Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by, and welcome to the CS DISCO third quarter fiscal year 2021 conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speaker's remarks, there will be a Q&A session. If you would like to ask a question during this time, simply press star followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. If you would like to withdraw your question, just press the pound key. I would now like to hand the conference over to your first speaker today, Lee Robinson, CS DISCO Investor Relations. Please go ahead. Good afternoon, and thank you for joining us on today's conference call to discuss the financial results for DISCO's third quarter and fiscal year 2021. With me on today's call are Kiwi Camara, DISCO's Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer, and Michael Lafair, DISCO's Chief Financial Officer. During today's call, we will review our financial results for the third quarter of fiscal year 2021 and discuss our guidance for the fourth quarter and full fiscal year 2021. Today's call will include forward-looking statements pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including, but not limited to, statements regarding our financial outlook, including our guidance for the fourth quarter and full year of 2021, our market opportunity, market position, product strategy, and growth opportunities. In addition to our prepared remarks, our earnings press release, SEC filings, and a replay of today's call can be found on our investor relations website at ir.csDISCO.com. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements represent our management's beliefs and assumptions only as of the date made. Information on factors that could affect the company's financial results is included in its filings with the SEC from time to time, including the section titled Risk Factors in the company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, filed with the SEC on September 3rd, 2021. Additional information will be made available in the company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021. In addition, during today's call, we will discuss non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are in addition to and not a substitute for or superior to measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation between GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures and a discussion of the limitations of using non-GAAP measures versus their closest GAAP equivalent is available in our earnings release. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to Kiwi. Thanks, Lee. Good afternoon, and welcome to our Q3 earnings call. Before I jump in, I want to thank the entire team of DISCOvians for all their incredible effort resulting in another stellar quarter. I also want to introduce our new Vice President of Investor Relations, Lee Robinson. Many of you will interact with her in the coming days and weeks, and we will make sure there is time for all of you to become friends. With that, let's jump in. On our last earnings call, we spent a good amount of time discussing DISCO, our history, and our strategy. For those joining our earnings for the first time, I would like to highlight a few key points. At DISCO, we are well-positioned to take advantage of enduring trends in the $767 billion legal services market that is being transformed by software. These trends include the expanding variety of legal work, the ever-rising volume of enterprise data that can become evidence in legal matters, and the growth in regulation that companies are exposed to around the world. We leverage advances in artificial intelligence and cloud computing to build products that automate large categories of legal work, freeing lawyers to focus on those tasks that require human legal judgment. We do this by combining world-class software engineering and design with a deep understanding of the law and how lawyers work and think to create product experiences that feel magical to lawyers. Our first product, DISCO Ediscovery, helps lawyers quickly find evidence in large collections of millions, tens of millions, or even hundreds of millions of enterprise documents and data. DISCO Review leverages DISCO AI to automate the process of legal document review using artificial intelligence models to automatically classify enterprise data into legal categories and identify potential evidence. DISCO Case Builder extends this product suite to witness testimony, helping lawyers find evidence in deposition transcripts. Our products all leverage our extensible, scalable platform that uses elastic compute to deliver phenomenal performance even on the largest datasets. By using our products, legal departments save time and money, free lawyers to actually practice law, and most importantly, achieve better legal outcomes. With that, I'm very pleased to provide a few updates on another strong quarter. We continued our excellent growth trajectory in Q3 with 67% year-on-year growth attributable to broad-based momentum across a large number of customers. We have successfully executed on our plan to add new customers and grow our usage with existing customers. Following our IPO, we've continued to broaden awareness of DISCO by attending and speaking at thought leadership sessions at legal industry conferences such as ILTACON, the main conference of the International Legal Technology Association, and General Counsel Conference East and Midwest. In total, our leadership and sales team attended 34 events globally in Q3. In Q3, we continued to see an increasing number of customers use more than one of our solutions. Our Ediscovery business has continued to grow and perform well, and we are pleased with the ongoing strength of our review business, including the expansion of customers who use review. Thanks to our sales and marketing organization's efforts, we saw a very impressive sales pipeline in Q3. This momentum contributed to net new client wins in the quarter. Sales performance is driven by a combination of tenured sales reps at DISCO seeing strong traction, new reps who have recently joined DISCO, as well as proactive inbounds from customers seeking our solutions in the market. We continue to see incredible outcomes for our clients, and I am constantly in awe at the results our products can deliver. One of our new DISCO clients is a leading medical device company. We were introduced to them by an Am Law 200 law firm who has referred more and more of its clients to DISCO. This new corporate client adopted multiple products and generated more than $200,000 of revenue in its first quarter with us. This is a great example of how our multi-product strategy and partnerships with the law firms to drive introductions to new customers is working well. A leading global mobility technology company recently decided to renew and expand its relationship with DISCO. This renewal and expansion was driven by the customer's satisfaction with our solutions and the efficiency of using DISCO to accelerate legal document review. This is a great example of the impact automation can have on the productivity and efficiency of legal departments and the tremendous return on investment customers experience by switching to DISCO. DISCO continues to support some of the most high-profile and mission-critical legal matters. Law firms involved in a front-page drug litigation matter currently use all three of DISCO's solutions and recently renewed their DISCO Case Builder subscription. We continue to receive positive feedback from clients with special mention of our customer service. We are incredibly focused on customer-centric innovation and have a long history of using customer feedback received through the sales cycle, quarterly business reviews, and industry events to inform our development priorities. Based on feedback from our product advisory council, we developed DISCO Early Case Assessment, or ECA. ECA is the process of quickly evaluating large collections of evidence before a full-scale legal document review. A robust ECA platform is especially beneficial for large matters where there are tens to hundreds of millions of documents. With the DISCO ECA, customers get access to the full suite of DISCO analytics and visual search, including the ability to apply DISCO AI models trained in full-scale legal reviews to data in ECA. Likewise, as lawyers identify important documents in ECA, this creates an additional signal that strengthens our DISCO AI models. With the DISCO ECA, we have extended DISCO AI to a larger and richer set of data from our customers, while at the same time making DISCO Ediscovery and DISCO Review even more effective for our customers' largest matters. We are excited to roll out DISCO ECA to more customers over the next few quarters and continue to build a full stack of solutions that make our customers' day-to-day work more magical. While delivering continuous feature innovation, we also continue to invest in our platform. One of the hallmarks of our products, going all the way back to 2013, has been performance. Over the past year, we have improved ingest speed by more than 30%, search speed and viewer rendering by more than 20%, and production speed by 63%, with 89% of productions completing in less than 30 minutes. For those of us who struggled with poor performance using competing solutions, speeds like this are like going from dial-up to broadband. As you can see, we continue to invest in getting even faster. We are also proud of the launch of DISCO University, an integrative learning program available to Discovians, channel partners, and customers that gives these audiences the ability to deepen their relationship with DISCO through continuous learning and certifications. In the roughly one week between the launch and the end of the quarter, we had over 150 individual clients and partners complete over 4,000 courses. We are confident that in the coming quarters and years, DISCO University will grow to become a leading resource for legal professionals. Because of the traction we see from all our products with customers across industries, we will continue to ambitiously invest in our go-to-market teams and scale the rest of our operations to meet the needs of our clients. With that, I'll turn it over to Michael, our CFO. Thank you, Kiwi. Before I discuss the results and guidance, I'll reiterate a few important aspects of DISCO's business model. As we mentioned on our last earnings call, we primarily have a usage-based model that is driven by the number and nature of matters, volume of data, length of time on the platform, and other factors. Our customers appreciate the transparent pricing model and simple contracts that allow them to quickly adopt our solution and easily scale their usage. Now let's discuss our results and guidance. As Kiwi mentioned, Q3 revenue was $29.9 million, up 67% year-over-year. We had strong performance with growth coming from new customer wins and the expansion of existing customers across all of our products, covering a broad spectrum of clients. In discussing the remainder of the income statement, please note that unless otherwise specified, all references to our expenses, operating results, and share count are on a non-GAAP basis. Our total gross margin was 74%, up from 69% in Q3 of the prior year. As a reminder, our gross margins fluctuate from period to period based, for example, on the amount and types of data ingested and managed on our platform. We expect gross margins to continue to be within the band we've historically seen. Sales and marketing expense was $12.9 million or 43% of revenue, compared to 40% of revenue in Q3 of the prior year. This represents an increase of over $5.8 million in the quarter year-over-year as we continue to scale our go-to-market organization. Research and development expense was $9.4 million or 31% of revenue, compared to 34% of revenue in Q3 of the prior year. This represents an increase of over $3.3 million in the quarter year-over-year as we continue to invest in innovation. General and administrative expense was $7.8 million or 26% of revenue, compared to 16% of revenue in Q3 of the prior year. This is driven in part by the associated cost of becoming and operating as a public company. Operating loss was $8 million, representing a margin of -27% compared to -20% in Q3 of the prior year. Adjusted EBITDA was -$7.6 million in Q3, a margin of -25% compared to a margin of -18% in the prior year. Overall, our EBITDA decreased due to a combination of investment across all operating expense categories. Net loss was $8.2 million versus $3.7 million in the prior year. Net loss per share was $0.17 versus net loss per share of $0.28 in Q3 of the prior year. Turning to the balance sheet and cash flow statement. We ended Q3 with $258.5 million in cash and cash equivalents. This is inclusive of the IPO proceeds we raised in July of $223.2 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions. Operating cash flow year to date was -$18.8 million, compared to -$17.7 million a year ago. Now turning to the outlook. For Q4, we are providing revenue guidance in the range of $28.2 million-$28.8 million, representing year-over-year growth between 47% and 50%. We are providing adjusted EBITDA guidance in the range of -$10 million to -$9 million, representing an adjusted EBITDA margin of -33.3% at the midpoint. As I mentioned on our last quarterly call, we do anticipate operational costs to continue to grow in Q4 and next year as we continue to invest in our product, go-to-market team, and G&A. On a full year basis for fiscal year 2021, we are raising our revenue guidance to $108.7 million-$109.3 million, representing year-over-year growth between 59% and 60%. We expect adjusted EBITDA between -$21.1 million and -$20.1 million on a full year basis. In summary, we are pleased with the trajectory in which we are headed and will continue to drive transformation of the legal industry, enabling legal professionals to efficiently provide better outcomes for their clients. We are going after a large market and plan on making significant investments across DISCO in 2022 to ensure we can efficiently keep pace with our growth as we scale. I'd like to now turn the call over to the operator to open up the line for Q&A. Operator? At this time, if you would like to ask any questions, just press star one on your telephone keypad. To withdraw your question, press the pound key. We'll pause for just a moment to compile the Q&A roster. Your first question comes from the line of Sterling Auty from JP Morgan. Your line is open. Yeah, thanks. Hi, guys. So one question, one follow-up. These are two popular ones that I've gotten from investors, so I think it's helpful just to level set people. Can you give us a sense when you look at the percentage of users or when you look at the user base in total, what percentage of those that are on the platform are actually sitting in corporate legal departments versus the outside law firms that they're actually using? Sure. All of the spend for DISCO obviously comes from the legal department budget of litigants, generally, large corporations. In terms of users, it depends on the corporation's kind of insourcing versus outsourcing strategy. A typical approach would be that the corporate has a couple of in-house counsel and maybe an internal sort of paralegal-style team that does the initial assessment of corporate data that may be relevant to a new legal matter, like an investigation or a lawsuit. For example, if there's an internal whistleblower complaint, the users may be entirely internal to the corporate legal department, where they'll use our platform to collect enterprise data, do their investigation, and then decide whether or not they need to take action. Similarly, in the litigation context, internal users in the legal department might conduct that initial review and then decide that it's appropriate to negotiate a settlement so that the case never actually winds up in court. Now, if a legal matter progresses beyond that point, most corporate legal departments will engage outside counsel at a law firm to represent them in the legal matter. Once that happens, the preponderance of the users shifts from the legal department to lawyers at outside counsel. These are often large teams of lawyers who are conducting a legal document review, providing advice to the client, and ultimately taking other action, like, you know, filing lawsuits or filing motions, taking depositions, doing all the other kinds of things that happen in big legal disputes. The exact split of users varies company by company based on how much the company insources, relative to using law firms, and it also shifts over the lifetime of a legal matter. That makes sense, and that's a good bridge over to the follow-up is when you look at the decisions on e-Discovery solutions, any qualitative description of, you know, what percentage of those are just corporate legal departments deciding on their own on the pathway that they wanna go versus those that are either partially or maybe even heavily influenced by the outside legal firm. In other words, investors are trying to understand how important are the outside legal firms to the decision process on e-Discovery tools? Each customer falls somewhere on a spectrum from entirely in-housing the decision about e-Discovery to entirely outsourcing it to the law firms they work with. At a high level, Sterling, a good way to think about it is roughly 50/50. You know, 50% of the time, the principal decision-maker will be someone sitting in the legal department. 50% of the time, the principal decision-maker will be someone sitting at the law firm. But when I say principal decision-maker, I don't mean sole decision-maker, right? Generally, there's a consultation process. There are many stakeholders involved in each of these sales. If you think of a typical large corporate legal department, maybe they frequently use four or five different law firms to represent them, and they may also have sold risk to a variety of insurers who will weigh in in connection with their e-Discovery decisions. That's kind of a network of decision-makers who all work together. Now, this is why when we've talked in the past about the importance of our partnership strategy with law firms, that's why that strategy is both so important and so effective, right? If you're a lawyer at a law firm, you represent multiple clients. Some of those clients will be using DISCO, and some of them will be using one of our competitors. The lawyer at the law firm gets to have both experiences, and our belief is that very frequently, those lawyers develop a strong preference for DISCO. What happens then is that they go to their other corporate clients and either influence the decision or if the decision is outsourced to them, they simply make the decision to switch to DISCO, and that's how we spread from corporate to law firm to corporate to law firm. Understood. That's very clear. Thank you, Kiwi. Thanks, Sterling. Your next question comes from Koji Ikeda from Bank of America. Your line is open. Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my question. Really nice quarter here. Just a couple from me. Looking at the fourth quarter guidance, you know, nearly 50% growth here, so really great growth, but it is down a bit sequentially. However, that sequential decline is less than what we saw in the Q3 guide, you know, that you gave during the second quarter results. How should we be thinking about that? Is there any large cases that you are anticipating coming off the platform or maybe already have in the fourth quarter? Or is this just another element of conservatism here? Hey, Koji. Thanks for the question. You know, as a new public company, and this is our second quarterly call, we wanna be prudent in our guidance. Q2 was an outsized performance. We were really excited about the growth of 88% in that quarter, and we're equally excited with the growth of 67% in Q3. We wanna be conservative. I've said that before, and we wanna be prudent in our guidance. We feel really good about the quarter and the numbers and the momentum in the business, and so we feel good about it. Got it. Then just one follow-up from me here on net revenue retention. I know you guys aren't giving that out, but maybe if you could help us understand from a directional perspective. I know in the prospectus, the original IPO prospectus, it was 122% for the first quarter. You know, could you help us out maybe directionally? Was it I mean. Was it 0? We're still pleased with that number. It's north of what we published in the S-1, and we're really pleased with where it is. Got it. Thanks, guys. Thanks for taking my questions. Really appreciate it. Your next question comes from the line of Tyler Radke from Citi. Your line is open. Hey, good evening, guys. Thanks for taking my question. I wanted to just help see if you could help us understand just kind of the moving pieces between Q2 and Q3. Obviously, as you called out, Michael, there was a kind of unusually large impact from a large customer in Q2. Maybe just help us understand, like how much did that large customer revenue kind of go down sequentially and, you know, where you made that up, was that primarily new customers or expansions? The shift is not due to any particular customer as opposed to our business as a whole. If you look at Q2, the way I described that on our last earnings call was a tsunami of goodness. It's literally everything going right that could go right in our business. If you think about every customer at DISCO or each of our businesses or each of our geographies, each of them have fluctuation because of the usage-based nature of our business. What you saw in Q2 was all of those, usage-based streams having their positive variance stack up. In some sense, Q2 with 88% growth is an example of how good good can be when everything in our business goes right. Now, coming off of that amazing quarter, we couldn't expect that all of those fluctuating trends would again stack up magically in Q3. We gave you conservative guidance. Of course, as Q3 actually turned out, it was another stellar quarter, and we beat that guidance by 16%. That's how to think about it. There's not a particular customer that's driving ups or downs. It's more appropriate to think that our whole business is usage-based and has these kinds of fluctuations, which informs our guidance philosophy. Okay. That makes sense. I know there was quite a few job postings you guys have had on, you know, DISCO Review and kinda some of the services stuff. Just curious how the progress of that organization is going and, you know, what you're seeing both from a hiring perspective, given the labor shortages as well as a demand perspective, from customers. Thank you. Yeah. We've had great progress, less so in services than in review. Our review business, we've been making big investments in scaling up the leadership team. I think it's public now. We added a leader of that team, Umair Muhajir, who joins us from EY Law, and we added a director, Sa'ida Joseph, who joins us from Morgan Lewis. Those are two examples of really high caliber folks who we've added as we're scaling out the review operation. Our services side, as you know, is a much smaller portion of our business, and we've made sort of ordinary hiring there, to keep up with our growth. We're much more focused on the three core lines: e-Discovery, Case Builder and Review. Your next question comes from Brent Thill from Jefferies. Your line is open. Hi. This is Luv Sodha on for Brent Thill. Congrats on a great quarter, guys. Maybe the first question for Kiwi. You know, Kiwi, great quarter. Wanted to ask about, you know, we're looking at this data from, you know, federal case data, and we see this massive backlog in terms of pending cases. Is that something that benefits you guys? How do you see the sustainability of that backlog as you head into 2022 and 2023? Yeah, I read this in your report, and I certainly can see the thinking behind it. I can tell you on the ground, this is not something that we've been talking with customers a lot about. It does make sense that if there is such a backlog, that backlog could create a tailwind for DISCO, but it just hasn't been our experience on the ground. What we hear from customers is much more of the usual, that sort of the timing of legal matters can't really be controlled, and it just is what it is, right? If you think about usage of our platform, it's driven by when a regulator opens an investigation or when a lawsuit is filed or when a whistleblower complaint comes up. I think earlier in COVID, so the quarter right after COVID hit. There was more of an impact because you literally had courthouses shut down, and that cut both ways, right? It lengthened the kind of usage of our product for matters that began before the shutdown, but it also delayed the addition of new data for matters that were delayed due to the shutdown of the courts. We're just not seeing that as much right now. Got it. Great. Maybe a quick follow-up. You know, you mentioned some great hiring on the go-to-market side. I guess, could you talk to us a little bit about how you are tracking relative to your goals? I know during the IPO process, you were talking about, you know, 10 reps a month. Is that still a good, you know, benchmark going forward in terms of, you know, your go-to-market investments that you're making? We're continuing to invest aggressively in go-to-market, and it's not just quota-carrying sales reps, although they're the tip of the spear. It's also the roles that are to the left and right of them. We've been increasing our investment in marketing programs, things like digital and field marketing. In my prepared remarks, I talked about the 30+ events that we attended in Q3, which is a notable change as the world is coming out of COVID. We've also invested in scaling headcount across our SDR team. Those are folks focused on lead generation and scaling headcount across our customer success organization, which is very focused, obviously, on customer success, but also on identifying upsell and cross-sell opportunities. If we look at what's going on in the business, what I'll tell you is that our pace for investing in go-to-market, both in terms of programs and headcount, is only accelerating. We expect to continue that not just through the end of this year, but into 2022 and beyond. Got it. Great. Thank you. Your next question comes from David Hynes from Canaccord. Your line is open. Hey, guys, nice work here. A great set of numbers. Kiwi, what are you seeing the legal service providers do to slow the adoption of AI-driven review solutions? I mean, the value prop just seems so obvious to me that I'm curious how they sell against it. Well, look, I think we're winning. I think the numbers bear that out, and so does what we're hearing on the ground. I think what you're seeing is the fact that it's a really large market, right? There is so much room for software-based solutions to grow while these services companies in some sense hang on. I think many of the owners and management teams at these services companies are pursuing a sort of consolidation, drive margins, kind of a classic private equity style strategy to continue milking the market before this transformation happens. I'm obviously a bit biased, but from my seat, I really haven't seen an effective answer to the underlying trend, which is driving DISCO's growth, which is the move away from services to software. Yeah. Okay. I don't know if this is better for Michael or you, Kiwi, but I wanted to ask about R&D spend. I mean, we've seen a pretty significant jump, right? It's up more than 50% since Q1 of this year. Any way to put a finer point on kind of where that investment is going? You know, is it being allocated towards kind of existing product enhancements? Is it being, you know, put towards working on new stuff? Just any qualitative color there would be helpful. It's principally being allocated to our existing three products, so e-Discovery, Review, and Case Builder. One thing that is, I think, unique and special about DISCO is our focus on investing in platform as well as features. In my prepared remarks today, we talked about both, right? We talked about an example of innovation on the feature functionality side, which is DISCO ECA. We also talked about, and I think it's equally or even more important, about the kinds of investment we're making on the platform side, which manifests to customers in things like performance, in the accuracy and capability of our AI models, and so forth. We continue to invest aggressively in R&D. I'll tell you one thing about our R&D spend that I think is important to understand. When you look at kind of early-stage tech companies, there's two types of R&D, right? There's the R&D that let's go build a product and kind of hope the market is there and iterate, you know, until we figure out product market fit. There's the kind of R&D that we're doing at DISCO now, which is everything we build has a huge waiting list of existing customers ready to pony up money for that, for those capabilities. It's, you know, our number one focus is scaling out and go-to-market and S&M next year, but you will see us continue to invest in R&D because ultimately, we think the way you build great companies is product. Yeah. Yeah. Great. Very helpful color. Thank you, guys. Your next question comes from Derrick Wood from Cowen. Your line is open. Great. Thanks for taking my questions. Congrats on another strong quarter. Kiwi, I wanted to ask what kind of impact you've seen in brand awareness since the IPO. I know you mentioned attending more events this quarter, but any way to couch how the IPO, if any, has given you more market awareness or how it may be helping with lead gen or win rates? The number one change in our business we've seen is a tidal wave of inbound RFPs. It's hard to. I mean, we get so many of these RFPs now that we actually struggle to answer them, which is, of course, a wonderful problem to have and one that we'll address through hiring. But that, I would say, is kind of the single biggest change. Across our business, right, we are seeing great engagement at the field marketing events that we go to. We're also. You'll remember last quarter I talked about an increase in our win rates. More recently, we've seen that increased win rate be sustained in Q3. You know, whether that's DISCO's maturity or some lift from the IPO process, I think what's going through customers' minds is, "Look, DISCO, as a well-capitalized public company, is somebody I can partner with as I think about my journey to adopt legal technology over the next three, five, 10 years and beyond. Makes sense. Michael, one for you, on the gross margin side. I mean, we've seen it bump around, you know, 73% to 71%, now 74%. Just remind us the mechanics behind what changes those and then maybe what you're thinking about how to model Q4 and what's kinda baked into your guidance. Yeah. Derek, good question. As I've mentioned before, you know, the margin does move around. It's kinda similar to the fact that we've got this usage-based model and the type of data that's ingested, the mix of the data can potentially impact the margin. I wouldn't read too much into the margins in Q3. It was an awesome quarter. I'll take 74% blended margin any day of the week. The margins in Q2 were a little bit lower. That was an outsized performance quarter, but still 67% year-over-year growth is also outsized and exceeded our expectations. We're really pleased with the 16% beat. Just any help in terms of directional comments around how to think about Q4? Q4, I really would look at our guidance, both the revenue and the adjusted EBITDA margin. We're not guiding at the gross margin level. I would say that you know, you should basically look at the historical bands that we've seen over the last couple of quarters, and that's really the guide you should go by. Got it. Thank you. Your next question comes from Scott Berg from Needham. Your line is open. Hi, Kiwi and Michael. Congrats on the great quarter, and thanks for taking my questions. I guess I have two. Kiwi, in your pre-scripted remarks, you talked about seeing customers use more than one product a little bit more. It sounded like Review was the specific module that had a pickup there. I assume most of your net dollar retention today is still just expanded usage on the e-Discovery side of the platform. As a customer adds those additional products, how should we think about their spend with DISCO? If they're adding Review or CaseBuilder, does a dollar go to another dollar, goes to three dollars maybe buying all three solutions? Or what does that ratio look like? Thank you. $1 goes to $3. This obviously varies a bit customer by customer, but if you look at mature customers who are adopting all solutions, their total spend is 2-3x their e-Discovery-only spend. That's why we're so excited about this multi-product strategy, right? It creates an enormous tailwind for growth as we go into 2022 and 2023 and continue to drive higher multi-product attach rates. It also demonstrates one of the key pieces of leverage in our business, which is over time, as we add more and more products to our portfolio, we're able to capture a bigger percentage of the legal budgets of our clients with very little incremental S&M spend, providing a pathway to long-term operating leverage. Very good. Helpful there. Thank you. From a follow-up perspective, I know you talked about one of your legal firm partners referring a large customer in the quarter that had $200,000 worth of revenue in the quarter. How should we think about that partner traction overall in terms of the leads or referral business that you're seeing from them today versus, you know, maybe six or nine months ago? Well, I can give you color that our—I mean, our relationships with law firms are absolutely core to our strategy. You'll remember that's my own background, right? The origin story of DISCO is a bunch of lawyers at a law firm being so frustrated with existing solutions that we actually built our own. You know, back in the day, we had no intent to profit. It was not our intent to start a company. We were just so frustrated, we wanted better tooling for ourselves. Then we said, "Oh, wow, you know, there's a lot of demand for this," and we spun it out, and that's the story of DISCO. But it's woven throughout our organization. You know, the phrase we use is to build product experiences that feel magical for lawyers, and that's who we are. It's in our DNA. The lawyers at these law firms, they see it, and then they become champions and advocates. It works two ways. It works both in that kind of partnership model, where they introduce us to their clients, to corporate legal departments, but it also works in a second-order way because most in-house counsel started out as associates or partners at law firms. Some, you know, a lawyer will start and get to know DISCO using it at a law firm for one of our corporate clients, and then that lawyer, as they become more senior in their career, will take an in-house job, and they'll bring DISCO with them. Over time, they'll move across multiple companies, and they'll take DISCO with them. That kind of network effect and investing behind the absolute delight of individual users is just key to our strategy. Excellent. Congrats again on the strong quarter. Again, if you would like to ask any questions, just press star one on your telephone keypad. Your next question comes from Parker Lane from Stifel. Your line is open. Yeah. Hi, gentlemen. Thanks for taking my question. Wanted to ask about the international opportunity. Kiwi, you just referenced you've had a tidal wave of inbound RFPs. I was wondering how many of those have come from internationally domiciled organizations, and how that's informing your investment in either physical presence or much stronger go-to-market investments to address these areas in 2022. You know, I don't have that stat close to hand on what percentage of RFPs come from internationally headquartered companies, but I can give you two pieces of color there. One is that these RFPs generally come from large multinationals, and so sort of regardless of where they're headquartered, the scope of the RFP tends to be global legal matters or at least more than one country. Sometimes it's a particular geography. That's kind of data point number one. Data point number two is that we continue to see strong momentum outside the United States, and importantly, a big chunk, I mean, the vast majority of that momentum is being driven by local business, not by U.S. multinationals. It's not like we opened a London office solely to service American headquartered clients. We both have American headquartered clients, and we've had success at developing local business with European headquartered multinationals. Over the next few years, you'll see us accelerate our investment in international, expanding to more geographies elsewhere in the world both to capture that local business and so that we can service our existing clients everywhere they operate. Yeah, makes a lot of sense. Thinking about your commentary on ingestion and production speed improvements, how much of that has come from your own internal development efforts versus those of, you know, some of the third parties like Amazon Web Services that you're actually, you know, building the platform on top of? Yeah. Look, we think that taking advantage of cloud computing and the network of technologies that folks like Amazon and Elastic have built on top of the cloud is really table stakes for how you should build a modern product. Yet it's not universal in legal, right? It still remains one of our huge differentiators that we didn't forklift a code base written to run on some service provider's kind of server under their desk and just run it in a cloud environment and call it cloud. Instead, we built a cloud native product that aggressively leverages things that make cloud unique, like elastic compute. You know, we're a really big user of AWS Lambda, which lets us rapidly scale out compute to deal with surges of data. We're able to get fleets of GPUs for very small increments of time, which lets us apply the latest, deeply compute-intensive approaches to machine learning and AI. Those things are sort of core to what we do. While you would think they would be broadly adopted in legal tech, in our view, they still have not been. Now, on top of that, about half of our R&D budget is dedicated to investing in platform. You can think of those as the things that DISCO has built on top of those cloud native technologies, where even if you did the cloud native part, you haven't done the DISCO proprietary part. That's all kinds of things throughout the platform. They tell me that I sometimes bore people with the technical details, so I'll spare you. One example is, when you think about, any given document, that document will be related to many other documents. For example, it could be an email that's in a conversation with other emails, or it might be a document that has similar documents that might be earlier drafts of a contract that somebody is looking at. It could have dozens of these other kinds of relationships. One of our big investments was building a system that allows us to update documents even though the document contains all of these other relationships, which might make it, basically very expensive to update from a compute and time point of view. That's one example of the kind of technical investment that is perhaps boring to our customer, but translates into things that our customers care deeply about, which are the performance stats that I included in my prepared remarks. Yeah. Appreciate all the color, and congrats on the quarter. That concludes our Q&A session. I will turn the call over back to CS DISCO's Co-Founder and CEO, Kiwi Camara, for closing remarks. Thank you for joining us today. I'm very excited about the momentum we are building, and our third quarter results are a fantastic representation of this. We have firm belief in our ability to scale our business, attract new customers, and accelerate adoption of our solutions with both new and existing customers. We strive every day to innovate and create a magical experience for our customers. They are our focus. We will continue to aggressively invest behind each of our growth opportunities and are confident that we can drive long-term durable growth and redefine how law is practiced. We thank you for your interest in DISCO and for joining our Q3 2021 earnings call. As this concludes today's conference call, thank you for participating.