Good day. Welcome to Globe Life Second Quarter 2023 Earnings Release Conference Call. Today's conference is being recorded. For the duration of the call, your lines will be in listen-only mode. However, you will have the opportunity to ask questions. This can be done by pressing star one on your telephone keypad to register your question. If you require assistance at any point, please press star zero. You'll be connected to an operator. I will now hand you over to Stephen Mota, Senior Director, Investor Relations. Thank you. Good morning, everyone. Joining the call today are Frank Svoboda and Matt Darden, our Co-Chief Executive Officers, Tom Kalmbach, our Chief Financial Officer, Mike Majors, our Chief Strategy Officer, and Brian Mitchell, our General Counsel. Some of our comments or answers to your questions may contain forward-looking statements that are provided for general guidance purposes only. Accordingly, please refer to our earnings release, 2022 10-K, and any subsequent forms 10-Q on file with the SEC. Some of our comments may also contain non-GAAP measures. Please see our earnings release and websites for discussion of these terms and reconciliations to GAAP measures. I will now turn the call over to Frank. Thank you, Stephen. Good morning, everyone. In the second quarter, net income was $215 million or $2.24 per share, compared to $224 million or $2.26 per share a year ago. Net operating income for the quarter was $251 million, or $2.61 per share, an increase of 3% from a year ago. On a GAAP reported basis, return on equity was 22.4%, and book value per share is $41.44. Excluding accumulated other comprehensive income, or AOCI, return on equity was 14.6%, and book value per share is $72.09, up 10% from a year ago. In our life insurance operations, premium revenue for the second quarter increased 3% from the year ago quarter to $782 million. For the year, we expect life premium revenue to grow around 4%. Life underwriting margin was $296 million in the second quarter, down 1% from a year ago. At the midpoint of our guidance, we expect life underwriting margin for the full year to grow around 5%, and as a percent of premium, to be in the range of 37%-39%. In health insurance, premium grew 3% to $329 million, and health underwriting margin was up 1% to $92 million. For the year, we expect health premium revenue to grow around 3%. At the midpoint of our guidance, we expect health underwriting margin to be relatively flat and as a percent of premium to be in the range of 28%-30%. Administrative expenses were $75 million for the quarter, up 2% from a year ago. As a percentage of premium, administrative expenses were 6.8%, same as the year ago quarter. For the full year, we expect administrative expenses to be up approximately 3% and be around 6.9% of premium. Higher labor and IT costs are expected to be largely offset by a decline in pension-related employee benefit costs. I will now turn the call over to Matt for his comments on the second quarter marketing operations. Thank you, Frank. First, American Income Life, where life premiums were up 5% over the year-ago quarter to $395 million, and life underwriting margin was up 2% to $180 million. In the Second Quarter 2023, net life sales were $82 million, down 4% from a year-ago quarter. However, as a reminder, we produced very strong sales in the first half of 2022, with AIL posting sales growth of 16% for the Second Quarter 2022. This makes for a tough quarter-over-quarter comparable. However, I see good momentum with this division, and I anticipate strong sales growth in the latter half of this year. The average producing count for the second quarter was 10,488, up 8% from the year-ago quarter and up 8% from the first quarter. While sales declined from the year-ago quarter, we have seen sequential growth in average producing agent count over the past two quarters, and I am excited to see the continued momentum in recruiting as agent count growth is a driver of future sales growth. At Liberty National, life premiums were up 7% over the year-ago quarter to $87 million, and life underwriting margin was up 2% to $28 million. Net life sales increased 21% to $23 million, and net health sales were up $8 million, which is up 18% from the year-ago quarter, due primarily to increased agent count. The average producing agent count for the second quarter was 3,180, which is up 17% from the year ago quarter. Liberty National continues to produce strong sales and recruiting activity. At Family Heritage, health premiums increased 8% over the year ago quarter to $98 million, and health underwriting margin increased 14% to $33 million. The increase in underwriting margin is primarily due to higher premiums and improved claim experience. Net health sales were up 19% to $23 million, primarily due to increased agent count. The average producing agent count for the second quarter was 1,345, up 15% from the year ago quarter. The ongoing emphasis on recruiting continues to generate strong growth in this division. In our direct to consumer division at Globe Life, life premiums increased 1% over the year ago quarter to $249 million, while life underwriting margin declined 8% to $56 million. The decrease in underwriting margin is primarily due to higher policy obligations and acquisition expenses. Net life sales were $32 million, down 3% from the year ago quarter, primarily due to declines in direct mail and insert media activity. However, electronic sales grew over 4% from the year ago quarter. Electronic sales continue to be an important part of our direct to consumer division, as the electronic channel currently represents approximately 70% of new sales. This channel has grown at an approximate 6% compounded annual growth rate since 2019. On to United American General Agency, where health premiums increased 1% over the year-ago quarter to $137 million. Health underwriting margin was $15 million, or 11% of premium, down from 12% from the year-ago quarter. Net health sales were $13 million, up 4% compared to the year-ago quarter. On to projections. Based on the trends that we are seeing and our experience with our business, we expect the average producing agent count trends for the full year 2023 to be as follows: at American Income Life, low double-digit growth, at Liberty National, mid-teens growth, at Family Heritage, low double-digit growth. Net life sales for the full year 2023 are expected to be as follows: American Income Life, low single-digit growth, Liberty National, mid-teens growth, direct to consumer, slightly down to relatively flat. Net health sales for the full year 2023 are expected to be as follows: Liberty National, mid-teens growth, Family Heritage, low double-digit growth, and United American General Agency, mid single-digit growth. I'll now turn the call back to Frank. Thanks, Matt. We will now turn to the investment operations. Excess investment income, which for 2023 we define as net investment income, less only in required interest on policy liabilities, was $31 million, up $7 million from the year ago quarter. Net investment income was $261 million, up 7%, or $16 million from the year ago quarter, due to higher yields on fixed maturities and short-term investments, and an increase in floating rate interest, floating interest rates on our commercial mortgage loans, including hotel and limited partnerships. I would point out here that while we benefit from the higher floating rates on the commercial loans, these investments do have rate floors that mitigate the impact of a decline in rates. Required interest, as adjusted to reflect the impact from the adoption of LDTI, is up 4% over the year ago quarter, in line with the increase in net policy liabilities. For the full year, we expect net investment income to grow approximately 6% as a result of the favorable rate environment and steady growth in our invested assets, and expect excess investment income to grow in the range of $11 million-$12 million. Regarding our investment yield. In the second quarter, we invested $359 million in investment-grade fixed maturities, primarily in the municipal and industrial sectors. We invested at an average yield of 5.75%, an average rating of double A -, and an average life of 24 years, taking advantage of opportunities in the municipal sector to obtain higher yield as well as higher quality. We also invested $39 million in commercial mortgage loans and limited partnerships that have debt-like characteristics. These investments are expected to produce additional yield and are in line with our conservative investment philosophy. For the entire fixed maturity portfolio, the second quarter yield was 5.18%, up 2 basis points from the second quarter of 2022, and flat from the first quarter. As of June 30th, the portfolio yield was 5.21%. Now, regarding the investment portfolio. Invested assets are $20.3 billion, including $18.6 billion of fixed maturities at amortized cost. Of the fixed maturities, $18.1 billion are investment grade with an average rating of A -. Overall, the total portfolio is rated A -, same as a year ago. As a reminder, we have information on our website regarding our banking and commercial mortgage loan investments. As we mentioned previously, during our first quarter earnings call, we took a $30 million after-tax provision for credit loss early in the second quarter as a result of the default of First Republic Bank. Our fixed maturity investment portfolio has a net unrealized loss position of approximately $1.6 billion due to current market rates being higher than the book yield on our holdings. As we have historically noted, we are not concerned by the unrealized loss position, as it is primarily interest rate driven. We have the intent, and more importantly, the ability to hold our investments to maturity. Bonds rated triple B are 49% of the fixed maturity portfolio, compared to 53% from the year ago quarter. This is the lowest this ratio has been in over 10 years. While this ratio is in line with the overall bond market, it is high relative to our peers. However, keep in mind that we have little or no exposure to higher-risk assets such as derivatives, common equities, residential mortgages, CLOs, and other asset-backed securities. Additionally, unlike many other insurance companies, we do not have any exposure to direct real estate equity investments or private equities. We believe that the triple B securities that we acquire provide the best risk-adjusted, capital-adjusted returns, due in part to our ability to hold securities to maturity, regardless of fluctuations in interest rates or equity markets. Low investment-grade bonds are $496 million, compared to $585 million a year ago. The percentage of the low investment-grade bonds to fixed maturities is 2.7%. This is as low as this ratio has been in more than 20 years. In addition, the low investment grade bonds, plus bonds rated BBB, are 52% of fixed maturities, the lowest ratio it has been in over 15 years. Overall, we believe we are well positioned not only to withstand a market downturn, but also to be opportunistic and purchase higher-yielding securities in such a scenario. Because we primarily invest long, a key criterion utilized in our investment process is that an issuer must have the ability to survive multiple cycles. We have performed stress tests under multiple scenarios on both our fixed maturity portfolio and our commercial mortgages held directly and through limited partnerships. Tom will address the potential capital implications of these stress tests in his comments. At the midpoint of our guidance, for the full year, we expect to invest approximately $1.1 billion in fixed maturities at an average yield of 5.7%, and approximately $325 million in commercial mortgage loans and limited partnership investments with debt-like characteristics at an average yield of 7.5%-8.5%. As we've said before, we are pleased to see higher interest rates, as this has a positive impact on operating income by driving up net investment income with no impact to our future policy benefits, since they are not interest sensitive. Now, I will turn the call over to Tom for his comments on capital and liquidity. Thanks, Frank. First, I want to spend a few minutes discussing our share repurchase program, available liquidity, and capital position. The parent began the year with liquid assets of $91 million, and ended the second quarter with liquid assets of approximately $74 million. In the second quarter, the company repurchased approximately 780,000 shares of Globe Life Inc common stock, for a total cost of $84 million. The average share price for these repurchases was $107.26. To date, in the third quarter, we've purchased 133,000 shares for a total cost of $15 million at an average share price of $111.01, resulting in repurchases year to date of 2.1 million shares for a total cost of $234 million at an average share price of $111.88. In addition to the liquid assets held by the parent, the parent company generated excess cash flows during the second quarter and will continue to do so through the second half of 2023. The parent company's excess cash flow, as we define it, primarily results from dividends received by the parent from its subsidiaries, less the interest paid on debt. We anticipate the parent company's excess cash flow for the full year will be approximately $420 million-$440 million, will be available to return to its shareholders in the form of dividends through share repurchases. As noted in previous calls, this amount is higher than 2022. As previously noted, we had approximately $74 million of liquid assets at the end of the quarter, as compared to the $50 million-$60 million of liquid assets we have historically targeted. In addition to the $74 million of liquid assets, we expect to generate $140 million-$160 million of excess cash flows for the second half of 2023, providing us with approximately $200 million-$220 million of assets available to the parent for the remainder of 2023, and this is after taking into consideration the approximately $15 million of share repurchases to date in the 3rd quarter. We anticipate distributing approximately $40 million-$45 million to our shareholders in the form of dividend payments for the remainder of 2023. As noted in previous calls, we will use our cash as efficiently as possible. We still believe that share repurchases provide the best return or yield to our shareholders over other available alternatives. We anticipate share repurchases will continue to be the primary use of parent excess cash flows after the payment of shareholder dividends. It should be noted that cash received by the parent company from our insurance operations is after our subsidiaries have made substantial investments during the year to generate new sales, expand our information technology and other operational capabilities, as well as to acquire new long-duration assets to fund future cash needs. The remaining amount is sufficient to support the targeted capital levels within our insurance operations and maintain the share repurchase program in 2023. In our earnings guidance, we anticipate between $370 million and $390 million of share repurchases will occur during the year. With regard to capital levels at our insurance subsidiaries, our goal is to maintain our capital levels necessary to support our current ratings. Globe Life targets a consolidated company action level RBC ratio in the range of 300%-320%. At the end of 2022, our consolidated RBC ratio was 321%. At this RBC ratio, our subsidiaries had, at that time, approximately $125 million of capital over the amount required to meet the low end of our consolidated RBC target of 300%. When adjusted for credit losses on fixed maturities incurred in the first half of the year, the RBC ratio is reduced slightly below the midpoint of our targeted RBC range of 300%-320%. We are well-positioned to address any additional capital needed by our insurance subsidiaries due to potential downgrades and additional defaults that may occur due to the recession or other economic factors. As Frank mentioned, we routinely perform stress tests on our investment portfolio under multiple scenarios. Under these stress tests, we anticipate various levels of downgrades and defaults in our fixed maturity portfolio, and include a provision for losses in our CML portfolio that reflect loss ratios in excess of those of the Federal Reserve's severely adverse scenario. Under our scenarios, we do not anticipate that all of the downgrades, defaults, and losses in our investment portfolios would occur in 2023, but rather anticipate they would emerge over an extended period of time, which could be as long as 24 months. Even if these losses under our internal stresses occur before the end of the year, we estimate only $25 million-$50 million of additional capital would be needed to maintain the low end of our consolidated RBC target of 300%. The parent company has sufficient resources of liquidity to fund this capital if it is needed to maintain our consolidated RBC ratio within our target range, while continuing our dividends and share repurchase program as planned. With regards to policy obligations in the second quarter, as we've discussed on prior calls, we have included the historical operating summary results under LDTI for each of the quarters in 2022 within the supplemental financial information available on our website. In the third quarter of 2022, we updated both our life and health assumptions, lapse, mortality, and morbidity. The life assumptions updates reflected our current estimates of continued excess mortality, particularly in the near term. For the second quarter, life obligations were slightly favorable when compared to our assumptions of mortality and persistency. This resulted in a life remeasurement gain for the quarter. The supplemental financial information available on our website provides an exhibit which shows the remeasurement gain or loss by distribution channel. The remeasurement gain or loss shows the current period fluctuations and experience from those expected, and the impact of assumption changes, if any, which are allocated to the current quarter and past periods. In the absence of assumption changes, the remeasurement gain or loss is indicative of experience fluctuations. The remeasurement gain for the life segment resulted in $24 million lower life policy obligations and $2.6 million lower health policy obligations. $2.4 million. Sorry. $2.4 million lower life policy obligations and $2.6 million lower health policy obligations on slightly lower claims than anticipated. In the second quarter, we had no changes to long-term assumptions. We are currently in the process of finalizing our review of long-term assumptions, will make updates if needed in the third quarter. We do not expect these updates to be significant overall. Finally, with respect to our earnings guidance for 2023, we are projecting Net operating income per share will be in the range of $10.37-$10.57 per diluted common share for the year ending December 31st, 2023. The $10.47 midpoint of our guidance is higher than what we had indicated last quarter, is largely due to higher investment income from our commercial mortgage loans and limited partnership investments. For the full year of 2023, we anticipate life underwriting margins to be in the range of 37%-39%, slightly higher than the 2022 life underwriting margin percent when restated for the full year. Life underwriting margins, health underwriting margins to be in the range of 28%-30%. The life and health anticipated underwriting margins are unchanged from last quarter's guidance. We believe the year-to-date obligation ratios are indicative of emerging policy obligations over the remainder of the year. As previously noted, we'll be reviewing assumptions and anticipate making updates next quarter. Again, we do not expect these updates to be significant overall. Total acquisition costs in the second quarter as a percent of premium are 21%, including both amortization and non-deferred acquisition costs and commissions. We expect the full year to be consistent with this 21%. Those are my comments. I will now turn it over to Matt. Thank you, Tom. Those are our comments. We will now open the call up for questions. Thank you. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. To withdraw your question from the queue, please press star two. Again, please press star one to ask a question over the phone. We'll take the first question from Wes Carmichael from Wells Fargo. Hey, good morning or good afternoon. I had a clarification question on your comments on the investment portfolio. In the fixed maturity portfolio, I think the allowance for credit losses went up about $40 million in the quarter. Is that related to the losses on First Republic? I just want to make sure that that's not being driven by something else. Yeah, no, that's exactly what that is. That was about, on a gross basis, about $39.6 million was the loss, on First Republic. Got it. Thanks. Just to follow up, do you have any updated plans regarding issuing new long-term senior debt to pay off the term loan for April? Just wondering what you're thinking, kind of, in terms of size of new debt issuance? Yeah, we'd actually consider doing that. Our thoughts right now are to consider doing that in 2024. I think, Wes, when we do take a look at that, clearly we have the term loan out there for the $170, and we'll have to consider, you know, what the size of that might be. We'll, you know, we'll definitely consider whether that needs to be a $300 million issue or, or something larger, just, you know, make it index eligible. We'll see what kind of the needs are at that point in time. Great. Thanks. The next question comes from Jimmy Bhullar from JP Morgan. Hi, I had a question first on the direct channel. I guess your comments on sales for the agency channels are fairly optimistic given the growth in the agent count. In the direct channel, should we assume that as long as inflation's high, that sales are going to be weak? Because I think you've cited sort of reduced marketing spending and also just lower disposable income in a high inflationary environment as reasons why sales have been weak there. On the direct-to-consumer channel, it is subject to inflationary pressures, particularly on the marketing and distribution side. As we've noted in the past, and we continue to note, the reduction in our, I'll call it, traditional channels from a mail and print media perspective. We are continuing to reduce that circulation based upon the cost that we're incurring to market in that channel, and that is being offset by growth in our digital channel. As I've noted in the comments, our growth in the digital channel is up 4%, we've got a couple of competing factors going on there. That is really, we're focused on just making sure that we maintain our target margins in that distribution. To the extent that certain marketing campaigns, particularly on the print side, don't meet those profit objectives, then we are scaling back in that area. I would say, just to add on to that, related to just inflationary pressure from a consumer perspective, the sales are actually up on a per policy basis, so the premium per policy is actually. We're really not seeing a deterioration from a consumer demand perspective related to inflationary pressure. It's really on the marketing side. Okay. You saw a significant increase in the agent count across all of your channels. I would have assumed that with the sort of tight labor market, it would be a tougher recruiting environment, because you had an easy time recruiting when things were bad. What's really driving that, and what's your outlook if conditions remain the way they are for the next year? What's really driving that is just some things that we've put in place, really focused on growing our middle management count, putting more tools in the hands of our agent managers and agency owners to be able to get better line of sight into activity. There's just been a strong growth as we've grown that middle management count, who are responsible in many ways for that new agent recruiting, onboarding, and training. The growth is, as you've noted, is we're very pleased with that in all three channels and think that will continue. Don't really see headwinds at this point. Depends on which economist you believe, but it looks like there's predictions for the labor market potentially cooling a little bit. If that's the case, that's generally been an additional tailwind for us in the recruiting area. We're very pleased with the things that we've put in place, and believe that, the growth is driven more by our activity than the overall economic or market. You know, I think indicative of that is if you look at, you know, just some of the industry trends from an agent count growth, and we believe we're outpacing that. We're very pleased with the results that we're getting. You know, Jimmy, just one thing I'd add on to that really quick is just to remember, you know, that we recruit to a new opportunity, a better opportunity. You know, we've never really been, you know, one that's trying to take advantage of those in the unemployment markets and, that type of a thing. And, you know, while loosening of the labor market might be, you know, a little bit of a tailwind. We're able to recruit in all markets because, again, we're really recruiting to a better opportunity, and there's still plenty of folks out there looking for a better opportunity. Yeah. One thing I would add to that is some of the feedback that we're hearing from the field is one of the dynamics that is going on out there is the return to work from an office perspective. Our opportunity is a flexible opportunity. It's much more entrepreneurial in nature, and we seem to be attracting additional individuals that are looking for that ability to manage their own schedule and have an opportunistic approach to grow their income in an entrepreneurial manner. I think that's a dynamic that's going on out there that's more influential of our particular experience than really the labor market, or that being tight. Okay. Just lastly, on you've had elevated investment losses through the first couple of quarters. Should we assume that there's going to be a commensurate impact of that on free cash flow next year? Are there any offsets where that income won't be impacted to the same extent as yet? Yeah, it's a little early right now for us to give clear guidance on what we believe excess cash flow to be next year. Just as, as we think about it, we think it'd be kind of in a similar range of where excess cash flow was this year, just given some of those realized losses. Okay. Thank you. The next question comes from John Barnidge from Piper Sandler. Please go ahead. Thank you very much for the opportunity. Given the cost of direct mailings and less effectiveness, along with electronic sales growing, are there newer DTC distribution channels or methods that really haven't been pursued previously that are now being pursued more with more gusto? Well, I would say that we're always looking for additional channels. You know, there are a lot of opportunities on the electronic media side, different methods of distribution from an online perspective, and that's supported by our agent call center. We're always looking at new and different platforms, and there's a lot of testing that goes on in that area as we test into it. As you can see, as I've mentioned, 70% + of our sales these days are from an electronic source, and you just go back, very few years ago, it was about 50%. We're definitely growing that piece as we continue to scale back on the traditional print media side. There, you know, to the extent that we are getting profitable sales in the print media side, we'll continue to do that, but obviously, the growth, engine is going to be more on the electronic side. Great. Thank you. My follow-up question: oftentimes, I believe competition for a Globe Life sale can often be discretionary income. How do you think through student loan payments restarting, potentially impacting demand for products? Thank you. Sure. really what we look at is just kind of, as you'd mentioned, the, the share of the wallet. obviously, that, from a macro perspective, is going to have potentially some impact to tightening of that. I don't see that impacting our particular demographic too much. What we're continue to see, is an increase in all of our distribution channels, including our direct-to-consumer channel, which is generally a lower-income demographic. Our sale, a premium per sale is still going up. As a reminder, we charge, the policies, have a low premium per month, perspective, so it's not a big share of the wallet that we're talking about. In our DTC channel, it may be $20 or $40 a month as, as an example. Really, I don't think that's going to have too much of an impact on our particular segment of the market as we think about our future sales. Thank you. The next question is from Erik Bass, from Autonomous Research. Hi. Thank you. Some of the health insurers have talked about seeing increased benefit utilization as more seniors are undergoing elective procedures that were put off, either due to the pandemic or a lack of capacity. I'm curious if that's something that you're seeing in your med supp block at all? Yeah. Thank you. We did see UnitedHealthcare reported that. They have a large block of Medicare Advantage coverage. I wouldn't necessarily expect those trends to carry over to our Medicare Supplement business. You know, we are seeing a little bit higher than anticipated health cost trends in our Medicare Supplement business that are impacting margins slightly. The good thing is the seasonality that we saw in the first quarter has subsided a bit. Also, where we have seen some increased utilization has really been isolated to our group retiree health business, so more on the group side than on the individual side. You know, if that, you know, does occur or continues to occur, those higher cost trends, we take into account in setting our renewal rates for 2024. We'd fully expect to be able to offset any of those in the future. Got it. Is there something different between a Medicare Advantage block and Med Sup that would account for why you wouldn't expect to see the same thing or just differences in your client base, or? Yeah. Medicare Advantage is covering kind of the full medical costs, where Medicare Supplements a different clientele, but also we're covering more of the deductibles and items above what Medicare would not cover. Got it. Thank you. Then maybe if we could pivot to talking a little bit more about mortality experience, or it sounds like it was a little bit favorable to your assumptions this quarter. Is that a change at all in terms of what you're seeing in terms of the level of excess population mortality starting to normalize or anything else? I guess just any color you have there. You're right. We did see mortality slightly favorable from our expectations and our assumptions. You can see that coming through the remeasurement gain on the life business. What I'd say is we've seen improvement in excess deaths, however, we're still seeing some elevated excess deaths from what we did experience in 2019. It is getting better, but it still seems a little bit elevated for some particular causes. You know, particularly health and heart and circulatory causes and cancer are lower than where 2021 and 2022 were, which is a really good sign because those are some of the bigger causes of death. I want to say that last quarter, you know, it's nice to see COVID deaths in the U.S. decline, and we're probably seeing some benefit from those declines in COVID deaths as well. Got it. Thank you. It's basically you were more conservative in your assumptions, so there's still some level of excess mortality within the population, but just less than you had assumed. Yeah, we're definitely seeing some continued excess mortality. We probably expect that to continue for, you know, at least for the remainder of this year and probably into the next couple of years. Our current experience is a little bit less than our anticipated elevated amount. Yeah. Exactly, Matt. Perfect. Thank you very much. Next question is from Maxwell Fritscher, from Truist Securities. Hi, good afternoon. I'm calling in today for Mark Hughes. I was wondering if you could provide some color on the driver of the growth in life sales for Liberty National. Was this just a function of agent growth? It's primarily a function of agent growth. We've had significant double-digit, agent growth. Our growth in the agent count for Liberty really started accelerating in 2022, in the latter half. As that agent count is a leading indicator, as those new agents come on board, become more productive. As those agents get onboarded and get more experienced, then it drives the sales. We have a little bit of, agent productivity gains as just the amount of, premium that we're selling on a per agent basis. A vast majority of it's really just coming from that agent count increase. Okay, thank you. You mentioned this, but I must have missed it. What was the driver of excess investment income growth? Was this just higher yields in the quarter? Yeah, it's really predominantly the increases in the short-term rates, which are really hitting, you know, our floating rates impacting our commercial mortgage loans, as well as the commercial mortgage loan that are in our limited partnership investments. You know, about two-thirds of our limited partnerships are in commercial mortgage loans as well. We're seeing increases in those rates, as well as a little bit on the short-term investments that we have. It's not as significant, but overall we just saw very good growth in our net investment income, and the income grew at, you know, at a faster pace than the invested assets. When you think of the excess investment income, you know, it's, you take required interest into account. You had net investment income is growing at a faster rate than our net investment income. We ended up with a good increase in the excess investment income. Great. Thank you. Next question is from Tom Gallagher, from Evercore ISI. Good morning. Sorry. Good afternoon. Just had a follow-up question on the excess mortality to make sure I'm understanding the way this is going to flow through accounting, the new accounting. If I remember correctly, the total COVID and non-COVID excess plan for 2023 was around $45 million a year. Let's call that a little over a $10 million quarterly drag. Is it as simple as just taking that remeasurement gain of $2.4 million and deducting that from the $11 million-ish quarterly drag you would expect from excess, and then you end up with $8 million or $9 million for this quarter would be the elevated, still elevated, ongoing COVID? Is that, does that make sense to you? Like or, or is there some element of smoothing that's going on with the new accounting that doesn't make that exactly comparable? Yeah, there's definitely an element of smoothing, it's not as kind of easy as you had indicated. You know, I think the, again, the remeasurement gains are reflecting fluctuations from our underlying assumptions. The life business is performing better than those assumptions. What I'd say about our excess mortality assumptions is, yeah, they're consistent with kind of that overall excess mortality that we talked about, the $45 million, we also expect that to kind of wear off over time. That's kind of underlying those assumptions as well. It's difficult to kind of pinpoint exactly how that will come through. What I would say is when we see fluctuations, if we had, it's generally in the current year, we see probably about a quarter of that come through into the current quarter results. The other thing to remember is we are gonna look at updating our assumptions, again, coming up in this third quarter. We don't expect them to have a significant impact, but we will kind of be revisiting, our excess mortality assumption going forward as well. Yeah, I think just one thing I'd to add to that, just as an example, and what Tom was saying is, you know, if you had $45 million and it turned out to be, you know, $35 million of excess, that you actually kind of incurred the way that this new LDTI impacts that. As Tom said, you know, roughly a quarter of that, we'd probably only see it, you know, roughly at, you know, $2 million-$2.5 million of that actually flow through and, you know, actually hit current year earnings. it is spread out, if you will. The expectation for those under the new accounting got spread out over a whole bunch of years, and the impact on, on the current year is much less. Yeah. That's really helpful. I'm sorry, just to follow up, just so I'm clear on this, the $2.4 million remeasurement gain, if it was on the old GAAP, that would have been a bigger favor. We'll call it favorable impact on the quarter by, you know, that would have been larger by 3x or something like that. Yeah, correct. It would have been larger. Yep. All right. That's helpful. That's all I had. Thanks. As a reminder, to ask a question, please press star one. The next question comes from Suneet Kamath, from Jefferies. Yeah. Hi. I don't know if you disclosed this or talked about it in your prepared remarks, but do you have the year-to-date statutory operating income and statutory net income? We don't have those yet. We're finalizing the second quarter statutory results right now, so not at this time. Okay. Then the comment about the capital under your stress test, I think you'd said $25 million-$50 million. Is that comparable to the $30 million-$55 million that you guys talked about last quarter, or was that a different calculation? No, very comparable. Yep, similar. it actually got better sequentially? Yeah, just slightly. Yep. Got it. Okay. The only other one I had is, again, I don't know if this is gonna affect you, but obviously over the past couple of weeks, you know, we've learned about the FDA approving some of these new Alzheimer's drug. You know, whether or not Medicare is gonna cover that, I think is still an open issue. Is that something that ultimately could affect you guys, or is it not that material for you? I t depends on whether it's covered by Medicare or not. Medicare covers drugs administered in office, and these are drugs that are currently administered in the office. We did anticipate some of that coming through in our Medicare supplement rates. It actually will be one of those considerations as we look for rate increases for 2024 and medical expense trend is we'll incorporate estimates for what we think that will run. I think that I was gonna add to that. I think part of it, too, is just understanding what utilization may look like in the future. There's a lot of risks that are currently disclosed related to those drugs as well. As Tom said, we can price for that based upon what ultimate utilization may look like. Yeah. What we, you know, as we thought about our 23 rates that are in effect right now, we've actually, like I said, contemplated some of that. We think those costs are pretty much in line with what we would expect. Got it. Okay. Thanks. There are no further questions, I will hand the call back over to your host for any closing remarks. All right. Thank you for joining us this morning. Those are our comments, and we will talk to you again next quarter. Thank you. That will conclude today's conference call. Thank you for your participation, ladies and gentlemen, you may now disconnect.