Good morning. Welcome to Kellanova's Q2 2024 earnings call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speaker's remarks, there'll be a question-and-answer session with publishing analysts. At this time, I would like to turn the call over to John Renwick, Vice President of Investor Relations and Corporate Planning for Kellanova. Mr. Renwick, you may begin your Conference Call. Thank you, Operator. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us today for a review of our Q2 results, as well as an update on our outlook for 2024. I am joined this morning by Stephen Cahillane, our Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer, and Amit Banati, our Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer. Slide number three shows our forward-looking statements disclaimer. As you are aware, certain statements made today, such as projections for Kellanova's future performance, are forward-looking statements. Actual results could be materially different from those projected. For further information concerning factors that could cause these results to differ, please refer to the third slide of this presentation, as well as to our public SEC filings. A recording of today's webcast and supporting documents will be archived for at least 90 days on the investor page of www.kellanova.com. As always, when referring to our results and outlook, unless otherwise noted, we will be referring to them on an organic basis for net sales and on a currency-neutral adjusted basis for operating profit and earnings per share. Also, remember that our 2023 results have been recast to treat the spun-off WK Kellogg Co as a discontinued operation in accordance with applicable accounting guidelines. Those recast statements can be found in our Q4 2023 earnings press release from February 8th of this year. Now I'll turn it over to Stephen. Thanks, John, and good morning, everyone. We're once again pleased to report strong quarterly results that are clear evidence of our more growth-oriented and more profitable portfolio following last fall's spin-off. Our year-on-year organic growth in net sales was again on algorithm, and volume trends improved sequentially again outside of Nigeria. Our year-on-year currency-neutral operating profit growth was also on algorithm, and we continue to improve our profit margins. And we've returned to full commercial activity with our stepped-up innovation reaching shelves in the Q2. Delighting consumers is never more important than it is right now, and we now have our full plan in the marketplace, which should help us continue to improve our in-market performance in the second half. On slide number 6, we remind you of our strategy: differentiate, drive, and deliver, which we continue to execute, helping us to deliver our near-term commitments, but also to build for a strong future and drive shareholder value. On slide number 7, we remind you of our global footprint, whose diversification and exposure to faster-growing markets is a true point of differentiation for Kellanova. This differentiated footprint, along with our return to full commercial activity around the world, contributed to our continued sequential improvement in volume in most of our regions. The chart on slide number 8 excludes our joint ventures in Africa, where currency-driven price increases in Nigeria have resulted in recent elasticities, as we expected. We see that our businesses outside those JVs posted a fourth consecutive quarter of sequential improvement in volume. We drove this sequential improvement across our regions. Europe and the rest of EMEA both recorded moderating volume declines, and North America and Latin America both returned to outright volume growth. Another key driver is shown on slide number 9: innovation. As discussed previously, we are returning to a full innovation launch calendar after the pandemic era's supply disruptions. As you can see on the slide, we have a plethora of innovations launching across every one of the regions this year, ranging from limited editions to new flavors to amplified wellness credentials to entirely new food platforms. I'll just highlight a few notables. In the second half, we will be launching Pringles Mingles in North America, our first out-of-the-can launch in the United States in over 15 years. In late Q3, we will be introducing Cheez-It to Europe with a big launch in the UK, supported by a full arsenal of sampling, social media, and public relations and advertising. We've innovated in away-from-home channels as well, sometimes leveraging these channels to drive consumer awareness. A good example is our partnering with Taco Bell to launch a Big Cheez-It Crunchwrap Supreme and a Big Cheez-It Tostada. So we feel very good about the quality of our innovations and the buzz, trial, and incremental purchases they will generate. Indeed, this heavy innovation calendar should bring us back to normal levels of net sales contribution from innovation. Slide number 10 measures year-one incremental sales from innovation launches, expressed as a% of our total net sales. Notice how the incremental net sales we expect to generate from this year's innovation launches are much higher than the last couple of years when we had been contending with global supply disruptions. Getting back to delighting consumers through innovation is a key component of what we refer to as getting back to full commercial activity. Another good sign is shown on slide 11. In our return to full commercial activity, we obviously prioritized our biggest brand, Pringles. The chart shows how this investment and activity is improving our net sales growth and in-market performance for this highly differentiated brand. All of it led to another quarter of differentiated results, starting with organic net sales growth. Slide 12 shows how we continue to well outpace the median growth of our peer group, including our more directly comparable snacking and international peers. This is precisely the greater growth orientation I mentioned earlier about our strategy and portfolio. Now let's talk about how we are a more profitable company than we were previously. Slide number 13 shows how our year-to-date gross profit margin and operating profit margin this year at Kellanova are meaningfully higher than the same periods pre-pandemic and pre-spin-off. And our improvement in margins continued in the Q2, as Amit will discuss in a moment, even with a substantial increase in brand investment. Improving our margins is an important part of our strategy as they fuel our ability to invest in our brands and withstand unexpected shocks. And clearly, we are ahead of pace toward our 2026 target of a 15% operating profit margin. Because of how our business is performing, both from a top-line and bottom-line perspective, we are now raising our full-year guidance. Our first-half results came in better than expected, and we remain on track for our second-half outlook. We feel good about our commercial activity now fully in the marketplace and that emerging markets will sustain their underlying momentum. Finally, we continue to progress on another element of our strategy, and that is our Better Days Promise Program. Slide number 15 provides just a few examples of this program in action during the Q2. So let me now turn it over to Amit, who will walk you through our financial results and outlook before I come back and discuss each of our businesses in more detail. Thank you, Stephen, and hello, everyone. Slide number 17 summarizes our key financial results for quarter two and the first half. As Stephen said, we delivered another quarter of on-algorithm results and another quarter of results that exceeded our expectations across all of these key metrics. Our organic growth in net sales in quarter two came in at 4%, remaining within our long-term target range. On a currency-neutral basis, our adjusted operating profit grew by 16% year-on-year, driven by the organic net sales growth and continued improvement in margins in spite of a double-digit increase in brand building. Our below-the-line items continued to be a modest year-on-year headwind, though less than anticipated, resulting in growth in earnings per share of 14% on a currency-neutral basis. Meanwhile, free cash flow also continued to increase year-on-year. Slide number 18 shows the major components of our year-on-year net sales growth in quarter two and the first half. Price mix growth continued to drive our organic net sales growth, even as it moderated, as expected, outside of Nigeria, where we executed price increases in quarter one. Volume declined on elasticity impacts around the world, but especially in Nigeria. As Stephen mentioned, that market accounted for virtually all of our volume decline in quarter two. The rest of our portfolio is clearly delivering on planned sequential improvement and even turned to growth in two of our regions. Moving along the graph, the small impact from last year's divestiture of our Russia business is now behind us as the transaction anniversaries at the start of quarter three. Foreign currency translation clipped net sales growth by about 8 percentage points in quarter two, principally reflecting the Nigerian naira. Now let's discuss profitability, starting with our gross profit on slide number 19. Adjusted basis gross profit continued to increase year-on-year during quarter two, up 9%, excluding currency, and up 5% with currency. This sustains a strong trend, as you can see on the slide. Meanwhile, we also continue to improve our gross profit margin, with quarter two's margin up close to 340 basis points year-on-year. As we've discussed previously, the discontinued operations accounting used to recast 2022 and the first three quarters of 2023 takes into account only the expenses associated with our transition services agreement and not the pass-through of those expenses to WK Kellogg Company. Year-on-year, this comparison item again contributed about 100 basis points of our margin expansion during quarter two. As we've also discussed previously, currency devaluations affected our country mix, contributing a year-on-year margin benefit in quarter two of approximately 150 basis points, a little less than quarter one and something that should moderate more meaningfully in the second half as we lap last year's largest devaluation of the lira. Leaving out these two transitory items, our gross margin was still up by around a percentage point year-on-year, a recovery that continues to be aided by a resumed higher level of productivity and moderating input cost inflation. The fact that this gross margin restoration has continued to run ahead of pace gives us additional confidence in our full-year outlook of more than 35%. We're experiencing growth and margin expansion at the operating profit line, too, as shown on slide 20. Operating profit in quarter two grew 16% excluding currency and 13% with currency, sustaining a trend of year-on-year growth. Even if you exclude the impact of the year-ago absence of transition services expense pass-through, our operating profit grew by more than 6% on this currency-neutral basis, remaining on our algorithm. This underlying growth was driven by an improving gross profit margin and good discipline on overhead, all of which more than offset the impact of a double-digit increase in brand building investment. Even with increased investment, we are improving our profitability and marching solidly towards our guidance for an operating profit margin of over 14% in 2024 and a target of 15% by 2026. Moving down the P&L, we come to our earnings per share walk on slide number 21. As you can see, all of our EPS growth in quarter two was attributable to our growth in operating profit, just as it was in quarter one. Looking at our below-the-line items, we can see that they again largely offset each other. Interest expense again increased meaningfully year-on-year, reflecting higher interest rates. This was partially offset by an increase in other income, principally reflecting interest income and investment gains. Our effective tax rate remained in the mid-22% range. Joint venture earnings and minority interest were relatively immaterial year-on-year. Our average shares outstanding were flat. The result of these items was an increase in adjusted basis EPS of 12% in quarter two and 14% on a currency-neutral basis. Let's now turn to slide number 22, which shows our free cash flow and net debt positions through quarter two. We remain ahead of last year on free cash flow through the first half, though, as we mentioned previously, some of this is related to the timing of a planned distribution from a post-retirement fund, which is expected to be offset later in the year. Even aside from that, though, our cash flow generation remains solid. Meantime, we have continued to trim our net debt, even as we returned sizable cash to share owners, mostly through our dividend. And our debt leverage remains well below our targeted ratio of net debt to trailing EBITDA of 3x, giving us excellent financial flexibility. Now let's discuss our increased guidance for the full year 2024, as shown on slide 23. With half the year behind us, it is time to narrow the ranges we first gave at our Day at K Investor event 12 months ago. Because of the strength of our first-half performance, we are in a position to raise this guidance. For net sales, we now expect organic growth of above 3.5% and increase from our previous guidance that reflects our better-than-expected first-half performance. We are prudently keeping our second-half assumptions largely unchanged. Organic growth, of course, excludes currency translation, which, based on exchange rates we saw during quarter two, would be a headwind of about 7% for the full year. For adjusted basis operating profit, we are raising and narrowing the range to $1.875-$1.9 billion, again primarily reflecting our first-half delivery. We continue to expect margin expansion for the year reaching above 35% for gross margin and above 14% for operating margin, though the year-on-year impacts moderate in the second half, mainly because of what we are lapping then. We don't provide guidance on currency translation, but to give you an idea, if the exchange rates experienced during quarter two hold for the year, it would be about a negative 3% headwind to our operating profit. Guidance for adjusted basis earnings per share increases to a range of $3.65-$3.75, which incorporates the higher operating profit and other income that we experienced in the first half. Specifically, other income should retain its first-half upside before settling back to a run rate of $15 million-$20 million per quarter in the second half. Our effective tax rate is now expected to be in the mid-22% range, only slightly better than we previously communicated. These factors are partially offset by interest expense now expected to be higher, given quarter two's run rate, and joint venture earnings and minority interest collectively should run a little bit more negative in the second half than the first. And we are raising our outlook for free cash flow to just above $1 billion, with year-on-year growth driven by operating profit. And despite capital expenditure temporarily elevated as a percentage of sales for expanded Pringles capacity in emerging markets, as well as usual cash outlays related to our two network optimization projects. So we remain in a very good financial position. Our quarter one and quarter two results came in better than expected, enabling us to raise our guidance for the full year. And we are confident in the second half. We have solid commercial plans that already are improving our volume performance around the world, and this is starting to show up more plainly in our in-market data as well. Our profit margins continue to improve, progressing faster than planned, enabling us to reinvest in our brands. Our balance sheet and cash flow remain in strong shape. With that, let me now turn it back to Stephen for a run-through of our businesses around the world. Thanks, Amit. Let's start with Kellanova North America and slide 26. Our organic net sales were +1% in North America in the Q2. Lapping last year's revenue growth management actions and last year's relative lack of merchandising activity, our price mix was down slightly, continuing an, as expected, moderation that began over a year ago. Our performance on volume, meanwhile, improved sequentially for a fourth consecutive quarter and turned positive in the Q2. Industry-wide elasticities continued to be a growth headwind across our retail categories, but our return to full commercial activity, including our launches of innovation reaching shelves during the Q2, led to volume growth in both consumption and shipments in our U.S. retail business. This was augmented by strong growth outside of these measured U.S. channels in our U.S. away-from-home business and our business in Canada. North America's operating profit increased substantially year-on-year as margins continued to improve. Even excluding the impact of year-earlier recast figures not incorporating the pass-through of transition service expenses, North America's operating profit grew at a double-digit pace, aided by productivity and absorbing increased investment behind our brands. Slide number 27 shows North America's split between snacks and frozen foods. During the Q2, our snacks business increased both in volume and price mix year-on-year, generating organic net sales growth of more than 1%, even as it faced a relatively strong prior year quarter. In our much smaller frozen foods business, net sales were off slightly in the Q2 as we faced our toughest quarterly comparison of the year, but we did increase volume led by Eggo. Slide number 28 shows our volume recovery playing out in measured channels. We expect to sustain this improvement in consumption volume and share performance through the second half. North America is delivering strong financial results while getting back to full commercial activity that is taking hold in the form of improving volume performance both in shipments and consumption. As we think about the year, as shown on slide number 29, we remain right on track. We have increased brand building and merchandising, and our stepped-up innovation is now in the marketplace. We expect these investments to continue to improve our in-market performance in the second half. Meanwhile, our margins continue to recover ahead of pace. This is a more focused team and portfolio since the spinoff, and we expect continued delivery in the second half. Now let's turn to Kellanova Europe and slide number 30. Our organic basis net sales in Europe declined a little less than 1% in the Q2 against our toughest quarterly comparison of the year. Our volume declines moderated, led by growth in snacks in the UK. Currency-neutral adjusted basis operating profit grew by close to 7% year-on-year, despite last year's mid-year divestiture of Russia. Profit margins continue to recover with a strong rebound in profit margins, funding a significant boost in brand building investment. On slide 31, you can see our two major category groups in Europe. Snacks, which represent over half of our sales in Kellanova Europe, grew organically by 1% year-on-year, despite lapping last year's strongest double-digit growth. Pringles continues to perform well, with strong consumption growth across key markets, with particularly strong share gains in the UK and Spain, and continued expansion in Poland and Romania. In portable wholesome snacks, we gained share in our biggest market, which is the UK. In cereal, net sales declined by less than 3% in the quarter on category elasticities. Slide number 32 reminds you of what we've been planning for in Europe in 2024. Despite the slight quarter two decline against tough comps, we remain on track to deliver a seventh straight year of organic net sales growth in Europe. Pringles continues to demonstrate momentum, supported by innovation and exciting promotional partnerships. And we are ready and excited for our late quarter three launch of Cheez-It in the UK, which will expand our snacking portfolio in Europe. In cereal, innovations like Trésor Brownie are now in market, and promotions like our Kellogg-sponsored football camps are underway in the UK. So we're confident that we can manage through category-wide elasticity headwinds. Meanwhile, we are making progress on our plans for optimizing our cereal portfolio and manufacturing network. Now let's look at our emerging markets regions, starting with Latin America and slide number 33. Latin America's net sales increased by 4% organically in the Q2, sustaining a mid-single-digit growth rate on top of big growth in the year earlier quarter. Price mix growth is moderating, as expected, as we lap prior year actions to offset high-cost inflation. Importantly, volume returned to growth in the quarter, with gains in both snacks and cereal, and led by Mexico. Operating profit increased in the Q2 on top of strong year-ago growth. Slide number 34 shows our Latin American net sales growth by category group. Organic net sales for our snacks business in Latin America grew 4% year-on-year, with growth in both volume and price mix. Salty snacks categories remain in growth across key markets in the region, despite elasticities, and Pringles has continued to outpace the category in our two largest markets, Mexico and Brazil. Our cereal net sales also increased by 4% in the quarter, sustaining volume growth. Cereal categories in the region remain in growth despite elasticities, and we have outpaced the category this year in key markets, Mexico and Brazil. Slide number 35 reminds you of what to watch for in our Latin America business this year. Here, too, we expect a seventh straight year of organic net sales growth, and we expect the growth to come from both snacks and cereal. Margins should improve, reflecting price-pack architecture efforts, as well as operating efficiencies and the potential for moderating input cost pressures later in the year. So through the first half, Latin America is right on track. We'll finish with our EMEA region, starting with slide number 36. Once again, currency-influenced price increases in Nigeria drove substantially all of the region's 16% organic net sales growth in the quarter. Our business there continues to execute well, pricing again earlier this year to keep up with currency rates, and during the Q2, its volume declines were not as severe as expected. This may have positive implications for our second-half forecasts, but we are taking a prudent approach. Nevertheless, these short-term challenges are dramatically outweighed by the long-term growth opportunity that this growing market and our advantage assets provide us. Outside of Nigeria and our joint ventures with Tolaram, our organic net sales increased at a mid-single-digit rate in the Q2. Volume declined only slightly year-on-year, despite category elasticities and the negative demand impact of tensions in the Middle East. On a currency-neutral basis, EMEA's operating profit grew by 9%, with growth in both Nigeria and in the rest of EMEA, and margins continuing to improve, even with a substantial increase in brand building investment. On slide 37, we see how our net sales growth split by major category groups. Noodles and others' 26% organic growth reflects the currency-driven pricing in Nigeria, which was only partially offset by elasticity-driven double-digit declines in volume. Meanwhile, we continue to drive strong growth for Kellogg's Noodles in South Africa and Egypt, gaining distribution and share in those markets, and successfully launching this quarter into Saudi Arabia. In snacks, we grew net sales organically by about 13% year-on-year, with broad-based growth across the region led by Pringles. In cereal, our organic net sales grew 4%, and this, too, was broad-based across the region in spite of category elasticities. For EMEA in 2024, we continue to watch for the elements listed on slide number 38. We expect this region to record yet another year of good organic net sales growth, and we expect growth both within Nigeria and in the rest of the region. Noodles remains a growth business for us in Africa. Pringles will sustain its momentum, supported by innovation, pack formats, and distribution. And we expect to sustain growth in cereal, led by emerging markets. Meanwhile, EMEA's improvement of profit margins should continue. So let me summarize with slide number 40. With each passing quarter, including the Q2, it should be increasingly clear that Kellanova today has a strategy and portfolio that is more focused, more growth-oriented, and more profitable than ever before. We're delivering on-algorithm performance amidst a challenging industry environment. We have strengthened commercial plans for 2024, and they are already starting to yield gradual improvements in volume. We are committed to improving our profit margins, and this improvement remains ahead of pace. We are raising our guidance thanks to a strong first half, an enviable position to be in, especially in the current industry environment. And yet, we refuse to sit still. We continue to create the future, be it in adding growth capacity in Pringles and emerging markets, expanding Cheez-It into Europe, expanding Noodles in Africa, or continuing to increase investment behind a portfolio with some of the most differentiated brands in the world. This commitment to driving shareholder value is shared by all of our Kellanova team members, who deserve our thanks for all that they do. And now we'd be happy to take your questions. Thank you. We will now begin the question-and-answer session with participating analysts. Analysts may enter the queue by pressing the star key and the number one on their telephone keypad. As a courtesy to your colleagues, please limit yourself to one question. Our first question comes from Rob Dickerson with Jefferies. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Super. Thanks so much. Good morning. So Stephen, I guess clearly we could see the improvement in North America volumes, which is great. Part of that looks to be from some proactive price investment. So I'm just curious. I think you said, as you think through the back half, you do expect back half to sustain volume improvement, and then you have a great innovation slate. So really kind of the simple question is just, as you go for this sustained volume improvement in the back half in North America, would you say most of that is coming from, you think, like incremental distribution, innovation, or have you just been very proactive in the right way, kind of focused on certain price points that have been driving that volume improvement relative to the industry? Thanks. Yeah. Thanks for the question, Rob. What I tell you is we've talked about getting back to full commercial activation. And that's really the story in North America. It's really led by Pringles, which returned first and has terrific momentum. It includes increased distribution with new shelf resets in the Q2, as you mentioned. It includes a full commercial innovation activation. We're back to levels that we haven't seen since pre-pandemic. And it's really that, Rob. It's a full commercial activation, gaining momentum. We returned to volume growth in the Q2 in North America. That will continue into the third and Q4 and actually improve as activation around Cheez-It and some of our other brands starts to catch up to what we've done with Pringles. And in terms of pricing, we had to take, as you well know, a lot of price in the last two years. And so we're returning to the type of price promotion activity, more or less, that we saw pre-pandemic in a very rational environment. So bright spot for us is the second half of the year and the volume that we've seen in North America. All right. Super. More questions. We now turn to Christopher Carey with Wells Fargo Securities. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Hi. Good morning, everyone. I wanted to ask about Europe, the volume under pressure as pricing is decelerating, but you also have some innovation coming. I think you highlighted Cheez-It. So just how would you characterize your go-forward in Europe? I know looking for another year of growth, but maybe how do you view kind of exit rate and the complexion of trends in the market as you think about balancing price and volume going forward? Yeah, Christopher, so I'd start with Europe is a tough environment, always has been. It's tough this year. But in the Q2, we faced our toughest comps, particularly with Pringles. And you heard us say in the prepared remarks that we have a lot of confidence we're going to continue to grow in Europe, and that's going to be in the back half of the year. So we've got great back half plans. Our football sponsorship was really started late in this quarter, so that'll continue on to this quarter. So lots of confidence in Europe, lots of confidence in Europe continuing to grow. You saw that snacks did grow in the Q2. That will accelerate in the third and Q4 based on the activations. And we are very excited about the Cheez-It launch in the Q4. And when I say very excited, it's just a great program that they put together in the UK. The customers are excited about it. The consumer testing of the product is outstanding. And so we see big things for Cheez-It in the next couple of years. It's going to be a real growth driver for us. So bullish on Europe despite a challenging environment. I know that makes us a little different than some others, but our team has delivered now seven years of growth in Europe. So that will continue this year. I think, Stephen, and if I could, just this is a follow-up on the pricing comment in North America. It's great to see the volumes. And you did make a comment, I think, in the prepared remarks about some years ago, timing impact with promotion or price activity. But would you expect pricing to stay negative as you, certainly as you're clearly seeing this positive and constructive uplift in volume as you go forward? Thanks so much. We see pricing remaining very rational in the environment. Remember, we're lapping a real dearth of activity last year. So that's what you see when you see our year-over-year comparisons. We've talked about it quite a lot. We pulled back on commercial activation because of the bottlenecks and shortages. We were perhaps a little late compared to others in returning, but we've returned. But it's all very rational, very prudent, and we see good volume growth and a good balance between price mix volume in the back half of the year for North America. Okay. Thanks so much. Our next question comes from Peter Galbo with Bank of America. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Hey, guys. Good morning. Thanks for taking the question. Good morning, Peter. Stephen, maybe in our just continued tour of the world here, having gone through North America and Europe, Latin America, I think you kind of had more of a standout quarter relative to what some of the peers have said, particularly around maybe some delay in stimulus payments in Mexico and then also some weakness in Brazil. So maybe you can just talk a bit about more specifically the Kellanova quarter in Mexico and Brazil and then relative to kind of the macro that you're seeing there on the ground. Yeah. So it was a good quarter in Latin America. Cereal and snacks all growing. Mexico having a terrific quarter, kind of record shares in the cereal business in Mexico and Pringles continuing to do extremely well despite being somewhat capacity constrained because we're sourcing out of Jackson, Tennessee. Next year, we'll be sourcing out of Mexico. So really bullish on Pringles' future opportunities in Mexico because of local sourcing. Brazil, you have to remember, Brazil was really impacted by some pretty devastating floods. But the underlying business in Brazil remains strong, really driven also by Pringles. Pringles' momentum in Brazil is very, very good. So the Brazilian business is strong but impacted by pretty devastating floods that obviously we all saw on the news. Our next question comes from Robert Moskow with TD Cowen. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Hi. Thank you. I was wondering if you could talk about North America price sensitivity in terms of pack sizes and the price points. One of your competitors said that when price points get above a certain level, like above $4, it's led to consumers actually exiting the category, and they've made some pretty substantial changes to adjust to that. Would you agree with that, or is it just not really affecting your portfolio? Thanks. Yeah, Rob, I would agree with that. But I would also say that we've been talking about that for years. But right now, it's more extreme because the consumer is under so much pressure. So we've always talked about entry price points. We've always talked about price package architecture. Going back a number of years, we've been investing in the capability to have more pack sizes to hit different price points. But I think what you're hearing in this environment, perhaps more than in a very long period of time, the absolute dollars are under more pressure. So the basket that people can fill is affected, obviously, by the absolute dollars in their pocket. And because the consumer is so strained, it's become heightened in terms of making sure that you hit those right price points, particularly with consumers under $100,000 in household income with kids. That's where we're seeing the price sensitivity. And it varies by where you are in the monthly cycle as well. So we look at all of that. It is more important in this environment than perhaps a more normalized environment. Can I ask a follow-up? How meaningful is your Pringles Mingles launch in the back half? What was the insight that made you think that introducing something out of the can is going to compete well in that very competitive marketplace? Yeah. So I wouldn't look at Pringles Mingles being a meaningful difference maker in terms of our NSV forecast for the balance of the year because we're only starting to tip it and really will activate it more in the Q1 of next year. The insight is that people love the brand to begin with. We haven't stretched that brand outside the can, so that's a meaningful innovation. The product is extruded. It is in the shape of a bow tie, Mr. Pringles bow tie. So it plays more on the Mr. P iconography than it does the can. We believe the product tests extremely well. And Pringles stands for snacking in so many ways. So we're giving a launch outside the can, and we'll see how it goes. Great. Thank you. We now turn to David Palmer with Evercore ISI. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Yeah. Thanks. I wanted just to ask a couple of questions on North America snacks. You said in your comments, Stephen, that there was consumption growth in the quarter in 2Q. We see consumption being down a bit. I assume maybe there was some growth in Canada or beyond the measured channels that we can't see. Maybe you can comment on that. But more importantly, I'm just wondering, in the data that we are going to be tracking, are you expecting a return to at least that low single-digit growth that you were expecting in the beginning of the year for the second half in just the consumption, the meal-plus type stuff that has pretty good coverage? Would you expect that? And would the improvement, if so, would the improvement be in the areas you were targeting earlier in the year around some of the merchandising and innovation on Cheez-It and Rice Krispies Treats? Thank you. Yeah, David, thanks for the question. What you're seeing in the measured channels, you hit on it. What you're not seeing is very good growth in Canada and very good growth in our away-from-home channels. So the non-measured channels performed at a rate that led to consumption growth overall in North America. Pringles also, you see doing extremely well. Lots and lots of momentum on Pringles. You see that in the measured channels. But it's also the same in the non-measured channels. So all those things together are what's leading to consumption growth. Going forward to your question, we would expect to see improvement in the measured channels. As I mentioned, you're seeing it in Pringles, which was kind of first out of the gate with our investments and with return to full commercial activation. You'll see that with the other big brands. You'll see that with Cheez-It in the back half of the year, as well as Rice Krispies Treats, Pop-Tarts, and Eggo. So we would expect the measured channels to start to catch up to some of the non-measured channels as we get into the second half of the year and exit the year. Great. Thank you. Our next question comes from Michael Lavery with Piper Sandler. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Thank you. Good morning. Just wanted to touch on Nigeria. Yeah, thanks. Just wanted to touch on Nigeria. And obviously, with the pricing, you've got a big lift, but of course, the currency and volumes are a big offset. I know you called out the volume momentum, excluding that. But what are you seeing there? Maybe sequentially, when could that improve? Have you seen any kind of digestion of the pricing that the consumers are adjusting and maybe the elasticities are starting to mitigate? Just trying to understand, obviously, that's a part of your emerging market footprint you call out as growth drivers that ordinarily wouldn't be kind of a point of stress. When can that turn and really be a proper volume growth driver again? Yeah. Thanks for the question. The Tolaram JV collectively recorded a volume decline in the high teens against a price mix gain of more than 40% year-on-year. So that's obviously hugely substantive. And we've been talking about the elasticities and the fact that elasticities would have to start to show up. And we're seeing that. We also talked about it being in our forecast for the back half of the year. We're being very prudent about that. We actually think there might be some upside to that as the price has landed in Africa. But we'll just have to wait and see. The team is executing very well on the ground, but the consumer in Nigeria is under a tremendous amount of strain. You can see that in the headlines. It's in our forecast, and perhaps there may be some upside to that forecast. I don't know. Amit, do you want to add anything? No. I think the only thing I'd add is that elasticities came in better than expected. So while the volume declines were in the teens, it was definitely better than what we had expected in the quarter. I think we need to continue to take some more pricing in some of our other categories. So I think we've assumed that elasticities would be there in the second half. And we'll see. We're encouraged by what we saw in the Q2, but we're being prudent about the rest of the year. Okay. Thanks so much. We now turn to Thomas Palmer with Citi. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Good morning, and thanks for the question. You indicated that the guidance increase reflects mainly the first-half upside and that second-half expectations were a little changed. I wanted to ask on the operating profit. I mean, maybe your expectations were different than consensus estimates, but I think the upside was quite a bit more than consensus estimates had. And just trying to understand if there's any incremental callouts as we think about the second half of the year in terms of pressure on that line that maybe would kind of limit that upside to guidance in terms of how you framed it. No, not really. I mean, I think if you kind of look at it, and we've talked this previously as well, right? The gross margin progression will moderate in the second half as some of the things that we lapped start moderating. We obviously had the TSA pass through last year in quarter four. So we'd be lapping that. I think the bottlenecks and shortages, which was a big driver of improved gross margin, particularly in quarter one, I think that's firmly behind us. We saw a little bit of that in quarter two, but it was largely in quarter one. So you want to have that in the second half. And then the country mix impact driven by the Naira in Nigeria will also start lapping that. If you recall last year, the biggest devaluation in the Naira was kind of around this time, so in quarter three. So you're going to start lapping that. So we continue to be very pleased with the progress that we're making on the margins. It's coming in better than expected. But we'll continue to see progression, but not as much as we saw in the first half because of some of the items that we are lapping. So I'd say that's probably the biggest driver. Brand building, we saw good double-digit increase in the first half. That's going to moderate in the second half because if you recall last year, in the second half, we had ramped up brand building. So the absolute pressure continues to be very good. But when you look at it versus the ramp-up in the second half, the growth moderates. So I think those are some of the puts and takes in terms of the second-half operating profit. Okay. Thank you. And then on inflation, I think you previously noted you thought it would be pretty neutral for the year. Is this still the expectation? And then is there anything to consider in terms of the cadence over the course of 2024 in terms of that rate? Thanks. No real change. I think that continues to be our outlook, to be neutral to slightly inflationary. I think costs are coming in pretty much as we had expected. Obviously, Nigeria, we're seeing inflation come through probably at a higher rate. But other than that, costs are coming in pretty much in line with expectations. Thank you. Our next question comes from Kenneth Goldman with JP Morgan. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Hi. Thank you. I wanted to ask about gross margins. The increases for you are impressive, obviously. And it's a trend we're seeing across the food group in general. But at the same time, we're also increasingly hearing from domestic food retailers, your customers, that they're increasingly aware, I guess, of their vendors' gross margin growth, if I can say that, as volumes remain constrained. So I guess the question is, understanding that much of the industry's margin increase is coming from efficiency efforts that should be sticky, how do you think about that balance between inherently wanting to try and drive margins higher and sort of being cognizant of what your customers are saying lately, if that makes sense? Yeah. Thanks for the question, Kenneth. Obviously, we all want to focus on gross margins because it's what drives the health of the business. And we're doing it through productivity. We're doing it by getting back to where we were in some ways because of the bottlenecks and the shortages. And we're increasing our brand-building investment quite substantially, which really helps put together winning retail programs. So what we need to do is grow faster than the retailers, same-store sales, through great activation, great commercial activation, have the right price point for the consumers so we meet them where they are. And then you get into a much more constructive dialogue with customers versus who's taking what share of the pie. And so, yeah, we are growing our gross margins, but it's against a backdrop of where we were. And we're increasing our brand-building investments, which helps our customers drive volume through their outlets. So that's basically how we would look at that. Makes sense. Thank you, Stephen. We now turn to Alexia Howard with Sanford Bernstein. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Good morning, everyone. Can we ask about innovation? Hi there. Can I just ask about the innovation graph that you put up? Obviously, you're back up to levels that are slightly above where you were in 2021. Are you actually able to give us a number on percentage of sales coming from new products this year? And perhaps more importantly, are you back up to where you would expect to be long-term, or is there another step up that we might expect over the next year or two? And just as a super quick follow-up, should we expect guidance for 2025 when you report next quarter? Yeah. Thanks, Alexia. So let's work backwards. We always release guidance and our February earnings, and that's what we'll do again this time. In terms of innovation, we don't really release numbers against that, but we are back to where we were pre-pandemic, as you saw on the slide. That's actually going to get better because that obviously includes a Cheez-It launch, includes the Pringles Mingles launch, and there's a whole host of innovations really by category, by brand group. So it's meaningfully different than it was in the last couple of years back to where we were in 2019 and 2018. 2019 was the Snap launch, which was a good year for us, and we're beating that. So we feel very good about innovation, and we've got a great calendar for next year as well. When we get to February, we'll talk about not only guidance for the year, but we'll give some outlook as to exactly the innovations that will be launched in 2025 as well. Thank you very much. I'll pass it on. Our next question comes from Stephen Powers with Deutsche Bank. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Hey, good morning. Hey, Stephen. I wanted to follow up on, I think it was Christopher Carey's question and your response. I think you talked about expecting a good balance of volume, price, and mix in the back half in North America. And I guess the question is, does that say you expect each of those components to be positive in the back half? Yeah. No, we don't really get into breaking that down in terms of a forecast, but I think we're returning to the type of balance that we seek. And the most important really is getting back to volume because it's a little bit aberrant when you look at it because of what we're lapping. We're lapping these enormous prices and these declines in volume. So now we're looking at better volume and less price. And so when you look at what you're lapping, it's just kind of strange. So we're getting back to volume growth, which I think is going to drive NSV growth, and you can kind of back into what that might look like. And the only thing I'd add is that when you go ahead, Amit. The only thing I'd add, Stephen, when you look at our second half is that if you exclude Nigeria, where we've talked, right, that we continue to expect volume declines because of the elasticity and because of the pricing that we're taking, if you exclude that, we pretty much expect volume growth in all of our other regions other than Nigeria. So I think you should expect that trend to continue for us in the second half. Okay. That all makes sense. I guess the follow-up, though, is that you've had good returns on this sort of return to activation and promotional investment that you've made so far. But as I'm sure you're aware, a lot of your direct and indirect competitors, some of whom reported today, some of whom reported earlier this week, some of whom reported earlier in the month, all have talked about kind of incremental step-ups in investment as we go through the back half. And you've talked about the environment as rational. Do you view those comments as rational? And amidst the competitive set arguably leaning in a bit more in the back half, do you expect the same kind of return on your run rate investments? Yeah. No, I would just reiterate we do see it as rational. We see things returning to where they were pre-pandemic, not anything more than that. The things that are going to drive these categories are innovation, brand building, quality display merchandising, all those types of things. We've all been impacted by extraordinary input cost inflation. So we've had to take a lot of price. The consumers obviously reacted to that. But a lot of that price discovery has happened. Consumers are getting more used to these prices. It doesn't mean they're not still under pressure and that we have to make sure to some of the earlier conversations we're hitting the right price points, the right pack sizes, the right promotions at the right time in the month. All those types of things are really quite important. But brands matter, and we have to make sure that we're continuing to invest in our brands and innovation, meeting the consumers where they are. But having said all that, we continue to forecast a rational pricing environment going forward. Okay. Very good. Thanks so much. Appreciate it. I think we probably have time for one more question, Operator. Our last question comes from Maxwell Gumport with BNP Paribas. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Hey. Thanks for the question. Just wanted to follow up on the last one there and get a better sense for should we expect or why do you not think your business needs more price investment given what we're hearing from all of your competitors, particularly competitors in your near-in categories within snacking? It feels like we're hearing more and more about these companies saying the consumer needs some pricing give back. It feels like retailers are saying the same thing. So I just want to make sure I understand why your own business doesn't need that. Thank you. Yeah, Maxwell. I just point you to we had a terrific Q2. We raised our guidance. We've got great confidence. You can't speak to where everybody else is, but we feel very, very good about where we are. We feel good about our innovations. We feel good about the return we're getting from our brand building. We feel good about our geographic portfolio. And I hope that you heard that come through in not only the results but the outlook. And so I just point you right to there and say we don't feel like we're missing anything. We don't feel like we need to do anything on the pricing front that we're not already doing that you haven't seen. Because again, here we are today announcing good results, very good results, and raising guidance. So I just would end it with that. Great. Thanks very much. Maybe one more? Yes. We have a question from Andrew Lazar with Barclays. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Great. Just a super quick one. Stephen, with all of the activation, commercial activation back up to more normal levels, we're hearing a lot of that about more normal levels of promotional activity from peers as well. It's all off of obviously much higher list pricing. So promoted price points are still quite a bit higher. So I'm just curious what you're seeing around lift on promotional activity, if it's kind of where you have always seen it, is it better, worse, or how that's trending. That's it. Thanks so much. Great question, Andrew. I'd say if you go back at the beginning of the year and the end of last year, the lifts were not great because I think the price discovery was still happening, as you point out, higher list prices. We're starting to see that improve. So sequentially, week in and week out, the investments that we're making are seeing a better return. That's part of our confidence in the back half of the year and the next year that the right level of investment will start to yield the type of returns that we saw pre-pandemic. Thanks so much. This concludes our Q&A. I'll now hand back to John Renwick for closing remarks. Okay. Well, thank you, everyone, for your interest and your time. If you do have follow-up questions, please do not hesitate to call us. Have a great day. Ladies and gentlemen, today's call is now concluded. We'd like to thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect your lines.