Good day, and thank you for standing by, and welcome to the FactSet Q2 earnings call. At this time, all participants are on a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there'll be a question-and-answer session. To ask a question during the session, you'll need to press star 1 1 on your telephone. You will then hear an automated message advising your hand is raised. To withdraw your question, please press star 1 1 again. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, Kendra Brown, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead. Thank you. Good morning, everyone. Welcome to FactSet's second fiscal quarter 2023 earnings call. Before we begin, I would like to point out that the slides we will reference during this presentation can be accessed via the webcast and are currently available on the investor relations section of our website at factset.com. A replay of today's call will be available via phone and on our website. After our prepared remarks, we will open the call to questions from investors. To be fair to everyone, please limit yourself to one question plus one follow-up. Before we discuss our results, I encourage all listeners to review the legal notice on slide 2, which explains the risk of forward-looking statements and the use of non-GAAP financial measures. Additionally, please refer to our forms 10-K and 10-Q for a discussion of risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements. Our slide presentation and discussions on this call will include certain non-GAAP financial measures. For such measures, reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are in the appendix to the presentation and in our earnings release issued earlier today. Joining me today are Phil Snow, Chief Executive Officer, and Linda Huber, Chief Financial Officer. We will also be joined by Helen Shan, Chief Revenue Officer, for the Q&A portion of today's call. I will now turn the discussion over to Phil Snow. Thank you, Kendra, and good morning, everyone. Thanks for joining us today. I'm pleased to share our second quarter and first half results. Our organic ASV plus professional services growth year-over-year accelerated to 9.1%, driven by healthy expansion among existing clients and the successful execution by our sales team of our price increase in the Americas. We saw several large wins this quarter, outpacing last year and allowing us to capture more of the addressable market. Our second fiscal quarter performance resulted in adjusted diluted EPS of $3.80 and an adjusted operating margin of 37%, exceeding our guidance and situating us well for the remainder of the fiscal year. Growth this quarter was the strongest amongst banking, asset owners, and wealth management clients, aided by larger wins across each of these client types. Acceleration was broad-based, with double-digit ASV growth from our banking, corporate, and private equity and venture capital clients, and our investments in content and technology supported retention and expansion. We saw our core workstation drive follow-on opportunities for feeds and digital platforms in wealth and increased transactional revenue and demand for content from asset owners. In the first half, our end markets remained largely supportive. We are not immune to market volatility. As interest rates rise and macroeconomic conditions remain uncertain, we're beginning to see a more challenging environment for our clients. This includes reductions in AUM, constrained budgets, and headcount rightsizing after increased pandemic hiring. We're also monitoring the recent instability across the banking sector, which accounts for 17% of our ASV. In this regard, there are several key factors to keep in mind. First, FactSet is not materially exposed to commercial banking. Second, no one single client represents more than 3% of our ASV. Finally, our multi-year enterprise contracts offer protections that include seat minimums and longer cancellation notification windows. Given the evolving market dynamics, particularly in banking, we feel it is prudent to take a conservative view on the second half of the fiscal year. As such, we expect continued ASV growth, but with modest deceleration in the second half. We are therefore updating our guidance for fiscal 2023 to reflect organic ASV growth of $145 million-$175 million, inclusive of CUSIP Global Services, which becomes an organic part of our business in the third quarter. At the midpoint, this is a $15 million reduction in core business ASV growth. We expect two-thirds of this reduction to come from the challenging conditions facing the banking sector, the remaining one-third is expected to come from lengthening sales cycles and constrained budgets for other firm types. This reduction in ASV will be offset by the addition of $10 million of ASV growth from CGS. Together, these changes represent 8% growth at the midpoint, in line with our medium-term outlook. To preserve EPS, we will continue to drive disciplined expense management. As a result, we expect adjusted operating margin of 34%-35%, as previously communicated. We maintain a long-term view of our business and are steadfast in our commitment to investing for growth, and we will speak more about CGS and guidance later in the call. The demand for data and technology is increasing, and we are a proven, trusted partner for our clients for their digital transformations. In the second fiscal quarter, we remained focused on building the leading open content and analytics platform, and several large deals reinforced our conviction regarding this strategy. First, within research and advisory, we were selected as the primary market data provider for BMO's wealth management division. This was a key contributor to almost 9% workstation growth year-over-year. Our ongoing investments in our digital platform and Content Refinery also resulted in wins across banking. The most notable was a 7-figure deal for a global bank sell side research department, which included workstations and data feeds. Across the sell side, we are meeting the need for flexible integrated solutions, including feeds, APIs, CRM integrations, and banker productivity tools. In content and technology solutions, we won a major real-time deal to provide our market data-as-a-service offering to a premier asset management client. This solution will replace its legacy on-premise infrastructure. Our ability to augment enterprise platform deployments with consistent data is accelerating growth and expanding our share of wallet for content and technology solutions. Within analytics and trading, investment in our portfolio lifecycle suite has increased cross-sell opportunities with active asset managers and asset owners. Within the middle office, growth accelerated in our core analytics offering, which includes portfolio analytics, quantitative solutions, fixed income, and reporting. We also see increased buy-side demand for outsourced performance and risk solutions consistent with the trend toward investment firms outsourcing middle office functions. Our open platform and enterprise solutions have positioned us well to capitalize on this, with several other opportunities in our pipeline. As we celebrate the first anniversary of the acquisition of CUSIP Global Services, I'd like to congratulate the team on a job well done. CGS has exceeded expectations with ASV growth of 8% since the acquisition. CGS's core securities identification capabilities align well with FactSet's data management strategy. With the integration now complete, we're focused on growth across asset classes, geographies, and capabilities. We are working on expanding into loan data and private companies. For more than 50 years, CGS has provided mission-critical solutions to the front, middle, and back office. This work continues, in close partnership with the American Bankers Association, we will continue to innovate. Turning to performance across our regions, organic ASV growth in the Americas accelerated year-over-year to 9.3%, driven by strength in analytics and trading and content and technology solutions, and the execution of our price increase. Our America's price increase delivered $30.7 million in ASV, up $10.6 million from last year. In addition, the region benefited from improved expansion with banking, wealth management, and asset management clients. We also had strong sales of middle-office solutions. While new business decelerated overall for the quarter, we saw strength in new logos from asset owners. In Asia-Pacific, we delivered organic ASV growth of 10.8%. Performance was driven by research with improved expansion and retention in banking. Expansion also improved among asset managers and asset owners, although this was partially offset by client cancellations. Given the recent changes in COVID policy across Asia, we are starting to see improvement in the pipeline. We expect a lagged effect as the market normalizes. In EMEIA, organic ASV growth accelerated to 8.1%. Acceleration was driven by analytics and trading, where we saw an improvement in expansion and retention among asset owners. Improved retention among private equity and venture capital funds and hedge funds also contributed to growth. However, we also experienced headwinds as the major markets in the region remain under cost pressure and the United Kingdom begins to see an adverse impact from Brexit. In summary, I'm pleased with our first half performance. We're confident in our ability to meet our medium-term outlook despite market conditions. As we head into the second half, we have a solid pipeline driven by our open platform, connected content, and market-leading workflow solutions. With more than 40 years of growth, FactSet has a proven history of successfully navigating market volatility. Our greatest asset is our people, and I'd like to wrap up by recognizing their diligence and commitment to our strategic priorities. We were honored to be named one of Glassdoor's Best Places to Work in 2023, and I want to thank all FactSetters for helping create the culture that made this award possible. At FactSet, we're committed to growth for our clients, employees, investors, and communities. We recently published our fiscal year 2022 sustainability report themed Commitment to Action. The report highlights the progress we have made in turning our commitments into action, I encourage you all to take a look. I'll now turn it over to Linda to discuss our second fiscal quarter performance in more detail. Thank you, Phil, and hello to everyone on the call. As you've seen from our press release this morning, we're pleased to report continued high single-digit organic ASV growth and double-digit growth of revenue and adjusted EPS year-over-year. I will now share additional details on our second quarter performance. Consistent with our definition of organic revenues in ASV, we will exclude any revenue in ASV associated with CUSIP Global Services when reporting organic metrics. Given the first anniversary of the CGS acquisition on March first, 2023, CGS will be included in the organic results of FactSet as a component of our CTS business starting in the third fiscal quarter of 2023. As Kendra noted, a reconciliation of our adjusted metrics to comparable GAAP figures is included at the end of our press release. We grew organic ASV plus professional services by 9.1% year-over-year, an acceleration over the last quarter, and a solid finish for our first half. Our performance reflects the strength of our recurring sales model and disciplined execution by our sales team. As our clients look to technology and data to drive Alpha, we saw improved retention and expansion among existing clients. Price realization also continues to improve as we executed a higher price increase over a larger client base. GAAP revenue increased by 19.5% to $515 million for the second quarter. Organic revenue, which excludes any impact from acquisitions and dispositions over the last 12 months and foreign exchange, increased 8.9% - $470 million. Growth was driven primarily by CGS and our analytics and trading and content and technology solutions. For our geographic segments, on an organic basis, revenue growth for the Americas was 8.2%, benefiting from increases in content and technology solutions and analytics and trading. EMEIA revenue also grew at 8.2%, primarily due to growth in analytics and trading. Finally, Asia-Pacific revenue growth increased 15.3% due to increases in research and advisory and content and technology solutions. GAAP operating expenses grew 12.4% in the second quarter to $346 million. I'll now detail the drivers based on our primary cost buckets. First, people. Our expenses grew by 10% year-over-year in the second quarter, primarily due to increased salary and bonus expenses for existing employees. As a percentage of revenue, this was 350 basis points lower year-over-year, driven by slower salary growth as a percentage of revenue, higher labor capitalization, and FX benefit. We saw headcount increase by 10.3% year-over-year, with two-thirds of these new positions located in our centers of excellence. As a reminder, more than 66% of our employees are located in our centers of excellence. Next, facilities expense decreased by 7% year-over-year due to our reduced real estate footprint, lapping of the previous year's impairment charge of $10 million and FX benefit. As a percentage of revenue, this was 360 basis points lower year-over-year. As we continue our intense focus on cost management, we expect to take another real estate charge of approximately $15 million-$20 million later this fiscal year. Moving on, technology expenses increased by 27%, driven by increased cloud spend, third-party software costs, and higher amortization of internal use software. As a percentage of revenue, growth was 50 basis points higher year-over-year due to higher capitalization of internal use software. As we explained during last year's Investor Day, we anticipate technology costs being 8.5%-9% of revenue over the medium term. Technology expenses will likely continue to increase as we invest for growth. Finally, third-party content costs increased by 5% year-over-year. Our team is doing an excellent job of controlling third-party data costs despite inflationary pressure. As a percentage of revenue, growth in third-party content costs was 70 basis points lower year-over-year. Now turning to the margin front. Our GAAP operating margin increased by 430 basis points to 32.9% compared to the previous year. Our adjusted operating margin improved by 330 basis points to 37%. Margin expansion resulted from higher revenue, lower personnel costs as a percentage of revenue, the lapping of the prior year's impairment charge, and lower content and facilities costs. These savings were slightly offset by higher technology costs and expenses related to CGS. As a percentage of revenue, our impairment expense was 230 basis points lower than last year's on a GAAP basis. You'll find an expense walk from revenue to adjusted operating income in the appendix of today's earnings presentation. As a percentage of revenue, our cost of sales was 50 basis points higher than last year's on a GAAP basis, largely as a result of increased amortization of intangible assets, expenses related to CGS, and technology costs. This was partially offset by lower personnel costs as a percentage of revenue. On an adjusted basis, it was 180 basis points lower due to lower personnel costs as a percentage of revenue, partially offset by expenses related to CGS and higher technology costs. Finally, on a GAAP basis, SG&A was 245 basis points lower year-over-year as a percentage of revenue and 150 basis points lower on an adjusted basis. This was primarily due to decreases in facilities expense and professional services. This was partially offset by an increase in T&E as our teams resumed essential travel. Turning now to tax. Our tax rate for the quarter was 16.1%, a 6.2% increase compared to last year's rate of 9.9%. The higher Q2 tax rate is due to higher pre-tax income and lower stock option exercise. It's important to note that we expect more volatility in our tax rate. One driver will be foreign tax. In April, the U.K. statutory rate will increase from 19% -25%, increasing FactSet's foreign effective tax rate and reducing the tax benefit of foreign income. Stock option exercise will also fluctuate with our stock price, generally resulting in lower tax rate when the stock price is higher and higher tax rate when the price is lower. As we finalize our tax returns for prior years, we have the potential for one-time charges which could also be helpful. Even with this variability and a higher tax rate for the second quarter, we expect to end fiscal 2023 with an effective tax rate of 13.5%-14.5%. GAAP EPS increased 19% to $3.38 this quarter versus $2.84 in the prior year. Adjusted diluted EPS grew 16.2% to $3.80. Both EPS figures were driven by higher revenue and margin expansion, partially offset by increased interest expense and the higher tax rate. Also of note, Q2 EBITDA increased to $200 million, up 45.4% year-over-year due to higher operating income. Finally, free cash flow, which we define as cash generated from operations less capital spending, was $147 million for the quarter, an increase of 34% over the same period last year. This was due to higher net income, partially offset by increased capitalization costs from internal use software. We would note that strong free cash flow continues to be an attractive feature of FactSet's business model. Our ASV retention for the second quarter remained greater than 95%. We grew our total number of clients by 558 compared to the prior year, driven by corporate and wealth clients and channel partners. Our client retention remains at 92% year-over-year, demonstrating excellent execution by our sales and client support teams. Moving on to our balance sheet. During the second quarter, we completed another $125 million prepayment of the 3-year term loan for the CGS acquisition. This was our fourth prepayment since the start of the loan. This brought our gross leverage ratio down to 2.4x from 3.9x level when we initially financed the CGS acquisition. This is well within our 2.5x-2x gross leverage target and appropriate for our investment-grade rating. Given that we are within our target range, we will slow the pace of repayment of the remaining $500 million outstanding balance of the term loan, which matures in 2025. Given our reduced leverage levels, we intend to resume share repurchases for the remainder of fiscal 2023. We currently have $181.3 million available for share repurchase under the company's existing authorization. We plan to allocate this amount equally in the third and fourth fiscal quarters. While bringing our repurchases back to previous levels will take time, we're focused on returning capital to shareholders. We will provide updates on our share repurchase program in the coming months. As Phil stated earlier, given our reduced core ASV outlook and the inclusion of CUSIP Global Services as part of our organic results, we are updating our guidance for fiscal 2023. We expect organic ASV growth of $145 million-$175 million, which is a $15 million reduction in core ASV growth at the midpoint. The decline is offset by the $10 million addition of CUSIP and remains within our medium-term outlook of 8%-9% organic ASV growth. Given the headwinds to ASV and lag timing of ASV in the first fiscal quarter, we expect revenue for fiscal 2023 to be in the range of $2.08 billion-$2.1 billion. At the midpoint, revenue growth is expected to be about 13%, a deceleration of 95 basis points from our previously issued guidance. Despite a slightly softer top line, we are confident that our disciplined expense management will allow us to protect margins and preserve EPS. Consistent with our downturn playbook, areas of focus include ongoing real estate rightsizing, rationalization of third-party content costs, and limiting hiring to essential positions. Based on forecasted performance, we also expect our year-end bonus pool to be in the range of $100 million-$105 million, roughly $10 million less than last year, which will provide an additional margin benefit. As a result of these measures, we are maintaining adjusted margin guidance of 34%-35%, consistent with our Investor Day commitment of 50 to 75 basis points of adjusted margin expansion on average per year. Finally, given the strength of our adjusted operating margin and revenue growth, we expect adjusted EPS of $14.50-$14.90 for fiscal 2023, as previously communicated. Despite the uncertain environment, we remain confident regarding long-term growth. We have a diverse pipeline and are seeing higher retention, better expansion, improved price realization and increased demand for our products. In addition, our enterprise contracts and diverse end markets provide us with some downside protection in a turbulent market. As a result, we remain committed to our medium-term outlook and are positioned well for the future. With that, we're now ready for your questions. Operator? Thank you. As a reminder, to ask a question, please press star 11 on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star 11 again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. We do ask that you limit yourself to one question, one follow-up. Again, we ask that you limit yourself to one question, one follow-up. One moment for our first question. Our first question comes from Brendan Popson from Barclays. Your line is now open. Good morning. This is Brendan on from Ana. Just wanted to ask on, you know, the ASV cut, obviously not entirely unexpected with everything going on. I appreciate the disclosures there on where it's coming from. I wanna ask you talked about two-thirds as being from banking. you know, would expect that maybe some of it's coming from, you know, venture capital too. If you could just walk through, you know, where exactly you expect the impact to be and maybe it's just the venture capital is just such a small part of ASV, it doesn't matter. If you could quantify that for us too, that would be great. Sure. Hi, this is Helen Shan. I'll take that question. The end markets, you know, did begin to soften a bit at the beginning of the calendar year and obviously more volatile in the last few weeks. As we said, 2/3 comes, we think from banking and 1/3 from the other types. We did plan for lower growth in banking after such strong years of growth post the pandemic. Actually, 1st quarter was continued to be strong, but we did see some greater erosion in Q2, in part due to layoffs. That kind of got us to our number there of that 2/3. PEVC, we've not seen that. In fact, we've continued to see double-digit growth there. We don't feel that that's going to be as big a factor. It is, as you noted, somewhat relatively small. For us, we'll have a lot to say more when we can see what happens in the hiring classes in the fourth quarter. That's really the driver of the banking piece. The rest comes from really just changes in client behavior that we're seeing as Linda Huber and Phil Snow talked about, earlier. Okay. Then just one follow-up, pivoting over to margin. Obviously a really strong performance in the first half, and I, you know, I know that second half is typically seasonally worse. Still the number you guys have there still feels a little conservative, even if, you know, even if ASV comes in a little lower. Is there something to call out? I mean, it sounds like maybe more real estate charges are coming in. I mean, it feels like the 30%, even 35% seems pretty beatable, but just if we're, you know, if I'm missing something, just, you know, let me know. Brendan, it's Linda Huber, we appreciate your optimism on the margin front. Couple things going on. We see ASV growth slowing primarily because we're now, excuse me, lapping the CUSIP acquisition. Growth, which had been as strong as 19.5%, will now come down toward 8%. We see expense growth continuing at about 11% in the back half of the year. Those two things will combine to give us some margin compression. In the first half, we've had adjusted operating margin of about 37.6%, we do like our guidance of 34%-35%. If you do the math, you can see that adjusted operating margin will be, you know, closer to the ZIP Code of 32% as we get to the back half of the year, we think. We do hope, you know, that continued expense management will help us. The biggest piece that we're looking at here, as we said in the script, is potentially reducing our real estate footprint by another $15 million-$20 million as we get closer to the end of the year. Now that, given the length of the leases that we have, provides another, call it $3 million-$4 million back into the P&L for next year. In total, last year, we did $62 million of real estate rightsizing. With this, we'll be approaching $80 million in real estate rightsizing. We think we've handled that quite well. Otherwise, we just keep our eyes on our downturn playbook. You know, we're managing all of this pretty closely. Hope that helps. Great. Thank you. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Alex Kramm from UBS. Your line is now open. Yeah. Hey, good morning, everyone. Just quickly on the pricing, $30.7 million, clearly nice increase from last year. If I look at this correctly, and I just look at your U.S. ASV, I think that works out to roughly 2.5%. I think you've been talking about the rec rate 6%. Just wondering, I know you don't get it on all of your book of business, but just talk about maybe if you saw a little bit more incremental pushback than you expected, or how pricing discussions had gone relative to expectations, and how we should be thinking about the European increase, which should be coming in the next quarter. Hey, Alex. It's Helen. I'll take, I'll take that one. We've made really good progress in capturing value, both because of our fit for purpose packages and our higher price realization. As Phil mentioned, we did get to raise $31 million from ASV just in Americas alone, which is $10 million higher than the previous year and really a fifth of our total ASV growth rate. To your point, this increase is in part due to higher rate, but also the fact that we are able to capture more clients. 60% of our of our book here in Americas was captured, which is actually higher by 6.4%. The remaining part, a lot of that is in our long-term contracts that we have negotiated step-ups. We don't include that in the annual price increase or for those that we were able to recently renew or new clients in Q1. Also keep in mind, because of our calendar year end, Alex, that first quarter that folks are still on last year's rate increase, so you're really getting 3 quarters of it for this year. That is part of the reason if you're trying to get to a math piece there. Our sales force has been terrific in being able to help clients understand with our the value of our increased investments and being able to get the higher price increase. We did not see more pushback this year than in previous years. That is not at all the behavior that we dealt with. Okay. Great. Thank you for the color. Second question, not sure if I'm the right person to ask it, but I will anyways. I mean, obviously, UBS is buying Credit Suisse. I think this is the first, I guess, bulge bracket, marriage or forced marriage that we've seen since the financial crisis. When I go back to, you know, 2008, 2009 performance, you certainly saw that impact. Phil, I heard you in terms of highlighting how big some of, or how big the biggest customers are. Could you talk about, you know, how something like that may impact you? I would assume this is more fiscal year 2024 event. If I think about the relative size, relative to what you said earlier, I mean, it's like $50 million plus minus the right ballpark for a client of that size. Can you help us a little bit about a potential impact here? Hey, Alex, it's Phil. I'm not gonna talk about the specific size of any particular client. I think you can assume, right, that FactSet has a good footprint within these large global banks. It's not just the investment banking teams. Very often, it's on the asset management side, and also there'll be wealth users as well. We've got a very nice distributed portfolio across these firms. You know, I think part of why we're being a bit more prudent here in the second half is, you know, we do get a lot of banking ASV in Q4 based on the hiring of these banks. We're not quite sure how this is gonna play out, you know, whether or not there's gonna be more consolidation or not. Typically, we do okay, right, during these periods. FactSet is very sticky. We're there to help our clients. We're very trusted. We have a much more diverse portfolio than we had, you know, 10 years ago, that's for sure. Usually, you know, if people leave, these firms, they end up somewhere else. If they like FactSet, they'll ask for it when they get there, which is always great. It is hard to predict, but we're, you know, we've handled this well in the past, and we think we're very well equipped to handle it, if there's even more uncertainty moving forward. Fair enough. Thank you. Yep. AN, thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from George Tong from Goldman Sachs. Your line is now open. Hi. Thanks. Good morning. Your ASV guidance plans for slower growth from the banking category, can you describe what you're seeing with the sales cycles there in the broader pipeline? How much of the guidance reduction reflects what you've already seen versus conservatism around what you expect to see? Hey, George. I'll take that. It's a little bit of a combination of both. I mean, obviously, this quarter has been a terrific one given our 9+% growth rate. We are seeing some higher erosion, that's something we're taking into effect. Banking is a pretty large piece of our Q4, there's probably a bit of conservatism there, that's because we don't have that visibility at this time. Knowing where we think hiring will go, that's where that drives that two-thirds piece. In terms of the rest of the book, we are seeing that more deals. It's taking longer to get some of the deals over the line. Quite frankly, what's the benefit is the fact that we see quite a few that are still in the commercial negotiation stage. Meaning they're in the right place, but it's taking a little longer. That really speaks to the quality of the book, which is still solid, but given timing, it may take a little bit longer to monetize. Got it. That's helpful context. As follow-up, I wanna turn to margins. You had mentioned before that you expect margins to move lower heading through the year, and understand the seasonality of margins. If you look at year-over-year comparisons with margins, which essentially would wash out seasonality, how do you expect margins to progress year over year? What are the key puts and takes as you think about margin expansion or contraction year over year? Sure. George, the seasonality and the pattern is very similar to what it was last year in FY 2022. As we move forward, you know, we would probably give you a little bit of outlook here on our four main cost buckets. People, we expect that cost will continue to increase as we go through the back half of this year. We have additional headcount, two-thirds of it in offshore locations, but we do have additional headcount. We're offsetting that by higher capitalization. We've done very well across the firm to increase the rate of capitalization, which is appropriate. In the first half of the year, I would note our capitalization was $35 million. For the back half, you're going to want to pick that up even a little bit more, as the tech spend is heavier, thus the capitalization will be higher as well. On the technology cost, more specifically, we still see that we'll be within the 8%-9% of revenue for tech costs. This is a growing business, and we are increasing our tech spend to support it. We talked about real estate, another charge of $15 million-$20 million that we have planned. This has been an area where I think we've done a great job of rationalizing our costs, and it's been very helpful to us with absolutely no impact on anything else that we're doing. Third-party data similarly has had a slight growth, 3%, but given the rate of inflation, that looks pretty good. We're pretty happy about that. What we're going to do is we're gonna continue our focus on our downturn playbook. Right now, we are looking at essential hires only. Travel is prioritized for essential trips, primarily around Helen's sales team. We've talked about real estate, and we are negotiating hard on third-party content. All of that together, you know, we think is manageable. The last piece that we would note on people costs. Our bonus pool, we're thinking is going to be sort of $100 million-$105 million. Last year, we had a bonus pool which was more like $115 million. We're looking for, about, call it $10-ish million savings on that if we perform at 100% of our targets. Again, last year was a very strong bonus year. This year will probably be a bit more moderate, and we'll continue to update you on this as we move through the year. Hope that's helpful to you, George, and hope I covered everything you wanted. Very helpful. Thank you. Sure. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Andrew Nicholas from William Blair. Your line is now open. Hi, good morning, and thanks for taking my questions. I think, Phil, you mentioned CGS ASV growth of 8% year since acquiring it, and I think that's on the higher end of what that business had historically grown, at least in terms of revenue. I'm just wondering if you could speak to the sustainability of being kind of in that high single-digit range and maybe a little bit more on the progress of some of the, you know, new opportunities there on private company data in particular. Thanks for the question. We feel confident. You know, we've had this asset for a year now, so we're still getting to know it. It's a very steady, consistent business. We were executing exceptionally well. We've got a great sales team. Almost all of the employees that came over during the acquisition are still with us and very happy. I think some of, you know, the growth can just be attributed to good execution, frankly, in terms of the contracts and as new issuance comes out. You know, getting into issuing CUSIPs for new asset classes isn't a very quick process, right? There's a lot of parties you have to bring to the table and get on board to do that. We're making good progress there on the two areas that I mentioned, particularly the loan entity IDs. It's a consistent business. You know, I think you should see steady performance from it. But again, we're just getting to know this asset really well now that we've had it for a year. Perfect. Thank you. Then switching gears a bit for my follow-up. I wanted to ask a question on wealth. Obviously another nice win there with the BMO ad in the quarter. Was just hoping you could spend maybe a bit more time walking through, you know, the major reasons you're winning in that space. Maybe more importantly from my perspective, when you're not winning deals, are there major gaps in your offering that consistently come up? As you think about those gaps, are those generally opportunities to address those organically, or would we eventually expect to see you acquire into those gaps? Thank you. Yes. Thanks for the follow-up question. There are no gaps related to the product that, you know, we intended to take to market, so we're doing very well, you know, with the advisor workstation. You know, some of the reasons we're winning really are just the ease of use of the interface, the speed of it, the flexibility of FactSet's, you know, superior analytics capabilities, integrating portfolios. The Advisor Dashboard that we've layered on top of this for some clients really suggests the next best action for the advisors. That's been a big hit. Just, I think, our open and flexible technology, in addition to the interface itself, allows the firm to bring in feeds and other components that they may want into other parts of their business. It continues to grow in double digits. It was a double-digit growth for, I think, 7 or 8 quarters in a row now, so a very consistent performer. We still see a lot of room here to grow the tailwinds in this space. As you pointed out, there are some obvious adjacencies that FactSet could get into, could get into. We're looking at those, you know, and if there's an opportunity to do something, either buy or build, we'll take advantage of that. Helen, do you wanna add on? Yeah, no, I was going to say that a lot of our wealth clients are really investing into their own technology platform. Exactly what Phil said. Once we land with our workstation, quite frankly, there's a lot of room for growth with the Advisor Dashboard and other digital solutions. Since they're investing in their platform and because we have an open strategy, we are actually seeing tons of opportunities. I think there's a lot there for us to continue to grow on. Great. Thank you. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Faiza Alwy from Deutsche Bank. Your line is now open. Yes. Hi, good morning. Thanks. I wanted to ask about investments because it looks like the pace of investments is going to accelerate, which is typically the case, seasonally. But I'm curious if, you know, given the recent volatility, if your thinking around the types of areas that you're investing in has evolved at all? Sure. Thanks, Faiza. I mean, it's a little bit early to comment on exactly what we'll be doing. This is the time of year that we look at our strategy and consider, you know, what we might wanna think about for next year in terms of any changes. Many of the initiatives that we set out to execute on a few years ago, these are long initiatives, so we continue to execute well on our Deep Sector and private markets offerings. We're doing well in real time. I mentioned a very nice deal that we captured in Q2 as a result of that investment, and we've actually tilted more investment towards that this year. We just see so much opportunity in that space. You know, one thing I can sort of highlight or I'd like to highlight is, you know, FactSet has great content analytics, and we're also a technology company. We've done so much work to invest in our platform with a hybrid cloud strategy, partnerships we've developed, our API program, all of that is really beginning to bear fruit. We do believe that the technology piece of what we do is going to help us more in the future. You actually see that in CTS. CTS had a very good quarter, grew in double digits, accelerated. If you look at of what CTS is providing to the market, it's content and technology solutions. This quarter it really tilted towards the technology part, which is exciting. You know, sitting down with our clients, helping them manage data, helping them in other ways. That's a bit of the evolution there, if that's helpful to you and maybe gives you a bit of a hint of sort of where we're headed, into next year. Great. That's very helpful. Just as a follow-up, I wanted to ask about capital allocation. Linda, you mentioned that you expect to slow the pace of, you know, repayments on the debt side. Maybe talk about, you know, how you're looking to balance, you know, debt pay down versus share buybacks. Like, should we expect all buybacks to happen immediately this year? Just give us a bit more color in terms of how you're thinking about those things. Sure, Faiza. The first order for FactSet for capital allocation is to reinvest in our strong and fast-growing businesses, as Phil just explained. Our investment pool is pretty much the same this year as it was last year. We've tracked our investments. They've done very well. We'll continue with the things that are going very nicely for us and, you know, maybe pick up a thing or two that's new. Investment comes first. We have our dividend, which, as you can see, has been quite steady and has grown nicely over the years. We're about coming up to the time where we think about what will happen next with the dividend. On share repurchase, we have $181.3 million in our authorization. The plan is to spread that evenly over the remaining five-ish months of the year. we'll use a Rule 10b5-1 in grid repurchase program. we'll put that into place here in sometime in the coming weeks. We're pretty excited about resuming share repurchase. I think that probably, you know, pretty much covers what we'll be looking to do in terms of capital allocation. I think we see this more as sort of getting back to what we've done before. On the pay down of the loan for CUSIP, we had been paying down $125 million a quarter. We may slow that down to even sort of half-ish of that pace. You know, all these things together, I think should help us get some capital back to shareholders, in a way that's more typical of what FactSet has done in previous years. We're excited about getting back to share repurchase. It is the back half of the year. It's not going to move the average share count all that much for 2023, but it will be quite helpful to us as we move into 2024. Hope that, detail was helpful to you, Faiza. Yes, very helpful. Thank you. Mm-hmm. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Craig Huber from Huber Research Partners. Your line is now open. Great. Thank you. My first question, go a little bit deeper, if you would, please, on the sales cycle that you're seeing on your buy-side clients, both, you know, the asset managers, hedge funds, but also love to hear a little bit on the venture capital and private equity firms out there and how that sales cycle is tracking for you? Hi, Craig. I'll take that one. Yeah. I think interestingly, as opposed to specifically on the firm types, but as we're taking a look at sort of the size of firms, that's where we're seeing a little bit of a difference with regard to sales cycles. What I mean by that is many of our larger clients are really going through their digital transformation. Because they've already spent probably 12-24 months investing, planning, our ability to continue with them, where, you know, when we think about deals that are taking longer, it's not in necessarily the largest of deals, it's actually more in the mid-size. As a result, we'll feel some downside protection on that. You know, things will take a little bit longer. We can tell from the deals and how long they're taking and moving from one quarter to the next. Not very long, but as we said, the trend is coming that way, and so we're just keeping an eye on it. How would you characterize the revised ASV outlook here in terms of conservativeness? Given the environment, I don't blame you for being conservative there and stuff, but just how did you put that together in terms of? As the question came up earlier, just want to hear a little bit further about what you're hearing from clients versus what you layered on top of that, trying to anticipate about tougher economic and soft market backdrop. Hey, Craig, maybe I'll say a few things, and then I'm sure Helen will have some stuff to add on. You know, for the second half, what I do wanna highlight is the strength that we're seeing in analytics and CTS. They've had both had very good quarters. The pipeline for both of those lines of business look very good. You think of these more as our enterprise solutions. We see a very healthy appetite from our clients for these across a number of firm types. The conservatism is coming around our research area, which really has to do with the seats, and, you know, but primarily in banking. That's a bit of the thinking. Then as I mentioned in my opening comments, you know, we see about two-thirds of the correction that we made to banking and the other third to firm types. Helen, I don't know if you wanted to add on to help with anything. Yeah. I think it's also important to keep in mind the shape and mix of our banking book. First of all, we have seen acceleration in a lot of the cross-selling we're doing. As banks are, we've had growth in data feeds, API integration, digital solutions in there. It's not only around the workstation itself. The other piece is to really think about both the large banks, sort of the majors, as we call them, and then the middle market banking clients, where a number of advisory boutiques actually are making opportunistic hiring decisions. That's helped keep the book in decent shape. We do expect the sector to be slower than last year, but I think the diversification and what we're offering them and the mix of the client portfolio and of course, the multi-year contracts that have minimums, 2/3 of our book have minimums in there in the banking. That gives us some downside protection. I feel pretty good about our ability to manage through that downturn. Great. Thank you. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Ashish Sabadra from RBC Capital Markets. Your line is now open. Thanks for taking my question. I just wanted to drill down further on the two areas which have been really strong, content and analytics. That's mostly focused on the buy side, which is more than like 87% of your business. In this environment, the buy side has been relatively resilient, at least as far as we can see. My question there was on, and I get the sorry, the comments around elongation of sales cycle, but I was just wondering if you can talk about the pipeline itself. How is the pipeline comparing even compared to 3 months before? Are you seeing more deals come into the pipeline? Is it just a matter of maybe they get pushed out from fourth quarter to fiscal year 2024 versus the ability to close the deal? Thanks. Hey, Ashish, it's Phil, I'll start. We're seeing very good pipelines for both analytics and CTS. This really I think is just in line with the mega trends that we've seen on the buy side for the last few years. All these firms are going through their own transformations. They wanna do more, you know, with less partners, essentially. They're looking for those anchor partners like FactSet that they can work with that have the majority of what they need from a technology and content standpoint, they wanna shorten the tail. There's also a shift to outsourcing, we're seeing a lot of the asset services beginning to do more for asset management clients. You know, we think we're in about 70% of the asset services at different stages of working with them. We've got very good partnerships there that's really built up over the last year or two, where FactSet's superior middle office solutions, whether it's risk, performance, reporting, all our multi-asset class capabilities. We can deploy those now to the buy side, either directly ourselves or through partners like asset services. That's a big trend. We're also seeing very good strength in asset owners, that firm type accelerated this quarter, for some of the same reasons, just the strength of the solutions that we offer. That's a trend. I think also, you know, what Helen mentioned, sort of the open technology that's working very well with wealth clients. That's true with, you know, asset managers as well. There's lots of ways that we can help them. On the CTS side, you know, the real-time data had a very strong quarter. We had that key deal. We see a lot of opportunity there, a very strong pipeline for what we're calling market data-as-a-service. FactSet is delivering this through the cloud, which is new. For clients that have had very heavy on-prem solutions for real-time, historically, we're offering, you know, a next generation solution for them that we think is very exciting. That's one of the things I would highlight in CTS. That's very helpful color. Just. Sorry, go ahead. I was just going to add one quick thing. In these sorts of periods, the thing you wanna focus on as well is retention, and our retention has continued to be incredibly strong. As we think about the expansion with the buy side, from a workflow perspective, we continue to see strength in the middle office with performance solution. As Phil said, back office with real-time, we're the only provider with a ticker plant in the cloud, and that's a differentiating factor that's very much resonating. To your last point, when we see delays, we're not seeing those deals necessarily fall out, meaning they're not lost or canceled. I think that plays a bit into the comment made around when they will when they will actually become monetized. That's great color. Thank you very much. Maybe if I can just ask on the wealth front. Despite the BMO win, the wealth was not highlighted as a strength in the second quarter. I was just wondering, does that come in in the back half of the year, or does that get classified as something else in terms of ASV? Thanks. Yeah, no. Wealth is a terrific growth area for us and Bank of Montreal, deal is in this quarter, but it's just part one. We believe as they continue on their complete digital transformation, in fact, it's in the statement that they gave in the press release, we'll follow them through that. It is in this quarter. That's very helpful color. Thanks. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Russell Quelch from Redburn. Your line is now open. Yeah, thanks for having me on. Just want to get back to the point on margins. If we go back 10 years, your gross margin was somewhere around sort of 65%. Today, that number sits at just over 50%. Is this a function that you have to buy more third-party data, and that cost is increasing? I sort of heard your answer to George's questions in terms of near-term margin drivers. Is there more you could do to improve efficiencies in operations to improve the gross margin over time again? I'm just noting, like, best-in-class here operate above 80% gross margin. Russell, it's Linda. Yeah, best-in-class in our competitor set is above where we are, but they're different businesses. Some of the companies have an index business which has a 75% plus margin, and some of them have ratings businesses which have 55% plus margins. We have neither of those businesses. We think we're doing really well on the margin increase front. We've said 50 to 75 basis points on adjusted operating margin, and that we will see that on average over the next few years. We've been making really good progress on that. Are there more things we could do on margin? The answer is definitely yes. I spoke about what we're looking to do in terms of further reduction in our real estate footprint. We're very proud of the cost control efforts that we've put in place already. I think the main part of the effort here that Phil may wanna pick up on is what we're doing to automate our content collection. That's kind of the biggest opportunity that we have, and technology is changing very rapidly in that area. We are able to move much more quickly with content collection and do much more quickly than we were able to do previously, even a year ago. You know, I'm not sure that it's relevant to comment on what happened really 10 years ago. This company was very, very much different 10 years ago. We're working on the margin. We have done what we said we will do. Even with a $15 million decrease in the core ASV growth, we're still holding margin for the year with the increases that we had spoken about before. Maybe I'll turn it over to Phil here and let him talk a little bit more about some of the opportunities that we see, particularly in the content area. Sure. Thanks, Linda. Yeah. Yeah, Russell, we've been re-architecting our content collection efforts and really automating things more than we had in the past. That's been an ongoing effort. It was necessary for us to do that, because of the Deep Sector initiative and some other content sets that we're beginning to collect at scale. We're, you know, way less than halfway through that, but we have a lot of content sets beginning to go through it. It looks very promising. The question just becomes, okay, does that flow through to margin, or does FactSet continue to invest in even more content, right, to help drive the top line? There's a lot of automation opportunity, not just within content, but I think within, different parts of our business moving forward. Okay. Yeah, thanks. Okay. Just as a follow-up, in terms of client growth, the client growth has been under 100 for 2 consecutive quarters now, I think. What degree do you think that's due to just the backdrop, or is there an element to which we're seeing the impact of increased competition, particularly in financial markets workstations from some of your peers? I wouldn't attribute it to increased competition. New business is down because I think because of the environment. We still are showing very strong growth in new logos from corporates. There'll be a big opportunity for private equity firms. This quarter, we actually grew our institutional asset management clients, I think, by 10. We're seeing growth, you know, across different firm types. You know, we are. You know, we do exist in a lot of the large firms that are out there already, so, you know, the potential for FactSet really exists within a lot of the existing clients, but it is nice to get new names, you know, as firms get formed. Super. Thanks. Bye. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Kevin McVeigh from Credit Suisse AG. Your line is now open. Great. Thanks so much. Hey, Phil. You had a comment on the call where you talked about CTS tilting more towards technology as opposed to content. Can you maybe just desegregate that a little bit? How much, if you can, how much of CTS today is kinda content versus technology? Is there a meaningful difference in the growth there? Is it kind of the Snowflake relationships and Aladdin that's driving that technology adoption, or is it, to Toni's point earlier, just the sophistication of the clients you're serving? Yes. Yeah. Hey, Kevin. The vast majority of it is content. And when I talk about technology, it's probably being able to deliver that content in that same content in new ways. If you went back 10 years ago, we'd be shipping you a comma delimited flat file that you'd be, you know, putting into your internal systems and having to do a lot of work with. Now we do have, you know, delivery through APIs, through Snowflake, through lots of other partners and beginning to layer on some services. The one service that we have is something called Concordance as a service. If you have some data, you don't want to go through all of the mapping of it yourself, FactSet's very good at that. That's what we built our business on. We will provide that service. We believe there's opportunities like that, moving forward, to lean in real time. I'm characterizing that as technology. You could say it's content as well, but the fact that we've put this technology up in the cloud, we think is really interesting from a technology standpoint, and going to drive growth, further growth for CTS moving forward. Super helpful. This may be obvious, but Linda, if you could just humor me. The difference in the ASV relative to the revenue, it looks like a $5 million tweak, and I know CUSIP comes in versus the revenue looks like it's $15 million-$20 million. Is there any way to think about the delta between those two? Kevin, I think you make a good point. The conversion of ASV into revenue, a little bit perhaps slowed as to where it was before because we had a little bit lighter first quarter in particular. I don't think there's gonna be anything there that's major. We feel pretty good about each of those estimates, and it's probably worth saying, you know, we're doing this, Kevin, as you know, it's been a pretty dramatic time. We have to revise guidance here four days after a very eventful weekend. It is possible, you know, that maybe we're being overly conservative. We don't know yet. You know, as we watch going through the rest of the year, we'll be updating as to where we stand. We did wanna try to be very thoughtful about what we're seeing right now. Good point on the conversion to revenue. Thanks very much, Kevin. Thank you. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Shlomo Rosenbaum from Stifel. Your line is now open. Hi. Thank you very much for taking my questions. Phil, can you elaborate a little bit on the cancellations you touched on? Is there, you know, something in particular? Is it people getting laid off? Is it some form of closures? Maybe you can just expand on that a little bit. Can you help clarify the question? I'm not sure what cancellations I referred to. I thought you were when you were discussing Americas, that you had some area that you said you were, you know, some of the positives and one of the negatives. I thought there was some cancellations that you had highlighted. It could be that I misunderstood it. Yeah, I think you might have misunderstood that. Okay. There wasn't. Hey. Hi, Shlomo. It's Helen. We've actually had very good retention. There is erosion that's happening in cases on a bit on the banking side, which is why we are taking our more deliberate approach on thinking about that, but there wasn't anything material this quarter. Okay. Thank you. Linda, you talked a little bit about, real estate, you know, potential additional real estate that you're planning to do, some more actions on the rest of the year. If you look at your downturn playbook, is there a lot more levers that you can kind of push in that downturn playbook beyond what you've kind of laid out for us in the last several quarters? In other words, if we do see that this kind of spirals, you know, more after, you know, as you noted, was a very eventful weekend last weekend. Yeah, Shlomo, great question. We do have some additional thoughts on things we could do. For example, we've added back a bit to travel and entertainment, particularly for Helen's team, for critical client usage and for critical pipeline activity. We could pull back on that again a little bit, but frankly, I'd rather not because we're trying to make sure the top line is as healthy as absolutely possible. Real estate is one that we're going to do. Technology costs may come in a bit lighter. We'll have to see how that goes, and please keep an eye on the capitalization rate. With people, it's largely about keeping to this essential hiring and, you know, making sure that we're communicating clearly with you on where the bonus pool is going. Those are the major things. At this point, you know, we feel pretty good about the way we're managing the company. I wanted to anticipate a question you always ask, Shlomo. You're always ahead of everyone on day sales outstanding. It has popped up a bit as we've brought CUSIP in-house. Job number 1 was to get the technology changeover completed successfully, not break anything, and we did that. Now our focus will turn to day sales outstanding, Shlomo, and we hope that we have some nice, lower results on DSO to speak to you about in the third quarter. Glad you're paying attention to that detail. Thanks for preempting that. Happy to do so. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Toni Kaplan from Morgan Stanley. Your line is now open. Thanks very much. You've talked about the elongation of the sales cycle already. Wanted to understand the impact on not just new customers, but also cross-selling. Like, does cross-selling or upselling start to get more complicated in this kind of environment? I guess, what product sets would you anticipate being the most impacted? Hey, Toni. I'll take a shot at that. I think for cross-selling, it becomes a little bit around client budgets. We did talk about a longer sales cycle. It would be remiss of us to not also note that clearly folks are tightening their belts. There is some of that coming into play. That being said, as I mentioned earlier, for our larger clients, many of them had set budgets. They need to continue to invest. We've not seen some of the major changes on that front. There may be if they need to take something major in terms of change, especially in certain areas right now because of changing from one provider to another. In terms of add-on, especially on feeds, we've seen very good positive momentum there. I think the pressure will be more along the lines of material new projects as opposed to expansion. Great. I think you mentioned some strength on the risk side. I guess in terms of the offerings there, can you just refresh us on, you know, is this within the asset management client base that's purchasing it? Like, I guess, how much of an uptick do you typically see, or is it just offsetting something they might have purchased otherwise? Yeah. Typically our risk offering, Toni, is delivered through our analytics suite. That'll be risk. Multi-asset class risk is really where the momentum has been for us over the last number of years. We have a number of risk models on our system from third-party providers that we integrate, and then we do a lot of our own work on the risk side as well. A la FactSet, really giving that choice and then very good analytics that are integrated with the rest of your portfolios, your performance suite, all of that has come together so nicely, you know, with the acquisition of BISAM, Vermilion, and getting those integrated into the core FactSet platform. We just see, you know, when you go out and you're closing an asset owner or an asset manager, risk usually is at the heart of their middle office system. We believe that we've done such a nice job there. We have good momentum. It wasn't a particularly strong quarter for risk. It's a consistent performer, but it's always in the mix there with, you know, the rest of things is really at the heart of it. This quarter in analytics, we did very well with our quant product, which we're investing in, and we also did very well in fixed income, so it's nice to see fixed income have a good quarter as well. Terrific. Thank you. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Owen Lau from Oppenheimer. Your line is now open. Thank you for taking my question. Could you please give us an update on the momentum in Asia Pacific? I think organic ASP grew at 10.8% off a low base. You talk about recent change in COVID policy there. What do you see the environment there right now, and do you think growth can accelerate from here going forward? Thanks. Thanks for that question. Yeah, we did see accelerated growth in the quarter, which is terrific. In particular, some good demand in the first half in both Australia as well as in Japan. If I think about Australia, they had greater and improved retention and increased demand from asset owners. In particular, as you know, there would be the super funds who are going through some consolidation and trying to gain efficiencies. They've got a lot of complexity on the data side, and as Phil Snow just mentioned, our ability to help them manage through that, to connect the different various datasets has really been a differentiator for us. Our Concordance offering has helped them, for example, in creating, like, an entity master. Japan has their own issues, but they've also expanded in terms of accelerated growth with asset managers. We continue to see double digit growth there in analytics. We do see that Hong Kong is still recovering, so I think we mentioned that last quarter. Activity has picked up a lot given post relaxation of the zero COVID rule. We think the pipeline there is beginning to book, but at this point it's coming from, as you know, a bit of a low base. We're very pleased to see the improvement happening out in APAC. Got it. Then, and also another product which is, like, related to ESG offerings and also the traction there. I think there are some noise about, like, some funds are moving away from ESG investing. Do you see these as a material trend or you don't see that as, you know, as like, troubling as the kind of, some people have reported? Thanks. Yeah. Hey, Owen, it's Phil. Yeah, well, ESG is a very small piece of FactSet's business. Our strategy here is just to provide the picks and shovels that anyone in the market that wants to can build a view of ESG. You know, we'll provide choice of data that's out there, but we're not in the business of creating ESG ratings or anything like that. You know, we'll provide the tools that clients need, but it's not a huge focus for us. You know what I don't want to get lost today, right? With all of the volatility of the market, is this was FactSet's strongest Q2 ever. We had a very good quarter, and we had three deals across different parts of our businesses in the seven figures. We had a fantastic real-time deal, which is new. We captured a large sell-side research deployment, which is very exciting. We had the BMO Wealth deal that we've been able to be more public about. All of this really points to the strength of our business, the diversity of it, and I think a reason for us all to be optimistic moving forward. Thank you very much. Yes, sure. Thank you, Owen. Thanks everyone for your questions today. In closing, thank you all for joining us today. Please note that in conjunction with the first anniversary of our inaugural investment-grade senior notes offering, we will be hosting a conference call for our fixed income investors on April 13th. Linda and I will give an update on performance and take questions from investors. Details can be found in our press release that we just issued on March 21st. In the meantime, feel free to contact Kendra Brown with additional questions, and we look forward to speaking to you again soon. Operator, that ends today's call. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.