Greetings, and welcome to the Empire State Realty Trust Q3 2023 earnings call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. The question and answer session will follow the formal presentation. If anyone should require operator assistance during the call, please press star zero on your telephone keypad. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce Katie Malinowski, Vice President of Investor Relations. Thank you. You may begin. Good afternoon. Thank you for joining us today for Empire State Realty Trust's Q3 2023 earnings conference call. In addition to the press release distributed yesterday, a quarterly supplemental package with further detail on our results and our latest investor presentation were posted in the Investors section of the company's website at esrtreit.com. On today's call, management's prepared remarks and answers to your questions may contain forward-looking statements as defined in applicable securities law, including those related to market conditions, property operations, capital expenditures, income, expense, financial results, and proposed transactions and events. As a reminder, forward-looking statements represent management's current estimates. They are subject to risks and uncertainties, which may cause actual results to differ from those discussed today. Empire State Realty Trust assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements in the future. We encourage listeners to review the more detailed discussions related to those forward-looking statements in the company's filings with the SEC. During today's call, we will discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures such as FFO, modified and core FFO, NOI, same store property cash NOI, EBITDA, and adjusted EBITDA, which we believe are meaningful in evaluating the company's performance. The definitions and reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are included in the earnings release and supplemental package, each available on the company's website. Now, I will turn the call over to Tony Malkin, our Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer. Thanks, Katie, and good afternoon to everyone. We continue our efforts to educate the market that ESRT is a top-of-our-tier destination for tenants' flight to quality today. We are not B properties. We are top of our tier in our accessible price range, and we continue to capture market share. We can think of no better way to inform than to continue to put points on the board. So we are pleased to report a third quarter of strong performance in 2023. We did not predict the weather. We built an ark for the storms that were certain to come. We positioned ESRT to perform in all cycles. We built a brand around modernized, amenitized, well-located, energy-efficient buildings with indoor environmental quality and a team of union and non-union colleagues distinguished by service and collaborative work. We report our earnings from a position to take advantage of the opportunities ahead while we perform in today's market. Your ESRT team is more focused than ever on points on the board. In the third quarter, FFO came in above expectations. We leased another 250,000 sq ft. That is 787,000 sq ft year to date. We achieved another positive quarter of leasing spreads, double-digit positive leasing spreads. That is 9 consecutive quarters of positive leasing spreads, and our observatory continues to perform. We completed a 100% recycle of sales proceeds from prior dispositions through 1031 transactions with no tax leakage. Our balance sheet remains best in class. ESRT is a New York City-focused company, and we have four diverse drivers of value that complement each other well. Our office portfolio, that is the top of our tier and targets the deepest market segment, our observatory, that is the number 1 ranked attraction in the United States, according to Tripadvisor, for the second consecutive year. Our high foot traffic everyday retail that serves as a great amenity to our office tenants and a growing multifamily platform. We continue to deliver consistent leasing volumes. We leased 250,000 sq ft. in the third quarter. Tenants choose ESRT's constructive partnership on energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality, where we add value to their installation and occupancy with our top-tier modernized assets, our amenities, our locations, and the certainty delivered by our great balance sheet. Those relationships have driven more than 2.6 million sq ft of tenant expansion in our portfolio since IPO. Put this in perspective, our entire portfolio today totals just over 9.3 million sq ft. We are happy to announce that in the third quarter, we grew our partnership with Starbucks with a new full office floor lease at the Empire State Building. Starbucks has grown from our original retail store in the lobby of a building we no longer own in the early 1990s, all the way to the remarkable 23,000 sq ft, three-level Starbucks Reserve that opened in late 2022, to this new full floor office lease. Tom Durels will discuss another expansion, this one with LinkedIn, which brings their total footprint in the Empire State Building to over 500,000 sq ft. And our partnership with LinkedIn started with a few thousand sq ft in 2010. As of quarter end, our Manhattan office portfolio is nearly 92% leased, and this reflects an increase of 250 basis points over the past 12 months. Our leasing success meets the performance of newly built Class A office properties and proves we are a destination for the market's flight to quality. ESRT's successes are built upon the investments we have already made. We are future-ready, and we service the deepest segment of tenant demand in the New York City office market at our accessible price points. Our balance sheet makes a big difference to tenants in today's environment. We have always said that our goal is to get the best deals in good times, get the deals in challenged times, and draw consistent leasing volumes through cycles. We know what we have to do, and we are absolutely focused. The Observatory continues to perform well. Year to date, Observatory NOI exceeded comparable 2019 levels by 2%, with 71% of the admissions relative to 2019 levels. Candidly, we could have done without four consecutive rainy weekends in September, and we look forward to this weekend where the sun is meant to shine. That said, we continue to manage expenses, drive top-line growth, and provide visitors with unmatched customer experience. The Empire State Building Observatory is the authentic New York City experience and is the number one ranked attraction in the United States by Tripadvisor for the second year in a row. Our Observatory's cash flows are reliable, as demonstrated on slide 14 of our investor presentation. ESRT's balance sheet is the strongest among all New York City office REITs, and the capital structure is simple. There's no doubt that our balance sheet is a competitive advantage. Tenants look to partner with a financially stable landlord who will maintain high-quality standards at their assets. We can allocate capital as we think best, be it capital recycling, new acquisitions, or share repurchases. Just in the last 20 months or so, we have purchased nearly $500 million in property, primarily funded by dispositions of suburban assets and diversified into residential to build out our New York City-focused portfolio. Long-time participants in this call know this is against years of criticism for the fact that we bought nothing during the frothing decade that led to the current credit crunch. ESRT has been the quantitative sustainability leader for more than a decade, and sustainability is integrated within every decision we make. Our industry leadership in sustainability and healthy building performance matters more and more each year to tenants, lenders, and shareholders, and this is a cornerstone when we say we are future-ready. There can be only one number one. ESRT's overall GRESB score ranked first, number one, among all 115 listed companies in the Americas, as well as the first in the most competitive peer group within the United States. We achieved the highest possible GRESB five-star rating for the fourth consecutive year. The Empire State Building was just awarded the 2023 BOMA New York Earth Building of the Year Award and the BOMA Grand Pinnacle Award. Tremendous accomplishments for our entire company. Our data-based sustainability work delivers economic returns and provides us with a competitive advantage over our peers. ESRT priorities are unchanged: lease space, sell tickets to the observatory, manage the balance sheet, and achieve our sustainability goals. This quarter, we demonstrated our commitment with more points on the board. These actions together enhance shareholder value. While we work through challenges, we are in a position to take advantage of opportunities created through market disruptions and capital dislocations. ESRT is prepared to act. We believe in New York City, and we offer four ways to play it: office, the Empire State Building Observatory, retail, and multifamily. New York City is resilient, and ESRT is future-ready and well-positioned to drive value for shareholders. Tom and Christina will provide more detail on our progress and how we plan to accomplish these goals in the balance of the year. Tom? Thanks, Tony. Good afternoon, everyone. We had another strong quarter with 248,000 sq ft of total leasing at 10% positive mark-to-market rent spreads for our office and retail portfolio. This represents our seventh consecutive quarter in which we achieved positive absorption based on leased percentage for our commercial portfolio and our ninth straight quarter with positive mark-to-market lease spreads in our Manhattan office portfolio. We continue to attract new and renew existing tenants who look for high quality product that is modernized, amenitized, well located near mass transit and neighborhood amenities, and has best-in-class sustainability and indoor environmental quality at an accessible price point. We increased our Manhattan office leased percentage to 91.9% in the third quarter, which increased 30 basis points compared to last quarter, is up 250 basis points compared to a year ago, and has increased 490 basis points since the end of 2021. In the third quarter, we signed 248,000 sq ft of leases, which include 235,000 sq ft of leases in our Manhattan office portfolio properties. In our retail portfolio, we signed a new lease with an exciting sushi restaurant at 1359 Broadway, which will be a great amenity for our office tenants in the Broadway portfolio, where we continue to bring in food and services to support the growing demand from office users. Notable leases signed in the third quarter include a 10-year, 144,000 sq ft lease with LinkedIn at the Empire State Building. LinkedIn acted upon its existing rights to relocate 119,000 sq ft from tower floors to base floors and also expanded by 25,000 sq ft, which brings LinkedIn's total leased square footage at the Empire State Building to 527,000 sq ft. Our track record of tenant retention and expansions, including this most recent expansion by LinkedIn, is the result of excellent work by our entire team to provide exceptional service to our tenants, and this is not just effort, it is results. We signed a full floor, 11-year office lease with Starbucks for 25,000 sq ft at the Empire State Building. The company will relocate its only New York City office to the Empire State Building, where it currently operates a 3-story Starbucks Reserve. As Tony mentioned, our long-standing partnership with Starbucks continues to add value to both Starbucks and to our portfolio. We signed leases for 14 pre-built office suites that total 66,000 sq ft across the portfolio. Our reported weighted average TI costs, tenant improvement costs, vary by quarter, depending on the variety of space types leased. Long-term, full floor leases typically include turnkey installation or equivalent tenant installation contribution, and for most pre-built space, we have already incurred the prior cost to build. Our TI costs in the third quarter were higher than the prior quarter, mostly due to the LinkedIn and Starbucks deals, which represent about two-thirds of our total lease volume this quarter. Both are long-term leases for full floors, and the TI costs are consistent with full floor leases that we have signed over the past several years. One thing to note about the LinkedIn transaction is that it includes an as-of-right relocation within the Empire State Building. The TI allowance for the floors they will vacate has not been contributed and will now be used for the new space they will occupy. Against that background, for our third quarter Manhattan office leasing, the average starting rent was $67.73 per sq ft, with an average lease term of 8.6 years, 10.9 months of free rent, and tenant improvement allowance of $93 per sq ft. That is consistent with our historic free rent and tenant improvement allowance for the last several quarters and represents no increase in our general market terms. Following the close of the third quarter, we signed an 11-year, 9,500 sq ft new lease with Elemis, a subsidiary of L'Occitane, at 111 West 33rd Street, and extended L'Occitane's existing 21,000 sq ft lease for an additional five years. Year to date through the third quarter, we have leased 787,000 sq ft throughout our entire commercial portfolio, and as shown on page 10 of our supplemental, we have $50 million in incremental cash revenue from signed leases not commenced and free rent burn off. Looking ahead to the fourth quarter of 2023, we expect approximately 136,000 sq ft will be vacated by year-end, which will be partially offset by new leases that we expect to be signed during the same quarter. We have manageable lease expirations in 2024, with only 496,000 sq ft set to expire, of which about 207,000 sq ft. are known vacates. Based on our annual average of 680,000 sq ft of new leases signed in the past three years, we are well positioned to increase our leased percentage in 2024. In today's market, there is a flight to quality at every price tier, and ESRT offers a unique value proposition for tenants as the best-in-class space in our tier. Our price tier represents the biggest segment of the market. We have done the work so that ESRT's well-located portfolio is modernized, amenitized, and energy efficient, with superior indoor environmental quality, and our product is top in our tier, competitive and attractive to tenants, as demonstrated by our leasing results. Within our multifamily portfolio, the average occupancy of 97.1% reflects strong market fundamentals, and we are underway with property improvements that will enhance future performance. So once again, we had another solid quarter with 248,000 sq ft of total office and retail leasing at strong positive mark-to-market spreads. We increased our Manhattan office portfolio leased percentage by 30 basis points over the prior quarter, and by 250 basis points from a year ago to reach 91.9%. We are well positioned to further increase our lease percentage in 2024, and we continue to see strong performance in our multifamily portfolio. With that, I'll turn the call over to Christina. Christina? Thanks, Tom. For the Q3 of 2023, we've reported Core FFO of $66 million or $0.25 per diluted share, which is up 17% year-over-year, excluding lease termination fee income. Same-Store Property Cash NOI, excluding lease termination fees, increased 8.8% year-over-year, primarily driven by cash rent commencement and increased tenant expense reimbursement. In the Q3, the Observatory generated NOI of $28 million, an increase of 14% year-over-year. Revenue per capita remains high and admissions continue to improve. Observatory expense was $9.5 million in the third quarter. Year-to-date, the Observatory generated NOI of $67 million, which represents NOI recapture of 102% as compared to the same period in 2019. As of September 30, 2023, the company had total liquidity of $1.2 billion, which was comprised of $354 million of cash and $850 million of undrawn capacity on our revolving credit facility. At quarter end, the company had net debt of $2.2 billion, with a weighted average interest rate of 3.9% and a weighted average term to maturity of 5.7 years. We have the lowest leverage among all New York City office REITs at 5.5x net debt to adjusted EBITDA. We have strong liquidity, no floating rate debt exposure, and no meaningful debt maturity until early 2025. ESRT owns 100% of our commercial assets with no complex JV structures, and that allows for great opportunity and flexibility for future financing and capitalization. With this balance sheet flexibility, we have recycled capital, pursued investment opportunities that are additive to our New York City-focused portfolio, and repurchased our shares, and will continue to allocate capital to generate shareholder value. Our off-market acquisition of prime retail in Williamsburg during the Q3 completes the redeployment of our 1031 proceeds and is consistent with our strategy to recycle capital into high quality, well-located, high foot traffic, New York City assets with strong demographic trends. Share buybacks remain on the agenda as a strategic part of our capital allocation. While we did not repurchase shares this quarter, from March 2020 to date, we have repurchased $294 million at a weighted average price of $8.18 per share, which represents approximately 12% of total shares outstanding since our share buyback program began. Now on to our outlook for the balance of the year. We have adjusted our 2023 guidance as follows: Our 2023 FFO guidance is increased to a tightened range of $0.85-$0.87 per fully diluted share. This is driven by an improvement in our same-store cash NOI outlook by 100 basis points, which is primarily due to higher rental revenues to date from tenant expense reimbursements and reduced full year buffer for a number of items in a downside scenario that were not realized year to date. Within our updated FFO guidance range, we do expect a sequential decline in the Q4, which factors in an increase in operating expenses, largely tied to the expected timing of major R&M projects underway. Our expense expectations for the full year are unchanged and continue to reflect some permanent property operating cost savings and efficiencies that we achieve from pre-COVID levels. Additionally, there is typical seasonality in the Observatory business. While we feel good about the Observatory's performance to date, we continue to leave room within our updated FFO guidance range for uncertainty around tourism fluctuations and bad weather that could adversely impact Q4 results. We maintained our expected Observatory NOI range of $88 million-$96 million for 2023, up from $75 million in 2022. Our NOI guidance assumes Observatory expenses average approximately $9 million per quarter in 2023. Our same-store commercial occupancy guidance is unchanged at 85%-87%. In summary, the company continues to manage our best-in-class balance sheet prudently and strategically with strong liquidity to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities that may emerge in this period of uncertainty and capital dislocation. Our commercial portfolio is now 87% occupied and 90.5% leased, and we continue to benefit from tenants' demand for our high-quality assets and the unique value proposition as the best-in-class base in our rental price range and balance sheet strength that we offer as a landlord. Our Observatory recovery continues with good momentum year to date, and our fourth leg of growth, multifamily, has performed well and adds to the resiliency of ESRT's cash flows. With that, I'll turn the call back to the operator for our Q&A session. Thank you. We will now be conducting a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star key. One moment please, while we poll for your questions. Our first questions come from the line of Steve Sakwa with Evercore. Please proceed with your questions. Thanks. Good afternoon. Maybe, Tom, starting on the leasing, if you could just maybe give us a little bit more specificity on kind of the current pipeline. And are you seeing more demand today in kind of the Penn Station, maybe Garment District, or are you seeing kind of more strength over in the Grand Central submarket? Yes, Steve, we've got a good pipeline of activity. We've got activity and interest from tenants, and that's both proposals and leases in negotiation at One Grand Central Place, where we're turning paper on prebuilts and full floor, 250 West 57th Street, where we have a full floor that's been pre-built. We have activity on that. At Empire State Building, we're optimistic at getting another significant lease done there, as well as some smaller prebuilts. At 1400 Broadway, where we have some leases that are expiring next year as part of our known tenant vacates, we're already in active discussions for tenants to backfill that space. It's really across the portfolio in terms of the pipeline. You know, generally, I'd say roughly, somewhere around 200,000 sq ft of leases in negotiation. Timing will dictate as to whether those leases get signed in the fourth quarter or first quarter, but we feel pretty good about our overall, you know, pipeline of activity. It's really continues to be from a broad variety of industry types that include technology, FIRE sector, not-for-profit, professional services, and consumer goods. Look, we're on a pretty good run here, right? We've had seven consecutive quarters of positive lease percentage absorption and nine quarters of market, positive mark-to-market lease spreads, so I think we're incredibly well-positioned. Good. Thanks for that color. Maybe, Christina, you know, you had a good third quarter here at $0.25. I think the full year guidance implies kind of a $0.20 run rate for the Q4 at the midpoint. So can you maybe just walk us through what some of the, I guess, downward, you know, pointing arrows would be for the transition from Q3 to Q4? Sure. So as I mentioned in my remarks, within 4Q, we expect the sequential decline driven by an increase in operating expenses, and some of that, in large part, is due to some major R&M projects that are underway. So this is just timing and where the expenses fall out. For the full year, though, we would note that OpEx change is as we guided, which is about an 8% increase, so that is consistent. And the other piece is the typical seasonality in the observatory business. So if you look back, there traditionally has been some seasonality factor between 3Q and 4Q. And as we mentioned, we do factor in, you know, a little bit of uncertainty around tourism fluctuations and bad weather. So that would be the primary driver of that sequential decline. Okay, and then just last question. I know you've got a mortgage coming due up in Stamford. I think it's kind of late in 2024. You know, that asset's around 80% occupied. Yeah, I'm just curious, kind of the discussions with the lenders today, how you're thinking about that asset and, you know, is that something that's, you know, kind of long-term for the portfolio? Yeah, we continue to have active discussion with our lenders, on that piece of property and mortgage, as well as other maturities, and we'll keep the market, apprised. But we run the portfolio and, these are discussions that we always have, and continue to discuss what makes the most sense with our lending partners. Thank you. Sure. Thanks. Thanks, Steve. Thank you. Our next questions come from the line of Michael Griffin with Citi. Please proceed with your questions. Great. Thanks. Maybe just going to Tom on the leasing. I'm curious if you've noticed any time for space takers, that they're delaying decision-making in terms of taking space, and then if you can provide some more color on concession packages. Appreciate what you provided, kind of in the prepared remarks, but your kind of expectation for that on a go-forward basis would be helpful. Sure. I believe your first question was the timing of tenants in terms of deciding on their leasing, and it really is tenant by tenant. It will range from very quick decisions, and particularly for those that want built space, that where our pre-built suites and even full floor pre-builts will attract those tenants. We're working on a deal right now, where actually a tenant has a pretty quick timeline of whether they want to get into the space. And then there's others that can enter the market, you know, as much as 18 months, you know, or more before their current lease expires, and they'll be shopping the market for an extended period of time. So I can't say there's a trend as much as it just really runs a wide gamut, depending upon the particular tenant's needs, and what's going on with their business, as well as the space type that they're pursuing. And your next question was on leasing costs. Well, I made the comments earlier in my prepared remarks about, you know, what drove our leasing costs this quarter. We're really not seeing a significant change in the market. Generally, most of the leasing we do involves fully pre-built space that's been built on spec, for which we already have a significant amount of built inventory, and we've already incurred that cost to turnkey installations. And that's generally, you know, what we continue to see in the marketplace, and that was what we experienced on both the LinkedIn and the Starbucks transactions, which has been consistent with the market over the last, and consistent with the leasing we've done over the last several years. Great, thanks. And then just on the retail acquisition in Williamsburg, you know, should we read into this, as these kind of acquisitions appear more attractive relative to other asset types? And, is there anything you can kind of quantify in terms of cap rate or an IRR basis that would be helpful? And Griff, we were very happy to be able to complete 100% recycling of the sales proceeds from prior sales. And it's really a matter of just, as I've said before, we're omnivorous opportunivores. We go for where we think there's the best combination of value and growth potential when we do either acquire or recycle capital. And I think what you should read into it is that given the nature of a 1031 exchange, which operates in a compressed timeframe, you have to operate on the best, execute on the best opportunities present, presented to you at that time. At the right price, at the right basis, we'll definitely do office. We know how to build out, renovate, modernize, amenitize with energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality, assets in the right locations with the right size floor plate, to perform. We've demonstrated that. The fact is that we have to operate in a compressed timeframe, and that's what presented its best opportunity when we had to make that acquisition. Great. That's it for me. Thanks for the time. Thank you. Our next questions come from the line of John Kim with BMO Capital Markets. Please proceed with your questions. Thank you. I had a follow-up on the LinkedIn decision to move from the tower floors to the base floors. Can you comment on the new rent that they leased versus what they vacated, and also what the mark-to-market is of the vacated space? Yeah, John, I don't wanna get into the specific details of the lease transaction, but I would just generally say we've been signing leases, you know, in the $70s per sq ft. And last quarter we signed, you know, a lease in the tower floor in the $80s. And so the deals that we signed this quarter were, you know, fairly consistent with what we've been seeing over the last couple of quarters. Does that answer your question? The move to the base floors, is that because of the floor plate size, or? Yeah, well, it's contiguous with other space that they occupy. So they're moving out of three tower floors, which are highly desirable and marketable. They will move to base floors and expand by 25,000 sq ft. It puts them contiguous to other spaces they have, as well as closer to some a built out amenity space, you know, with food hall on the third floor. It was part of a prior agreement that we had in connection with the earlier lease that was signed. And, you know, as a reminder, we did not spend or provide the TI allowance on those three tower floors that they're vacating, and we'll be contributing that allowance money to the base floors that they will build out. But they are in occupancy currently of those tower floors. We have an opportunity to market those in advance of them moving out in 2026. So all in all, it's a really, you know, favorable deal. Works very well for LinkedIn, and it works very well for us as well. And it's the type of thing we do to accommodate, you know, tenants that have expanded and grown within our portfolio. At the Empire State Building, with Starbucks moving in, was that a consolidation of existing space within New York or an expansion in the market? It is a relocation. Yeah, it is a relocation of their New York City offices, of their only New York City offices, from the Penn District into Empire State Building. Yeah. Okay. And then, Christina, you, you mentioned R&M expenses dragging down fourth quarter earnings. Any further color you could provide on that? And also on the observatory, it looks like you're, you're guiding to a 12% reduction quarter-over-quarter in the observatory versus a 3%, quarter reduction last year. Is there anything you're seeing as far as leads or website traffic that would lead you to think that there'd be a bigger seasonality impact this year? For the observatory, a lot of that is seasonality. So that, you know, we'll continue to provide more information as that goes along. And for the major R&M, nothing in particular to call out. We have regularly, you know, planned projects, and it happens to just be timing, if it comes into Q4 or if it bleeds into 2024. So not much notable on either item. These are both routine. The seasonality impact last year was pretty minimal, though, 3%. Seasonality last year, but last year we were still in the midst of ramping up. When you look overall in past years, there is a drop between 3Q and 4Q overall. Happy to go over that more when we have our call later. Okay, great. Thank you. Thank you. Our next questions come from the line of Camille Bonhomme with Bank of America. Please proceed with your questions. Hello. Can you talk to the renewal activity your teams are executing on? It seems like quite a step up compared to the recent years. How far in advance are tenants coming to you? Sure. We proactively speak to all of our tenants on a regular basis, and we certainly ramp up those conversations starting 24 months out before lease expiration. And generally, what we find is that the smaller tenants, you know, 10,000 sq ft, and they really postpone their decision-making until the year of their lease expiration, and some don't even get to it till about 6 months prior to their expiration. And that's why you see the you know, as we update the page 14 in our supplemental, you know, you'll continue to see a certain amount of tenancy that remains in an unknown category until those tenants get closer to those expiration dates. Generally, we've been averaging around a little over 60% on renewal rate when you factor in early renewals. I think that, look, it's a reflection of the fact that we've completed our redevelopment work. We've spent $1 billion to redevelop our portfolio. We've scraped and redeveloped 95% of our tenant spaces. We've added—we've built amenities, and we're adding to our amenities, and we're definitely benefiting from a flight to quality as we deliver the best product, location in our price tier. And so I think that's leading to better renewal rates, and tenant retention overall. Mm-hmm. And you've definitely had a strong build of occupancy over the past few quarters, and appreciate your comments on the lease percent outlook. But on the occupancy side, do you think you can also continue to maintain or grow that further from here? Well, occupancy has increased 460 basis points since the end of 2021. So again, it's an increase of 460 basis points since the end of 2021. We've had, we've had 7 consecutive quarters of positive leased percentage absorption. Look, we're confident we'll achieve our guidance that we've provided for the year-end, and we're very well positioned for 2024. We feel really good about our ability to increase occupancy next year based upon a modest amount of known move-outs. Look, we have, as a comment, we have about 207,000 sq ft of known vacates in 2024, and that's against the backdrop of roughly 250,000 sq ft of leases on vacant space that should commence by next year. Generally, we're averaging over 600,000 sq ft of new leasing per year. So I think we're well positioned to improve both leased percentage and occupancy percentage next year. Appreciate the clarification there. Finally, just your comments around looking at office as potential investments. Can you expand a bit more on the opportunity you'd look at? Would it be more value add or potentially looking at assets to further improve the quality of your overall portfolio? Thank you. Our skill set is, as Tony here, our skill set is, redevelopment. And our unique intellectual property, our IP advantage, is we actually don't have to do this conceptually. We know the costs, and we know the demand, and we know the time it takes because we've done it throughout our entire portfolio. At the same time, we'll always react opportunistically to things which develop. What I would say at this point is there's been very little market clearing in the office environment, and if we had seen opportunity that was better than what we chose to invest in with proceeds from our sales, we would have acted. We didn't, and, you know, as soon as we see opportunity, we'll let you know. Thank you for taking my question. Thank you. Our next questions come from the line of Blaine Heck with Wells Fargo. Please proceed with your questions. Great, thanks. Just want to follow up on that last question. Just hoping you could talk a little bit more about your appetite for additional new investments, and I guess, you know, what level of returns you might be targeting given the increase in rates. And again, how you're kind of weighing those returns versus continued reinvestment in your own stock through repurchases. Like, I guess, just where do those returns need to be on a property acquisition to make them compelling relative to repurchases? Yeah. So, look, the returns sought and required have obviously gone up because cost of capital has gone up, because traditional lenders have created a void, and that has led to higher debt cost of capital in this period to make any deals work. So I think take that as a given across the board. As we look at the landscape, as Tony mentioned, we believe there will be distressed opportunities, and it all comes from buying in at the right basis so that we can do our work, which does require capital, and understanding the rental price points, which will allow us to get leasing velocity the way we have in our own portfolio. And that's the way the returns pencil out. So clearly it's higher than before, but in the absence of actual investment transactions in the market, don't want to get ahead and quote what the returns are. Everyone knows that the bar is higher, and it's higher for us as well. As for share buybacks, we do think it's a very attractive opportunity, even currently, when we look at our implied price per square foot, implied cap rate. Even if there's a question mark on private market valuation, these are very attractive values, especially considering we've already spent the CapEx. So when you buy into ESRT stock, our implied value per square foot is CapEx already spent, right? And that makes it a tremendous value. That said, when we think about share buyback, it's not just about the value opportunity. That is a huge component. It's also about continued operating runway for the company, continued access to capital, and we all know we're in a peak period of capital dislocation, so we need to be prudent about how much we do at a given time, and clearly, we've done a lot in size. That's very helpful, Christina. Then probably for Tom, I guess, can you talk a little bit more about demand for your pre-built suites? You know, clearly some of the largest operators of coworking and flexible space are having trouble, and, you know, Tony's been vocal about leasing to them in the past. But, you know, are you guys seeing this as an opportunity to expand that offering, and how has that demand kinda trended for that type of kinda turnkey space? Well, we've always had consistent demand and good leasing activity for our pre-built suites. Fortunately for us, we have about a little over 200,000 sq ft of vacant pre-built suites, where we've already incurred the costs and don't have to incur that cost on a go-forward basis. We lease those spaces, and they're ready to go, ready for immediate move-in. Really, I can't say that we see a big trend of, you know, movement from tenants that come out of coworking-type spaces into our pre-builts. I think that generally, those that want their own office space, their own separate environment have opted to lease with someone like us in built space. A lot of those, you know, pre-built tenants that we lease to have gone on to grow within our portfolio to subsequently lease full floors with us. And look, a lot of those tenants also want the direct relationship with the landlord and don't really want to be in, call it, a shared or coworking environment. But we signed 14 leases for pre-builts this quarter. It's pretty consistent with our pace over the last, you know, couple years. Just to, not to overstate the obvious, if there were a great deal of demand within those coworking spaces, those companies would not go out of business. It's a question of what those tenants have been, what those users have been, and are they suitable for us in the first place? Yep, fair enough. Thank you, all. Thank you. Our next questions come from the line of Dylan Burzinski with Green Street. Please proceed with your questions. Hi, guys. Thanks for taking the question. Just sort of going back to the capital allocation and appreciate the comments on how you guys evaluate underwriting new acquisition opportunities versus repurchasing your stock. But I guess, just when you guys are underwriting new acquisitions, just from a property-type perspective, are you guys requiring a larger rate of return when you guys are underwriting office opportunities? Or I guess, just can you give us a sense for how you guys think about that internally when evaluating opportunities across property types? Yeah. So our interest continues to be, as we've mentioned, New York City, office, retail, and multifamily. You know, the return requirements have gone up across the board, and we've discussed a bit on how we underwrite and think about office. And, it's usually predicated on basis and making sure we get high-quality space that we can do our work on. Within our interest in multifamily, I think we do have a recognition that that asset class is being valued differently. Even, access to financing is different, so that will come into consideration as we look at it. That asset class has access to agency financing. You are able to buy down on the rate, and that cost of debt capital will impact the returns that buyers will expect. It's also a very healthy asset class with high occupancy levels and continued rental strength. We have to keep that in mind as we look at opportunities. That said, we'll still look at individual opportunities that come along and make sure that that asset is additive to our portfolio, and there is upside to our entire portfolio and shareholder base. Appreciate that commentary. Then, I guess, just, just one on occupancy. You know, I think you ended the quarter at 87% occupancy. You didn't change guidance, so you guys are ending the quarter at the high end. Just curious, sort of the moving pieces here as you, as you look towards Q4. Yep. Well, first, we're confident that we'll achieve our guidance, that's 85%-87% for the portfolio and, about 100 basis points higher for Manhattan office. As I stated earlier, we do expect about 136,000 sq ft. of tenants to vacate in the fourth quarter, and that will be partially offset by signed leases that commence in the fourth quarter and anything that new that we sign that will also commence in the fourth quarter. In 2024, as I commented, we're. I feel really good about our ability to increase both occupancy and leased percentage based upon the modest amount of known move-outs. We've proactively managed our rent roll. We have built space. We have modernized buildings. We're. We have robust amenities. Amenities, we're adding it to those amenities that open up next year. So I think we're very well-positioned to improve upon our performance and our percentages for next year. Thanks, guys. Thank you. We'll now turn the call back over to Tony Malkin, Chairman, President, and CEO, for closing remarks. Thank you very much, everybody. A few final notes. This month, we celebrated ESRT's first decade as a public company, listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Since our IPO in October 2013, we really have not followed the crowd as we have made and executed our plans to be the New York City-focused REIT with four diverse verticals: office, the iconic Empire State Building Observatory, retail, and multifamily, and a best-in-class balance sheet. Our leadership and sustainability in our carbon-neutral commercial real estate portfolio continues to put points on the board, with leasing and the development of practices to inform policy. The biggest call-out goes to our dedicated employees, directors, tenants, stakeholders, and partners who drive our success and position ESRT for future growth. Thank you all for your participation in today's call. We look forward to the chance to meet with many of you at non-deal roadshows, conferences, and property tours in the months ahead. Until then, thank you for your interest, and onward and upward. Thank you. This does conclude today's teleconference. We appreciate your participation. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Enjoy the rest of your day.