As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I'd now like to turn the call over to your host, Ms. Melissa Poole, Vice President of Investor Relations for The Hershey Company. Thank you. You may begin. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us today for The Hershey Company's Fourth Quarter 2021 Earnings Q&A Session. I hope everyone has had the chance to read our press release and listen to our prerecorded management presentation, both of which are available on our website. In addition, we have posted a transcript of the prerecorded remarks. At the conclusion of today's live Q&A session, we will also post a transcript and audio replay of this call. Please note that during today's Q&A session, we may make forward-looking statements that are subject to various risks and uncertainties. These statements include expectations and assumptions regarding the company's future operations and financial performance, including expectations and assumptions related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Actual results could differ materially from those projected as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as other factors. The company undertakes no obligation to update these statements based on subsequent events. A detailed listing of such risks and uncertainties can be found in today's press release in the company's SEC filings. Finally, please note that we may refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures that we believe will provide useful information for investors. The presentation of this information is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. Reconciliations to the GAAP results are included in this morning's press release. Joining me today are Hershey's Chairman and CEO, Michele Buck, and Hershey's Senior Vice President and CFO, Steve Voskuil. With that, I will turn it over to the operator for the first question. At this time, we will be conducting a question-and-answer session. If you'd like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you'd like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. One moment please while we poll for questions. Our first question is from Andrew Lazar with Barclays. Please proceed with your question. Good morning, everybody. Good morning, Andrew. Good morning. Hi there. I guess my question is, you know, it seems like the plan for this year is Hershey is gonna look to certainly leverage greater SG&A to more than offset some of the expected gross margin pressure during the year. I guess my question is, you know, how does the company balance sort of leaning more heavily on SG&A this year, you know, to hit certain targets, including less aggressive marketing spend, you know, albeit in light of capacity constraints? You know, how do you balance that with continuing to lean in on reinvestment to protect as much of the sort of the current momentum and the market share that's been gained in the past two years, really to benefit the out years, right, of 2023, 2024, and sort of beyond? Yeah. As you know, we take a pretty balanced approach in terms of focus on delivering the short term as well as making sure that we are building all the capabilities and continued investment to build the long term. As it relates to. Let me start with some of our SG&A. You know, we think it's important to continue to build capabilities. Some of the places that we have been very focused are in the areas of ERP, obviously, so that we can really get a solid foundation of technology that we think will bring us tremendous benefit going forward in the future. We incur a lot of the expense now and frankly, more of the benefit in the future. Also in terms of digital as a big investment area, specifically, we've had a big focus in advancing our capabilities to deliver more sophisticated targeting and get more efficiency in media. We believe some of those lean ins are really important to help us build those capabilities for the future. As we look at brand investment, as you know, we are big believers in our business model that brand investment is key. We have always been very solid spenders, and we continue to believe that. We have moderated some of that spending as we've had supply challenges and constraints to make sure that we keep our very strong returns on that investment. It's a balancing act. Some of the investments in media have enabled us to get efficiency so that we are still delivering a pretty strong number of consumer impressions out there. We feel good about where our share of voice is. We're really trying to balance that and say, okay, we'll moderate a bit now on brand investment, but certainly keep our eye on it as we go forward to make sure that we continue to protect that for the long term. Right. Thank you. Steve, anything on this one? No, I think you hit the highlights. You know, we have a compensation reset that happens as we set new targets, and so, you know, that gives us a little bit on the benefit side to deploy against the things that Michele said. Great. Then just briefly, Steve, I guess, where would you say Hershey is right now with respect to sort of retail inventory levels and I guess finished goods inventory as well, you know, relative to where the company might typically see itself sort of at this time of the year? Just trying to get a sense of what sort of, you know, inventory refill opportunity there might be moving forward, you know, obviously as capacity allows. Thanks so much. Sure. As we formed our guidance for next year, you know, we have an assumption inside there that there is an opportunity for some inventory build back into the network. Of course, we've also got some inventory building to do on our side, but from a retail distributor standpoint as well, and that's part of our guidance. Okay. Thank you. Our next question is from Robert Moskow with Credit Suisse. Please proceed with your question. Hi. Thank you for the question. I wanted to get a sense of what you're seeing from competition. Is your competition facing the same supply chain constraints that you're facing? Therefore, should we assume that you're expecting a year of market share gains, or do you expect to hold share this year? You know, do you expect them to reduce media as well? Relative to competition, yes, we would say everyone in the category seems to be having similar challenges, just as I would say pretty broadly in the industry, that's the case. We anticipate the situation relative to delivering on demand to be about comparable across the competitors. Relative to market share, we believe that we will hold share this year. As you know, we've had some really significant gains over the past two-year period of time. We will have more tepid share performance in the first half of the year building to a bit more strength in the second half due to lapse alone. Relative to share of voice on advertising, we do track that, and we feel really good about where we are from an advertising share of voice perspective. Okay, great. Maybe a follow-up. Gross profit dollars for the core business, not including the acquisitions, should we still assume that your gross profit dollars are growing? This is kind of a backhanded way to figure out what kind of gross margin I should expect for 2022. Yes. Gross margin dollars are gonna grow, as we talked about in the prepared remarks. From a margin standpoint, we expect to see some dilution comparable to what we saw in 2021. From a dollar standpoint, yes, up year- over- year. Okay. All right. Thank you. Our next question is from Nik Modi with RBC Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question. Thank you. Good morning, everyone. Just a couple of housekeeping items and then a broader question. Steve, I was hoping you can maybe disaggregate the shipping days and the elasticity impact that you discussed in the prepared remarks, if there's any perspective you can give on kind of what, you know, the magnitude of each. In the prepared remarks, you also indicated you're looking at historical elasticities when you think about this year. As we've seen across the broader CPG landscape, you know, elasticities have been better than expected. I'm just trying to get clarification. Are you assuming kind of what you've seen historically, like, you know, pre-COVID, or, you know, if you could just provide some context there? Let me start and answer your elasticity question. I'll give it to Steve to do the disaggregation. Nick, what we are assuming for this year is historical elasticities. To date on our pricing, we have seen a little bit better performance versus historical. As we go into this year, we wanna carefully keep our eye on the potential impact of input inflation on the consumer. We know that there's been reduction, obviously, in government stimulus, and SNAP. With inflation across the board, it's just a top-of-mind, watch-out area for us, and that's why we really chose to say historical price elasticities is what we think is a smart, and prudent planning move for us. Steve, do you wanna talk about disaggregation? Yeah. Just to break that out a little bit, the shipping days, we would estimate to be about a 2-point impact on the quarter. From an elasticity standpoint, if you sort of took that to the side, if you took the shipping days to the side, pounds were about flat in the quarter. If that helps give you some idea. That's very helpful. Michele, just one more question. I mean, you know, obviously, the issue with out-of-stocks has been a pervasive problem for everyone. You know, labor obviously is a big part of that. Is this one of those scenarios where you just kind of have to manage through it and don't really have a good handle on when things are gonna start getting better? I mean, I guess because it's so labor dependent. Well, I guess what I would say is we have a lot of actions in place to drive continuous improvement relative to our own supply. Certainly, yeah, there's no certain end state where I can tell you this is where the switch flips. What I can tell you is we have had numerous programs underway. First of all, we focused a lot on optimizing demand. How do we get the most efficiency out of the capacity we have by reducing complexity and changeovers, prioritizing SKUs? Part of that included working with retailers to double and triple face our core items, which is always a great move because they are very high velocity. That makes a lot of sense. As it comes to supply, we are continuing to invest in incremental capacity. There is incremental capacity that will gradually come online as we go through this year and also into 2023 and 2024. We've also made some significant investments in manufacturing labor. You know, frankly, last year was a real challenge. Our people did real yeoman's work to just do whatever was needed to produce as much volume as possible, but it really wasn't sustainable in terms of having a reasonable employee value proposition for those folks. We have invested in labor. We won't get the benefit of that immediately because it takes time to train people, to get them up to speed, to be as efficient as our current workforce. We do think it's important, and a lot of that really just helps us to manage some of the overtime as well. We do have a lot of activities underway. We think that we will make continuous improvement, but under no circumstances would we really be out of the woods totally. We will continue to have pressure throughout the year. Our goal is to just continue to make improvement. Great. Thanks much. I'll pass it on. Thank you. Our next question is from Jason English with Goldman Sachs. Please proceed with your question. Hey, good morning, folks. Thanks for stopping in. Good morning. Congrats on strong results and some sustained momentum. The cumulative volume growth in North America over the past two years, my calculation, roughly 7%. It's obviously a real standout here, especially given the contrast to what was very little growth before COVID. My question is kind of on that focus. You know, how much of the volume that you picked up during COVID do you think is durable? And how much is at risk of leaking back out as we kind of come out the other side of this? And then what's embedded in your planning assumptions? I know there's a lot there. It's a bit tricky to unravel, but I would love your view on it. Yeah. You know, we've really tried to do a good dissection and deep dive to understand that as best possible. I would tell you, I think there are a number of things going on. First of all, we do know that there are some COVID-related impacts. The change in consumer behaviors with consumer spending more time at home has clearly benefited some of our brands and categories because they're around their homes more to consume our products, and our products are more eaten in those types of environments than out and about in, you know, restaurants, environments, et cetera. I think that based on what we're seeing in consumer behavior, like, you know, I think that while more people and people have become more mobile, there also is a change of behavior that I think is here to stay to some degree, right? People enjoy spending time with their families. They appreciate them more given the COVID situation. They've gotten comfortable, some of them, the portion who are flexibly working and wanna continue some of that. So I believe that some of that is here to stay. At the same time, we also did implement a number of new strategies in our business over the years that we think have also helped us. You know, we really tried to do a better job of balancing innovation and the core to get more sustainable growth, and we have seen that that's had an impact on the business. I think we also think we've gotten smarter about pricing, where we have multiple levers on, you know, list price and price pack architecture that we can utilize. I guess I'd tell you, we believe that, you know, there's part of both of that. We do think that there is a sustainability, an underlying sustainability. May not be all of it, but, you know, in addition to us, in particular, I think the category's relevancy has just, you know, increased during COVID. Those are some of our thoughts, Rob. I hope that's helpful. No, that's helpful. Sticking on the topic of volume, it looks like your guidance for next year is predicated on fairly firm volume. You say you're assuming historical elasticities, which should be a net negative drag, and maybe some of this COVID stuff comes back out. What are the offsets? Is this like the inventory reload later in the year and a catch-up, or where are you seeing the offsets to that elasticity? Sure. Yeah, a couple things. One, we touched on it earlier, was, you know, the inventory. So we are assuming some inventory rebuild with retailers and distributors. That's a component. Seasons is a component. Seasons worked fantastic this past year, yet another 90% sell-through for holiday and, you know, that will help from an ordering for this year. So we're leaning into seasons. Then continuing to activate against our brands and go-to-market strategy. You know, a portion of that's innovation, a portion of that is, you know, just working with our retail team to make sure we're bringing new programming that we can support from a capacity standpoint. So those are the biggest factors offsetting the elasticity. Understood. Thanks a lot. I'll pass it on. Thanks, Jason. Our next question is from Michael Lavery with Piper Sandler. Please proceed with your question. Good morning. Thank you. Good morning. You mentioned the stimulus benefits and SNAP in particular, and clearly there's some risk there. Can you give a sense of what, if anything, you're hearing from consumers directly in terms of how they may have reacted with elevated benefits and just how much of your performance could have been driven by that? Because we survey consumers, it looks like confections is the category that may have had the least benefit of all. Is that consistent with what you're seeing, or can you just give a sense of how you think about some of the risk around that? Yeah. We do think that there could have been less benefit. That's what we're seeing as well for us than for others. I do think that's correct. At the same time, we do know that there's significant pressure out there, and we just wanna really keep our fingers on the pulse of it to make sure that we, you know, we aren't missing something. I mean, certainly we're not a category where there's a big private label component and people can easily just say, "I'm gonna still participate, but switch to, you know, lower brands." That's always been a benefit for us during times like this, but we do understand the pressure consumers are under. No, that's great color. Thank you. Then just on some of your outlook where from a planning perspective, can you give a sense of some of the timing you expect for any of the inventory restocking? You touched on the SKU rationalizations. How significant are those? I know you're swapping them out for higher velocity items. Is that a net positive? Is there timing for that, for anything we should keep in mind from how we think about modeling the year? Sure. I'd take the first part of that. If we look at the inventory build, we're kind of planning it to spread evenly over the year. Obviously it's gated a little bit by our capacity coming online, and so, you know, that's one factor. If I look more broadly at the sales profile for the year, you know, we'll have more M&A benefits on the top line in the first half of the year. We'll have more pricing benefit in the top line for the first half of the year, but the inventory build will be spread more evenly. On the SKU rationalization side, you know, we see a minimal impact from that for the reasons Michele talked about. You know, where we've had to make choices for things we can supply, we've been able to gain more pacings and sell more core product. Net, that hasn't been a big factor. You know, we always had done SKU rationalization before we got into COVID just to make sure we were always thoughtful when we did add new innovation SKUs and make sure we had good velocity on those products. We don't see a big impact. That's very helpful. Thank you. Our next question is from Kenneth Zaslow with Bank of America. Please proceed with your question. Hey, good morning, guys. Good morning, Ken. Just two questions. One is, you know, you're hitting your 9%-11% EPS growth in a capacity-constrained environment with higher labor costs, even with, you know, lower ad spending. If you were in a normalized environment, how much incremental EPS growth or how would you kind of frame the pent-up EPS that may not be in the 9%-11% as you emerge from this capacity constraint issues? Yeah, that's a tough one to kind of think about because there are so many interconnected variables inside that equation. You know, we've got the robust volume, which is driving you know, very high utilization on assets, you know, too high, to be honest, which is why we're adding capacity. So you pick up some benefits there, but a lot hangs on that. We're also with the pricing drop through in response to commodity costs. So that's a tough one to say. There are too many interconnected components inside the P&L, Ken, to really probably give you a clear answer for that. Would you think it would be higher or lower? I'll leave that question, and then I have another question. Sure. Even that's kinda hard, Ken, because if, you know, if I start at the very top, you know, we would probably not be taking as many price increases as we've taken, but for the need to cover the costs that we have coming through both commodities and the rest of the P&L. Even at that very top line level, it's hard to say how the construction then below the rest of the P&L would flow through. Okay. My second question is, you know, with Pirate's Booty and SkinnyPop, you guys are obviously crushing it on the sales line. What were the key learnings that has changed your acquisition strategy with that, and what are you going to apply to Dot's that continues to keep this, you know, the snacking business at these levels, right? Your acquisition strategy has clearly evolved into something that has been quite successful. Can you talk about where the evolution has gone and how you apply it to Dot's? Absolutely. You know, we know that at the beginning of our journey into snacks, we had some challenges in some of our first acquisitions. You know, I guess it goes to, you know, maybe you kiss a few toads on the way to the prince. But we learned a lot about what we're good at and what we're not good at, and we established some principles. One of those principles was there's a certain size threshold that's critical for us in order to absorb a business and be able to really build it from there. We're not good creators of very small businesses and making them big. We also understand that our business model is all about a high growth margin, a strong growth margin that enables us to invest, to grow capabilities and invest in our brands. We got very, very stringent about those guidelines and those criteria for success. We focused a lot on building capability. Frankly, we didn't have a lot of M&A capability, and so we got a lot smarter about how to do the right due diligence, what were really the key questions we needed to understand. We started to see what we have to know going in, and I think as we did each acquisition, we got better at that. With Pirate's Booty and SkinnyPop, we got amazing brands. That's what we're good at, is really getting a brand that has a strong consumer following. We'd like to see brands that have tremendous repeat but low household penetration because that says consumers love them, and we can apply our capabilities to expanding distribution and investing to create awareness of the brands. The other thing we learned was the importance of supply chain. You know, early on, we had some struggles absorbing a lot of these smaller companies didn't have their own supply chain. Thus you saw when we went forward and bought Dot's, we decided to buy the co-manufacturer, Pretzels, Inc., as well. I think we've consistently applied those lessons. As I said, we built a lot of capability and muscle along the way and got better at those key criteria of, you know, parts of brands, margins, and the right supply chain. Great. I appreciate it. Thank you, guys. Our next question is from Ken Goldman with J.P. Morgan. Please proceed with your question. Hi. Good morning. Thanks so much. I just wanted to follow up on one thing. I know you talked about investing in digital capabilities, and I hear the goal. You know, part of it is advancing targeting and efficiency in media. I guess I'm not quite sure what the mechanics are there and why those efforts would cost a good deal of capital. Maybe I'm you know, digging a little bit too deeply here. I just you know, those things historically seem to be more about learning, education, hiring consultants to help you than capital. I'm just trying to get a sense of connecting the dots there if I can. Sure. You know, one of the things that we have seen has been really critical is what's the data set. In the past, we relied on our own internal data set that we would analyze and do, you know, traditional marketing mix modeling kind of, you know, activities. We've really created what we think is a proprietary approach to what we're doing, investing in other data sources and then integrating them into ours, building the tools that allow us to do that, you know, utilizing the cloud across what we're doing. A lot of that has been in investing in those different areas to truly kind of break out in this space. Okay, that's helpful. Thank you. I may just be missing it, but I hear that I see in the press release and in the prepared remarks commentary on strong innovation. I'm not sure I see a list of products that you would consider strong innovation. I can't recall Hershey ever not listing the new products as a year starts. I realize this year is a little bit, you know, unusual just as last year was. I'm just trying to get a sense of what those new items are that you're most excited of or for and you know, how you might qualify them. Absolutely. I mean, I'd start by saying first, hey, given where we are in a capacity constrained world, our first focus is the core. If we are maxing out capacity with the core, you know, we're really balancing what's the right innovation to continue to drive news. We also want to be very efficient, and we just want to maximize, you know, throughput. That said, we do have several items that we are excited about. Reese's Big Cup with Potato Chips, Kit Kat Dark Chocolate with Strawberry, Kit Kat Hazelnut. We also have, importantly, some really great new pack types. We've talked to you about price pack architecture, and we've put a lot of focus on understanding different consumer occasions and where there was a need or an opportunity for a pack type that best meets that occasion and drives incremental consumption. We're really excited about two of those. One is called the Pantry Pack, and think about that as, I don't know, I'm going to describe it as almost a case of your product or a case pack of your product that's designed to sit easily either in your refrigerator or in your pantry that you can easily, you know, get out multiple units of, you know, of single-serve product. We also have an item that's called the Super King. You know, we have a standard bar, which is a smaller instant consumable item. We have a King Size bar, which is a bigger instant consumable item. Consumers identified interest in a Super King, which is an instant consumable pack that has more product, more individual units for sharing. Those pack types have tended to be really great innovation for us over time, highly sustainable. Thanks so much. Our next question is from Bryan Spillane with Bank of America. Please proceed with your question. Hey, good morning, everyone. Just a couple of quick ones for me. First, as we're looking at the gross margin guidance that you've given for 2022, just what are the acquisitions accretive, dilutive or neutral to gross margins? Yeah, on the gross margin line, they're dilutive. You can get a little sense for that with the new segmentation detail that we provided. Particularly dropping those in versus where before does create some dilution. I know there's been a few comments, Steve, or questions around just phasing. Could you just help us a little bit with regards to how we should think about the phasing, I guess, of margins through the year? You know, does pricing help a little bit more later in terms of gross margins? Just any guidance or any color you can provide in terms of how we should be thinking about the phasing of costs over the course of the year. Sure. Yeah, we have, if I go back to kind of first half, second half, I won't get down to the quarters, but we expect to see tougher laps. We know we'll have more pricing in the first half of the year, but we expect to see probably tougher gross margin in the first half and probably Q2 in particular will be a tough, just looking at the lap that we had last year. We would expect to see gross margins, you know, everything else equal in the plan, gradually improving as we get to the fourth quarter next year. Okay. Then, you know, Michele, in the prepared remarks, there's a comment around salty snacks, talking about, you know, being in a position, I think, to more efficiently integrate future acquisitions. Can you just touch on that a little bit, just what that means? Yeah, absolutely. You know, we're at a point now where we are continuing to build scale in salty snacks. You know, we started with SkinnyPop and Pirate's Booty, you know, with the Dot's business. We have sizable brands. You know, we are really looking at what is the optimal way to build the operating model around that entire piece of business. That includes everything from, you know, obviously right now we're very focused on integrating Dot's and Pretzels, Inc. You know, what's our end state of, from an operating model, how we operate from a supply chain network, how we operate, you know, this array of products do not require conditioned distribution, so they are very different than our core portfolio. That's really the work that we're talking about there. Okay, great. Last one for me. Spillane household is very activated right now around the Cadbury Bunny tryouts. All right. Love to hear it. All right, I'll leave it there. Thanks, guys. Thank you. Thank you. Our next question is from Chris Growe with Stifel. Please proceed with your question. Hi, good morning. Good morning. Just to add an editorial remark, following Bryan there, we've really enjoyed Super Kings. They're very dangerous, by the way, but we do enjoy those as well in our household. I just had two quick ones. I just wanted to make sure I understood, there's a comment in prepared remarks about not being able, you have pricing coming through, but that won't fully offset cost inflation. Or you also threw in, though, some manufacturing investments and that kind of thing. So I just want to get a sense of how much inflation you have, and then will pricing offset inflation, but there's other factors that may weigh on the gross margin? Is that the way to think about it or give me more color on that, please. Yeah. Yeah, a couple things. Yeah, in general, pricing will offset the majority of our inflation. If I look at our commodity basket, you know, we've got the biggest increases year-over-year in places like sugar and dairy and packaging materials and specialty ingredients. And we have pretty good visibility into that. We've talked in the past about our hedging program, and that gives us a pretty good picture. We've also got inflation from a labor standpoint. As one of the things Michele said, labor and manufacturing value proposition is one area that we're leaning in pretty strongly this year, and that's a differential investment than what we've done in the past. To answer your question, yeah, pricing offsets the majority of the inflationary pieces, but it doesn't fully offset the additional investment that we're also making to improve the value proposition for employees. Okay. Have you given a level or a range of inflation for the year just to get a level set on where you are right now? Yeah. As we look across, I'll say the commodity basket, but also other sources of inflation, you're talking mid- to high-single-digit. Okay. Thank you. Just to be clear, your capacity as it stands today, can you produce enough to meet demand, or are you still using third parties more heavily, things like that are kind of weighing on the gross margin in addition to other, you know, inflation, given the fact that you're trying to catch up on production here? Yeah, today, we don't have enough capacity to meet all consumer demand. You know, we've had some more manufacturing lines come online in 2021. We have more in Reese's and PAYDAY and JOLLY RANCHER gummies that will come online in 2022. Even with that, we feel like we're behind consumer demand. There is inflation through co-mans and partners in the network. Inflation flows through those lines just like it does from an internal standpoint. That is a factor. Even as we rotate that outside support into internal production, we're still gonna have inflation on the same, you know, labor lines and some of the materials lines. Okay. Thank you. And there are not- Just one follow-up. I'm sorry. Go ahead. I was just gonna say, and there's not a lot of material change in our use of co-man. Some of the items that are in highest demand are items that we uniquely produce. If you think about the uniqueness of some of the forms of some of our big confection items. While we are trying to use any external co-man and network as we can, there are some that it's just not available because of the proprietary nature of our products. Excellent. Thank you. I just want to follow on Bryan's question. I think he asked about Dot's, and I think you mentioned that was dilutive to margin. Is that dilutive to EPS as well? Perhaps you answered that, but I may have missed that. No, the Dot's deal is accretive to earnings in the first year, and it's about a 2-point benefit. Okay. Just wanted to be sure on that. Thanks so much. Our next question is from David Palmer with Evercore ISI. Please proceed with your question. Thanks. Good morning. I noticed, you know, you're calling the two segments, confectionery and salty snacks, and, you know, those are two distinct parts of that snacking mega segment that you might have shown in a chart years ago in a past Analyst Day. You don't say sweets versus salty, for example, you know, capturing even more of that. Does that mean that for the foreseeable future, those are the two segments that they're gonna be the company's focus? If you just kind of roll back the clock, just how did we get here that salty is the best adjacent category for Hershey? Certainly if you look at our business, these are the largest two areas of our business today, and thus from a reporting perspective, you know, is exactly where we went to how we segment the business. You know, and as you look at some of the bets we've placed, I think some of the, you know, larger assets, at least on the scale of the acquisitions we're doing, do tend to be available there. We've tended to like many of the assets we've seen and the growth there. That had always been in our, you know, eyes early on, was that the two incremental areas of incrementality for us beyond confection that we were most excited about were salty snacking and better for you overall. I remember years ago they didn't always go great with some of the adjacent category acquisitions, and there was some talk, you know, that you didn't have the, that going into another aisle wasn't always easy. Could you talk about the capability building that you've done in parallel for these growth brands that you've acquired that look like they have fantastic momentum, but in terms of the internal workings, what have you done to really make sure that you're gonna give this the best growth possible in terms of the salty snack area? I'll pass it on. Thanks. Yeah. Certainly I think if we think about winning in the store, we've built some scale in the warehouse-delivered snack general space. From an in-store perspective, that's been a key area of focus. I guess I'd go back to really some of my earlier comments around M&A and where we've really built the best capabilities. I think we got very tight about what an asset needs to look like in order for us to, for it to be attractive for us and be a good fit for us. That's about it has to start to be, obviously, after identifying the two areas of incremental opportunity, it has to be significant scale or $100 million and above and have strong gross margins because that lets us build the brand. Go for brands that have very strong repeat, which signifies that they have got a loyal consumer base, and there's a there there that we can build from, awareness with consumers through advertising, and we can increase distribution and availability. Make sure that we've got a good solid supply chain plan because our whole goal is gonna be about growth, and we have to be lined up to do that. Then really given it was a focus, building our talent and our capabilities and our interworkings and our process. We've spent a lot of time on that and getting much more robust in terms of the talent that we're applying in these spaces, accountability and ownership across the enterprise, both with our M&A team, with the commercial units that are picking this up, and building a lot of muscle and due diligence. I think, you know, and every piece of that, whether it's legal, whether it is analyzing the business. I think all of those things have been key. Great. Thank you very much. Our next question is from Steve Powers with Deutsche Bank. Please proceed with your question. Yes, thanks and good morning. Going back and just to round out the conversation you were having with Jason and others earlier around volume, is what you're saying that you expect volume in terms of consumption and consumer takeaway to perhaps trend negative year-over-year given elasticities, but that you think your own shipments, you know, can remain flat to up given the dynamics that Steve talked about with respect to the seasonal activity and the inventory rebuild? Is that the read or am I misinterpreting? No, you've got it. That's exactly right. Okay, great. And then, if we could, just because we're kind of getting a first look at the salty snacks business kind of stand alone, can we just drill down there maybe and talk a little bit about how you expect that business to shake out price versus volume, maybe margin progression wise in 2022? Just, you know, I don't know anything to call out there as we think about that business standalone. Yeah. Like the other parts of our business, you know, we look at both price and volume. Volume is very strong right now on SkinnyPop, Pirate's Booty, and Dot's. In some ways, we're facing the same challenges that we have on the confection business is we need capacity and trying to solve for capacity to continue to unlock the volume momentum that we're seeing. That's probably, I'd say, one of the biggest issues just like it is for the confection business right now. Price also plays a role. Okay, thanks. Our next question is from Rob Dickerson with Jefferies. Please proceed with your question. Great. Thanks so much. Just have another question on the salty snack side. Maybe it's a bit longer term strategic. You know, Michele, obviously, I realize, you know, business doing very well, growth is excellent. Right? Demand, we're seeing some of your top brands in the segment is very strong. But it's still obviously very small piece of your total company, total portfolio, and the margins are still a bit, you know, obviously lower than your much higher scaled confection business. You know, if you think forward a few years, you know, is there an argument to be made that maybe there can be some kind of overall margin, you know, progression up, for Hershey, you know, but that would likely be driven by that salty snack area, just given increased scale, attention, media spend, what have you. I also kind of ask this in the context of kind of where your total company operating margin has been over the prior, call it seven years. Thanks. Yeah. I mean, we see a lot of opportunity in front of us. As you mentioned, we are, you know, we have been building scale. So you could say that we are subscale, but we see tremendous opportunity for efficiencies and synergies as we integrate and gain scale. As we've taken on these businesses, for us, job one, you know, these are growth businesses. We bought them to accelerate our growth and to participate in high growth segments that were very appealing to consumers. First and foremost, we wanted to go after that. Then as you know, it takes some time to get to the right ultimate structure, the right phase of integration and really build towards that efficiency. We're in the middle of that right now. It'll take us a few more years. You know, you see the growth rates from a top line perspective, and a lot of the work that we're doing on the operating model and on the supply chain network are intended for us to drive up the margins to, you know, to take advantage of the synergy that we think exists. Okay. Fair enough. Just quickly, you know, obviously, you know, we're close to Valentine's Day, smaller holiday for you. Easter is forthcoming and usually large. You know, if we just think year-over-year, you know, I guess, like, just any perspective color in terms of demand you kind of feel so far with conversations with retailers relative to last year, which was obviously strong. Like, are there, you know, material differentiating factors, you know, in how you would, you know, actually provide supply for that season, you know, versus last year where demand was already high and you did well and had decent supply? That's it. Thanks. We're feeling good about both seasons. We see both of them being up versus prior year. We know that for us, we had record sell-throughs throughout the seasons, and that always leads to a strong season for us the next season. Also it's a bit of a longer Easter season, and that bodes well for us as well. We're focused on, you know, working really closely with our retailers to get them the product that they're looking for, but we are anticipating that we'll be able to see growth on both those seasons. All right, super. Thanks so much. Our next question is from Jonathan Feeney with Consumer Edge. Please proceed with your question. Thanks so much for taking my question. With so many companies really struggling to take pricing, and I measure that in terms of not so much the level of pricing, but the adjusted gross margin compared with the apparent elasticity, which in your case, your gross margin trend year-over-year at negative 40 basis points is all-world and the elasticity is limited. What specifically is it, do you think, about your categories, your company execution, your corporate mindset that has allowed you to you know communicate and execute this pricing you know better than peers in the rest of the industry? I'd just love to hear your perspective on that because I know you've invested a lot in the kind of capabilities, not just now, but I mean, that's been a buzzword for Hershey for years, as far as just understanding, you know, what the data is telling you about your ability to price. I mean, is it that? I mean, is it the people? What is it? I mean, I'll take a crack at a few things. First of all, I think that we all believe that at the root of that is having great brands that consumers see the value in, right? It's about the consumer value proposition. It's one of the reasons that over the years we've been such strong believers in investing in our brands. Because the more we invest, the greater awareness, the greater connectivity consumers have. With that connectivity, you know, they're more connected to the brand. They don't want to switch to another brand. I think, you know, I would say fundamentally, I think that's one key thing that's an advantage for us. Secondly, I mean, we have had great analytics over the years. We've always had a big focus on our elasticity models. You know that over time, we've always focused on, you know, pricing pretty aggressively as one of the tools in our toolkit to deliver our P&L and to deliver our business. I think we've just continued to try and take that capability to the next level all the time as we've broadened it to, okay, we can get the insights on pricing in our category. We started to look at cross-category price elasticity, so we could understand any trade-offs that could occur between our category and other categories. We started to invest in price pack architecture and look at how can we generate price realization without a list price by changing the game. I guess I'd say to me at the heart of it are those things, and I wouldn't underestimate as well the trusting relationships we have with our retailers. We've always taken up an approach of looking out for what's best for the category, not being so self-serving. I think our retailers appreciate that and, you know, work really hard with us to get to the right outcomes because of that. Helpful. Thank you. Our next question is from Pamela Kaufman with Morgan Stanley. Please proceed with your question. Hi, good morning. Good morning. I wanted to see if you can elaborate on what level of pricing growth is embedded into your guidance for 2022. In terms of demand elasticity, it seems you experienced some elasticity in confectionery, but this wasn't as evident in snacks. Do you have different expectations for demand elasticity within snacks versus salty snacks versus confectionery? How will pricing growth vary across the North America segments? I'll take the first one. You know, overall pricing that we've assumed in the plan is 5%-6%. In terms of the difference with the salty snacks business, really not a big difference from an elasticity standpoint, as the way we look at that and plan for that. Those two are pretty similar. The last question I might have missed. Was there a third one? Or is that it? Okay. That was it. Then, thank you for that. On media spend, can you elaborate on what your plans are for media investment in 2022? Do you expect it to increase? I know you mentioned that it'll be stronger in the back half of the year, but how should we think about it overall? What are some of the key initiatives there? Our dollars will be up slightly for the year in media. More of the increase will come towards the back part of the year as we're in a better, you know, increasingly better supply position. There aren't really a lot of big changes fundamentally in terms of how we're advertising. You know, we do a significant portion of our spending that is in digital like we have been for many years. There's not a big shift in how we're spending the dollars. Great. Thank you. That's helpful. Our next question is from John Baumgartner with Mizuho. Please proceed with your question. Good morning. Thanks for the question. Good morning. Just kind of building on, you know, coming back to Jonathan Feeney's question, in your areas of focus and, you know, sort of differentiation. Can you, Michele, speak to where you feel you are right now on the distribution side? You had quite a bit of success these last few years in terms of gaining front-end displays, modernizing the middle of the store and the packaging there, you know, the self-checkouts. I mean, at this point, you know, where is your focus regarding those efforts for 2022 and beyond? I mean, you know, where are the opportunities that remain for TDPs and distribution and quality placements from here? Thank you. I think some of the areas of focus for us going forward, self-checkout, queuing lines are a big area of focus. Right now we're seeing a lot of retailers, given some of the pressure on labor, focusing there. The other big area and push for us is in what I would call nontraditional channels. We have over the years kind of started distribution in areas like home improvement stores, and as our products have done well there, it then gives us the opportunity to expand from having some instant consumable items to putting our take-home portfolio to even putting seasonal during those specific times. Those are the biggest opportunities for focus in 2022. I guess related, you know, thinking about distribution internationally, whether it's Brazil, India, Mexico, you've been expanding distribution there as well. How do you think about the opportunities, whether it's traditional trade, modern trade, you know, what's sort of driving that? Is there a way to think about either an ACV penetration or total outlet penetration? How much opportunity there is left as you think about sort of reframing international growth going forward? Well, you know, our businesses in most of the international markets, you know, set aside Canada, where we're very developed, you know, we continue to have distribution opportunities. If I looked at Mexico, I would say, yeah, traditional trade is an untapped and, you know, an area of opportunity going forward. If I look at the other markets in which we do business, you know, the bulk of the business in India is traditional trade. You know, there, I would call it more just getting broad distribution is the opportunity and building scale, continuing to build scale in areas like Brazil. You know, Western Europe, we've had a lot of strength just in getting our brands in distribution across the board in modern trade, you know, in the regular trade there. Great success with Reese's. We're seeing growth in a lot of other countries through our export model, which is really just a distributor model where we get our products on shelf. Again, a lot of that is in either Western Europe or parts of EMEA. Great. Thanks, Michele. Thanks for your time. Sure. We have reached the end of the question-and-answer session, and I will now turn the call over to Melissa Poole for closing remarks. Thank you so much for joining us this morning. I'll be available throughout the day for any additional questions you may have. Have a great day.