Good day, everyone, and welcome to today's Marriott International Q2 2024 earnings. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, you will have the opportunity to ask questions during the question-and-answer session. You may register to ask a question at any time by pressing the star and 1 on your telephone keypad. You may withdraw yourself from the queue by pressing star and 2. Please note this call is being recorded. I will be standing by if you should need any assistance. It is now my pleasure to turn the conference over to Senior Vice President, Investor Relations, Jackie McConagha. Thank you. Good morning and welcome to Marriott's second quarter 2024 earnings call. On the call with me today are Tony Capuano, our President and Chief Executive Officer, Leeny Oberg, our Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President, Development, and Betsy Dahm, our Vice President of Investor Relations. Before we begin, I would like to remind everyone that many of our comments today are not historical facts and are considered forward-looking statements under federal securities laws. These statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, as described in our SEC filings, which could cause future results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by our comments. Unless otherwise stated, our RevPAR Occupancy Average Daily Rate and Property Level Revenues comments reflect system-wide constant currency results for comparable hotels, and all changes refer to year-over-year changes for the comparable period. Statements in our comments and the press release we issued earlier today are effective only today and will not be updated if actual events unfold. You can find our earnings release and reconciliations of all non-GAAP financial measures referred to in our remarks today on our Investor Relations website. Now I will turn the call over to Tony. Thanks, Jackie, and good morning, everyone. We delivered another strong quarter as travel demand remained robust in most markets around the world, and our net rooms grew by 6% year-over-year. Second quarter global RevPAR rose nearly 5%. Average daily rate increased around 3%, and occupancy reached 73%, up about 150 basis points compared to last year's second quarter. RevPAR rose nearly 4% in the U.S. and Canada, benefiting from the shift of the Easter holiday. All chain scales in the U.S. and Canada, from select service to luxury, posted positive second quarter year-over-year RevPAR growth. RevPAR increased over 7% internationally, led by a remarkable 13% RevPAR gain in Asia-Pacific excluding China, or APEC. APEC benefited from strong macro trends and increased cross-border travel, especially from mainland China. Growth in APEC was broad-based but particularly robust in Japan, where RevPAR rose 21%. RevPAR grew nearly 10% in the EMEA region, with continued strong regional and cross-border demand, and about 9% in the CALA region. To date in 2024, the City Express portfolio has meaningfully outperformed the overall Mexican market, as well as our own internal RevPAR expectation, and Bonvoy penetration at the hotels continues to improve steadily. RevPAR in Greater China declined roughly 4% in the quarter as macroeconomic pressures led to softer domestic demand. The region was also impacted by an increase in outbound high-end travelers. Positive RevPAR growth in Tier 1 cities, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, was more than offset by declines in all other markets, with high-end seeing a meaningful RevPAR decline. Despite the adverse market conditions, we outperformed our peers and gained RevPAR index across the region in the second quarter. Our global RevPAR index, which is at a substantial premium, also rose again in the quarter. As we look ahead to the full year, we are narrowing our global RevPAR range to 3%-4% growth, largely due to anticipated continued weakness in Greater China, as Leeny will discuss in more detail. On a global basis, in the second quarter, we saw RevPAR growth across all three of our customer segments: group, leisure transient, and business transient, with each segment experiencing increases in both room nights and average daily rate. Group, which comprised 24% of worldwide room nights in the quarter, remained the strongest customer segment. Compared to the year-ago quarter, group RevPAR rose 10% globally. Full year 2024 worldwide group revenues were still pacing up 9% year-over-year at the end of the second quarter, with a 5% increase in room nights and a 4% rise in ADR. Business transient, which contributed 33% of global room nights in the quarter, saw a 4% increase in RevPAR. Leisure transient, which accounted for 43% of worldwide room nights in the quarter, posted a 2% rise in RevPAR. Within the business transient segment, demand from small to medium-sized corporates, which now account for nearly 55% of business transient room nights, has grown significantly over the last few years. Earlier this month, we announced Business Access by Marriott Bonvoy, a new comprehensive online booking travel program that we launched to ease and expand the booking experience and travel management process for these customers. While it is still early days, this new offering is already seeing great interest, and we're extremely pleased with the initial account sign-ups and users of the platform, both of which have outpaced expectations. We continue to enhance our powerful Marriott Bonvoy loyalty program, which had over 210 million members at the end of June. We continue to see real success driving enrollments and engagement internationally, in part due to our Bonvoy partnerships with Rakuten in Japan, Alibaba in China, and Rappi in CALA. Member penetration of global room nights rose again, reaching new record highs in the second quarter at 71% in the U.S. and Canada and 65% globally. Our new collaboration with Starbucks is the latest example of how we're connecting our members with people, places, and passions that they truly love. We also remain laser-focused on providing our guests with excellent experiences in our hotels and are pleased with our intent to recommend scores, which have continued to steadily rise. Our leading global portfolio continues to grow meaningfully faster than overall industry supply, and we added approximately 15,500 net rooms to end the quarter with nearly 1.66 million rooms. Global signing activity has remained strong. Record signings in APEC and Greater China for the first half of the year helped grow our pipeline to over 559,000 rooms around the world. Conversions, including multi-unit opportunities, remain a significant driver of growth as owners continue to value the depth and breadth of our brand portfolio and our powerful revenue engines. In the second quarter, conversions represented 37% of openings and 32% of signings. This conversion activity has been broad-based, with hotels converting into 23 different Marriott brands over the last 12 months. While still below 2019 levels, we're also pleased with the continued upward trend in monthly construction starts. In the second quarter, construction starts in the U.S. and Canada rose 40% year-over-year. In June, we signed three marquee luxury conversion deals in the U.S. The renowned Resort at Pelican Hill in Newport Beach, California, and the Luxury Collection Hotel Manhattan Midtown have already joined our system. The iconic Turtle Bay Resort in Hawaii is joining the Ritz-Carlton brand today. We are thrilled to welcome these incredible properties as we further extend our global leading position in the high-value luxury segment. Our momentum in the midscale space is excellent. Developers are showing significant interest in our new brands in the tier: City Express by Marriott, Four Points Express by Sheraton, StudioRes, and our latest transient conversion-friendly brand in the U.S. In CALA, we continue to sign deals for City Express and are engaged in numerous discussions across the region. Our first Four Points Express opened in Turkey, and over a dozen hotels from our recent multi-unit conversion deal in APEC are expected to join our system later this year. We're also in talks for StudioRes hotels in over 300 markets, and we continue to execute on and pursue numerous types of opportunities, from large development deals to one-off projects. Before I turn the call over to Leeny to discuss our financial results, I want to say thank you to all of our associates around the world for the hard work they do each and every day to advance our business and help connect people through the power of travel. Leeny. Thank you, Tony. Second quarter, gross fee revenues rose 7% year-over-year to $1.34 billion. The increase reflects stronger global RevPAR, rooms growth, and higher non-RevPAR-related franchise fees. Co-branded credit card fees rose 10%, and residential branding fees were significantly higher than in the same quarter last year, as we continue to benefit from our top position in branded residences globally. Incentive management fees, or IMFs, totaled $195 million in the second quarter. Growth in these fees was led by mid-teens% increases in APEC and EMEA, partially offset by an $8 million decline in Greater China. IMFs in the U.S. and Canada were flat year-over-year, in part impacted by continued softness in Hawaii. Second quarter adjusted EBITDA grew 9% to $1.32 billion, and adjusted EPS increased 11% to $2.50. Now let's talk about our outlook for 2024. Global RevPAR is expected to grow 3%-4% in the third quarter and for the full year. RevPAR growth is expected to remain higher in the vast majority of our international markets than in the U.S. and Canada. The primary change in our full-year outlook is Greater China's updated expectation of negative RevPAR growth for the rest of the year. We expect a continuation of current weak demand and pricing trends in the region, with the third quarter anticipated to see the most meaningful RevPAR decline as outbound travel accelerates during summer holidays. Note that given Greater China's lower overall average RevPAR compared to the rest of our system, it typically makes up around 7% of RevPAR-related fees, although it accounts for 10% of open rooms. While we also expect marginally lower full-year RevPAR in the U.S. and Canada than we had previously anticipated, in part due to less group business the first two weeks of November, given the intense focus on the U.S. presidential election, overall RevPAR trends in the U.S. and Canada in the back half of the year are expected to remain relatively steady with the first six months of the year. By customer segment, worldwide RevPAR growth is still anticipated to be driven by another year of strong growth in group revenue, continued improvement in business transient revenues, and slower but still growing leisure revenues. In the third quarter, gross fee growth is expected to be in the 6%-8% range. Our owned lease and other revenues net of expenses are anticipated to be roughly $75 million. For the full year, gross fees could rise 6%-7% to $5.1 billion-$5.2 billion. Compared to last quarter's expectations, roughly two-thirds of the reductions is from IMFs, largely from Greater China, and select markets in the U.S. and Canada, like Hawaii and Washington, D.C. There's also additional negative currency impact from a still strong dollar, as well as slightly lower than previously expected non-RevPAR-related franchise fees and the timing of hotel openings. Owned lease and other revenues net of expenses could now total $345 million-$350 million. We now expect full-year G&A expense could rise just 1%-2% year-over-year. Full-year adjusted EBITDA is now expected to rise between 6%-8% to roughly $4.95 billion-$5 billion. Our 2024 effective tax rate is expected to be just above 25%. 2024 adjusted EPS is now expected to be between $9.23 and $9.40. As Tony mentioned, we're very pleased with the robust signings and openings activity across our global portfolio, demonstrating owners and franchisees' continued confidence in our brand's performance. We're focused on driving strong growth and still expect full-year net rooms growth of 5.5%-6%. Full-year investment spending is still expected to total $1 billion-$1.2 billion. As you'll recall, this spending includes higher-than-historical investment in technology associated with the multi-year transformation of our property management, reservations, and loyalty systems, the vast majority of which is expected to be reimbursed over time. We look forward to the many benefits expected to accrue from elevating our three major tech platforms. Our investment spending outlook also incorporates roughly $200 million for our owned lease portfolio, including renovation spending for the W Union Square in Manhattan and the Elegant portfolio in Barbados. When all renovations are complete, we'll ultimately look to recycle these assets and sign long-term management contracts for these properties. Our capital allocation philosophy remains the same. We're committed to our investment-grade rating, investing in growth that is accretive to shareholder value, and then returning excess capital to shareholders through share repurchase and a modest dividend, which has risen meaningfully over time. We continue to generate strong levels of cash, including from our loyalty program, and our leverage ratio remains at the low end of our target range of 3-3.5 times debt to EBITDA. We currently expect approximately $4.3 billion of capital returns to shareholders for the full year. This factors in the $500 million of required cash in the fourth quarter for the purchase of the Sheraton Grand Chicago. In closing, we have a lot of momentum in our business and strong growth prospects across our over 30 brands around the world, thanks to our terrific team. As we look ahead, we're incredibly optimistic about Marriott's future. Tony and I are now happy to take your questions. Operator? Thank you. At this time, if you would like to ask a question, please press the star and one on your telephone keypad. You may remove yourself from the queue at any time by pressing star and two. We will pause for a moment to allow questions to queue. We will take our first question from Stephen Grambling with Morgan Stanley. Hey, thanks for taking the question. I guess on the guidance in the second half, it looks like you kind of lowered overall RevPAR by about 50 basis points. The reduction in EBITDA is about 2%. I realize that a lot of that looks like it's incentive management fee-related. But is that the appropriate kind of operating leverage to consider going forward? And what levers do you have to pull if you were to see the backdrop deteriorate further and try to take additional action? Sure. Thanks, Stephen. So a couple of things in that question. One is the reality that when we typically talk about one point of RevPAR being $50 million-$60 million in fees, that's assuming that that's equally across all markets around the world and doesn't have any FX impact. And so I think you are clearly seeing with the drop that we talked today that the impact of the change in our outlook for Greater China has a disproportionate impact. When I think about Greater China's mix between base fees and IMFs, it's obviously quite different than it is in the U.S., where you have an owner's priority return. So for one point of RevPAR in Greater China, that is typically something more like $3 million in fees, which is going to be more heavily weighted towards IMFs than it would be in the U.S., where it would have a dramatically smaller impact. So I think we really have to look at the geography rather than necessarily just thinking about it as being a 0.5 point overall because it is overwhelmingly related to Greater China, with just a slight, truly a tad bit lower expectation in the U.S. and Canada. Got it. That's helpful. Maybe one kind of unrelated, it could be related follow-up, is just there's always been these questions around fees per room and how the NUG plus RevPAR translates to overall fees. There's a lot of puts and takes in the quarter, but has anything changed in your thought process or as we look at the longer-term algorithm as we think about that fees being related to net unit growth plus RevPAR? Yeah. No, we think you're absolutely right. We believe the algorithm absolutely holds up over time. You do have, as you described, the impact of certain elements changing unevenly. So in this particular situation, it is one market having a potentially large change in expected RevPAR for the rest of the year. But what we've talked before about our expectation of fees per key is actually rising over time, especially as we can think about also having our rapidly growing non-RevPAR fees. So we're very pleased with those continuing trends and do not believe that the fundamental algorithm is any different. Great. Thank you. I'll jump back in the queue. Thank you. We will take our next question from Shaun Kelley with Bank of America. Hi. Good morning, everyone. Tony or Leeny Oberg? Hi, Sean. Hi, Leeny. Just wanted to start with the RevPAR guidance. So if we kind of take the pieces here, obviously we know where we came in in the first half of the year, and you've given us color on Q3. I believe in the prepared remarks, you said Q3 would be the weakest point for China. But when we kind of do the pieces, I think Q4, the implied guidance is below Q3. So what's driving that sort of weaker Q4? Is it group timing? Is it some other shift? I know you mentioned the election, but I think you also said the U.S. is pretty stable. So kind of what's driving? Check the math, but if the math is right, what's driving the weaker Q4? Is there anything in that Q4 run rate anybody needs to be concerned about or aware of? Yeah. No, thank you, Sean. And you're right. We can point out kind of an interesting distinction there between Q3 and Q4. With China only being roughly 10% of our rooms, that impact of the lowest quarter in the back half of the year being Q3 doesn't have that much of an impact on Q4. What's going on on Q4 is, as we described, that we are seeing a bit lower group bookings specifically in Q4 around the election, which is having an impact on the expectations for U.S. and Canada in Q4 versus Q3. Though as we described, when we look at the entire back half of the year, we do expect to see really a similar sort of RevPAR growth number as you see in the first half of the year. And then on top of that, you've got your other international markets just continuing to normalize. So when I look at the first half of APAC and EMEA and CALA, I would expect that their back half is a little bit lower. And so in that regard, as you move towards Q4, you continue to see additional normalization, although still quite strong RevPAR in those markets. And you put all that together, and that's where you get a bit lower outlook for RevPAR in Q4 than Q3. Maybe just add a little more context to that, Shaun. Obviously, we knew there was an election this year and baked what we've seen as historical softness. But when you look back over prior election cycles, we tended to see a little bit of group softness the week of election. Given sort of the unique attributes of this election cycle, we're seeing that bleed into the week after the election as well. From a group perspective, about half of November is feeling the impact on the group side. Great. Thanks. And just as my follow-up, just to kind of hit on China specifically, obviously, I think you gave us a little bit of the heads-up that this was softening last quarter. The real question though, I expect we'll get some, is this bleeding at all into the development side, right? The signings and the development side was a highlight for the quarter broadly. But what are you seeing on the ground there? And is that softness at all starting to impact developer conversations or signing conversations in Greater China? It's a great question, and it's sort of an interesting riddle. As you heard in my prepared remarks, we had record signings in the first half of the year in China. I think it's really about the long-term prospects in China. Our owner community, certainly the SOEs there, continue to believe in the long-term dynamics of travel and continue to both sign and start constructing. So we really have seen no slowdown at all on that front. In fact, it's interesting. We signed 63 select service deals in the first half of the year in China. Almost half of those are expected to open within 12 months. So as we look at the pace, we ask the same question as you. Are we stacking paper? Are we signing deals that are going to materialize as openings? And the pace of construction is really encouraging. The only thing I'll add is that I think with our continued strength in RevPAR Index in Greater China, especially as you see demand softening over the past six months or so, we have seen increased owner appetite for being with the really strong brands that we have and across the full range of brands. We're really pleased to see kind of from the limited service segment all the way up through luxury, the really strong demand for the brands, including conversions in China, I think really demonstrating that it's frankly in the weaker times that sometimes the brands can prove the most powerful. Thank you so much. Thank you. And our next question comes from Smedes Rose with Citi. Hi. Thank you. I wanted to ask you a little bit more. I mean, you mentioned some weakness in Hawaii, and I just was wondering, are you seeing it across all regions, or is it maybe more isolated in Maui with what's been going on there? And is it sort of leisure, or is it sort of group incentive meetings? What's sort of driving relative weakness in that region? Yeah. Sure. Smedes. And yes, I think Maui is definitely still seeing the slowest recovery. You still have the reality that the dollar is very strong, and Hawaii has always been a very popular place for Japanese travelers. And so overall in Hawaii, we've still not seen the level of Japanese travelers back in the state. But obviously, the tragedy in Lahaina has clearly had a huge impact on the island. And while we were there with Tony with the senior team a couple of weeks ago, and there's been fabulous progress, and it is really coming along well, but clearly still that island in particular is having a slower recovery than the other parts of Hawaii. But Hawaii overall is still feeling the impact of the strong dollar. Okay. And then I just wanted to ask you, you mentioned that IMF fees were flat in North America. I think you just remind us what percentage of your system in North America is currently paying IMF? Sure. Absolutely. So interestingly, it's the same percentage as a year ago in the second quarter. 26% of the hotels in the U.S. are paying incentive fees in the second quarter. And just as a reference point, in Greater China, we went from 86% to 80%. So you see that really large delta given the structure of the management agreements. Overall, for managed contracts for Marriott, we went from 62% paying incentive fees last year in the second quarter to 61% this year. So you can see that in the U.S., it's fairly steady and more limited to certain pockets geographically that weren't quite as strong. Great. Thank you. Appreciate it. Thank you. Our next question comes from Joe Greff with J.P. Morgan. Good morning, everybody. Morning, Joe. Your gross fee guidance for the full year is lower by about $50 million-$100 million versus what you gave in May. I was hoping you can break that out between the net impact from China, the election impact in the U.S., and FX. Yeah. So let's do this. IMFs are definitely two-thirds of that. And I would say if you're looking at that, a solid half, if not a bit more, is from Greater China. Now, that you've got to get into how much is the RevPAR versus how much is FX, and there is a bit of both. Then you're also looking in IMFs at some in the U.S., which let's call it, broadly speaking, roughly $10 million from various markets not performing as well as we expected a quarter ago. Then you've got also FX overall is affecting both some base fees and IMFs. So to separate it out, you get a bit into kind of which element are you describing. But I would say that China is the biggest impact on the change in IMFs, which is two-thirds of the overall $75 million reduction. And then you've got a bit from the U.S. and a bit from FX. Obviously, the lower RevPAR globally has a little bit of impact. And then ever so truly, ever so slightly is related to non-RevPAR fees. Great. I think, Tony, in your prepared remarks, you talked about construction starts in the U.S. and Canada up 40% year-over-year. We're hearing that from others as well. Can you talk about construction starts outside the U.S., how that has been trending? Yeah, of course. So as I said, here in the U.S., up about 40%, which is really encouraging. In Greater China, I might refer to the comment I made earlier. Again, in China, as you know, oftentimes projects that come to us are well under construction. So we tend to look more at what percentage of those deals might open within 12 months of signing. And to see nearly half in Greater China is really encouraging. In APEC, Asia-Pacific excluding China, there are still some challenges getting projects financed. And there's a continued wait for a little easing in the interest rate environment. And in EMEA, you've got a similar circumstance. Financing is continuing to be a bit of an impediment. But despite everything I just described between all of the regions that we talked about, construction starts on a global basis are up that same number, about 40%. The other thing I would tell you is the combination of some improvement in construction start activity and continued really strong performance on the conversion side. We've now had 27 straight quarters with about 200,000 rooms or more under construction. Even with really strong openings, we continue to see those starts fuel the under construction pipeline. Great. Thank you very much. You're welcome. Thank you. Our next question comes from David Katz with Jefferies. Hi. Good morning, everyone. Thanks for taking my questions. What I wanted to do was just get a little further insight on the NUG guidance, broadly speaking, which is the same. And the makeup of that NUG, where we're focused on, let's say, the MGM deal, which is a sort of different kind of fee structure than what you have. And should we be looking at that NUG and that pipeline through a more updated lens where there are going to be more of those kinds of deals in there? And just thinking about how we model fees in response to that NUG over time, if my question's clear enough. Yeah. Yeah, it is. And I think the short answer is I don't think it should cause you to think materially differently about our NUG, about the value of our NUG, about our fee structures. MGM was an extraordinarily exciting and unique opportunity to bring two powerhouse sets of brands together. And that caused us to be creative on the deal structure. But the vast majority, almost the entirety of the pipeline, fits squarely in our traditional approach to managed and franchise deals. The only thing I would add, David, is that we are really pleased with the number of multi-unit deals that we're signing. But overwhelmingly, they're multi-unit franchise or managed deals that are typical, but they just represent an owner wanting to sign a number of properties up with Marriott rather than a onesie or a twosie. So in that regard, it's great for our growth, and we're really pleased with the continuation of those relationships, but they don't represent a fundamental change in the nature of the agreements. That's really, really helpful. While we're on the subject, as my follow-up, could we just touch on the MGM deal and talk about how it's going? Any data points or anything like that would be helpful. Thanks. Yeah. The short answer is it's really going great. I talked to Bill not long ago, I think, from both companies' perspectives. We are elated at the volume of both transient and group leads that are coming through our systems, the number of folks that are considering linking their MGM Rewards and Marriott Bonvoy accounts, the number of groups that are unique groups that are now available to the MGM portfolio. So I think on all fronts, we are thrilled. Excellent. Thank you. Appreciate it. You're welcome. Thank you. Thank you. Our next question comes from Brandt Montour with Barclays. Good morning, everybody. Thanks for taking my question. Morning. Good morning, Leeny. I want to talk about group pace for 2025. Have you guys seen that pace remain consistent? Has it strengthened or softened quarter-over-quarter? And have you seen any booking hesitation from large groups for 2025 in relation to the election and the uncertainty around the election? Yeah. So good questions. As I mentioned in my prepared remarks, the forward bookings for the balance of 2024 are consistent with last quarter, with about 9% improvement. In 2025, as we look ahead, right now, 2025 is pacing at 9%, which is a little erosion from last quarter. But most of the change is due to pace in room nights. Some of that is around the length of time that folks are booking now, but group continues to be a standout. That's great, Tony. Thanks for that. Then just a second question on owned and leased. It looks like the 2Q came in nicely ahead of plan, and you raised the full year. Maybe just highlight which regions stood out there and then the second-half outlook for owned and how that squares with your broader sort of shifting in thoughts for that portfolio. Thanks. Sure. As you know, our owned lease portfolio is a bit disparate around the world, and so it can depend on certain markets. Obviously, in Europe, its business has been good, and so those results are strong. It also contains termination fees in that category. I think the reality is the outlook for termination fees is a bit higher than it was a quarter ago. It's, as you noted, a very modest change in the overall guidance. We're pleased with how well the hotels are doing in that portfolio. We've got a little bit of renovation impact that goes on, but otherwise, overall, really consistent view of the results in that segment with a little bit more termination fees. Great. Thanks, everyone. Thank you. We will take our next question from Daan Politzer with Wells Fargo. Hey. Good morning, everyone. Thanks for taking my question. Good morning. In terms of the unit growth, certainly pacing well, and you've given a lot of color in terms of both China as well as ex-China. But as we think about kind of the exit pace for this year and the setup for next year, to what degree do you have confidence in achieving that 5%-5.5% CAGR that you laid out in your analyst day last year? So first of all, it won't surprise you. We're not ready to talk about specifics for next year, but we certainly continue to believe that the 5%-5.5% guidance that we gave in September of 2023 is appropriate. Whether we've got a specific budget that looks at a number that is higher or not, we will get there as we move through the process. The thing I'd like to point out is conversions and also the adaptive reuse numbers that Tony talked about relative to Greater China. Given that we are looking at roughly 30% of our room openings coming from conversions and then the adaptive reuse numbers that we've talked about, I think we do continue to see a great horizon of near-term openings over the next 18 months around the world. Tony pointed out the three luxury conversions that opened this year in the U.S., and those were in-the-year, for-the-year conversions for the company. So those deals were signed this year and opened this year. So from that perspective, we do continue to feel really good about the demands for the brands. And then we talked a little bit about the uptick in construction starts, and I think you put that together, and that bodes well for the company's continued net rooms growth. Got it. Thank you. And then just I think, Leeny, you mentioned that leisure is still growing, albeit slowly. Can you maybe unpack that a bit and talk a little bit about the underlying trends there, either by chain scale or booking window or any changes you've seen in that customer base? Yeah, sure. You're right. We saw leisure grow 2%. And while that's clearly nothing like group that was at 10%, it's still encouraging given they came out of COVID rapid fire and with huge increases in RevPAR. So very pleased. Global leisure nights were up 2%. ADR was up 1%. And even the U.S. and Canada leisure RevPAR was up 1%. And when you look at the various segments, global luxury resorts were up 4.1% in terms of RevPAR, and U.S. luxury resorts were up almost 1%. So while I think there is, at the margin, a hair more caution from the U.S. customer, we do see that there continues to be very strong demand on the leisure front. The other thing I'd point out is that we clearly are seeing a stronger performance in the upper chain scales than compared to the lower chain scales. You're seeing that throughout the industry as well. So when you look at premium and luxury, that overall is stronger than it is at the lower Chain Scales. Dan, just to provide a little more context, I mean, Leeny referenced the strength we've seen in leisure. Remind yourself, leisure was the fastest customer segment to recover. And over the last five years, RevPAR in the leisure segment's up 40%. And so to continue to see quarter-over-quarter improvement in leisure RevPAR on the shoulders of that sort of recovery for us is quite encouraging. The last thing I'll say is we do expect for the full year, while it will not be, it'll be relatively the slower growing segment compared to group and BT, we still do expect it to be up for the full year as well. Understood. Thank you so much. Thank you. And our next question comes from Bill Crow with Raymond James. Hey, good morning. If I could just start with a follow-up on that last question. Are you seeing the sluggishness at the low end creeping into higher income levels at this point? No. Not really. I think one thing is just interesting is that ancillary spend around the world, U.S. and Canada and, frankly, all of the other regions, ancillary spend was a hair softer than we anticipated. And I think it does show that the consumer in general is perhaps being a bit more judicious about the fancy dinner or going on that extra trip when they're on a vacation. And that is really the only thing. It's not trade down in any meaningful way. And as we pointed out, the resort RevPAR was sturdy. But that's really the only item that I can point to. Yeah. I think, Bill, the empirical data that supports Leeny's observation, when you looked in the quarter at occupancy improvement by quality tier, luxury was actually the tier that had the best improvement at almost 2.5 points of occupancy year-over-year. And so, again, that high-end consumer continues to show real resilience and real appetite for travel. I think the one thing we're watching is what Leeny pointed out, and that's the ancillary spend. Yeah. Okay. Thanks. If I could just follow up with a quick one about the balance of travel between inbound and outbound international. This was supposed to be the summer where it kind of equaled out, and that's not happening. Could you just update us your thoughts on how you see that recovery playing out, especially inbound into the United States? Yeah. So interestingly, inbound is about the same as it was prior to COVID. You're 4%-5% of the nights in the U.S. are from cross-border. And it's the same as usual where big cities like New York and Miami continue to get outsized presence from cross-border travel. But they also continue to be from the markets like Canada and Mexico coming to the U.S. As we look at going to other markets, we are seeing that we've gone a hair higher than 2019 levels. We're almost to 20% of our business around the world is cross-border. Now, part of that, the reality is we've got more international rooms than we had in 2019. But you continue to see with a strong U.S. dollar, you continue to see great travel from U.S. Travelers, for example, going to Japan, going to Europe, Middle Eastern travelers traveling to many other countries. So I think the global nature of travel is only increasing, which from our perspective is fabulous. Great. Thank you. Thank you. We will take our next question from Ari Klein with BMO Capital Markets. Thank you. Good morning. Going back to China, historically, that region has been a sizable outsource of travel demand globally. Based on the commentary, that piece still appears to be largely holding. Why do you think that's the case, and is that something you anticipate changing? Could you repeat it? You broke up some on the question. Do you mind repeating it, please? Sorry about that. Yeah. So just China has been a sizable outsourcer of travel demand globally. And based on the commentary, that piece still appears to be holding. Why do you think that that's the case, and is that something you expect to change given the broader weakness within China? So I'll give you a couple of facts and also a reminder that a year ago, you were just starting to see Chinese travelers leaving the country. So one of the big differences in Q2 is there was meaningfully better airlift out of China to other parts of the world. Now, while the U.S. airlift is still not back to where it was, overall, they're about 75% back to where they were in terms of airlift to other countries, and particularly to other countries in Asia-Pacific. So no doubt, our Asia-Pacific hotels outside of Greater China benefited from the higher-income travelers in China wanting to go outside of China now that, frankly, it was a freer opportunity to do so on the heels of the recovery from COVID. So we are seeing that. I will say the travel to and from the U.S. is definitely not back to the levels that it was. We do continue to expect to see really strong outbound demand from Greater China. I will point you again to the overall macroeconomic picture there in Greater China, which has, frankly, meant that overall levels of travel spend have not recovered as fast as perhaps might have been expected. The only thing I would add are the other catalyst we've seen is the Chinese government has been more and more aggressive in striking visa deals with preferred destinations, removing one more layer of friction for outbound Chinese travelers, especially at the high end. And we're seeing that particularly in our results across APAC. Thanks for that. Then just on the 40% increase in U.S. construction starts, is there any notable difference between the starts on select service hotels versus full-service hotels? No. Overwhelmingly, our pipeline, as you might imagine, is overwhelmingly limited service in any event. And most of the full-service deals that we're doing are conversions. So this is quite similar to 2019 where they're overwhelmingly select service new builds. Thank you. Thank you. Our next question comes from Robin Farley with UBS. Great. Thank you. Just going back to the topic of unit growth, you talked about the increase in construction starts, but if you look at sort of overall under construction as a% of pipeline, it's still, I want to say it's that 37%, still quite a bit lower than historic. So I'm just wondering, you mentioned it's not really China's not the issue there. Is it a lot of projects that are sitting that haven't gotten the financing, or is it actually churn and projects falling out, new projects coming in so that% of under construction isn't necessarily ticking up? Just any color around that? Thanks. Yeah. It's definitely not churn. I mean, we continue to see kind of historic low levels of dropout from the pipeline. I think here in the U.S., while we're encouraged by that pickup of 40%, you still and it's a bit ironic because when you talk to the lenders, often the hospitality component of their commercial real estate portfolios are the best subset of that portfolio. But the availability of construction debt is still relatively constricted to where we were in a pre-pandemic situation. And as a result, we're not back to where we were pre-pandemic in terms of shovels in the ground. Trends are going the right direction, but we're just not all the way back yet. Okay. Thank you. And just as a follow-up, looking at 2025, and I know you haven't guided specifically, but you had that sort of 2-year guidance that kind of implies for 2025 that conversions will kind of accelerate, I think, as a% of new units next year. And I think conversions are already a greater contributor to your net unit growth than historic. Just looking at that 30% this year, maybe you can refresh us. Maybe I'm not remembering that right. But if you're already at sort of that higher than historic%, help us think about what dynamics you're expecting that will sort of drive incremental conversions as a% of total for 2025. And because there's acceleration overall in your unit growth expectation, it's not just acceleration in% of total, right? Acceleration in absolute units as well. Thanks. Yeah. So again, as Leeny pointed out earlier, we're not quite ready to put a stake in the ground on specific guidance for 2025. But we continue to see conversion volume at 30%+ of both signings and openings. It feels like our momentum in conversions is accelerating, and it's really encouraging to see the way the owner and franchise community is gravitating towards the strength of our revenue engines. Okay. Thank you. You're welcome. Thank you. And our next question comes from Patrick Scholes with Truist Securities. Great. Good morning, everyone. My first question, how would you describe your visibility as far as bookings in China as opposed to the U.S.? And even more granular, what would you say the typical booking window looks like for China versus over here? Thank you. Yeah. So I think our visibility is pretty good, but the booking window is historically short right now. And so that's making it challenging for us to look much beyond the end of this year. Right now, you are seeing very, very short-term booking window, kind of 1-3 days versus what we see around most of the rest of the world is closer to 20 days. Okay. Thank you. Then a different topic here. I'm wondering if you could give us an update on your recent trends for spending key money to make development happen. Thank you. Of course. It's a trend that we analyze quite a bit ourselves. And so I'm going to give you a couple of statistics. We're only halfway through 2024. So I'm going to compare 2019 to 2023 full year. It's interesting. The percentage of deals in full year 2023 that required key money is actually a bit lower than what we saw in 2019. And similarly, the amount of key money offered in deals that had key money in 2023 was almost 10% lower than what we saw in 2019. Now, to be sure, there's a couple of other trends below the surface of those encouraging statistics. To be sure, the environment is becoming more and more competitive. And we continue to apply the same lens we've always applied, which is in deals that are strategic and have significant fee upside. That's when we consider leveraging the company's balance sheet. Number two, back in 2019, I don't know the precise statistic, but the bulk of the key money we deployed would have been in upper upscale and luxury. I think now you are seeing selectively the opportunity or the need to deploy key money or other capital tools lower in the quality tier framework. Okay. Thank you for the caller. Sure. Thank you. We will take our final question from Michael Bellisario with Baird. Thanks. Good morning, everyone. Good morning. Just first question, just to follow up on the ancillary spend. Is the lower non-RevPAR fee outlook being driven by lower card spending? And then are you also seeing that softer ancillary spend within the group segment, or is that kind of just specific to leisure transient? Yeah. No. So good questions. I would say the lower ancillary spend is across the board. So a little bit, only a little bit, but a little bit everywhere, both leisure as well as group. And then on the non-RevPAR spend overall, we are still seeing credit card spend go up very nicely. We're still looking at credit card fees being up 10% in 2024. It is the average spend that has moderated a little bit in terms of a typical cardholder in the U.S., but again, only a very, very small amount. And just as a reminder, the ancillary spend is related to credit card spend because obviously people use their credit cards to buy these things. But our ancillary revenues are going to come through the RevPAR line because those are earned at hotels. The non-RevPAR fees are entirely a function of what's going on, obviously, in residential and timeshare and in the credit cards. That's where, to your point, we're seeing average spend moderate a bit. Again, overall, credit card spend will go up very nicely because we're really pleased with the adding of new cardholders to our portfolio. Got it. Understood. And then just one follow-up, just on your lower-end chain scales. You've noted a lot of discussions and signings, but where are you at with shovels in the ground, say, for StudioRes? And then are you still focused on the multi-unit development deals? And then when do you switch to single-asset deals? Thank you. Yeah. So as we spoke about before, we are really pleased with the large number of multi-unit conversion deals that we've had under discussion and in some cases closed around the world. So that is great. And then we've talked about specifically in the mid-scale as having over 300 hotels under discussion with multi-unit developers. And we are seeing more of them actually put the shovels in the ground. Thank you. We have used up our allotted time for questions. I will now turn the call over to Tony for closing remarks. Great. Well, as always, thank you again for your interest in Marriott. I hope you enjoy the balance of the summer. Hope you're out on the road. We'll look forward to speaking to you next quarter. Thanks. This does conclude today's Marriott International Q2 2024 earnings. Thank you for your participation. You may disconnect at any time.