reimbursement, and will they always provide that? Okay. Thanks, Dan. I'm sure that was a lot for you to consolidate. I'm going to try and break them down into pieces. So I guess first, Medicare Advantage, in relation to traditional Medicare, it's essentially, right, it's a privatization of Medicare, where managed care providers like United, Humana, they assume risk for all costs associated with a Medicare patient in exchange for premiums and a fixed amount from the government. The MA plan then essentially controls, you know, drug formulary and kind of manages treatment similar to private commercial insurance. So they, they're the ones that are on the hook for all the costs and the risk. Now, with the TDAPA, historically, whether or not the MA plan, you know, paid a TDAPA would depend on what agreement was in place between the provider and that MA plan and whether or not there were new innovations, you know, covered under that agreement. Which is why we're happy that United has communicated a willingness to pay TDAPA for DefenCath beginning on September first. We think that's incredibly meaningful. Now, in terms of, I guess, how those payments may track or change over time, I think that's the primary reason why we want to run this real-world evidence study and our biggest opportunity, you know, from a reimbursement standpoint. So since the MA plans, as I said, are, are on the hook for, for all these medical costs for the patients, they're the ones that, that are going to bear the brunt of the downstream costs associated with, with getting a CRBSI. So you know, if you think about it as each CRBSI, you know, can cost upwards of $60,000 a year, and then you add, you know, other downstream costs, it gets over. It can get over $100,000. You know, we really see an opportunity here to, to generate real-world data during the TDAPA period, and hope to utilize it to negotiate, let's say, longer-term, more sustainable reimbursement with the MA plans. And from a macro level, you know, we expect, you know, the majority of ESRD patients to be shifting into these MA plans over the next five years. Great. Thanks, Joe. Operator, this concludes the question and answer session. You may now close the call. Thank you. The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect your lines.