Good morning, and welcome to Galaxy Digital's First Quarter 2023 Earnings Call. Today's call is being recorded. If you require operator assistance, please press star then zero. At this time, I would like to turn the conference over to Elsa Ballard, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead. Good morning, welcome to Galaxy's first quarter earnings call. Before we begin, please note that our remarks today may include forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated or implied by our forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those identified in our filings with the Canadian Securities Regulatory Authority on SEDAR, and available on our website or in future filings we make with other securities regulators. Forward-looking statements speak only as of today and will not be updated. In addition, none of the information on this call constitutes a recommendation, solicitation, or offer by Galaxy or its affiliates to buy or sell any securities, including Galaxy Securities. With that, I'll turn it over to Mike Novogratz, Founder and CEO of Galaxy. Guys, good morning. If you're not in New York, it's a beautiful, sunny morning here. Listen, it's nice to show up with a good first quarter earnings. I'm gonna let Chris Ferraro and Alex spend most of their time taking that victory lap and really going into how each business is doing. I'm gonna give more of a high level view, which is gonna be more nuanced. You know, the good, the bad, and how I'm thinking about this whole business. Listen, at the beginning of the year, I said to the firm and I said to you guys on the last conference call that 2023 would be a year where we had to chase down loose balls, where we would need to be scrappy, where we would need to hustle our way to a decent year, while the entire time we were building and building for what we think is a really exciting future. That view hasn't changed a bit. There have been some good developments in crypto, right? Bitcoin was the single best performing asset on a risk-adjusted basis in the world in the first quarter, right? 65%, 70% up. That came from a lot of different reasons. The market had been too pessimistic. Perception that the Fed was getting close to the end of the hiking cycle. A banking crisis in the United States, all reinforcing why people cared about crypto. That's the good. I think you're gonna continue to see macro developments around hard assets like Bitcoin be a positive. When I think about my confidence in the future of Bitcoin and the future of crypto, it hasn't waned. I think about stablecoins. Last year, $7 trillion of settlements on stablecoins. That's bigger than Visa and Mastercard. We don't use a lot of stablecoins here in the United States, but travel abroad, when you look at places that are unbanked, stablecoins are a very important part of their ecosystems. We do think both in Europe with the recent regulation, and at one point in the U.S., stablecoins are gonna be more and more important. Think about it in a really simple way. If you get to a point where you have a stablecoin that pays interest and you give everyone just a crypto wallet, you really have solved the unbanked crisis, right? Everybody has banking. That's a future that's so intuitive, it's gonna happen. Is it gonna happen next week? No, we're building to that future. When I keep thinking about this business and what I keep trying to drive our firm to is, what's the world gonna look like in 2024, 2025 and 2026? You know, when I think of that, I'm really optimistic. When I look at the short term, we still have a regulatory headache in the United States. I don't see that breaking anytime soon, and that we still have a hangover as well from the lack of trust or the denting of trust that FTX and other, you know, bad actors in the space created. Allocator adoption is slower than we'd like, right? We're not seeing the big institutions come in writing big checks into crypto. They're all still doing their homework. They're all still following it, that is slower and I expect it to continue to be slower. What I'll call infrastructure adoption is picking up, right? Chris is gonna talk about the partnership we just launched with DWS. DWS is a trillion-dollar asset manager in Europe. Their CEO is really geared up to making crypto part of their offering, and for us, that's wildly exciting. And so in some ways, it's this tale of two cities. It's great news on a medium-term basis, but it's going to be tough sledding in the short run. What does that mean for us? It means coming to work early, staying late, hustling, and mostly, I think our earnings this year are going to be driven by our trading business. You know, all our businesses are doing well and building, but in a year where we're mostly investing in our, you know, Galaxy Prime offering, that's not going to show revenue till the end of this year or the beginning of next year. So it's going to be the trading business that most likely carries us this year. You know, we've just brought in a new group of traders in Hong Kong. We're really excited about that. We do think this is a global business, and our intention is to continue to grow outside of the U.S. at a much quicker pace than we're growing in the United States. Most of that is regulatory, but a lot of it's also opportunity, right? The Asian markets take to crypto. There's quick adoption there. Now we're seeing more and more in the Middle East and Europe. You know, I frame it together, like I said, we're driving ourselves to a 2024, 2025 build, and we're investing for that future. We have been good enough, lucky enough to have a balance sheet that allows us to invest. When I look at Galaxy's headcount, we have more people today than we did a year ago. That's, you know, with acquisitions like GK8 and Helios, the mining operation down in Texas. We're significantly bigger than we were, where most crypto companies and most of our peers are a lot smaller. We've certainly tightened our belt and cut costs, we've got a bigger footprint with a very similar or even lower, you know, cash burn or cash expense. That's being funded by, you know, positive operations and good trading. We still have $1.6 billion worth of partners' equity and a good liquidity position. We feel like, you know, we can grow with our own balance sheet and with our own profits. You know, that's pretty much how this is gonna be. I wish I could come and bang the table and say there's this giant tailwind that's gonna lift all crypto boats. I think, you know, we're pretty sober in our outlook, in the short run, but we're pretty optimistic in the long run. With that, I'm gonna, I'm gonna turn it to Chris to talk, you know, about the first quarter. I said he's got the fun job because we really feel like we had a great first quarter and the firm all worked hard and the results show for that. Thanks, Mike. I apologize in advance. I'm a little under the weather, so everyone bear with me today. As Mike noted in his remarks, we're relentlessly focused on our three strategic priorities to drive growth in the business: building and launching GalaxyOne, scaling the asset management business, and integrating and scaling our recent acquisitions. We're really excited to share that we made substantial progress in executing on these priorities in Q1. On the last earnings call, we provided an update on the development of GalaxyOne and the steps we are taking to establish the product as the leading institutional-grade digital asset services platform. We're excited to share that in the first quarter we made strong progress towards our MVP launch. We've completed over 30 demos with key target institutional customers, and feedback has been overwhelmingly positive, with the majority of these prospective clients requesting documentation to onboard. We continue to add new jurisdictions and can now operate GalaxyOne in 35 states in the U.S. and eight key international countries, and are actively pursuing additional regulatory licenses as needed. We are developing our automated margin trading offering, which will supplement our already sizable and active trade financing business that we do today, which we intend to launch in a measured way over time with a keen focus on risk management and proper controls. As we build and prepare for the launch of GalaxyOne, client onboarding in our existing trading business continues to trend positively, with more than 30 new counterparties having onboarded to the desk in the first quarter. More broadly in our global markets business, on the back of a record year for our investment banking team, we advised Pantera, a leading blockchain asset management firm, on the sale of its stake in European digital asset exchange Bitstamp to Ripple Labs in Q1. Executing on a deal of this complexity post FTX reinforces our position as a leading investment bank for digital assets with unparalleled sector knowledge and execution acumen. The investment banking team's pipeline remains strong with 12 active mandates being pursued right now by the team. We're excited to continue to update you on the progress here in this business. Galaxy Asset Management. In terms of our asset management business, we've had a very active start to the year. Consistent with Galaxy's business resegmentation, we've also simplified our asset management architecture to orient around three key strategies: passive, active, and venture. As we noted on the last earnings call, within our passive sleeve, we are keenly focused on leveraging a regional partnership model to expand our product reach. In line with this commitment, we recently announced a partnership with DWS to develop digital asset management exchange-traded products in Europe. DWS is nearly a $1 trillion asset manager, the third largest ETF provider in Europe, and has more than 60 years of investment management expertise. Our partnership represents the coming together of two leaders in our respective sectors and is a significant step forward in the institutionalization of digital asset markets. Galaxy Asset Management now has a presence in the top five crypto exchange traded product markets globally through partnerships with leading trusted regional asset managers that include DWS in Europe, CI Global Asset Management in Canada, and Itaú in Brazil. Don't forget, we also have a partnership with Invesco in the U.S., the largest non-crypto ETF market in the world, but continue to await our regulatory approval of such an investment vehicle. Within our active sleeve, our Liquid Alpha Fund is coming up on its one-year track record and has generated more than 550 basis points of alpha net of fees for our onshore Class A investors relative to Bitcoin from inception through April of this year. We are continuing to explore new liquid active risk managed strategies, both quantitative and fundamental, as we look to build out our actively managed product suite. Finally, on the venture side, we successfully completed the migration of our venture investing team into our asset manager, which includes $343 million of previously reported balance sheet investments that are now captured as AUM. Our unified venture platform now consists of our Interactive venture franchise, our venture fund of funds business, and these newly migrated crypto venture investments, which collectively now represent $1.4 billion in venture assets under management. Galaxy's central positioning in the digital asset ecosystem provides an unparalleled sourcing funnel and a differentiated ability to underwrite individual portfolio companies and correctly price portfolios. Our team has made more than 300 direct venture investments and 35 venture fund commitments over the past five-plus years. No other investment manager in the world with expertise in crypto has this access, expertise, and vantage point. Finally, our Galaxy Digital Infrastructure Solutions group, our third operating business, is continuing to gain momentum following our acquisitions of Helios and GK8. Let's start with mining. We've already reached approximately three exahash of hash rate under management across our proprietary mining and hosting footprint, doubling where we were at the end of Q4 and putting us ahead of schedule in achieving our goal of four exahash by the end of the year. Our current hash rate under management represents roughly 1% of the total Bitcoin network hash rate, even with the continued rise of hash rate over the same timeframe. As a reminder, our proprietary mining operations represent approximately 30% of our hash rate under management, and our hosted mining business represents the other 70%. At Helios, our flagship mining site, we have been focused on retrofitting and stabilizing the asset, laying the groundwork to allow us to achieve our long-term plans to scale the facility well beyond its current capabilities. We executed the first quarter with precision and feel really good about our operational upgrades leading into the summer months. Our team is now focused on expanding the existing data center to roughly 220 MW of operating mining capacity, which will require an investment of approximately $20 million-$25 million, and which we expect to achieve by early next year. I'm also very excited to share that just last week, we received approval from ERCOT and the Western Electricity Coordinating Council, WECC, to scale up to 800 MW at the Helios site over the coming years, which is approximately 4x our current electricity access. We are in the very early stages of planning this expansion, including evaluating various financing options. With respect to our smaller mining facility in Diboll, Texas, half of that site is currently energized and operating, and we are on track to bring the full 60 MW online by the end of the second quarter. We continue to actively manage our power cost exposure, and since our previous earnings have increased our hedge position, keeping our effective cost of power extremely competitive and our marginal cost to mine low. In addition to mining, we're also operating and providing other services at the blockchain infrastructure layer. This includes running validator nodes for proof of stake consensus mechanisms and providing self-custodial technology solutions via GK8. We're excited to announce that since the close of the GK8 acquisition in February of this year, GK8 has won four new clients already to reach 11 total clients, including Galaxy, and has also seen a significant increase in its pipeline of potential enterprise clients. GK8's technology will accelerate Galaxy's product innovation and development, including the ongoing build-out of our GalaxyOne offering. There is a huge opportunity for Galaxy to build and invest in technology that powers the digital assets ecosystem, I'm incredibly bullish on the long-term growth of our Digital Infrastructure Solutions business. I'll now turn the call over to Alex to cover financial results, then we'll jump into questions. Thank you, Chris. Good morning. We had a strong quarter. Galaxy reported net income of $134 million in this quarter, compared to a net loss of $288 million for the prior quarter. On a comparative basis, the preliminary first quarter results we provided on our last call, based on the information through March 24th, for the full quarter before taxes and non-cash equity compensation, we earned $163 million, compared to our estimate of $150 million. Most of the beat was driven by strong last week of the first quarter. Correspondingly, our equity was $1.6 billion at the end of this quarter, an increase of $158 million from year-end. We ended the quarter with total liquidity of $814 million, consisting of $400 million in cash and equivalents, $209 million of non-algorithmic stablecoins, predominantly USDC issued by Circle, and $205 million of net digital assets excluding stablecoins. Our combined cash and stablecoin balances were down by $214 million from year-end, primarily due to a larger amount of outstanding, fully collateralized fiat loans to our customers, GK8 acquisition, and investments. In this quarter, we continued to navigate discombobulation in commercial banking without issues. Now, I would like to highlight changes we made to our reporting segments. To better reflect developments in our business from organic initiatives and from acquisitions, we adjusted our financial reporting into three complementary operating businesses: Galaxy Global Markets, Galaxy Asset Management, and Galaxy Digital Infrastructure Solutions. Galaxy Global Markets, with a little bit of background music, consists of trading and investment banking, which were standalone businesses prior to this quarter. Galaxy Asset Management consists of passive, active, and venture investment strategies and now includes select venture investments that were historically reported as principal investments. Galaxy Digital Infrastructure Solutions consists of our proprietary and hosted Bitcoin mining services. The newly acquired GK8 technology and self-custody capabilities and validator services. These segments have been reported in our financials starting with the first quarter. For additional detail on resegmentation, please see management's discussion and analysis for this quarter. Now back to the operator for questions. Thank you. We will now begin the Q&A session. To ask a question, you may press Star then one on your touchtone phone. If you're using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. If at any time your question has been addressed and you would like to withdraw your question, please press Star then two. At this time, we will pause momentarily to assemble our roster. The first question comes from Deepak Kaushal with BMO Capital Markets. Please go ahead. Hi. Good morning, everyone. Thanks for taking my question. Mike, Chris, Alex, just a question on the DWS opportunity in Europe. You know, with MiCA getting ratified, do you have a full regulatory green light in Europe to launch? Maybe you can just discuss some of the milestones that we should expect in terms of the partnership and how it should progress before, you know, AUM starts to ramp up. Yep. Hey, Deepak Kaushal. How's it going? Thanks for joining. Thanks for the question. Short answer is yes, we have full regulatory green light to proceed. We're gonna be launching the product throughout Europe in the markets that represent over 70% of basically all exchange traded products ex-U.S. in the world. We're gonna launch in geographies that actually already have a fairly rich offering of different forms or structures of crypto ETP products in the market today. You know, unlike the U.S. where we're waiting for an indefinite time period for some approval to actually launch the product, there's a small but already approved and fairly robust marketplace. We just intend to do it better and bigger together with DWS. In terms of product roadmap, yeah, you know, we've inked the partnership together with them. That was the first step. In parallel, we've been, you know, along with that comes with a base product suite that we think addresses needs in the market that in the various markets in Europe that aren't being addressed yet today. We intend to launch those products towards the back end of the year. In first, we're both working with DWS to line up global service providers to support the products and set up the platform to actually be able to launch them. You'll likely see as we get into the back half of the year, announcements from us, some marketing globally about it, and ultimately a launch of the products towards the back half of the year. If I could ask a follow-up. I understand the DWS partnership in Europe is exclusive, so you won't be doing anything else with anyone else in Europe. How do you think about organic growth versus inorganic opportunities? Is this purely, you know, market share gain, you know, obviously in an expanding market? Are there opportunities for consolidation in the ETP space in digital assets? I'll leave it at that. Yeah. I'll take a quick crack at it. First, I think it is an exclusive partnership in the region for those products. We've had the privilege of being in a seat where we are able to look at all the different opportunities out there globally in terms of potential platforms coming up for sale, potential investments. Going this route where we are actually partnering with a global institution, helping develop and launch the product, manage it, and ultimately own a partner share of the economics on a go-forward basis is what we felt was by far the highest returning and strategy for us rather than inorganically going out and buying existing products. Also because some of the existing products in the market, you know, we don't feel like are set up and structured to scale the right way for the future as global adoption really starts to hit pace. They are out there. We don't currently have any plans to do anything large inorganic on the global ETP front. We think the right strategy is organically build and partner with institutions who have brand and can help us on the distribution front, particularly internationally. Okay. Thanks for that. I'll leave it at that and pass along. The next question comes from Chase White with Compass Point Research & Trading. Please go ahead. Thanks. Good morning, guys. Any color that you guys can provide on the PPA that you guys have at Helios, and what kind of the power strategy is for that facility? Sure. probably not specifically on the exact terms of the PPA, but in general, our. The reason why we were so attracted to the Helios site was its location in ERCOT West, and our view of that power market over the long term and where price would be on average over the long term, with the goal of being able to access consistently low-cost power. Which is sort of the cornerstone of operating a good Bitcoin mining operation. We have to date generally aim to hedge out the vast majority of our electricity needs with fixed price contracts. That actually has been a big benefit to the site, which the site was unable to access before our stewardship with it. Our balance sheet has allowed us to actually do that, which we think created value on day one for the Helios site, which currently it wasn't unlocking prior to that. Yeah. We're gonna take it bit by bit, we're watching the electricity markets. But the goal for us is to really have a low, stable input cost of electricity so that we can operate the business as efficiently as possible. We're gonna aim to continue to do that pretty consistently. Got it. One more, if I may. Sure. Since your last earnings update, you know, has there been any change in the banking landscape for you guys? I mean, have you had any trouble with existing relationships or entering into new relationships with U.S. banks? Just, curious kinda how things have evolved there. Yeah. I would say there hasn't been any negative evolution since the last time we talked. We have worked pretty hard at expanding our own banking relationships, and being met with some success. It's also on the flip side, it's not a floodgate of open banking relationships at the biggest banks in the world. Nothing negative, nothing adverse, but pretty measured in terms of access for the sector. You know, we're leaning into, again, like we talked about last time, the fact that we do have those relationships. We are able to expand our relationships with our existing banks and add new banks to supplement it. We're leaning into the fact that we are in effect one of the trusted nodes now in the crypto sector through which crypto companies can come in and become a client and access our relationships and our banking rails effectively. Got it. Helpful. Thank you. Yep. The next question comes from Andrew Bond with Rosenblatt Securities. Please go ahead. Hey, good morning. As you build out GalaxyOne and work with institutional clients on a beta, what are these clients demanding in terms of essential services? Have you seen a shift in terms of what clients are looking for with regard to risk management and portfolio engineering tools similar to what they might use in TradFi given recent events? Andrew, thank you, man. Appreciate the question. Yeah. You know, the there is a heightened focus on all things counterparty and risk management and flexibility focused in crypto. You know, our MVP launch is meant to be pretty simple functionality, but addressing like institutionally built needs for clients, it's meant to be trading, access, custody, and reporting. We think those are the basic fundamental building blocks of institutions accessing digital markets. To your question, you know, one piece of that, the custody piece, clients are asking more and more for multi-custodial access, which is a differentiator for us, because unlike some of our other competitors, we don't in-house own an exchange. We don't in-house today own our own custodian. With competitors, their options are pretty monoline and singularly focused in terms of that counterparty. Our plan is to offer multi-custodial model. We're gonna launch GalaxyOne to start with three different external custodians. The theory being that clients can come in, and they can choose to allocate their assets between any one of those custodians. They can choose to either have omnibus accounts where they will eventually be able to add leverage to it, or they can choose segregated accounts, where they can pick their custodian. For us, the key for the build-out is gonna be when clients come in and demand that we provide accessibility to their custodian, where there's enough demand and a new large custodian who we haven't onboarded yet, we're gonna focus to plug that in, then that now becomes another large custodian that every client at GalaxyOne can then access. I would say diversification of custody is a key one. Certainly reporting, in terms of trade reporting, did I get the right fills? Where did I get filled relative to the market, are important. We're focused on that. We think that's an important transparency tool that is generally not available in the market today. Things like that is what we're focused on, providing institutional clients. Thanks, Chris. Just the GK8 acquisition, has that enabled you guys to build faster and more efficiently given, you know, the team and the tech you acquired? You called out the recent client wins and really strong pipeline there. Is there any primary driver of that recent kind of uptick? I mean, it's really recent. So we just closed in February, and we're able to properly get on with integration and then actually plugging in their services. So we're a little over two months into that today. We're fully integrated now as a firm, which is the fastest we've done, I think, with any one of our tuck-in acquisitions, which is great. We've got big hopes for GK8. We think there's a huge untapped market that is growing by the day in terms of global institutions who are going to provide digital asset custody services to their clients on a global basis. In particular, because these are digital bearer assets, we think there's gonna be many more of those customers globally than we would have seen in traditional finance. GK8's technology is built quite specifically for that client segment. We really think we've done this transaction at the right time on the front end of a global adoption trend that's gonna be the embedding key material management technology into big global institutions. We're really excited about that. Also, taking their technology and plug it into inside of Galaxy, where we historically have used external vendors. Now we can use an internal vendor, which is a cost saving, but also actually moves our roadmap forward. In particular, now, we're focused on using that to access DeFi markets and do it in a quick risk-managed regulated way, which is quite interesting. We're on the front end of that because, you know, we're two months into having integrated the company. Great. Thanks, Chris. Yep. The next question comes from Michael Legg with Benchmark. Please go ahead. Thanks. Good morning. Can you talk or give us a little more clarity on the direction you're seeing regulation in D.C.? You know, what type of focus are you seeing there? Any, you know, more color you can give us on what's going on there. Also, as it relates to your venture portfolio and other investments with $800 million of liquidity, can you just kind of talk a little bit about pipeline, whether there's add-on investments, new investments, or what you're seeing in your pipeline going forward? Thanks. Yeah, maybe I'll take regulation and let Chris take the venture stuff. Listen, the regulatory landscape in the U.S. is not great. I don't think anything will get done in Congress this session, right? There's some small chance the stablecoin bill would go through. You know, when you look at the politics of it, the White House is kind of putting the kibosh on anything. I think we're gonna continue to see the regulators, the SEC, the CFTC, regulate with lawsuits. The courts move slowly, right? It's been, what, three years since the Ripple lawsuit, and we still don't have a judgment. That will probably be the first judgment. I think this is gonna be a slow process, probably until the election. The good news is nothing bad is gonna come out legislatively, right? There is a pretty fierce Republican pro-crypto side that is gonna continue to, I think, hold the SEC chair to task with hearings, and I don't think any bill on the negative side gets done. It's a little bit of a space. It's one reason, quite frankly, that we are moving more of our operations offshore and certainly looking at the opportunity set. I mean, it's sad and almost ironic that Europe, which was always seen as the slow poke of innovation, is certainly a step ahead of the U.S. with their framework they set up. Hong Kong is becoming crypto-friendly or crypto-friendlier I should say. Then places like Abu Dhabi and Dubai are really pushing the envelope to create a robust, you know, crypto regulatory infrastructure. I think you're gonna see, you know, businesses migrate there, which is, you know, frustrating as a red, white, and blue patriot, but that's kind of our reality. Then on the Mike, on your question about capital allocation and venture investing and what we're seeing there. Yeah. Yeah, I mean, I think you nailed it on what the dynamic there is. You know, if you look at factually by the numbers, this is both in our previously balance sheet-focused venture investing now in the asset manager, but in Galaxy's capital-making venture investments as well as our interactive franchise. Overall, the pace of new investing has fallen off quite dramatically here. That's not just in the first quarter that extended back to the fourth quarter of 2022. We have been focused on portfolio management work, understanding which companies who already had product market fit, had traction, who we think have the best founders, have good businesses, but at some point are gonna need capital. The capital markets in general in crypto, then more broadly in venture and more broadly in illiquid investing generally have locked up quite good, right? For us, rather than blindly deploying more capital into new things, we are spending all of our time assessing the current portfolio, assessing needs, and planning for where we're going to back up the best companies if we get there and if they need it. The good thing was, you know, I think earlier in previous quarters, in late last year, we took a look at our portfolio. On average across our portfolio, we had over three years of runway in terms of at the portfolio company level, the expected needs. You know, it's only been a couple of months since then. That hasn't dramatically changed. So we built the portfolio to begin with a heightened focus on those companies' runways. I think that's gonna pay off for us. The flip side of that is when you think about the offense, where have we been thinking about offense? We've been thinking about offense, primarily in the secondary market, which is looking at the market where you've got a setup where you have a lot of asset owners, not a lot of asset buyers. Asset owners who would prefer to be liquid rather than illiquid, who are willing to sell good assets at great prices in good structures. On the offensive side, where we are spending our time is thinking about where can we be opportunistic and increase exposure for investors in our asset management business, in great businesses at great prices. We're really thinking about it like barbell from that perspective. Great. Thanks, guys. Appreciate it. The next question comes from Bill Papanastasiou with Stifel. Please go ahead. Hi. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for taking my question. Just one here. You know, we've recently seen a significant demand for block space with the introduction of these ordinals and BRC-20s that have led to a substantial increase in transaction fees and of course, an increase in hash price in early May. You know, it's also caused a significant amount of debate in the community on whether, you know, the blockchain should be used to settle wizard JPEGs. I'm hoping to hear more from your team on your thoughts on the matter and its long-term implications to the network and mining operators. Thank you. I need Alex Thorn, our head of research on this one, to get into the picky and details. Listen, I think in the long run, you're gonna see level two solutions like Lightning in Bitcoin process most of those transactions. It's just an intuitive sense. You know, people in the long run don't wanna pay high fees for small transactions. That transition will happen, and will happen probably pretty quickly. It's the same thing we've seen on, you know, the Ethereum network with all its level twos and side chains. I think if you wanna think about it conceptually, right, the most important transactions are gonna get hashed on the most secure, probably most expensive, blockchains. As the need for security decreases because of price in general, sometimes price and privacy, you'll see them on faster and cheaper chains. You know, cheaper chains probably. That's just as like an intuitive way to think about it. Most people didn't see the Bitcoin blockchain as the blockchain that fast things would be built on top of because of the way it was structured. It's meant to be expensive 'cause that's where the security comes from, right? If it was cheap to run the Bitcoin network, people wouldn't feel comfortable putting, you know, the half a trillion dollars of value that's in there. In some ways, this was a surprise, and the developers are kind of dealing with this as we go, that you have, you know, these two use cases pop up so quickly this year. Because most of that mindset had been, you know, being built on Ethereum. I think this is just a transition period. We will get Alex to put out a more focused note on that because I think it's a great question. Thanks, Mike. Really appreciate that color. That's all I have. The next question comes from Devin Ryan with JMP Securities. Please go ahead. Hi. This is actually Michael Falco on for Devin. Good morning. Just one for me on the investment banking business. Thinking about the macro environment there, it's been a challenging backdrop for fundraising and M&A, just broadly speaking, let alone in the digital asset space. You know, that being said, you did mention an active pipeline with, I think, 12 mandates. I was hoping you could provide a bit more color on the level and tone of client dialogues that you're having, and how that has evolved. Maybe, you know, have there been any notable shifts in activity or focus from recent quarters, and how are you thinking about the outlook from here? Sure. 2022, you know, just to level set, was a record year really for our investment banking business. We had nine deals. We generated 3x revenue from the prior year. Q1 has been at the same pace. Q1, we closed one deal. The pipeline leads us to believe that 2023 is gonna have a similarly paced year, probably even better in terms of number of mandates we're working on and things we actually get to the finish line on. The color I'll give you on it, though, is capital raising is very difficult. From a client perspective, most mandates look like a mixed bag of either capital raising or M&A or on the sell side to sell. And it sort of depends on where the demand is on the investing side as to whether or not a client ultimately is gonna be able to go at their own or look to have a strategic tie-up. From our perspective, having the team that has the ability to have connectivity to investors, but can also flip pretty quickly to thinking about corporate structure and strategic transactions and adding strategic value to the client outside of just raising money, is actually paramount for us to be successful this year. That's really what the pipeline looks like and what I think the business is gonna be this year, which really plays to a firm like our strength, given the diversity of skill sets that the team has here. Great. I appreciate the color. That's all for me. The next question comes from Rich Repetto with Piper Sandler. Please go ahead. Good morning, Michael and team, and congrats on the profitability. Mike, I have a follow-up question on the regulatory comments you made earlier from the earlier question. I'm gonna just read a sentence that Brian Armstrong from Coinbase had in his shareholder letter. He said, "Substantive bipartisan legislation is already taking shape, and we believe we could see real action before the end of Q2." That was a pretty sharp contrast to what your comments earlier. Just trying to see, have you heard of any. He wouldn't address any details of that on his call, have you heard about any really strong bipartisan movement? It certainly didn't sound like, you know, from your earlier comments. Brian's very well plugged in in D.C. as well. There was optimism that the stablecoin bill could make it through probably before Brian's call. You know, since then, I don't know when his call was, but that early optimism was kind of squelched when the White House, you know, through their channels, called some key Dems and said, "Hey, back down." The Democratic Party right now doesn't feel they've got a lot of mojo on their side when it comes to crypto because they are painted with Sam Bankman-Fried. I mean, you know, there's a Christmas card of, you know, Sam sitting on Joe Biden's lap. I mean, I'm half teasing, but politics are politics, and this is just political, right? It is frustrating as heck because most Democrats had realized previous to FTX that this should be a bipartisan issue. It's an issue that voters care about, why piss off voters? The Dems were all on side on crypto, then they just felt foolish and felt burned. It's not just the politicians, right? The regulators were so tight with FTX and Sam in particular that, you know, as the unofficial self-anointed spokesman for our industry, he really set this industry back, and it just takes time to heal. You know, I have met with lots of politicians in the last six weeks, and the advice from the wisest of them was, "It's just gonna take some time for the stink to wear off and for the wounds to heal." It's frustrating as heck as a guy who's running a, you know, 424 person business, in the U.S., but that's just where the politics are right now. That hope, and it was hope, right? It looked like, you know, that it could get done, just gets snuffed with one phone call. I would put it at less than a 15% chance that that bill gets through, and if the stablecoin bill's not going through. It's a shame because the United States needs a stablecoin bill. I mean, for lots of reasons, national strategic interests, right? China's coming already with their stablecoin and Europe has got a plan, that'll be, you know, mid-2024. If you think about, like, the history of people in countries that don't have stable regimes, you know, they've always had dollar bills in their pillowcase, right? There are more 100 dollar bills in circulation overseas than there are $1 bills that have been printed, right? The U.S. dollar has been the saving mechanism for so many people around the world. As we move into a digital age, if it's not a digital dollar, it's gonna be a digital RMB or a digital euro. China sees this really clearly, and it's shocking actually, how the U.S. is, you know, swinging and missing here. Mike, that's goes right to my follow-up. I know you're a red, white, and blue ex-military guy. Like, how close do you think are we to ceding sort of leadership in this, you know, asset class permanently? Like, if we don't act, and if the Ripple case doesn't have some impact within by year end, like how far behind. You even mentioned, you know, you're looking at alternatives offshore as well. Yeah. Listen, I think you're gonna see more innovation move offshore and more trading move offshore. In the long run, the United States is still the dominant economy of the world, or you know, it's the largest economy, and it's wildly important that the U.S. gets it right. I do think we will get it right in time. It might take a couple more years. It might take a new SEC chair, and you know, someone who comes with a different attitude of like, let's get to yes as opposed to get to no. I think it will set us back, but I don't think, you know, it will be a permanent setback. I just have a ton of faith in the innovation culture in the United States. You look still at so many of these ecosystems, they're sprouting from the same area where lots of the tech companies had. Some will move offshore, and some of our people are moving offshore. I think once the U.S. regulatory regime just gives people clarity, you'll see this industry accelerate quickly. You know, one of the promising things and at times scary things for a company like ours is quietly, lots of asset managers, lots of investors, lots of the banking industry are working on their own, you know, future in blockchain, right? There is a firm belief in the tokenization of assets. You know, we haven't seen it in a big way yet, but it is coming. It's almost an inevitability. It's more efficient, it allows for better distribution. You know, there are stealth operations at the big banks where they have more people working on blockchain than we do as a blockchain company. It gives me lots of confidence that things like GK8 are going to be really valuable assets, because if you think about it, as we tokenize assets around the world, every single financial institution is going to need some of their own custody. You know, GK8 becomes a SaaS business for us, selling this service to hundreds of financial organizations. It's the same thing with NFTs. You know, people got crazy with the NFT speculation and then said, "Oh, it was just a fad." It couldn't be further from a fad, right? Every major brand is gonna use NFTs as an advertising mechanism, as a community building mechanism, as a way to follow what their customers do. It will become the new cookie in lots of ways. Where those things get stored. The infrastructure needed as we move into a digital age and a Web3 digital age is being built and it's being built quietly. A lot of our portfolio companies should benefit from that. Again, I can't tell you if this all shows up in the next, you know, one year or four years. I think it's probably longer than a year and shorter than four years. I've got lots of confidence that, you know, the plumbing of crypto is being built, and you'll see mortgages on the blockchain explode. You'll see. Why? They're more efficient and cheaper. That's coming. It's just not coming as fast as we all like it to be. Thank you. The next question comes from Joseph Vafi with Canaccord. Please go ahead. Hi, everyone. Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. Just kind of circling back to the banking turmoil here that we've seen over the last few months, and, you know, Bitcoin obviously being more than resilient and kind of heading up and speculation that it's kind of, you know, in a certain way, a safe haven relative to banking turmoil. Just wondering what you've seen on the institutional side, if there's been more interest in digital assets that kind of mirrors this strength in Bitcoin, and then a quick follow-up? Yeah. You know, what we saw was, first of all, the crypto community getting re-energized. This has been kind of exactly why Bitcoin was created. That gave a big jolt to people that were already crypto fans. We saw macro hedge funds and other, you know, trading, you know, institutional clients buy Bitcoin as a, you know, and the same reason they were buying gold. If you think about gold's use in a portfolio, Bitcoin is a, is a digital version and a, and a better version of that. It's, you know, as I said, on a risk-adjusted basis, it's been the best investment in the world, really, over three years, over two years, over year to date. It's a great diversifier of portfolios, and you're seeing that more and more. We didn't see the insurance companies, pension funds, endowments re-up. You know, again, like I said, those guys are, in some ways, on a holding period. Not all of them, but as a bulk. Listen, I think the banking crisis probably gives Bitcoin a positive tailwind in that the echo of this crisis will be most regional banks have to raise capital, and one of the ways you raise capital is you don't lend as much. Loan growth will slow, probably slow dramatically at most regional banks. Regional banks were growing loans at 15%, 16%. You know, that's in contrast to money center banks, which were growing loans at 2%-3% last year. You're gonna see small businesses, capital starved, you're gonna see a credit crunch. It doesn't happen overnight. That's really why the Fed has paused, why the Fed will probably be cutting rates, you know, third quarter, end of third quarter. That will give Bitcoin a tailwind. This banking crisis should be the gift that keeps on giving. Great. Thanks for that, Mike. Just secondly, over on your infrastructure side, you know, kind of Galaxy being a financial services provider here to the broader digital asset space, it feels like should have some competitive advantages on the hosting side, you know, being able to lend to miners that you may host, having other capabilities such as custody and the like. At a high level, it's still early there, I know, but do you have a feel for, you know, if you think, you know, hosting versus self-mining is maybe kind of the lead horse over there on the infrastructure side? Or maybe I'm totally wrong with that. Any thoughts you've got? Thanks a lot. It's a great question, and Chris and I are fighting over who's gonna answer it. I'm gonna let Chris answer it because he spends more time with the mining hat on than I do. Sure. In the Galaxy Digital Infrastructure Solutions group, mining today is the largest piece of the investment. As a result, it's the largest income producer for us and likely will be. Although I hope the GK8 side really outperforms. On the mining side, we're thinking about the strategy as a mixed strategy. We believe the mining sector, Bitcoin mining sector in particular, has. There's a dearth of well-capitalized, smart, good operators who have built good infrastructure that can last volatile markets, both crypto markets, power markets, et cetera. We thought Helios was a real gem of an operation that we could take in, stabilize quickly with a relatively low investment, and then expand on. We think there's a really interesting strategy for us as a company focusing on the hosting element, where, we own the dirt and the iron and the steel and operate it sort of best in class, and we can turn around and offer that to folks who own ASICs, and but don't have an ability to actually run those ASICs, consistently with access to low power, with uptime. To your point, I mean, you sort of led the witness on it. Why that's really interesting for Galaxy is not only can we provide that base service for people who own, and companies who own ASICs, then once we've done that, we can also more easily provide them financing solutions, liquidity solutions, hedging solutions, not just on the power side, where we're managing it for them, but also on the ultimate price side with regards to, like, the Bitcoin they produce. It's a real. It really has the potential to be a real flywheel business for us to reach across the rest of the company, in the markets business and the asset management business, once we've got clients there who have their assets with us. We just think we're the right company who's well-positioned, and now we have the right asset to be able to offer that up. Great. thanks for that color, Chris. The next question comes from Jamie Friedman with Susquehanna. Please go ahead. Hi. Alex, in terms of your prepared remarks, you were talking about the linearity of the quarter, and I don't want to put words in your mouth, but it sounded like you were real active in the last week. I was hoping you could elaborate on that? In that same context, if you could possibly un-unpack it a little bit in terms of which of the segments it was that experienced that kind of linearity. I'm curious as to the capacity of the company when you see these bursts. Yeah. Yeah, sure. Thank you. In the last week, Bitcoin and Ethereum both moved up about 3%-4%. Most of that was reflected in our global market segment, right, as positional gains on our long. In general, we run a long digital assets portfolio, and obviously it benefits from prices going up. Okay. In terms of how you think about the, you know, managing either headroom or capacity or throughput, like in terms of, you know, I'm sure there's a lot of quiet days, but when the big days come, so how do you know, think about managing for all seasons? Well, let me take that. Yeah, listen, the way you should think about our trading business in some ways is we have this customer-facing franchise with traders around the country, around the globe, both derivative traders, electronic OTC traders and voice OTC traders that both take risk and facilitate customer business. That business should be correlated to both volume and volatility, right? Higher volumes and higher volatility, we should do better. Days like or weekends like the Silicon Valley, you know, crises weekend where Silvergate was under stress, we had our most profitable weekend, you know, trading days. We did the most volume. We showed up and were the liquidity provider for lots of our clients, you know, over a really scary period, very profitable week. In some ways, you wouldn't wish that on all your friends, but from your business perspective, it's a wonderful place to be. What I worry about in that business is if volumes and volatility just kind of keep shrinking, you know, that's hard to make money in. The second half of our trading revenues, and at one point, maybe we will get them split, are our balance sheet and kind of I'll call it the macro piece of how Galaxy operates. As Alex said, we tend to be long both Bitcoin and Ethereum as kind of core belief systems. Listen, if I knew the market's gonna go down 70%, factually I would probably sell a lot more than I have and try to buy it back cheaper. In that business, we are. You know, indexed long, we trade around the position both with options by reducing our overall beta at times and using G10 hedges, interest rates, equities, and currencies to try to mute the volatility of that portfolio. You can almost separate the two. Again, that business also does better with volatility and volume, i.e., because those things usually tend to be in up markets. Our franchise business should be able to make money in a down market pretty consistently, where our proprietary business is probably gonna be much more indexed to the market going up. Got it. Thank you for the color. The next question comes from Kevin Dede with H.C. Wainwright. Please go ahead. Thank you, gentlemen, for including me and everyone behind the scenes that I know works real hard there. Three things quickly, Mike and Chris, if you can fit them in. One, DWS and Galaxy. Curious to know, your business development strategy and how you feel you can differentiate against some big competitors there. Second, just on the Pantera relationship, congratulations on that. Maybe you can give us some color on the competition you see and how you feel Galaxy is better positioned to win more business there. Third, any thoughts on Bitcoin pricing and network hash going into the halving and beyond late next year? Yep, sure. Let's see if I can remember them all in. Maybe in reverse order. Start with hash. Yeah. I'm sorry, that's the first thing I remembered. On the DWS side, DWS is the third-largest asset manager in Europe. They have $1 trillion of assets under management. They have a broad distribution reach. From a business development standpoint, DWS has expertise in market. You know, the continent obviously has its own Euro regime, but also idiosyncratic specific country markets. They bring that expertise. They bring the reach from a distribution perspective. Galaxy on the business development side brings, I think, you know, the best research desk in the space, the best team that can actually create the product from a vendor support perspective, from a knowledge on should we have this asset in the index? Should we not have this asset? Can we support this asset? Can we not? All the digital asset and crypto-specific knowledge necessary to, like, create a good product that institutions are gonna want is where Galaxy brings to that. When you put those two things together, we think that from a competitive standpoint, there's really no one company or paired relationship out there that can both have the reach, the in-region expertise, and then the asset-specific expertise that we bring. That we're excited about the prospects there for sure. On the, on the, on Bitcoin pricing, hash rate. Like, obviously we can't control price, and I'm not as good a predictor of price as Mike is, so I won't even try. But we control our own hash rate, but we don't control necessarily the growth in hash rate. What's interesting is if you look at the actual sheer dollars required from today's hash rate, over 300+ exahash to see the same kind of hash rate expansion that we have seen from 150 to 300+, would take an enormous amount of capital. Not only an enormous amount of capital, it would, it would take an enormous amount of support from energy producers to support that load coming in. When you look at, like, the technicals behind, you know, one part of the equation, which is hash rate growth, we find it quite compelling to own a big piece today of existing hash rate and don't see the prospect for hash rate to realistically continue to outpace the growth that it has historically. Flip side of that now on Bitcoin pricing, right? That's a macro call. We have a very strong thesis on that. We don't have to get into that necessarily. Other than, as you see fiat currencies printed and fiat debt denominations grow at the sovereign level, so too you should see Bitcoin price increase. As simple as that would be our thesis. The halving is gonna be a really interesting event, certainly for the space, because on a number of coins produced, certainly, you know, one day you're gonna have economics that's X, and the next day you're gonna have 0.5 x in terms of what is actually produced by the network. Cool things that have happened, this was alluded to on the call before, that really weren't in the plan, for example, were network fees showing up being less than 10% of the block reward, now on days spiking to over 35% of the block reward. That event happening, we think is a small window into different futures where you could actually wake up and have the halving have a much less, a much muted impact than we would otherwise expect. Let alone the fact that from our perspective, we're focused on making sure that our site has access to low-cost energy so that we're on the leftmost part of the curve, so that when the. I n the worst-case scenario, when the halving comes, and other miners are turning off, we're actually capturing that market share. There's a lot of elements that go into it. The best we can do is make sure that we own the right asset and we're well-positioned to be one of the best operators in the space, and the rest should flow from there. The third question I actually forgot. Pantera. All right. Just the relationship with Pantera, the opportunity you have there, and who you might see compete for future business. Yeah. So, you know, the Pantera group for a long time. We've known Pantera group for a long time. We spent a lot of time with them over the years, both as investors in their funds. We facilitated liquidity for their investments on the trading side. It was great to be able to represent them and work with them on a strategic sale transaction of one of their portfolio companies. We hope there's a lot more business to do there 'cause Pantera has a lot of portfolio companies. So, for us to be able in that position, I think is a good, it's a good first step, and there's a lot more to do there. Competitively, you know, one of the good and the bad for us has been the large banks and institutions stepping back from the crypto market means there's a lot less competition on the investment banking side for big banking groups who have bigger resources than us, who otherwise would be competing for mandates who are just no longer there. We expect to see competition in the banking business. We will likely see it from the more boutique shops. But those boutique shops have their expertise in generalized transactions, so generally raising capital, generally advising on M&A and different corporate transactions, where what we bring to the table is different in that we have that skill set, but also the specifics required to make good decisions from management teams, specific to our space. Yeah, I think Pantera giving us that vote of confidence is something the market shouldn't play down. It's an important one. Thanks, Chris. I agree. That's why I raised the question. Thank you so much, gentlemen, for the color and staying on to address my curiosity. Appreciated. Got it. This concludes our Q&A session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Michael Novogratz, founder and CEO, for any closing remarks. I just wanna thank everyone for their interest and staying on this call. We are committed to building a world-class, you know, crypto and blockchain company. We're gonna come to work every day early and stay late. I do think this is gonna be a challenging year. Like I said, you know, we're not focused just on 2023. Our real focus is 2025, building for what the future will be. I've lost no faith in the fact that blockchain technology, Bitcoin as an asset, and the entire suite of things we focus on is gonna be a major part of the financial landscape of the world in the future. We're prepared to ride out what looks to be, you know, tougher times, and try to take market share, when our competitors who are less well-capitalized are falling at the wayside. We'll be back next quarter, hopefully with good news. The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.