Greetings, welcome to The Hershey Company's second quarter 2023 question and answer session. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I'd now like to turn the call over to your host, Ms. Melissa Poole, Vice President of Investor Relations for The Hershey Company. Thank you. You may begin. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us today for The Hershey Company's second quarter 2023 earnings Q&A session. I hope everyone has had the chance to read our press release and listen to our prerecorded management remarks, both of which are available on our website. In addition, we have posted a transcript of the prerecorded remarks. At the conclusion of today's live Q&A session, we will also post a transcript and audio replay of this call. Please note that during today's Q&A session, we may make forward-looking statements that are subject to various risks and uncertainties. These statements include expectations and assumptions regarding the company's future operations and financial performance. Actual results could differ materially from those projected. The company undertakes no obligation to update these statements based on subsequent events. A detailed listing of such risks and uncertainties can be found in today's press release and the company's SEC filings. Finally, please note, we may refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures that we believe will provide useful information for investors. The presentation of this information is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. Reconciliations to the GAAP results are included in this morning's press release. Joining me today are Hershey's Chairman and CEO, Michele Buck, and Hershey's Senior Vice President and CFO, Steve Voskuil. With that, I will turn it over to the operator for the first question. Thank you. We will now be conducting a question-and-answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. The confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you would like to remove your question from the queue. One moment, please, while we poll for your questions. Our first question comes from the line of Andrew Lazar with Barclays. Please proceed with your questions. Great. Thanks so much, and good morning, everybody. Good morning. Morning. I want to ask a bit about the pricing versus volume commentary regarding the full year sales growth outlook. In the comments, sounds like you expect price to be a bit better in the second half and maybe volume is a bit worse than originally planned. Just two questions on this. First, how do we think about the balance between the two in the second half, and could volume be down year-over-year in two H? More specifically on volume, is the weaker than anticipated volume fully due to just the new pricing actions, or are you reflecting a tougher consumer or competitive environment in that outlook, or both? Thanks so much. Yeah, I'm happy to take that one, Andrew. Your math is right. That's the way we're looking at it. The price piece, it really is driven by, or the volume, in fact, really is driven by the extra price impact, as we look at the back half. As we look at volume in the back half, yes, year-over-year, we expect it to be down, but it really is price driven. There's probably a very small portion attributable to the salty misstep in Q2, but the vast majority is just the reaction to price. Great. Thanks so much. I'll pass it on. Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Bryan Spillane with Bank of America. Please proceed with your questions. Bryan, could you check if you're self-muted, please? All right, let's come back to Bryan. Okay. Our next question comes from the line of Ken Goldman with JP Morgan. Please proceed with your questions. Hi, thanks so much. You know, you've done a great job, obviously, implementing pricing to offset inflation, but, you know, cocoa and sugar are up a lot more. Is it reasonable to think that you're maybe considering another list price increase? You know, at what point do you start to ask how high is too high? How do you think about elasticity in the consumer in that environment? Just wanted to get a sense for, you know, kind of the puts and takes as you think about how to deal with and manage maybe, you know, what continues to be an inflationary environment for you. Sure. I mean, you're right, cocoa and sugar are historically high. I think I saw a news article this morning talking about cocoa being at a 12-year high on the New York Exchange. The good news is, you know, we've got experience managing through commodity rushes up and down. As we talked about in the past, as we look at dealing with that, you know, price is a lever, it's not the only lever. We look at driving more productivity, driving efficiency through other parts of the PNL, and in general, driving revenue management is part of our ongoing strategy, all the usual levers will be applied. As I said, it's not the first time we've had to deal with something like this, we're pretty good at being able to navigate. You're right, we're not going to get more specific than that, at this stage. Thank you. Just on the comment about increased competitive, I guess, innovation in confectionery in North America, you know, how incremental is the innovation that you're seeing? Any real surprises in there versus your prior expectations? You know, it's been such a, I don't want to say benign, competitive environment because obviously you have some, you know, tough players in the market, but is it getting more intense than what you would have expected, I guess, is what I'm going for there? I would say, you know, the innovation is up off of a relatively low base. It, you know, it's having an impact based on that. I think, many folks have been focused, certainly we've been focused a lot on execution and meeting demand for the past few years and focused on the core, with innovation not playing as big of a role. I think now we're just seeing competitors in the marketplace start to dial up the innovation more back to historic levels. As we go forward, that's certainly an area that we're going to be focused on as we are continuing to increase capacity at the same time. Thank you. Thank you. Our next question has come from the line of Max Gumport with BNP Paribas. Please proceed with your questions. Hey, thanks for the question. With regard to the increased chocolate capacity this year and the additional co-manufacturing capacity secured in sweets for next year, is there any way you can help us dimensionalize how sizable those capacity increases are? Just as we try to get a sense for how impactful these additions could be for volumes in the second half and also in 2024. Thank you. Yeah, we're I think we've said in the past that if you took a look at the capacity that we have coming online this year, that's already gone into place and then what's coming in the back half, and look kind of year-over-year, you're in somewhere in the 5% range of the incremental capacity across chocolate and sweets. Great. Thanks very much. You bet. Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Michael Lavery with Piper Sandler. Please proceed with your questions. Thank you. Good morning. Good morning. Good morning. You've got the integration in salty snacks and the transition to SAP that you've been talking about, and those never seem to be totally smooth or easy. You mentioned there's some hiccups that you've seen, but can you just maybe give a little sense of what those look like in a little more detail, and specifically with an eye on just having a sense of what's to come? You know, what have you learned and how confident are you that the rest of the year can avoid some of those hiccups or, you know, just be even smoother still? Yeah, I mean, I would say overall, certainly one of our key focuses as we planned for this year was that at the enterprise level, really focusing on the stellar execution. We planned the business in a way to assume that we would be trying to front-load performance, knowing that, you know, there are always hiccups in the execution. In Q4, we do expect to see volumes be down, and we put that in our plans. The teams are all over it. It is a focused effort, not just within IT, but across every functional area of the salty business. So far, we've been, you know, doing pretty well on salty, with household penetration, growing repeat frequency, strong sales. You know, we did have the promotional shift into Q3, and we feel good about being able to execute that, but we feel like we're well geared up to be able to, to execute that. That said, we certainly do believe that there will be volatility in the back half of the year with the ups and downs of S4. Okay, that's helpful. Just back to pricing, yeah, you've got delays in some of the, you know, timing between the announcement and implementation, and then seasons, of course, are, have a staggered effect. With just some of the maybe layers to it, can you give a sense of just what you've announced already or put in place already, has as an impact on 2024? It looks like at least a low single digit, maybe, my math guesses or, you know, estimates close to it, 3 points you might already have in hand. Is that about right, or what are some of the moving parts? Just so we have a little bit further look ahead of what's already put in place. We have high single digits in the second half of this year, and as we look to 2024, low single digits pricing. Just to clarify, that's without any other... That would be before there's anything else that might still be to come, right? That's what we've announced. Perfect. Thanks so much. Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Pamela Kaufman with Morgan Stanley. Please proceed with your questions. Good morning. Good morning. Good morning. Your advertising spend was up 15% this quarter, which is an acceleration from Q1. Given the better-than-expected performance and growth margins for the year and what you're seeing in the competitive and demand environment, are there any changes to your plans for marketing spend for this year relative to before? No, no fundamental changes. You know, we had expected this year to be a year to invest in brands. Again, as we have capacity coming online and you know, leaning into seasons, especially as we get to the back half, a significant increase in brand investment was planned, and we're executing to that plan. As mentioned, we were, you know, working to really front-load more of our salty planning because of S4. Our plans accounted for that as well. Then just in the prepared remarks, there are comments about some private label launches in your salty snacks categories. You're generally in categories that face very little private label competition, but considering the launches that you alluded to, just curious to hear how you're thinking about managing private label competition in your categories, and how you're addressing it. Certainly there is a bit more private label in salty than in CMG. We've continued to see that while private label has ticked up a bit, our brands have continued to remain quite strong and do incredibly well. As we look at private label, even within the confection category, while there has been increased activity there, it's remained a very small part of the category, less than 3%, and the entries we've seen in the marketplace this year are still relatively small. We don't take our leadership for granted. We certainly, you know, continue to invest in our brands to make sure that our propositions are strong, but we feel very well about how we're competing right now in the marketplace on that. Thank you. Thank you. Our next questions come from the line of Nik Modi with RBC Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question. Yeah, thank you. Good morning, everyone. Michelle, good morning. I was hoping you could just kind of address, you know, the Halloween, you know, season as it relates to some of your competitors are still struggling with supply chain and have cut back their orders. I'm just curious, you know, how can you take advantage of this? Do you have visibility at this point in terms of maybe securing some of that, you know, missed opportunity by some of your competitors? Just wanted to get some clarity on how you think about that as it relates to the third quarter. Yes, we are expecting a very strong Halloween. We know that customers are planning big displays, and we are certainly participating in that, and as well have strong marketing support to consumers planned as well. We have certainly taken an approach of leaning into Halloween. We feel good that there will be plenty of candy out there. Feeling good about that. As we look at overall in the back half as it relates to market share, you know, we think that there'll be a stable approach overall, but, you know, some pressure on every day, despite some of our strengths around the seasons. Great. Then if I could just clarify, you know, in terms of the execution issues and salty snacks, what exactly happened? You talked about systems changeover. Can you just provide the details on exactly, like, what the problem was? Yeah, I mean, I'd say two key things. One is we had some promotions that we had planned to occur in Q2 that shifted to Q3, and then we have had some just basic issues as we've been bringing together all of those businesses that you would expect during a transition like that around sales and commercial and supply chain execution. Things just weren't as connected as they needed to be. We feel very good that the team is on it and focused on it, and execution is something that we tend to do very well, we have a lot of confidence in our ability to focus and get that back around. You know, that said, of course, the back half of the year, as we've mentioned, is gonna have a lot of volatility that's really tied to S4 as we build inventory and then, you know, work through the implementation and anticipate that we'll have later sales in the fourth quarter as a result of that. We have confidence in our ability to fix the execution. Great. Thanks so much. I'll pass it on. Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Alexia Howard with Bernstein. Please proceed with your questions. Good morning, everyone. Can I ask, first of all, about market share trends in U.S. chocolate? It sounds as though capacity constraints and other issues have caused some of those declines. Do you have a view as to when those market share trends should start to improve and turn positive again? We expect to continue to see pressure in the back half of the year. We believe that we'll start to see some improvement, but there are a couple things that are really impacting share. One certainly is around category mix, with refreshment and sweets being stronger than we had anticipated. Chocolate should improve, and we are focused on, you know, increasing our level of innovation to be even more competitive, and we'll be in a better position to do that as we continue to have more capacity come online. Great. We added increments in re- Yeah. Go ahead. I'm sorry, no. I was gonna say, moving on to salty snacks. You talked about a double-digit decline, I think, in the fourth quarter because of the transformation. Is that choppiness expected to persist into 2024? No- No. Not at this stage. You know, really, it's just the Q3 will be getting ready and building inventory for the switchover. Q4 will be the switchover and the recovery. By the time we get to the first quarter, we'd expect to be back on a back or very close to a regular glide path. Yeah. Great. Thank you very much. I'll pass it on. You bet. Thank you. Our next questions come from the line of Matt Smith with Stifel. Please proceed with your question. Hi, good morning. Steve, I wanted to dig in a little bit on gross margin. You had a really solid first half with margin expansion up near 100 basis points, you again increased the margin expectations for the year. Could you talk about the drivers of margin expansion relative to your initial expectations, and what's weighing on the expansion in the second half relative to the performance in the first half? Is that tougher comparisons in relation to the balance of pricing and inflation, or are there other factors at play, like increased promotion? Sure. Yeah, we're pleased with the gross margin performance through the first half. You know, we've had a few things I think that have broken our way. You know, we've seen less inflation in things like packaging and logistics and even some material costs. Our productivity progress has been strong. I think feel really good about where we're at the mid-year mark on productivity. Of course, we've had, you know, pricing drop through. All of that, those have worked in our favor and will continue to some degree as we go to the back half. Though, as you look at the back half, you know, taking the volume impact, we're gonna have some more fixed cost absorption impact that will be a little bit of a weight. Again, we've got hedging against commodities, but still from a, a year-over-year and, you know, beginning of the year, end of year perspective, we still have a bit more cost for some of the inflationary commodities, cocoa and sugar, smaller weights, and again, smoothed out by hedging, but still some impact. Those are probably the two biggest drags as we look to the back half, but again, overall, still feel confident taking our guidance up, and, the team's doing a nice job managing the cost side. Thank you for that. Just as a follow-up, if I understood what you were saying, about the second half, there should be a nice gross margin benefit in the third quarter as you build inventory with retailers ahead of the cutover in salty snacks. Is that right? Yeah, we'll get some benefit. Salty is not the biggest business, but we will get some absorption benefit as we build inventory in salty. Yep. Okay, thank you for that. I'll pass it on. Thank you. Thank you. Our next question has come from the line of Cody Ross with UBS. Please proceed with your questions. Good morning. Thank you for taking our questions. A couple housekeeping ones and then a longer-term one in nature. First one, I think you spoke about inventory headwinds in the quarter. I think they were lapping the inventory replenishment last year and the pull forward of sales into 1Q from 2Q. Is that correct? If so, can you quantify each one for us? It is correct. In terms of breaking out the pieces, there's about 300 basis points we attribute to the lap and about 150 basis point shift relative to Q1, you know, order of magnitude. Great, thank you. Other housekeeping question. Just as far as the 4Q, I think you guys said that, sales should be down double digits in the salty business due to the ERP implementation. Can you just quantify that for us or give us an expectation for magnitude? Then just one last one. In terms of dollars or? Yeah, the dollars that you're expecting from the implementation. Yeah, it's a double-digit decline, so we're not gonna go any more specific than that. Understood. Last question, just on the competitive environment. There's been a lot of news in the headlines lately about private label and other branded better competitors becoming more competitive. What are you seeing in the competitive environment? I know you said you've seen branded players pick up more innovation. Besides that, are you seeing any step up in promotions, and what's kind of your expectation going forward? Thank you. Yeah, I mean, I'd say, you know, the categories that we are in have always been very competitive, but the good thing is we have rational competitors. What we're seeing overall, I'd say, is pretty consistent with what we've seen historically. You know, we have seen some higher levels of innovation as supply chains have gotten stronger and people have been able to support innovation. We have seen some increases in private label, I think, with the economic environment, in both confection and in salty. Frankly, the results of those entries have been somewhat mixed, and certainly our brands have held up really well. We continue to focus on driving sustainable, profitable growth. You know, as it relates to confection and promotional activity, display has always been important for that impulse-driven category. We didn't see as much of the change in promotion as perhaps some other categories have seen. That's been much more stable for us, and we anticipate will continue to going forward. We'll continue to invest, you know, it robustly to drive our brands, with innovation, marketing support, what we think is the right level of promotion. Great. Thank you very much. I'll pass it on. Thank you. Our next question has come from the line of Jason English with Goldman Sachs. Please proceed with your questions. Hey, folks. Good morning. Thanks for slotting me in. Good morning. Couple questions. First, on salty snacks, promotion shift, it seems odd. Usually, promotions are locked in well in advance of retailers. Was this an issue of you actually not having a promotion you were planning for, like a misalignment with your sales and finance functions, or did a retailer actually cancel activity on you? Yep. Yeah, retailers did not cancel activity on us, but it was really our choice to move a promotion. That piece is that. Relative to our broader execution issues, you know, we had some temporary out-of-stocks. We go to market differently with Dots than we do with SkinnyPop, and the team quickly adjusted, and we've seen our service levels improve. We don't expect to see that kind of impact in the second half. Okay, you canceled promotional activity on your retailer. Is that because of supply constraints or what drove that decision? No, we really shifted to invest in a promotion in the third quarter that we thought made a lot of sense in advance of S4. It was a big opportunity for us. Okay, switching gears, kind of coming back to Ken Goldman's line of questioning earlier and a couple other lines of questioning on competitive activity. Your release has a tremendous amount of focus on market share, and rather than driving category growth. We've seen the category actually weaken quite a bit in recent data. It's a two-part question. First, what do you attribute the accelerating volume declines in chocolate confection to be driven by? Second, are you inciting your organization on share? Assuming you are, based on the heavy emphasis in the release of prepared comments, how do you manage the risk of us getting back to where we were five, six, seven years ago, where it was sort of always duking it out, promoting away value in the category, rather than what, what has been a much more, I would say, constructive, competitive environment seen over the last 2 years? Yeah, well, you know, as we look at the category, certainly we've had significant pricing in the category. You know, 20% price and, you know, over time, we should see some moderation, and the volume decline should moderate as well. Certainly, price has played a factor. I would say we are always focused on driving the category as well as market share, because being the category leader, we know if we drive the category, we stand to have some of the greatest benefits. We certainly don't approach this as duking it out, but rather how do we continue to connect with consumers and partner with our retail customers to maximize what's going to be best to drive the overall business and category? We've got a lot more tools, and sophistication today to look at the ROIs for how we're deploying things like promotion. There's no intent to get into an arms race of, you know, bad returning investments like that. We want to win with innovation, which we talked about in the remarks, not just spending. Yeah, I think, Jason, if it helps a little too, you know, we had the past, call it two months or so, multiple price increases, about three different price increases hitting retail at the same time, which is kind of what drove that 20% Michelle mentioned. As kind of some that we were at the tail end of lapping some and some new ones were going in. We would expect that pricing number to come down and, with that, the volume declines to moderate as well. In the next couple of months, we would expect that to normalize a bit. Okay, I'm going to cheat with one quick follow-up related to that question. To my point on how are you incenting your organization, your sales force in particular, is market share a component to the bonus, or is it just deliver the revenue? Yeah, today, market share is not a component of most bonuses. It's about delivering the revenue. We have other metrics around quality of delivery and how it's delivered. Sales activity-based margins. Correct you know, enable a balance between sales and profitable sales. Yeah, that's right. Got it. That is helpful. Thank you very much. I'll pass it on. Okay. Thank you. Our next question has come from the line of Connor Rattigan with Consumer Edge Research. Please proceed with your questions. Good morning, thanks for the question. I guess, as we think about the pricing environment and increasing elasticity going forward, should we view some newfound capacity as just meeting existing underlying demand, or is there, maybe an opportunity to allocate some of that newfound capacity to take advantage of some strategic revenue management opportunities, such as package resizing or bar weights to drive net price realization going forward? We've been very focused on strategic revenue management and pack price architecture on both confection and the salty categories. You know, I think a few years ago, we talked about evolving our pricing approach from just list pricing to how we look more holistically at strategic pricing. And in these categories in particular, it's a big opportunity. We continue to focus there on confection and on salty. It's certainly something that, as we acquired these businesses, was a real underdeveloped area of opportunity. Great. Thank you. I'll pass it on. Thank you. Our next question has come from the line of Rob Dickerson with Jefferies. Please proceed with your question. Great. Thanks so much. Just have two questions. I just want to circle back to the, some of the comments you made, Steve, just on cocoa and sugar inflation. I kind of asked, sounds like, you know, there clearly are other offsets, besides pricing, that you can enact to kind of help alleviate or let's say, soften some of that pressure over the next 2 years, given your hedging schedule. You know, clearly, the cocoa has also inflated, you know, fairly materially over the past few months. I'm just curious, like, when I try to combine the comments from the offsets, but then the comments, I think, in the prepared remarks about potential more promotional activity next year, then all the pricing you've taken is like, do you feel like you're kind of reaching this point such that, you know, maybe market share is a little softer, maybe that's driven by capacity is coming online, or maybe you need to promote, but also maybe you kind of have hit certain price points that you have to be, like, very careful with at this point on the everyday side of the business, and maybe you don't really want to take more pricing, but, you know, if you hadn't, you would? I'm just trying to get a sense as to, like, why you wouldn't want to basically take a little bit more given where the input cost complex is. Thanks. Yeah. I mean, we'll take Those are all the kind of considerations that we look at when we think about, you know, 2024 and beyond. Again, we look at the whole PNL, we look at market share, we look at what competition is doing, and clearly, we look at commodities and where we think they're headed. I don't want to get more specific on the construct of the 2024 plan, but, you know, those are the kind of things we'll consider. Again, we've navigated this before. We've got a lot of levers at our disposal. Pricing revenue is just one of those levers. It'll be interesting to see what happens in the cocoa sugar market. I do think, again, those cases are still a lot of speculation. Again, our hedging strategy gives us an element of smoothing and protection to a degree there, but we'll be watching to see how these markets hold up because they are at pretty high levels, atypically, and it's not, you know, driven by fundamentals to a large degree. Okay, fair enough. Then just quickly, you know, the comment on, you know, Halloween should be very strong. Michelle, you said, you know, there'll be plenty of candy, but it sounds like Halloween seasonal sales expect to be up double-digit. I'm just curious, you know, like, why do you think Halloween will be so strong this year? Number one, and then number two, I think last year you did have some benefit from early shipments. I just want to make sure there aren't, like, earlier shipments coming. That's it. Thanks so much. Sure. You know, we get a lot of visibility to the seasons because we plan with customers in advance relative to needing to build inventory for the season. We have a lot of good visibility in terms of what is being bought, and we have very strong programs to drive sell-through. That gives us a lot of confidence. We know that during, you know, difficult economic times, consumers are particularly interested in enjoying kind of the simple things in life, like these seasons, like Halloween. That's another kind of tailwind of focus relative to our conviction and why I think we and our customer partners really wanna lean into Halloween. Okay, fair enough. On the shipment side, doesn't sound like there's any delta there relative to the year ago? No. No. All right. Super. Thank you. You bet. Thank you. Our next question has come from the line of Chris Carey with Wells Fargo Securities. Please proceed with your questions. Hi, good morning, everyone. Good morning. Good morning. just a question, kind of clarification around salty. We've seen some, yeah, deceleration in consumption, you know, namely volume in recent scanner data. And I'm just trying to understand, and apologies if this has kind of been addressed, you know, in some form, but just to clarify, you know, was any of that because of lack of supply, because of a shift in promotional programs? You know, said another way, as supply ramps in Q3, sounds like there's some shift in promotional programs. Would you expect the consumption trend? I, you know, I realize what you're saying about your, your, your reported results in Q3 and Q4, but would you expect consumption trends to pick up, or is what we're seeing, you know, perhaps more indicative of underlying demand? I just want to maybe understand how you think about, you know, the balance of those things. Yep. Promotional declines did drive that deceleration, and yes, we do expect that to pick up in Q3 going forward. Okay. That's simple enough. Thanks so much. Thank you. Thank you. Our next question has come from the line of Bryan Spillane with Bank of America. Please proceed with your questions. Thanks, operator. Hey, good morning, guys. Good morning. Two quick ones for me. One, just to follow up on elasticity and another one on capital allocation. First, on elasticity, Michelle, is there any pronounced differences across channels? I guess small format, immediate consumption versus, you know, large box. Just anything there to call out in terms of where if there's any differences in terms of elasticity across those channels or consumption occasions? I don't think that we've seen anything significant across channels, no. Okay. Then, Steve, just on capital allocation, noticed the, the dividend increase of 15%, and that obviously, you know, makes the dividend more competitive, I guess, with, with interest rates going up. Just, can you remind us, you know, again, as we kind of think over the next couple of years and as capital spending normalizes, and again, you know, assuming that there's not some major, you know, strategic event that, that would affect the balance sheet, just how you're thinking about capital allocation and returning cash to shareholders going forward. You know, again, would it, would it be more dividends? Would share repurchases become more pronounced piece? Just, just kind of how you're thinking about that, you know, as, as we think about it over the next couple of years, would be helpful. Thanks. Sure. Yeah, I'd be happy to. You know, no fundamental changes in our capital allocation philosophy that we talked about back at the investor conference. It is a great dividend increase. When you look at that and you look at our targets for payout ratio and so on, we're still, even with this increase, a little bit behind where we'd like to be and where we've been historically. That just reflects the great earnings progress over the last few years. Pleased with the 15% increase. You're right, as we look forward, as capital spending moderates off some of the really high spending we've had here recently, we're gonna look for other ways to be thoughtful with the capital and returning cash to shareholders through repurchases, for example, is our stopgap when we don't have better returning alternatives. So that's not gonna change. Okay, thank you. You bet. Thank you. Our next question has come from the line of Robert Moskow with TD Cowen. Please proceed with your questions. Hey, thank you for the question. Similar to Bryan about elasticity, but slightly different. I wanna know if you've seen any differences in elasticity within the portfolio, like multi-serve bags versus single-serve, especially heading into Halloween. You know, some of those bags can cost $20-$25 at retail. Have you seen any observations in consumer behavior about just the absolute price points affecting demand? Nothing material relative to the pack size piece. I mean, what we have tended to see over time is seasons tend to perform better, to be less elastic, and I think that's just the nature of people are going to participate. That's the biggest difference that we see. Okay. No real change in, like, single-serve, demand affected by traffic or just the absolute price point of the bars getting up there? No. Okay. Well, I've not seen that. Thank you. Thank you. Our next question has come from the line of David Palmer with Evercore ISI. Please proceed with your questions. Hi, thanks. At your Analyst Day, you provided guidance of North America Confectionery organic sales in the low single digits, including flattish volume. Could you remind us again of the drivers to sustain that sales growth with low single digit pricing and flat volume, as perhaps competition returns in a more fulsome manner? Thanks so much. Yeah, I would say nothing fundamental, changing in that algorithm and the way we think about the sources of growth for US Confection or the rest of the business. I mean, we always expect it to be a competitive category over time. You know, we're looking at it the same way. There's nothing that's happening, you know, this quarter or even for the balance of this year, that we think fundamentally changes any of that. Thanks very much. Yeah. Thank you. I'm showing no further questions in the queue at this time. I'd like to hand the call back over to Ms. Melissa Poole for any closing comments. Yeah, thanks so much for joining us this morning. I know it was a particularly busy morning of earnings, so thanks for all of the great questions, and look forward to catching up with you all later today for any outstanding ones you may have. Have a great day, everyone. Thank you. This does conclude today's teleconference. We appreciate your participation. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Enjoy the rest of your day.