Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to Keysight Technologies' fiscal second quarter 2024 earnings conference call. My name is Sierra, and I will be your lead operator today. If at any time during the conference you need to reach an operator, please press star zero. This call is being recorded today, Monday, May 20th, 2024, at 1:30 P.M. Pacific Time. I would now like to hand the call over to Jason Kary, Vice President, Treasurer, and Investor Relations. Please go ahead, Mr. Kary. Thank you and welcome everyone to Keysight's second quarter earnings conference call for fiscal year 2024. Joining me are Keysight's President and CEO, Satish Dhanasekaran, and our CFO, Neil Dougherty. In the Q&A session, we'll be joined by Chief Customer Officer, Mark Wallace. The press release and information to supplement today's discussion are on our website at investor.keysight.com under financial information and quarterly reports. Today's comments will refer to non-GAAP financial measures. We will also make reference to core growth, which excludes the impacts of currency movements and acquisitions or divestitures completed within the last 12 months. The most directly comparable GAAP financial metrics and reconciliations are on our website, and all our comparisons are on a year-over-year basis, unless otherwise noted. We will make forward-looking statements about the financial performance of the company on today's call. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and are only valid as of today. We assume no obligation to update them and encourage you to review our recent SEC filings for a more complete view of these risks and other factors. Lastly, management is scheduled to participate in upcoming investor conferences hosted by Baird and UBS. And now I will turn the call over to Satish. Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. My comments will focus on three key headlines. First, Keysight executed well in a market environment that was largely unchanged from the first quarter. Revenue of $1.2 billion and earnings per share of $1.41 exceeded the high end of our guidance. Second, orders of $1.2 billion were in line with prior quarter. We saw pockets of growth and stability across multiple end markets, even as customer spending remained constrained. Our base case scenario for the full year is unchanged, with revenue relatively stable from Q2 to Q3 and orders increasing modestly in the second half. Third, our deep customer collaborations and relationships are strong and continue to inform our future roadmaps. These engagements reinforce our confidence in the long-term secular growth trends of our markets. The pace of innovation is accelerating across multiple vectors, and while remaining disciplined, we are investing to increase our differentiation and to capitalize on the waves of technology inflection ahead of us. Now, let me begin with a brief overview of Keysight's second quarter performance. Revenue of $1.2 billion and earnings per share of $1.41 were above our expectations. Revenue and orders continued to normalize from the strong prior year, but were stable on a sequential basis, excluding ESI seasonality. We delivered operating margin of 24%, reflecting a healthy gross margin of 65% and the cost actions and discipline that we have exercised to date. Turning to our business segments, Communications Solutions Group revenue declined versus prior year, which benefited from robust backlog conversion. On the demand front, orders were flat year-over-year and grew 4% on a sequential basis. Investment in defense modernization continued to drive activity in aerospace, defense, and government, and we were pleased to see commercial communications order growth for the first time after six consecutive quarters of declines. Wireline orders grew on a robust demand for our differentiated AI data center solutions. These include a new AI test platform that is being used by several industry leaders to emulate AI workloads and benchmark network performance. Hyperscaler customer engagements remained high as they accelerated their AI application development. We deepened our R&D collaboration with NVIDIA on next-generation communication technologies this quarter. We also saw strong demand for AI infrastructure solutions, including test and validation of 400- and 800-gig transceivers and ultra-high-speed interconnects in GPU-based compute systems. Our advancement of leading-edge network innovation was on display at the Optical Fiber Conference, where we demonstrated the industry's first 1.6 Terabit Ethernet Test Solution in partnership with industry leaders. In wireless, there are some encouraging signs of incremental improvement in the industry outlook as parts of the ecosystem continue to normalize. Our latest suite of 5G solutions, launched over the past year, is enabling ongoing investment in evolution of 5G standards, Non-Terrestrial Networks, and Open RAN. With the first round of NTIA grants to enhance testing of interoperability, performance, and security of Open RAN networks, we secured key wins with several customers in the U.S. We also saw increased demand for chipset R&D as well as component production. Earlier in the quarter, we partnered with industry leaders to showcase new products and solutions at Mobile World Congress, including non-terrestrial network chipset development with Qualcomm. Turning to aerospace, defense, and government. D efense modernization spending continued in radar and spectrum operations, space and satellite, and signal monitoring. We saw a healthy demand from the U.S. government and primes in the quarter. After several continuing resolutions, the 2024 U.S. defense budget was approved in late March. It includes a 5% increase for research, development, test, and evaluation, which is expected to drive incremental program spend. Strong demand for electromagnetic spectrum operations applications resulted in significant wins at U.S. and European primes. We expect this trend to continue into the second half and 2025. Turning to Electronic Industrial Solutions Group, orders and revenue continue to normalize from a record prior year, declining double digits as expected. Customer spending and market conditions remain muted, but, but we saw relative stability on a sequential basis. In semiconductor, the industry outlook is improving, with projections of recovery in 2025. Inventories are coming down to more healthy levels, and demand is picking up in certain areas, such as High Bandwidth Memory. Additional new fab installations were announced this quarter. In the near term, foundry customers are working through delays in existing projects and expect production to begin in late 2024 and 2025. Consistent with this backdrop, we saw improvement in our memory-related business and ongoing steady demand for Keysight's proprietary Laser Interferometer Positioning Systems. In automotive, revenue was sequentially stable when excluding acquisitions. We had a steady demand for both our EV and AV solutions. Beyond the headlines, consumer adoption of EV continues to grow, although at a slower pace. The development of cost-effective, longer-range batteries and a more robust charging infrastructure remains a strategic priority for OEMs and governments in a very competitive market. During the quarter, we expanded our global battery test footprint with a new large gigafactory customer in Europe. We're also pleased with the addition of ESI to our automotive and simulation software solutions portfolio. The business is tracking well to both top line and profit expectations. This quarter, ESI expanded its multi-decade collaboration with Volkswagen Group, establishing a joint material testing and intelligence simulation lab in Asia. This collaboration will advance automotive simulation technology and drive new industry standards, safety, and efficiency forward in the region. In general electronics markets, customer spending remains constrained, particularly in manufacturing, China, and the distribution channel. We do continue to see growth in digital health and advanced research, supported by government funding in Asia and the U.S., such as the CHIPS Act. This quarter, we expanded our partnership with EMVision in Australia to enable innovation in novel point-of-care medical imaging technology and analysis. As a key element of our solution strategy, software and services, orders and revenue growth continued to outpace overall Keysight. At approximately 39% of total revenue, software and services enhance the differentiation of our solutions and are more resilient in current market conditions. Within the chip domain, next-generation performance demands are driving an exponential increase in system-level design requirements and complexity. Keysight simulation and emulation software capabilities enable our customers to address these challenges and accelerate time to market for their advanced systems and chips. We recently introduced QuantumPro, an integrated EDA solution for qubit design and the development of quantum computers. In addition, we launched a new solution for die-to-die interconnect simulation, which is a key step in verifying performance of heterogeneous and 3D integrated circuit designs, commonly known as chiplets. Looking ahead, the pace of technology innovation and digitization is accelerating and proliferating across multiple industries and use cases. Keysight is investing today, both organically and inorganically, to capitalize on these future technology waves and inflections. In addition to steady organic investment in R&D, we are expanding our solutions portfolio and our served addressable markets through M&A. This quarter, we announced our intent to acquire Spirent Communications, a highly complementary business in network analytics. We also completed the acquisition of Riscure in the quarter, expanding our automated security assessment capabilities and solutions for semiconductors, embedded systems, and connected devices. In closing, I would like to thank our employees once again for consistently delivering value to our customers and shareholders. The Keysight team's high performance and winning culture is key to our success and a competitive differentiator. While it's difficult to call the timing of the recovery, we're encouraged by pockets of growth that are emerging, the relative stability of investment levels, and the strength of our customer collaborations. Consistent with the Keysight leadership model, we remain disciplined and continue to streamline operations to ensure strong financial performance in these dynamic market conditions. As we look beyond the current period of normalization, the long-term secular growth trends driving our business are intact. Taken together, our broad portfolio of differentiated solutions, strong customer relationships, technology leadership, and durable financial model positions us well into a market recovery. With that, I'll turn it over to Neil to discuss our financial performance and outlook. Thank you, Satish, and hello, everyone. Second quarter revenue of $1.216 billion was just above the high end of our guidance range and down 13% or 14% on a core basis. Orders of $1.219 billion declined to 8% or 9% on a core basis. As a reminder, Keysight's historical first- to- second quarter seasonality was muted by the cadence of the ESI business, with approximately half of ESI orders and revenue recognized in the first quarter of the fiscal year. Excluding ESI, orders grew 4% sequentially and revenue was in line with Q1. We ended the quarter with $2.3 billion in backlog. Looking at our operational results for Q2, we reported gross margin of 65%. Operating expenses of $496 million were down 2% year- over- year, even with the addition of ESI and Riscure. Excluding these acquisitions, SG&A expenses were down 10% or $29 million, reflecting the flexibility of our cost structure and actions taken to date. Q2 operating margin was 24% or 25% on a core basis. Despite a 14% decline in core revenue in the first half, first half operating margin declined 400 basis points, outperforming Keysight's downside model expectations and demonstrating the financial resiliency of the business. Turning to earnings, we achieved $247 million of net income and delivered earnings of $1.41 per share. Our weighted average share count for the quarter was 175 million shares. Moving to the performance of our segments. Our Communications Solutions Group generated revenue of $840 million, down 10% or 11% on a core basis. Commercial communications revenue of $563 million declined 10%, while aerospace, defense, and government revenue of $277 million was down 11%. Altogether, CSG delivered gross margin of 68% and operating margin of 27%. The Electronic Industrial Solutions Group generated revenue of $376 million, down 17% or 21% on a core basis. EISG reported gross margin of 58% and an operating margin of 19% due to the seasonality of ESI profitability, lower revenue volume, and some unfavourability in mix. Moving to the balance sheet and cash flow. We ended the quarter with $1.7 billion in cash and cash equivalents, generating cash flow from operations of $110 million and free cash flow of $74 million, which reflected higher cash taxes and the timing of collections in the quarter. Share purchases this quarter totaled 302,000 shares at an average price per share of approximately $153, for a total consideration of $46 million. Now, turning to our outlook. We expect third quarter revenue to be in the range of $1.18 billion-$1.2 billion, and Q3 earnings per share to be in the range of $1.30-$1.36, based on a weighted diluted share count of approximately 175 million shares. As we look to the full year, our base case scenario remains the same and assumes a mid-single-digit increase in revenue from Q3 to Q4, which implies full year revenue of approximately $4.9 billion. In closing, we remain disciplined and focused on what we control while investing to capitalize on the best growth opportunities as markets normalize and recover. Keysight's customer focus, technology leadership, and broad solutions portfolio give us confidence in the long-term trajectory of the business and the ability to outperform in a variety of market conditions. With that, I will now turn it back to Jason for the Q&A. Thank you, Neil. Sierra, would you give the instructions for the Q&A, please? Absolutely. If you'd like to ask a question, please press star one. We ask that you please limit yourself to one question and one follow-up. To withdraw your question, press the pound sign. Please hold while we compile our Q&A roster. Our first question today comes from the line of Rob Mason with Baird. Please proceed. Yes, good afternoon. Thanks for the question. It sounds like your base case for the year obviously is still intact. Just thinking through that more thoroughly, the orders typically in the third quarter may be down, may be flat to down slightly sequentially, and then you have better order trends in the fourth quarter seasonally. Should we think this is again still tied more to book and ship as you think about the revenue upticking in the fourth quarter? Or any help you can provide just on the clarity for that slope. Yeah. Yes, so first of all, I agree with your assessment of the typical seasonality of our business. As we typically move from Q2 to Q3, I'd say the, you know small downtick in both orders and revenue would be typical seasonality. Admittedly, hard to find over the last couple of years, COVID recovery, supply chain, but if you went back in time, that would have been the typical seasonality. Then with a mid-single digit uptick into Q4, driven by the NAVAIR annualized sales cycle or second half sales cycle, as well as the strength of aerospace defense business tied to the government fiscal year-end. And I think that's largely what we're seeing here this year as well, as we in terms of our expectation for the remainder of the year. Very good. And then just as a follow-up, could you dig a little bit deeper into your overall wireline business, the AI data center piece? Obviously, I'm seeing some strength. I'm just curious with these new platforms that are rolling out, you know, what stage of adoption are we seeing with those? And you know, just comment more broadly on the wireline business over and beyond the AI data center exposure. Thank you, Rob. I think, you know, this quarter, for the first time in six quarters, our commercial communications orders grew, and as a result of the inflection that we're seeing in the wireline business associated with AI. And it's still very early days as the world continues to look at all of the applications that could be that could be launched, leveraging AI at scale. And I would say it's still very early days, even for Keysight's business, so what we're seeing is probably a first a first inflection, I would say. The big headline that we've seen in the last couple of quarters and that accelerated this quarter was the push from customers to lead in the hardware infrastructure space and how critical its performance is for cost, for energy, and, and in general, for the user experience in the AI application. For Keysight, in our wireline business, you know, having the breadth of the portfolio that caters to networking, computing, storage, interconnects, and we're able to make contributions that are broad, but we're just getting started, is the way I would frame it up. The heterogeneous environment there is helping us play a critical role, and we're also engaged in a number of these standards bodies. So we saw strong double-digit growth in the business for the wireline business this quarter, and also sequentially, a strong uptick in Q2. Very good. That's helpful. Thanks, Satish. Thank you, Rob. Your next question today comes from Mark Delaney with Goldman Sachs. Please proceed. Hey, good afternoon, everyone, and you have Will Bryant on for Mark Delaney, and thank you for taking our question. So in your press release, you all reiterated that you are assuming modest order growth in the second half of the fiscal year. Can you give us some additional color on what gives you confidence that the orders will pick up in the second half? Thank you. Yeah, thank you. I think what we said is the market environment remains unchanged, and as we said in the previous call, we're not our base case does not assume any significant market recovery, right? So barring that, it's just a seasonal uptick in Q4, as Neil just referenced, coming from our aerospace defense business. But we are continuing to feel that the demand environment is stabilizing. I would say, as I pointed out earlier, wireline inflections and demand remain strong. I'd say the aerospace defense is stable, and our EISG business, which had seen four quarters, including the current quarter, of declines stemming from normalization in manufacturing, is also starting to show some seasonal or sequential growth, I should say, this quarter, all of which we view as trends of stability in the business. No, thank you. That, that's helpful. And just one quick follow-up and, and, just thinking about how you guys are managing OpEx as you guys are, planning the business in these volatile end markets, can you give us any additional color about what you're doing to manage OpEx? Yeah. I first I'd remind you of the statements we made a quarter ago, that we do expect, if excluding the additional OpEx from our acquisitions, our total OpEx spending to be down about 3% on a year-over-year basis, with all of that savings coming from the SG&A line items, as we look to maintain our investments in R&D to ensure that the business is well positioned to capture the upswing, when it occurs. I think, you know, we're looking in terms of the types of actions that we're taking, you know, we're obviously always looking for ways to streamline operations and drive efficiency in our business. I think if you take a look, you'll notice that over the course of the last four quarters, our headcounts are down about 5%. As we look to absorb attrition, we've provided some retirement incentives for folks to transition into retirement and have been absorbing those during this period of time. In addition, we obviously have a very flexible cost structure. Cost structure has been flexing as expected, which is also contributing to the financial performance in line with our model. Thank you. Our next question today comes from Aaron Rakers with Wells Fargo. Please proceed. Yeah, thanks, for taking the questions. I'll just put them both out there right away. I guess on the EISG segment, I'm curious on the semiconductor space. Can you first of all, help us appreciate the size of that or any kind of clarity you could give in terms of, you know, that piece of EISG? And you know, within that, how do we think about these fab projects being delayed, into late calendar 2024 and into 2025, and the timing, you know, when that starts to turn more positive? And then I'd also be curious on the interconnect side. You mentioned chip-to-chip, interconnect, simulation stuff. I'm curious of, you know, how much of an opportunity that presents? Who are you competing against there? And just kind of framing that out as far as opportunities we look forward. Yeah, so I'll take the first question, sizing of semi, and then we'll hand it over to Mark to make some comments on the market. What we've said is that our semi business is kind of 10%-ish of total Keysight, maybe a little less. Okay. Yeah, and then in terms of the fabs and the delays of timing, you know, we've been watching that closely over the last several quarters. We have seen some movement. You know, we've said before that our funnel gives us about six months of visibility out into market timing, and we're starting to see some activity that would suggest that some of those fab expansions that have been delayed, the funding associated with them, should be beginning to show some signs of CapEx spend, perhaps toward the end of the calendar year. But we're watching it very closely. We have very deep relationships with the customers, and certainly the underlying drivers for advanced process technologies related back to AI are continuing to be very strong, as these applications begin to grow at scale. And then last point of your question- Yeah. was on interconnect. The last part of your question, I didn't wanna miss it, was on interconnect technologies. And as you think about data centers scaling from today's node sizes of 300K or 250K to, you know, to 1 million and beyond, at some point, I think interconnects become very important. The nature of those interconnects, the high-performance requirement associated with them are critical, and therefore interoperability testing needs are key. And Keysight's differentiated technologies across our core product line is playing a critical role already and will continue to play a critical role moving forward to help our customers. Yep. Thank you. Thank you. Our next question today comes from Meta Marshall with Morgan Stanley. Please proceed. Great, thanks. Maybe a couple of questions for me. First, just on ESI, you know, any commentary in terms of, ability to sell that product to other customers as you get it integrated in, or just any commentary on early performance? And then just maybe as a second question, any update on long-dated orders or contribution of orders from long-dated orders worth noting? Thanks. Thank you, Meta. Again, we're quite, we're quite pleased with the acquisition. The performance in the first half has exceeded our, initial plans, so which is, which is good. Again, I view this simulation and emulation as a, as a long-term strategic priority for the company, and ESI was, was clearly, gave us some, differentiated capability to go pursue it. The culture fit, you know, one, two quarters in, is great, you know, because, you know, our teams are working seamlessly. The collaborative culture, the tech focus on technology, all of those things are headed in the right direction. And from a revenue acceleration perspective, you know, that's the focus for this team, right? It's, we're really prioritizing taking ESI's core products into aerospace defense in the U.S. and increasing our exposure with Asian auto manufacturers. I'll let Mark make some comments on how the sales team is doing on that front, but overall, quite pleased with the acquisition. Yeah. Thanks, Satish. It's been an exciting quarter and a half for us as we've begun to work more closely across different geographies. Really, the plan that we put in place back in late Q1 continues to be the plan we're executing around our common areas of focus from a customer standpoint in North America, where ESI is underexposed with aerospace defense. And then in both directions around auto, especially in Europe, we're seeing opportunities open for both our classic business and working closely with ESI. So, momentum, these are fairly long cycle sales cycles, many months to get to a point of closure, but we're already starting to see some progress in our funnel, and I'm encouraged with the way the teams are working together. Just a quick comment on long-dated orders. The mix of long-dated orders within the quarter were consistent with, with the recent past. Great. Thank you. Thank you. Our next question comes from Matt Niknam with Deutsche Bank. Please proceed. Hey, thanks so much for taking the question. Just two, if I could. First, maybe big picture, if you could talk a little bit about the Spirent deal, why now, and maybe some of the strategic rationale behind that deal. And then secondarily, just as we think about operating cash flow, maybe for Neil, if you could just maybe talk a little bit about some of the drivers of relative softness this quarter and how to think about working cap and some of the other items that go into that for the second half of the year. Thanks. Thank you. You know, we—Spirent's been a company we've known for some time. We used to have a partnership with them, and I think the rationale headlines are, first, you know, it's a SAM expansion opportunity. Think about the portfolio at Spirent with the focus on service assurance, positioning really a good fit to that network analytics expansion opportunity I laid out at Investor Day. And then, you know, when I think about the financial aspect of this deal, I think it creates, you know, value for customers and more scale and synergies inside the Keysight environment, but equally for our shareholders. It's a good deal from a point of view of it meets our hurdles, M&A hurdles internally, and it's accretive to gross and operating margins post-integration. So we feel really good about the opportunity. We're continuing to work through the regulatory process right now. Yeah, and then getting to your question on free cash flow and working capital. So obviously, free cash flow is a little bit softer within the quarter, but pointing out north of $350 million through the first half of this year. In terms of within the quarter, as I mentioned in the prepared remarks, we do have unseasonable or seasonably higher tax payments in the second quarter of the fiscal year. That was expected. And then the timing of revenue, you know, over the past couple of quarters was not conducive to high collections within the quarter; is the best way to say that. We actually entered the quarter with about $90 million lower accounts receivable than we entered the prior quarter, and then because of Lunar New Year and other things, we got off to a bit of a slow start in February, and so that meant that, as you know, those low Q2 revenues that otherwise would have been collectible within the quarter was we were off to a slow start. And your question about working capital, just a couple of comments. So while collections were lower within the quarter, we do not have any material increased risk around accounts receivable. Our allowance for bad debt is very low, and we tend to not have issues in that area. We do, however, have significantly increased inventory over the past couple of years, largely stemming from various things related to the supply chain. We delayed for a long time the refresh of our demo portfolio, so we could take new products and get them to customers. When supply chains normalized, we did refresh our demo portfolio and took the existing demo equipment and put it in our used equipment pool, which is a benefit now 'cause it gives us yet another opportunity to serve customers. And we also had to make some investments because some of our vendors were cleaning up their part lists. We had to make some longer term investments in assurance of supply and inventory. So I feel pretty good about it. I think there is a path to reducing inventory over time, but it's gonna be tied to market recovery. Thank you. Our next question today comes from David Ridley-Lane with Bank of America. Please proceed. Thank you. Good afternoon. You know, several competitors have pushed out their own recovery timelines. You're obviously sticking with yours. What are the one or two things that you would point to in the results that give you the most confidence in that outlook? Yeah, thank you, David. I think, look, we look at it one quarter at a time, and, you know, so far our focus has been on execution. In our discussion with customers, I would say that's the most relevant one, is, many customers have commented that they are going through the bottom. As their own economics improve, they've come back and they have doubled down on the programs and projects that we've been in discussions with. So, you know, that inflecting nature and the correlation to their business is perhaps the most important one that we look at. Big picture, when we start to look at macro factors, I would say SIA, you look at even smartphone sales, PC sales, other things, you start to see some improvement along with the PMI indices that are growing. So, you know, while not calling for a timing or magnitude of recovery, you know, at this point, we remain focused on execution. The one tactical area that we have in-house is the data on our pipeline. I'll have Mark make a comment on the pipeline. Yeah, David, I would just simply say our pipeline supports this expectation of the modest improvement in H2 orders driven by the seasonality in Q4. Funnel intake, which is growth of new business into the funnel, is up in pockets with the green shoots that we've already spoken about with AI and wireline memory, and continued demand in the longer-term secular businesses that we've spoken about with aerospace, defense, and EV. We have not yet seen the lift from the U.S. defense budget being signed in the middle of March, so we hope to see some of that come through as well. And again, velocity is key, and we're starting to see some of that pick up, which shows some confidence in our customers. Got it. Okay. And just quick follow-up on... You know, obviously, you have your internal plans and in terms of the cost actions you're taking. I was a bit surprised at the sort of the magnitude of the restructuring cost in the quarter, though. Did you take expanded actions, or is this all part of the plan as envisioned, you know, three, six months ago? No, no expanded actions. I think if you're looking at the reconciliations that were provided, the categories actually listed as restructuring/other, and there was a modest legal settlement that occurred within the quarter as well, that's skewing that number higher. Ah, okay. That explains it. Thank you very much. Thank you. Our next question today comes from Adam Thalhimer with Thompson Davis & Co. Please proceed. Hey, good afternoon, guys. In the EISG segment, yeah, do you see further weakness in revenue and margins in the back half, or do you think things improve versus Q2? Yeah, I think, you know, I would say the answer is twofold, right? One is on the order line, we think the demand environment improves a bit as we go into the second half, especially Q4, driven by some of the semiconductor spend that we're expecting to land in Q4. But, again, revenue would be offset because some of the business that we book in the EISG does have a bigger percentage of long-dated sort of backlog items. So, it is twofold. We expect that we'd expect that revenue would face some headwinds in the second half, even as orders improve. Yeah, you know, as you think about the margin situation in EISG, I highlighted kind of three factors, right? The seasonality of ESI, which is, you know, strongly profitable in Q1 and in a modest loss position the remainder of the year, that is impacting EISG profit. But by far the biggest driver is the revenue decline, right? So revenue's down sharply here in Q2, and I think as long as we're operating in these revenue ranges, it's gonna be reasonably range bound in the current operating margin vicinity. Just one add on the order line, you know, the EISG business in Asia went in about 2 quarters after CSP, so that, that was just lapped at the end of Q2. So that gives us some confidence that the comparators at least will be getting easier in the second half. Okay. And then one for commercial communications on... Can you help us frame the AI data center opportunity for you guys versus 5G at the peak? Well, first of all, from a timing perspective, it's very early days for the AI opportunity, primarily because there are obviously logical areas where we engage with customers, but we have several active collaborations underway around silicon. One on real-time training of clusters, interconnects, testing methodologies for benchmarking AI, protocol aspects of the new standard, UEC, transceiver manufacturing, interoperability. So while we are in booking some business today, and you know, we have several active collaborations underway, which are quite promising, and the ecosystem of customers that we serve will expand over time. Very hard to compare and contrast, you know, with 5G or wireless side. But I think the key for the commercial comms business has always been to increase our emphasis in early R&D, because we know that it makes us much more strategic and critical to customers. Second is to maintain diversity in application set, so we have both equal focus on wireless and wireline that give us ways to drive growth above market. And then we feel really good about our competitive position on our portfolio strength, and it's only gonna grow as we, as the industry adopts AI at scale. Okay. Good color. Thanks. Our next question comes from Mehdi Hosseini with SIG. Please proceed. Yes, sir. Thanks for taking my question. Two follow-ups. Satish, I'm trying to better understand how you're managing business beyond the second half, and I want to go back to the analyst day, talking about the 5%-7% longer term revenue growth, and obviously 2023, fiscal year 2023 turns out to be a lot worse, so it helps you with a lower base. And if I even think of the low end of that longer term revenue target range, your revenues in FY 2025 and 2026 would need to be up double-digit. And what I want to understand, as I noted earlier, I want to see how you're planning, how you're running the operation. I don't see any one killer app on the horizon. There are several smaller killer app, and to what extent M&A is going to be part of your strategy to hit that revenue target? I have a follow-up. Yeah. Thank you, Mehdi. So I know you asked several questions in one, but let's make sure I hit all of them. But I'll start by saying, look, we feel, you know, really good about our long-term growth expectations for this business. And as we laid out, the three-pronged growth strategy at Investor Day, you know, we see these technology trends are accelerating. We see transforming industries increasing our ecosystem of customers we can serve, and we see market dynamics with governments around the world investing for organic IP. So you know, none of those have fundamentally changed, and we feel like we're in a good position. And if you look at our strategy through this downturn is to continue to invest in R&D in a prudent way, but really focus those investments on where our customers need the most help, especially in the R&D labs of our customers, making us more strategic. And the cost actions that we've taken in navigating this downturn has been largely on the SG&A line. So we're, you know, we feel good about the opportunity that we see ahead. As far as, you know, the our ability to deliver to those results, clearly, while we feel good, you know, you know, it is possible that the timeline pushes out a bit, given the decline that we've had in twenty in 2024. And so a lot depends on the timing of the recovery. But if history is any measure, every time we've had strong pullbacks, we've had stronger, stronger, you know, uptrend as well in terms of orders. So we continue to watch that strategically. You know, software and services has been an area of focus for us. Software and services now is roughly 40% of the total company, which is a good, good trend, and we wanna keep driving that higher. And as I've reiterated before, we look at several deals. We've looked at over 350, 400 deals in the company, and we've only done about 20. So we're very selective in our strategy. It's not about revenue. We look strategically at the areas where we feel like we wanna make a bigger contribution and where we can bring value to those assets when they come inside Keysight. So, there is, from that point of view, there's really no change. We're an organic-first company. We believe in investing, with our customers, to create long-term value. Great. Thank you. And then maybe I'll follow up and put the question to Neil. As you think about these longer-term targets, and inventory, cash flow normalizing, should we assume that your free cash flow will go back to the historical, average of, like, high-teens percentage of revenue, that was very significant, when we were going through the upcycle a couple of years ago? Yeah, I think, I think over time, Mehdi, but I think in the short run, you know, the way we think about free cash flow internally is we look for a relatively high conversion of non-GAAP net income into free cash flow, and we've talked about running that in the 90% or higher range. And so while we don't have a specific free cash flow guide that we put out there, I think that's how we think about it over the longer term. The one thing that I would say, and you can see this by looking back in our history, is that there are periods in time where we have kind of non-standard cash flow items that can reduce that level of free cash flow conversion. Specifically, I'm thinking about things like restructuring costs, and most notably, given where we are right now, M&A costs, either integration or transaction costs associated with M&A. So as you start to think about us now working on the integration of ESI and hopefully in the not-too-distant future, beginning to work on the integration of Spirent, those things will be short-term drains on free cash flow conversion. I think the good news is the ability for us to you know, drive future benefits. We talked about Spirent being ultimately accretive to operating margins. It's ultimately gonna drive higher free cash flows going forward once we get through those periods of integration. Got it. Thank you. Thank you all for your questions. That will conclude our Q&A session for today. I would like to turn the call back to Jason Kary for any closing comments. Thank you, everyone, for joining us, and we appreciate the opportunity to speak with you today. We'll turn it back to Sierra just to wrap up and close the call. Thank you. That will conclude today's conference call. Thank you all for your participation. You may now disconnect your line.