Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Howmet Aerospace second quarter 2021 results. My name is Catherine, and I will be your operator for today. As a reminder, today's conference is being recorded for replay purposes. I would now like to turn the conference over to your host for today, Paul Luther, Vice President of Investor Relations. Please proceed. Thank you, Catherine. Good morning, and welcome to the Howmet Aerospace second quarter 2021 results conference call. I'm joined by John Plant, Executive Chairman and Co-Chief Executive Officer, Tolga Oal, Co-Chief Executive Officer, and Ken Giacobbe, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. After comments by John, Tolga, and Ken, we will have a question and answer session. I would like to remind you that today's discussion will contain forward-looking statements relating to future events and expectations. You can find factors that could cause the company's actual results to differ materially from those projections listed in today's presentation, in earnings press release, and in our most recent SEC filings. In addition, we've included some non-GAAP financial measures in our discussion. Reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures can be found in today's press release and in the appendix in today's presentation. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to John. Thanks, PT. Good morning and welcome to the second quarter call. I'll start with an overview of Howmet second quarter performance, then pass to Tolga, who'll talk more to our markets, and then Ken will provide further financial detail. I also plan to talk to ESG, and we'll do so in about once a year going forward, and then provide guidance and talk to guidance for the third quarter and the full year 2021. Let's move to slide number four. Let me start with some commentary on the second quarter, which was the first comparable quarter for Howmet post-separation, with no pro forma numbers. Revenue was $1.2 billion and in line with expectations, while EBITDA margin, and earnings per share exceeded our expectations. Adjusted EBITDA was $272 million, and adjusted EBITDA margin was on par with Q1 2021 and Q4 2020 at 22.8%, despite the addition of costs to prepare for the second half ramp up in commercial aerospace production. Earnings per share, excluding special items, was $0.22 and ahead of our expectations. Historically, the first half has been a cash outflow for the company. The increased operating performance focus of Howmet has led to improved margins, enhanced working capital control, and capital discipline, which generated $160 million of cash in the first half of the year. We expect continued cash generation in the third and fourth quarters. Year to date, we have reduced debt by approximately $835 million by completing the early redemption of the 2021 notes in Q1 and the 2022 notes in Q2 with cash on hand. These transactions reduced 2021 interest expense by approximately $28 million and approximately $47 million on an annual run rate basis. This helps with increased 2022 free cash flow. In the second quarter, we continued to return money to shareholders with the completion of a $200 million share buyback program. The weighted average acquisition price was $34.02 per share on approximately 5.9 million shares. The second quarter end cash balance was $716 million. Lastly, we continue to focus on reducing legacy liabilities. Year to date, we have reduced our pension and OPEB liabilities by approximately $160 million. Moreover, full-year pension and OPEB expense is expected to improve approximately 50% compared to last year. Now let's move to markets and performance on slide five. Q2 revenue was 5% less year-over-year and in line with our expectations. On a year-over-year basis, commercial aerospace was 31% less, driven by lower aircraft builds, spares, and the lingering effects of customer inventory corrections. Commercial aerospace continues to represent approximately 40% of total revenue compared to pre-COVID levels of 60%. The commercial aerospace decline is partially offset by our continued strength in other markets. The industrial gas turbine business continues to grow and was up 13% year-over-year, driven by new builds and spares. The commercial transportation business was up 89% year-over-year as it rebounds from customer shutdowns in Q2 of 2020. Truck demand remains strong as our customers manage through their own supply chain issues with several components which are in short supply. At the bottom of the slide, you can see the progress on price, cost reduction, margin expansion, and cash management. Price increases are up year-over-year and continue to be in line with expectations as they are tied to long-term agreements. Structural cost reductions are also in line with expectations, with the $37 million year-over-year benefit, which reflects the decisive actions we started in the second quarter of 2020 at the onset of the pandemic and continued through last year. Year-to-date structural cost reductions are $98 million, which have essentially achieved already our target of approximately $100 million. The aerospace decremental operating margins continue to be very good at only 19%, while the wheel segment had an incremental margin of 47%. EBITDA margin expanded by 310 basis points year-on-year, driven by price, variable cost flexing, and fixed cost reductions. The team delivered strong margin expansion despite a reduction in revenue. Capital expenditure was $36 million for the quarter and continues to be less than depreciation and amortization, resulting in a net source of cash. Lastly, free cash flow was $164 million for the quarter, resulting in a record first half. Now let's move to slide six. Adjusted EBITDA margin for the quarter was 22.8% and consistent with the last couple of quarters on approximately $43 million of less revenue. The margin results overcame both the effects of the low revenue and the costs of many additional employees to meet the increasing production demand coming in the third quarter. Q2 revenue at $1.2 billion was in line with expectations. You can see the benefit of our actions since the start of the pandemic in Q2, with a solid 310 basis points EBITDA margin expansion, while revenue is approximately $58 million less in the same period. Now let me hand it over to Tolga Oal to give an overview of the markets. Thank you, John. Please move to slide seven. Some more details about our year-over-year revenue performance. Second quarter revenue was 5% less, driven by commercial aerospace, which continues to represent approximately 40% of total revenue in the quarter. Commercial aerospace was 31% less year-over-year, in line with our projections, as expected inventory corrections continued. Defense aerospace was essentially flat in the second quarter, as we are on a diverse set of programs, with the Joint Strike Fighter being approximately 40% of the total defense business. Commercial transportation, which impacts both the Forged Wheels and the Fastening Systems segments, was up 89% year-over-year, as second quarter of last year was significantly impacted by customer shutdowns. Finally, the industrial and other markets, which is composed of IGT, oil and gas, and general industrial, was up 13%. IGT, which makes up approximately 45% of this market, continues to be strong and was up a healthy 13% year-over-year. I will now turn it over to Ken to give a more detailed view of the financials. Thank you, Tolga. Let's move to slide eight for the segment results. As expected, Engine Products year-over-year revenue was 7% less than the second quarter. Commercial aerospace was 17% less, driven by customer inventory corrections and reduced demand for spares. Commercial aerospace was partially offset by a year-over-year increase of 13% in IGT. The IGT business continues to be strong as demand for cleaner energy continues. Decremental margins for engines were 12% for the quarter as we hired back approximately 300 workers to prepare for the anticipated growth in the second half of this year. In the appendix of the presentation, we have provided a schedule which shows each segment's incremental or decremental margins for the quarter. Let's move to Fastening Systems on slide nine. As expected, Fastening Systems year-over-year revenue was 20% less in the second quarter. Commercial aerospace was 42% less. Like the Engine Products segment, we continue to experience inventory corrections in commercial aerospace. The industrial and commercial transportation markets within the Fastening Systems segment were both up approximately 45% year-over-year. Decremental margins for Fastening Systems were 31% for the second quarter, as segment operating profit margin was approximately 19%. Please move to slide 10 to review Engineered Structures. Engineered Structures year-over-year revenue was 30% less than the second quarter. Commercial aerospace was 45% less, driven by customer inventory corrections and production declines for the Boeing 787. Defense aerospace was relatively flat year-over-year. Decremental margins for Engineered Structures were 12% for the quarter. Lastly, please move to slide 11 for Forged Wheels. Forged Wheels revenue doubled year-over-year as last year's results were impacted by customer shutdowns. On a sequential basis, volumes were down approximately 7% due to customer supply chain issues. Reported revenue was essentially flat sequentially, driven by a 20% increase in aluminum prices. Although higher metal costs were passed through to customers to avoid a profit impact, you will see a reduction in EBITDA% resulting from the pass-through. Segment operating profit margin was approximately 27%, and year-over-year incremental margin was 47%. Improved margin was driven by continued cost management and maximizing production in low-cost countries. Please move to slide 12. We continue to focus on improving our capital structure and liquidity. In the first half of the year, we completed the early redemption of our 2021 and 2022 bonds with cash on hand. Gross debt stands at approximately $4.2 billion. All debt is unsecured, and the next maturity is in October of 2024. Finally, our $1 billion five-year revolving credit facility remains undrawn. Before turning it back to John to discuss ESG and 2021 guidance, I would like to point out that there's a slide in the appendix that it covers special items in the quarter. Special items for the second quarter were a net charge of approximately $22 million, mainly driven by the costs associated with the early redemption of the 2022 bonds completed in early May. Now, let me turn it back over to John. Thank you, Ken, and let's move to slide 13. Moving to ESG, I'd encourage you to read our sustainability report found at howmet.com in the investor section. For Howmet Aerospace, environmental, social, and governance is about generating meaningful change for a more sustainable future, improving our diversity and inclusion inside our company and in the communities in which we operate. Regarding employee safety, we are maintaining attention on safety through uncertain operational conditions presented by COVID-19. Total recordable incidents continue to be significantly better than the aerospace and defense industry average. For 2020, we had a 20% year-over-year improvement in rate to 0.71. Additionally, 84% of our locations worldwide went without a lost workday incident. This is a tremendous testament to the dedication and focus of our workforce. We continue to underscore the importance and power of diversity, equity, and inclusion in our company. We value the rich diversity of expertise, backgrounds, and viewpoints that fuel our innovation, and we are committed to improving diversity of employees at all levels. Recently, we were recognized by the 50/50 Women on Boards organization for our commitment to board diversity. In addition to gender diversity, we also partner with key external organizations, including the Human Rights Campaign, the National Hispanic Corporate Council, and Diversity Best Practices to review and continuously improve our initiatives. With respect to sustainability, nowhere is this more evident than in the products that we provide to our customers. Our proprietary technologies help reduce fuel consumption and cut carbon emissions, contributing to the aerospace industry's goal of a smaller carbon footprint. Five specific areas are at the bottom left of the slide. For commercial aerospace, next generation jet engine technology reduces fuel consumption by approximately 15%. Moreover, Howmet's increased content on composite aircraft of two times contributes to lightweighting solutions and reduces fuel use, as composite aircraft are approximately 20% more fuel efficient than comparable metallic aircraft. For Forged Wheels, Howmet's aluminum wheels are five times stronger than steel while being 47% lighter. Customers can realize up to 1,400 pounds of weight savings from retrofitting an 18-wheeler Class 8 truck from steel to aluminum wheels. For IGT, Howmet's products continue to enable higher operating temperatures in the turbine and also pressures, which increase load efficiency towards approximately 64% and reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by approximately 40%. Lastly, for renewables, Howmet's Fastening Systems used with solar panels improve strength and clamping by five to 10 times and reduce installation time by up to 80%. Moving to STEM education and inclusiveness, Howmet is dedicated to increasing STEM opportunities and education in the local community through the Howmet Aerospace Foundation, with grants to institutions and schools. We renewed our commitment to support our six employee resource groups with strategic focus on community, culture, and careers. Let me now move to slide 14 for our third quarter and annual guidance. The leading indicators for air travel continue to show improvement, notably for domestic travel. This includes online searches for air tickets, increases in flight schedules across most of the world, and the beginnings of some international travel. Orders for aircraft by airlines and assembly partners are increasing rapidly. The expectation that Howmet will transition into revenue growth in the third quarter continues, with growth of approximately 15% in commercial aerospace and total revenue growth of approximately 9%. We look forward to managing and leading this exciting growth phase for Howmet after the devastation of the pandemic on the industry. Growth is expected to continue into Q4 and into 2022 and beyond. The sequence for our businesses is that we expect increases in the Engine Products, notably starting in the third quarter, followed by Engineered Structures in the fourth quarter and Fastening Systems starting in the first quarter of 2022. In terms of specific numbers, we expect the following. For the third quarter, revenue of $1.3 billion ±$20 million, EBITDA of $295 million ±$10 million, EBITDA margin of 22.7% ±40 basis points, and earnings per share of $0.25 ±$0.02. For the year, we expect revenue to be $5.1 billion ±$50 million. EBITDA baseline to increase to $1.17 billion plus $15 million, minus $25 million. EBITDA margin to increase to 22.9% +10 basis points to -20 basis points. Earnings per share increase to $0.99 ±$0.03. Cash flow baseline increase to $450 million, ±$35 million. Moving to the right-hand side of the slide, we expect the following. Second half revenue to be up approximately 12% versus the first half, driven by commercial aerospace, defense, and IGT. Second half year-over-year incremental margins of over 50% compared to the prior year. Price increases will continue to be greater than 2020. The cost reduction carryover of $100 million is already achieved with some potential modest upside. Pensions and OPEB contributions of approximately $120 million. We are reducing cash pension contributions by approximately $40 million based upon the American Rescue Plan Act. CapEx should be in the range of $200 million-$220 million compared to depreciation of approximately $270 million. Adjusted free cash flow conversion continues to be in excess of net income at approximately 100%. Lastly, as announced last month, we have reinstated the quarter dividend of $0.02 per common stock starting in the third quarter. Let's move to slide 15 for a summary. The second quarter was solid, and it's described as a quarter to get through while we wait for the volume lift in the third quarter. It was better than expectations, with improved margins and excellent cash flow. The net recruitment of production operators in the second quarter was approximately 300 people, principally in our engine business. We, of course, will continue to manage costs very carefully during this recovery phase. In the second half, we plan to recruit another net 500 people. Liquidity is strong, and we have healthy cash generation. The third quarter outlook is for revenue to be approximately $100 million higher than the second quarter, with margins somewhere between 22.3% and 23.1%. For the second half, we expect extra costs. However, year-over-year incremental margins are expected to be over 50%. Consolidated EBITDA margins for the second half are expected to be 22.6% to 23.2%, setting a platform for a healthy 2022 and overcoming the drag of the increased labor costs from the recruitment I talked about and, of course, the net effect of the metal recoveries. Thank you very much. We'll take your questions. Thank you. Now we will begin the question and answer session. As a reminder, please press 1 to be held in the Q&A queue. Press the pound key if you would like to be removed from the queue. We request that you limit yourself to 1 question. Our first question comes from the line of Carter Copeland with Melius Research. Hey, good morning, gentlemen. Hey, Carter. John, I wondered if you could give us some color on the composition of the heads you're adding back to the system. Are some of these former employees or are we new? I know last quarter you talked a lot about the training expectations and wanting to get the productivity to the right level from the start. Just any color you can give us on how that adding back resources is going. Yeah. We talked to about 300 people in Q2, and as you recall, I said we'd add these people, essentially no outputs, and you can see that our sales, in fact, did not increase, and so it was exactly in line with expectations from the revenue side. We mentioned that we would possibly recruit 400 to 500 people in the second quarter, so we're a little bit below that, and that was essentially us keeping tight control of the cost going forward. The majority of the employees that we've recruited so far, and in fact, the majority in our third quarter, will be for the engine business. So far, about three-quarters of the increase has come from people that we've recalled from previous employment and therefore a quarter of new employees. I expect that blend to change as we move through the next, let's say, period of time and maybe to a 50/50, and then the majority will be fresh employees, I think, as we exit the year. To give you a roadmap for the second half, let's say the first Q3 will be principally engine, and then we'll be looking to add selectively in our structures business in the fourth quarter and also for our Fastening Systems businesses as we get looking into 2022 to be ready for that. About 500 people, I think we're planning for the second half, so getting towards 1,000 for the year. Great. Thank you for the color. I'll stick to one. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of David Strauss with Barclays. Thank you. Good morning. Morning, David. John, could you comment on or give your perspective on the Airbus narrow-body rate increases that they've been out with proposing out in 2023, 2024, 2025, what that can mean for you all from a revenue perspective? Does that allow you to grow above the prior peak of $7 billion in revenue? I guess, how well are you capacitized to handle those kind of rates? Thanks. Okay. Let me talk narrow body in total, because I think that's the most important metric for the next 18 months or so. For 2019, the combination of the Airbus A320 and the Boeing 737 MAX peaked at about 100, maybe fractionally over 100, maybe 105 in a couple of months. That would be, let's say, the prior aggregation of the two. Clearly, that mix is changing currently with the view that Airbus is moving to, is it 47 in January and then 55 by the middle of the year, while Boeing is still planning to raise production to, I think just over 30. Let's call it 31 in January of 2022, and has been silent there afterwards at this point. The combo total is in the mid-80s. You can see for 2022, while it's still a very significant increase on the last year or this year. The percentage increase is enormous. It still isn't back to 2019 levels. If it's right that by the middle of, or maybe the end of 2023, we're up in the mid-60s for Airbus, and we don't yet know for Boeing. You can envisage that we will be right back at that 100, maybe even breaking through the 105 barrier on a combined basis at that point in time. With the potential of further rate increases, should Airbus confirm their aspirations to go to 70 and above. That's the roadmap there. For 18 months, while we're getting to 100, it basically just puts us back in the same territory that we've already been in. We have certainly adequate capacity for all of that. If you then obviously have to blend in what's happening with wide body, and it's probably a little bit too early to say, but I expect probably by the second half of 2023, that wide body will be picking up. In fact, I also think that we'll see some benefits as we go into 2022. For example, should 787 return to five a month from its current production level, then that would also be an increase for us. My expectation is that we'll see what I call three volume lifts. We'll see the lift from us being below current build rate, just because parts are being taken out of inventory. We'll go to a rate map situation where we'll sell a ship set of aircraft parts equivalent to an aircraft. That'll be volume lift one. We see volume lift two, which is the increase that we have to make to continue to pace with the rates that are being talked about. Let's say Boeing going from 14 to 31 and from Airbus going from 40 to 55. Those are both very healthy increases. Of course, for this to be done, then inventory has to be put back in the system. I expect that during 2022 and into 2023, we're going to see benefits above rate because inventory just has to be put back into the system to guarantee these levels of aircraft production. When you put it all back together, I'll just then pick a moment in time. Let's pick end of 2023 to 2024, my expectation is that all other things being equal, we'll be at a rate of revenue above 2019. Basically, with the content increases that we have or are built in, plus any net benefit on price, is that on a like-to-like basis, we'd probably be closer to the $7.5 billion-$8 billion on equivalent production of aircraft. That's very approximately. Obviously, there's a lot of changing parts amongst all of that as we go through the next two or three years. The way I look at it, David, is that we got three years of pretty significant growth to look forward to, and then maybe by the middle of the decade, reverting to the more normal 4% or 5%, depending upon what end market demand is at that time. Thanks for all the color, John. That was great. Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Gautam Khanna with Cowen and Company. Hey, guys, this is Dan on for Gautam. Good morning. Hey, Dan. Hey, how you doing? My question is actually pretty similar. I wanted to ask from a different perspective, what will be your greatest challenges in meeting the narrowbody production ramps in the short term, the medium term? Also, would you see any benefit on, I guess, at least on the labor side or anywhere else from depressed widebody rates, that would maybe allow for greater utilization on the narrowbody side? Is that not really relevant here? Well, we have to break it down between, let's say, machine tool capacity. By that I mean essentially, let's say, casting machines or forging machines. Then I'll say the tooling that goes with the specific part numbers. In terms of machine tools, we have no problems whatsoever in terms of capacity because we'd already made, let's say, 100-plus narrowbodies in 2019. As you know, certainly in our engine business, we put a quarter of a billion dollars of investment in place to take that capacity up. Then, of course, the capacity just came in, then the pandemic hit us. So we've carried that capacity for the last, let's say, 18 months now, and therefore, it's still totally available to us. We, in terms of machine tool capacity, we could take back to full 100-plus narrowbody rate, all the widebody rate, and the significant increase above that. In terms of plant and equipment, we have essentially no restrictions whatsoever. That also gives me confidence that we can still operate for a year or so with capital expenditures being below depreciation because the capacity is essentially already there. To get further into your question, though, is that until we know the exact mix of requirements, it's difficult to say on the tooling side. Again, for the next 18 months, I see no problems at all in terms of meeting customer demand. If we took narrowbodies at, let's say, 105 level combined, then no problems. It's only if we were to add, let's say, if Airbus were getting to 75 and if Boeing were back above 50, we're talking 125 aircraft a month, clearly at that point, we'd be out of balance. Certainly in terms of tooling or die capacity for some of the Airbus parts, additional tooling would have to be put down to cope with those in that volume scenario, should it finally be confirmed. The way I think about it, for the next couple of years, we have no capacity limitations, apart from the ability to onboard labor and train it effectively, to do all of that side of the business. It's called the softer side. In terms of hard, plant and machinery, we're fully capacitized, we have to be thinking about increasing tool capacity. Your next question comes from the line of Seth Seifman with JPMorgan. Hey, thanks very much. Good morning, guys. Good morning. Morning. Wanted to ask a quick question about Forged Wheels and just to make sure I understand the materials dynamic there and how to model things going forward. I guess, can you talk about what happened to the real demand sequentially from Q1 to Q2, and how to think about the trajectory of that, and then when it might pick up again? Yeah. Let me break it down between fundamental end market demand and then the demand that we saw. The order intake for Class 8 truck and trailer has been at an extraordinary level for some time. The backlog is truly extraordinary. In one sense, the demand is there such that our confidence over balance of year, in fact, the whole of 2022 for commercial transportation business is really high. It's like a great outlook. In fact, I don't think we've ever seen it so strong. The issue that we had in the second quarter was, I recall, despite that extraordinary end market demand, we actually were in a position where we did not supply, not because essentially we were unable to supply, but we took a large amount of down days, and it was different by end customer because they were unable to complete assembly of trucks due to missing parts, whether it was missing tires or windshields, other structural components, or of course, the one which everybody's very familiar with is the issue of electronics and semiconductors. So we have a lot of partially built trucks that are there, which are in fields around both the U.S. and in Europe. Even some of those are delivered to dealers with parts missing until they can go back and retrofit them. What I'm trying to do is picture the market for us as one where. Great end market, but just short-term supply constraints by customers couldn't get parts they couldn't build, and we were taking days down here or there just because they said, Don't ship because we can't build anymore. Got no place to stick them because we haven't got parts. That resulted in a 7% volume reduction for us of delivered end product in Q2 compared to Q1. Let's call it $18 million worth of revenue volume, which happened to be made up then by basically repricing for metal. The metal escalators that we have covered up for the volume shortfall. Essentially, Seth, on a percentage basis, if you take our EBITDA margin, Q1 and divide it by those revenues, and you flex it by 18, then you can see that totally accounts for about a few hundred basis points of margin impact. The way you should think about the second quarter for Wheels was we had a 7% volume drop and also a metals impact. Basically, if you adjust for those two, actually the margin was very respectable. If you want to extrapolate it a little bit further, we didn't call it out because we tend not to call such things out. In fact, if you were to adjust for that, let's call it $18 million-$20 million at the Howmet level of basically metal pass-through just on Wheels alone, then in fact, our EBITDA margins would have been just over 23%. Significant improvement on Q1 on a like-for-like basis, albeit masked by just the fact that the denominator goes up and your numerator goes up because of the way we recover metal. That walks you through both Wheels and for Howmet. Okay. Thanks. That's very helpful. I guess as we look to the second half, do you see the volumes continuing to go down because these bottlenecks continue? Can the volumes stabilize at this level, and just wait for your customers to be able to handle the increase in demand that might show up in 2022? Yeah. I think we're going to have a similar Q3 to Q2 on the truck side. That would be my thought there. Just because the part shortages haven't really eased yet. I do think that we're going to see, at best I can guess, that some of those will begin to ease towards the back end of the year. I'm hoping for a fairly robust fourth quarter on Wheels. Although, like you say, hope is not a strategy, but the answer is, my thought is that it should be getting better and then a really good 2022 because, as I say, the order book's there and the backlog's just increasing just because the demand is there, but it's the inability for truck manufacturers to satisfy the market at the moment. Great. Thanks very much, John. Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Robert Spingarn with Credit Suisse. Hi, good morning. Good morning. John, I wanted to ask you about spares or probe into spares a little bit, both commercial airfoils and defense airfoils, and just get a sense for how those have trended March to June quarters, especially since another supplier surprised us with a downtick, a sequential downtick on supply chain issues. I don't know if that's relevant here, but I understand the business isn't very big, but what are you seeing trend-wise, both commercial and defense spares as we go through 2021? As you know, we have to guesstimate that. Isn't the biggest number for us, but we actually saw a small uptick in the aftermarket demand for airfoils in the second quarter. In the context of Howmet, nothing material at all. We are planning and scheduling that we will have an increased second half in airfoil aftermarket going through our customers of, let's say, GE and Pratt & Whitney. While the%, I can't remember the exact one, but it's certainly well into the double digits in% increase. Again, it's not huge numbers, but it's pleasing to see that demand and then all goes well again as we exit this year into next year. When I bifurcated the strength that we saw in defense and IGT spares has continued all the way through with no real letup on that side at all. Let's say a fairly strong growth in 2020 continued in 2021. The commercial aerospace business has been very muted, certainly in Q1, small increase in Q2, and we're seeing higher% increases, but I don't think it becomes material in dollar terms until 2022. Other than the bottlenecks you mentioned a few minutes ago, are there any supply chain areas that we should just be focused on anywhere in the business that could be disruptive? No, there's nothing that we see that's problematic for Howmet at all. We scanned our supply base last year. The one area of concern had basically disappeared by the late fall, currently we don't see any supply constraint for metal input to any of our plants. We are securing supply as best as we know for what we believe in market demand as we go. At the turn of the year, because it's important we start thinking more about lead times, we're encouraging our customers to be forthcoming in trying to give greater visibility for their schedules for those parts, which I expect the world has been a significant amount of, say, metal availability in the system the last, say, 12 months. That is tightening. Clearly, I think for some of our product range, that we will see those lead times go out to beyond the 6 months to 9 and 12 months, certainly as we move into 2022. We really have to plan for those. That only covers part of the products that we make, where we have those really extended lead times. As those tighten, should we expect any margin pressure, or these are all under LTAs and so not an issue? Not an issue. Yeah. Okay. Thank you. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Robert Stallard with Vertical Research. Thanks so much. Good morning. Good morning, Rob. John, you mentioned de-stocking in your commentary, and I was wondering if you could run through what the latest situation is there, how it could differ from aircraft to aircraft model, and what sort of visibility you have on when this could end. Okay. Well, it's the most opaque part of what we've been dealing with the last, should say, few quarters in terms of what is the true level of availability, and also to some degree, it also depends now as we go forward, the safety stock that our customers would also like to carry. Our thought is that basically on narrow body by the end of this year, there's no inventory left in the system, and we'll have to be in an inventory build situation. It's only isolated pockets because essentially, as these rate increases take effect in the second half of this year, that's just chewing up any remaining parts that are available. Obviously, we always have to see through whether we're in a tier 1 situation directly to an airframe manufacturer compared to an engine manufacturer to try to assess what the engines are in the system as well. It's different on wide body. By the end of the year, I'm struggling to remember the number, but let's assume we still have some trapped inventory in the system, and we'll be carrying, I think, something, but now less than about $50 million of trapped inventory in our system, which will liquidate during 2022. For narrow body, the way to think about it, essentially, there's no trapped inventory in our system left. I think there'll be very little, if any, in our customer systems left for narrow body as we transition through the mark of the year. It is tightening each quarter. Yeah. That's great. Thank you very much. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Matthew Akers with Wells Fargo. Hi. Good morning. Thank you. Could you comment on the, I guess, the 1% decline for defense in the quarter? What were the big moving pieces there, and what are your latest thoughts on F-35 rate going from here? I think a broader perspective is better on defense, and then we bring the kaleidoscope right back into the here and now. We read that maybe Lockheed won't be building quite as many as they had thought, and that happened both last year and seems to be this year in terms of maybe supplier availability or impact of COVID on the workforce. We're not sure. There has been an increase between 2020 and 2021. We are seeing, while I think Lockheed is talking about a slightly reduced 2022 compared to their previous forecast of maybe, I'm going to call it 169 down to 159 or something, it's still above 2021. We see steady growing F-35s from last year, this year into next year, and then pretty steady for the following couple of years. For us, if the build were to be reduced by 5% or so, let's say in 2024 or 2025, don't know yet, then that would be when the increase in spares would be occurring specifically for our engine program. We expect the spares requirements to become quite significant for that aircraft as we move towards the middle of the decade. We probably look at it as the F-35 on a combined, let's say, early and aftermarket, continues to improve and increase slightly for Howmet over the next few years. You do note additional orders, whether it's the Swiss have just come in with an order for 36 aircraft or even in the proposed defense budget that was actually lifted by, I think, the Senate to have a slightly higher increase in quantity of F-35s than was in the original White House budget. It's trending fairly well for us at this point in time. On the here and now, you also have to pick through the seasonality of the defense orders. They always tend to be a little bit light in the first half of the year, a bit heavier in the second half of the year. We saw that again significantly in Q4 of last year, where the defense demand was filled basically on a use it or lose it from the DOD budget. When you have to blend through from our perspective, F-35 is still at the 40% of total defense sales. If I called it now, I'd say pretty stable year-on-year, maybe with a slight increase and increasing towards the back end of the year. Then we see some healthy signs, albeit too early to really define 2022 yet. Some healthy signs for some of the other military programs, particularly rotorcraft, that we're looking at for that year. I don't know if that's enough for you. Yeah, no, that's great. Yeah. Thanks for the color. Okay. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Barindesh Mishra with Berenberg. Thank you. Good morning. John, I was wondering if you have any sense as to how much of your commercial aerospace business is regional and business jet. Basically, how much is not Boeing or Airbus linked? Yes, we have a significant exposure to business jet and helicopter, I'm not sure as we've ever really disclosed it. Before I comment on this call, I'll look at it and see whether we can call you back if we have. I'm not aware that we actually have broken that whole segment down for you. To say, if you called out any business jet, you'd see us highly represented, whether it's our Engine Products or indeed any of the structural or Fastening Systems products. Understood. Maybe if you could just talk a bit about what you're seeing in the industrial segment, that business for the second half, both OEM and the aftermarket in that business. Yeah. If I break it down between, I'll say industrial gas turbine, and then oil and gas. The IGT part of the business is very strong, and we're in a situation where we actually just can't make enough at this point in time, and therefore, essentially, it's on us just to make more. That's both for the new larger blades for the new turbines, which I mentioned in my earlier comments, which we provide gas turbines, which have fundamentally higher output and lower emissions of both carbon and nitrogen oxide. We have a very strong demand for that and a significant backlog for all of our customers, whether it's GE, Siemens, Ansaldo, et cetera. That's also combined with a very strong aftermarket for what I'll call predecessor products. Well, say not as big blades, if you want to put it that way. They're still pretty big compared to an aircraft turbine, but not as big as the new latest fleet of very large gas turbine engine. There, the supply situation is easier for us, and we do have very significant demand, basically because the natural gas turbines, in particular, are being worked harder given the relatively attractive, I'll say, input fuel content of the natural gas compared to oil or coal, and certainly lower emissions, even though they also emit the methane. A very healthy situation there. Oil and gas, the leading indicators of rig count are going up very significantly, but we're not currently seeing increasing demand yet. I guess we're in that inventory burnout situation, and therefore, I just hope that will turn into an increase for us in 2022. In general, industrial, I'll say, it also continues to be strong, but not as strong as the IGT market, where really, I'll say we could just do with more plants and the sort of equipment for these turbines is not fungible to an aircraft, basically. Appreciate all the color, John. Thank you. Thank you. Our last question comes from the line of George Shapiro with Shapiro Research. Yes, John, I wanted to pursue a little bit more defense, because sequentially, it was down 16% and engines were actually down 20%. Was there something odd this quarter that made it deteriorate so much relative to Q1? No, there's nothing special at all, George. I think sequentially we were down last year as well, so we always tend to have this stronger Q1. Middle of the year, it's not so strong, and then basically a very strong back end to the defense aftermarket rather than defense array that causes that, let's call it in-year seasonality. Nothing in particular at all. No worries. Nothing we've lost at all. It's not very satisfying, but just the way it is about that. Okay. Can you disclose the mix of sales between narrow body and wide body, in 2019 versus where it is today? Is there any difference in profitability between the two businesses? Okay. The metric to carry in mind is 2019 was 55% Boeing versus Airbus, which wasn't the question. Narrow body for wide body was just fractionally over 50% narrow versus wide. They're very similar numbers. Obviously, that's been moving around the last year or so. In terms of underlying profitability, very similar, but I'd give the edge to wide body as being slightly more profitable. Obviously, different volume, variety situation. Wide body would be a little bit more profitable, but nothing that knocks the whole company out of joints. If you were to have the extremes that we're facing at the moment, in terms of a differentiability narrow and wide, I'd be surprised if it made more than a 1% difference on our margin. As you look at it in aggregate, if that. It's nothing of great note and fully taken account of in any of the, I'll say, forward looking, though we haven't given you a 2022 yet, is that the way we've called out the second half is that we see margins improving. It's already taken into account that differential I mentioned to Seth Seifman in terms of, you get a $1 of recovery of metal for a $1 of input cost, and you're fully recovered, but it still hits your margin. I've called out that was probably worth taking our 22.8% just to open the 23%. Similarly, that's taking account of the changing blend that we're seeing with narrow-body coming back stronger. We're still seeing that expected margin improvement, despite that fractional mix change. There are no further questions at this time. Ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude today's conference call. We thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.