Good day, and welcome to the 2023 BetMGM Business Update. Joining from the company today are Adam Greenblatt, Chief Executive Officer, and Gary Deutsch, Chief Financial Officer. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speakers' presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. To ask a question during the session, you will need to press star one on your telephone. You will then hear an automated message advising you that your hand is raised. To withdraw your question, please press star one again. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the call over to Adam Greenblatt. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining today's call. It's a real pleasure to be here with you as we reflect on our accomplishments of 2023, and discuss how executing against our strategic plan is delivering an exciting future for BetMGM. Our performance in 2023 is another example of our commitment to delivering on our promises. In the four short years since we launched BetMGM, we've established ourselves as one of the leaders in this fast-growing, highly competitive industry. Our products are now available in 28 markets and at 38 retail sports books. In 2023, we launched online sports betting in 4 new markets, expanding our footprint into Ohio, Massachusetts, Puerto Rico, and Kentucky. The next new market launch is likely to be online sports betting in North Carolina, expected sometime before June next year. We continue to be a market leader with a combined market share in the third quarter of 17% in online sports betting and iGaming across the U.S. and Ontario. This puts us firmly in the top tier of the industry, with all smaller competitors garnering low to mid-single-digit shares. Our U.S.-only share is more than double that of the fourth-ranked operator. This is likely to be even more pronounced if we take Ontario into account, where we command 22% share across OSB and iGaming. We are particularly pleased with proving we can win there, as Ontario is an extremely competitive market with over 70 brands present, including those from the leading American operators. While we focus more on internal KPIs, we are grateful that our successes have been recognized externally, too. We won several awards again this year, including Digital Operator of the Year by Global Gaming Awards, and for the second year in a row, both the Online Casino of the Year by American Gambling Awards and Casino Operator of the Year by EGR North America. It's worth reiterating that we've been able to achieve these results with unparalleled capital efficiency, as mentioned by Entain during their earnings call last month. The market is still growing quickly and evolving, and we are confident that we will be able to advance our competitive position as our business and products continue to develop. I'll spend the next few minutes setting out the basis for this confidence. I'm pleased to say that we're on track to achieve our 2023 guidance, expected to reach the top end of our $1.8 billion-2 billion net revenue range. This means we've delivered around $500 million of top-line growth in each of the past three years, with strong organic growth in the current year, particularly in iGaming, given no new markets were added in 2023. Also this year, we have significantly improved our financial position, growing EBITDA by well over $300 million and achieving EBITDA profitability in the second half, putting us in a position to be self-funded from here on. We've been able to achieve these results through relentless focus on improving our business. 2023 has seen ongoing delivery of critical accomplishments that have set the stage for 2024 and beyond. These delivered enhancements, combined with our near-term and strategic product and technology development pipeline, underpin our confidence in our ability to build on and strengthen our current market position. Before I go deeper into tech and product, I'd like to spend a moment on our progress in the critical area of Responsible Gambling. Over the course of 2023, we invested significant organizational resources in moving our RG agenda forward. In addition to our in-product tools and dedicated, proactive, Responsible Gambling team, we partnered with nine NFL teams to promote Responsible Gambling in stadiums during games. We've started to use our proprietary technology algorithms more widely to monitor for the emergence of concerning player behavior. We continue to build on our award-winning program with GameSense, and we've also proudly supported industry stakeholders, including the International Center for Responsible Gambling. New this year, too, was our pioneering relationship with Kindbridge Health. Together, we are piloting a first-of-its-kind program in Colorado to evaluate the effectiveness of offering self-excluded individuals direct referrals for problem gambling treatment. In summary, we're very pleased with the progress we've made in this area. Now, on to tech and product accomplishments of 2023. Before the football season kicked off, we released a significant upgrade to our platform, allowing players in almost all of our U.S. markets, excluding Nevada for now, to seamlessly travel across state lines with their account credentials and wallets, thereby significantly reducing user friction. While it's early days, we're encouraged by the signs of positive impact on player engagement, player retention, and operational efficiency. Now that our players don't need to go through the process of re-registering new accounts in each state, we are seeing a 5 times increase in new state bettors that previously played with BetMGM in a different state. We're also excited to see early data that multi-state players have significantly higher retention rates and are already 1.5 times more valuable when compared to single state players. So looking at our player cohorts' development, we're optimistic that we will capture additional value as more players enjoy a more seamless cross-state experience. Our digital sports product has also improved significantly over the course of the year. We have invested in both our core products' front-end experiences, its back-end functionality, and many of the associated tools in between to drive customer engagement, with a particular focus on speed, ease of use, and product range. We made tremendous strides in improving the speed of our product, particularly our sports app, which has been acknowledged by the analyst community and in our internal voice of customer feedback. The loading speed of the app has improved for the typical user by over 25% during the last six months. This is based on Google's performance testing data. Creating a smooth first-time experience for new players is crucial. It's now easier than ever for players to register an account, log in, deposit funds, and place their first bets. We continue to invest in making our app more intuitive and discovery easier, including a redesign of the event pages that now feature more markets, while simultaneously elevating the most popular logical groups of content to simplify navigation and creation of same-game parlays. We've also added new payment methods, making it easier and faster for users to deposit and place a bet or withdraw their winnings, with greater than 70% of our withdrawals coming from fast channels such as Visa, Venmo, and Apple Pay. In terms of product range, we've expanded our market coverage, introducing innovative differentiated bet types. For example, we now offer signature bets such as 3-3-3, meaning three or more three-pointers will be made in the first three minutes of a game, or Double Bang, meaning a player like Steph Curry will make two consecutive three-pointers or six consecutive game points. These are powered by Angstrom, which we will get to shortly. We've delivered record levels of in-game markets, uptime, and bet availability, most recently during the early part of the NFL and college football seasons, particularly. In fact, our market uptime rates have improved by approximately 15 percentage points when comparing this football season to last. One further point on availability: we would normally expect there to be margin trade-offs as markets are available at times and events where price confidence is lower. I'm very pleased to confirm that the opposite has been achieved this year with the delivery of improved margins at the same time as improving availability. This demonstrates the capabilities we have in the complex triumvirate of pricing, trading, and liability management while delivering an even better customer experience. Which leads me to Angstrom. Angstrom is a specialist U.S. sports-focused pricing and technology business that was acquired by Entain shortly before the current football season. Their player-level, simulation-based forecasting approach to modeling is unique. They build their models, taking player-level inputs and a range of other event, environmental, and metadata to simulate every possible outcome in a game in a fraction of a second. Why is this important? Because every potential play, outcome, and related events in a game are simulated and their likelihood assessed, and this allows us to expand our betting options, enable almost infinite combinability of bets, and improve market availability even further. When fully integrated in 2024, Angstrom will greatly enhance the depth and breadth of our sports offering, including improved same-game parlay, SGP Plus, as well as new live same-game parlay products. These products are very popular with players, including recreational customers, while also delivering higher margins. The benefits we get from Angstrom are currently nascent. We began implementing new and unique pre-match and in-play markets ahead of this NFL season, including correct score, drive, and player markets. I'm pleased to see that our players have gravitated to these offerings, but the real impact will manifest in 2024, when Angstrom's full capabilities become available to us. As we look at our iGaming product and business, our offering has gone from strength to strength. Our players enjoy the widest and deepest collection of Online Casino Games at BetMGM. Our platform boasts between 2,200 and almost 3,700 unique games, depending on the market, headlined by industry-leading exclusives and our in-house content. We were the first Online Casino in the world to offer Aristocrat's Buffalo slot game. We launched in New Jersey in September, and it's been a top ten grossing slot game ever since. This hit retail slot title is now also live with BetMGM in Michigan and Pennsylvania. Another example of a premier partnership is Wheel of Fortune. Following a successful launch of Wheel of Fortune in New Jersey with top-tier gaming content partners, we are seeing early evidence that it expands our reach. Nearly 50% of the players are female, which is higher than our average. Also, CPAs are trending nearly 40% lower since our launch in March. In 2024, we plan to launch the brand in Ontario and Pennsylvania and closely mirror the show's own promotional calendar to create a truly differentiated iGaming experience and drive further engagement. We also launched Dual Play Roulette on BetMGM and Borgata Online Casino in New Jersey, the first Evolution dual play game at an MGM property. Dual Play Roulette allows players at both the casino's physical roulette table and online players to participate in the same game at the same time. Located in a prime position on the gaming floor, it's become one of the most popular roulette tables at the Borgata Casino, generating greater than 75% higher win per unit than the average. It's also a strong performer online. When it comes to casino jackpots, we are the place to play. We've awarded $125 million to players in Progressive Jackpots in just the first 10 months of the year, shattering last year's $100 million full-year amount. These levels clearly show how scale in iGaming is one of our advantages. We're excited to grow our jackpots even more by linking with MGM Resorts' land-based operations next year. So now to the future. There are no single silver bullets in our industry. All these accomplishments and milestones combined have resulted in BetMGM being in a position to compete and invest for growth at the highest levels next year and beyond. We, Entain and MGM, are laser-focused on building long-term, sustainable value for shareholders, and we expect to achieve approximately $500 million of EBITDA in 2026 on a strong trajectory of profit growth. While we continue to see upside potential in our TAM forecasts, that's not our focus for today. Today, we wanted to share our priorities and focus areas for 2024. These are: delivering the best product, accelerating customer acquisition, improving retention, and unlocking our unique omni-channel advantage. These strategic foundations underpin the achievement of our long-term aggregate market share target of approximately 20%-25% of the online sports betting and iGaming market in North America, hitting our EBITDA targets and delivering superior shareholder value. Firstly, we continue to develop new and exciting product for our players. We have a clear roadmap to further strengthen and differentiate our already market-leading gaming product. We're particularly focused on four themes. The first is in-house and exclusive games delivered via Entain's best-in-class in-house game studios and key strategic relationships with third-party studios. Also, leveraging the unrivaled collection of MGM's and our sports partners' IP, we're able to create a truly unique iGaming experience in the slot, table, and non-traditional realms. MGM Grand Millions is a great showcase of the power of in-house content and unique MGM IP. This game is our best-performing slot game by GGR in the U.S. year-to-date. The next key theme is omni-channel and dual play games. We've only just begun to leverage the strength and reach of MGM Resorts. As I mentioned before, Dual Play Roulette, live from the Borgata in Atlantic City, has quickly become a floor favorite. Players love being able to continue their casino experience when they go home. In fact, five out of our top 10 highest-grossing slot games year-to-date are omni-channel titles with strong land-based heritage. Our focus remains on leveraging this fantastic working relationship to create new products, game types, and offerings that can only be realized in partnership with MGM. Thirdly, we continue to personalize experiences with more dynamic game lobbies to get players to the content they want faster, while recommending the most relevant games that increase player activity, engagement, and retention. Speaking of activity, after A/B testing a new personalization feature, we saw a 13% increase in total game launches. We will continue to test and learn and refine our product to ensure that the lobby presents our differentiated game library in the most effective way possible. The fourth prioritized theme is engagement tools and enhanced cross-sell. Spin the Wheel, Rewards Grabber, Pick a Box are a few examples that gamify the player experience, delivering bonuses and rewards via popular mini-games that keep our players regularly engaged and active within our ecosystem. In digital sports product, we continue to make progress across four key areas in 2024: parlay products, market depth and breadth, discovery and personalization, and improved betting journeys. We see significant opportunity to invest and grow our sports betting share. We also know there are benefits of having leadership positions in both online sports betting and iGaming. Examples of these benefits include cross-sell from sports into iGaming and the absolute scale needed to invest competitively in brand. As I mentioned before in reference to Angstrom, we are in-housing the Same Game Parlay product and enhancing our SGP Plus and advanced parlay offerings. We will leverage the power of Angstrom's sophisticated modeling and differentiated markets, starting with pre-live SGPs, then expanding into live. We're further expanding our market range and Live Betting offering by focusing on differentiated markets centered on Player Props and Key Moments throughout a game. We're improving our players' ability to seamlessly find these new, unique Angstrom-powered markets and preferred bet types via data-driven, highly personalized bet recommendations. We're focused on minimizing friction and improving the speed of completing bets through new Quick Bet Eperiences and enhanced bet slip capabilities that are optimized for building parlays and advanced bet types. Secondly, as our sports product and player retention continue to improve, we will invest in player acquisition. We remain very confident in our data-driven, flexible approach to marketing investment and predictive value models, as well as our ability to create successful marketing partnerships that drive our business forward. The most recent of which is our partnership with Marriott, which is exclusive in our category. Thanks to MGM's strategic relationship, BetMGM entered into a loyalty marketing agreement that we're extremely excited about. Marriott is the world's largest hotel company, with a loyalty database of over 190 million members, so I think you can understand our excitement. We will offer our players opportunities to earn Marriott Bonvoy points while playing with us and to convert BetMGM Rewards points into Marriott Bonvoy points. We're also creating exclusive games and experiences with Marriott. From a timing perspective, we currently expect the deal to be live in the first half of 2024. Finally, we will focus on leveraging our unique strength and advantage in omni-channel, particularly in Las Vegas. 2024 is the year that Nevada comes to life for BetMGM. Subject to regulatory approval, we will finally be able to offer our flagship sports app to the millions of visitors who enjoy MGM's Vegas properties every year. Then, once we're able to merge Nevada into our U.S. single wallet platform, every BetMGM player returning from Vegas to one of our other markets will be able to seamlessly continue playing with their available balance, as well as earn reward points, which can be applied to their next trip to an MGM Rewards Resort property. To give you a sense of the scale, MGM's Vegas properties have around 13 million room nights available a year, with over 4 million unique Vegas visitors captured in MGM's customer database, and millions more anonymous players are flowing through its floors. This population represents a deep and replenishing pool for new player acquisition, as well as potent retention and reactivation mechanisms, as players who might play with a different app at home rediscover BetMGM in Vegas. We're especially excited about this because of what we know about our omni-channel players. These players are nearly three times more valuable than single channel players, meaning they are contributing outsized net revenue to our business. More broadly, Vegas is also getting stronger and more relevant to our sports business as time goes on. You've heard from Bill Hornbuckle about the golden triangle of sports in Las Vegas, the triangle made by sports venues along the Strip, Allegiant, T-Mobile, and the soon-to-be A's Stadium. We can see a path to every major U.S. professional sport being represented in Vegas. To illustrate the excitement around sports in Vegas, the recent Grand Prix was attended by over 300,000 fans and was the most bet F1 event in BetMGM's history. We took three times the number of bets on this race than any previous F1 contest. It was also the highest grossing weekend for MGM Resorts in hotel revenue in the company's history. We're looking forward to other tentpole events on the virtual doorstep of MGM Resorts properties, including the Super Bowl in February, which will showcase the power behind our brand and what we can offer to our players. We have a whole host of activations for customers of all level planned, including Money Can't Buy experiences and events across the portfolio of MGM Resorts, in BetMGM sports books and near the stadium itself. As we look to the future, BetMGM is positioned better than any other operator to take maximum advantage of Vegas becoming the sports destination in America. While I've covered the size of this growing pool, the economics of this population are also really exciting for BetMGM. From a cohort value perspective, these players are cheaper to acquire and more valuable, with predicted ROI from MGM-sourced players five times greater than that of players sourced in the open market. Exciting stuff. With that, I'll hand over to Gary Deutsch, Chief Financial Officer of BetMGM. Hi, I'm Gary Deutsch, CFO of BetMGM since 2019. 2023 has been an important and satisfying year for the company. Important because we again achieved our financial goals at a new level of scale. As Adam noted, this is the third consecutive year where BetMGM will have added $hundreds and hundreds of millions of revenue to our top line. It's a satisfying year because the business is developing and developing as we have long projected, giving us ever greater confidence that we have our hands tightly on the instruments of control for our continued ascension. As I will expand upon in a moment, we are operating in a market that's even bigger than we envisioned a few years ago, and scale matters. The ability to both navigate and embrace complexity also matters. Before I continue with more commentary about BetMGM or our industry, I need to tick off a couple of explanations around our financial information. First, a comment on GAAP and my presentation today. Consistent with prior presentations, I'll be talking about net revenue and profit from operations or EBITDA, with these figures based on how management analyzes the true economic performance of the business. These are not figures prepared in accordance with GAAP. A description on how we would calculate net revenue under GAAP can be found in the appendix of this presentation, a copy of which has been provided on the web in advance of this call. Second, I want to make clear our definition of contribution. When we speak of profitability by state and by product, we will use the term contribution positive. The costs that go into the contribution calculation are essentially all of the direct costs, excluding people costs, that would be considered cost of revenue under a GAAP presentation of gross profit, plus all working marketing spend. Contribution also does not include any depreciation or amortization that would be allocated to cost of revenue. In plain speak, state-level contribution is the profit we make that contributes to covering the central fixed cost base of the company, with all of our people costs being considered part of that base. Okay, as we've previously guided, we will end 2023 with full year revenue at the upper end of the range from $1.8 billion-2 billion. We delivered our first EBITDA positive quarter this past Q2, and while 2023 is obviously not over, we currently expect to be EBITDA positive for the second half of 2023. As a reminder, our EBITDA, our EBITDA loss in 2022 was a little under $450 million, so our bottom line performance in 2023 will show massive year-over-year improvement, driven by the maturing of our player cohorts and the overall scaling of the business over our cost base. To facilitate BetMGM's flexibility and agility, particularly as we're excited to grow our market share by investing behind an enhanced sports product, as well as expected unlocking of new and differentiated omni-channel capabilities, I want to focus our guidance today on where we're targeting to be in 2026. First, let's talk cash, particularly the cash investments from our parents, Entain and MGM Resorts. In June, we announced that we expected to not need any additional capital into BetMGM beyond the $150 million that the parents had already committed for the 2023 plan. That expectation stands. So with a total of $1.26 billion of capital having been committed by the parents, we are done taking cash. Of course, things can change, most notably if we experience an acceleration of new state launches or attractive new investment opportunities. That said, our current go-forward plans are based on self-funding above the $1.26 billion already committed. The one additional piece of guidance we are giving today is that we expect to achieve approximately $500 million of EBITDA in 2026. I now want to talk about the state of the business this year, both in terms of some specific results and metrics. I want to talk about how our business model is evolving and maturing. I will then expand into how we expect the company to evolve and grow into the future with the evolution of our player cohorts at the heart of what drives our business. So let's start with a few factoids about our revenue and our key metrics. 2023 revenue through Q3 was up 39% year-over-year, with same-state digital growth of 18%. Within the 18%, sports grew faster than iGaming, as more sports-only states were at their earlier stages last year. NGR margin for digital sports, that's the percentage of handle that truly drops to our revenue line, net of any promotions related contra revenue. It nearly doubled for the first three quarters of the year versus last year. This is primarily driven by our Bonus Optimization efforts, but also from players making more higher-margin parlay bets. Year-to-date through Q3, we've seen approximately 80% of our sports players place a parlay bet. Certainly, the new and enhanced sports products rolling out from Angstrom will expand the breadth and quality of our parlay and live offerings, and the parlay offerings, in particular, will have higher expected margins than standard six-pack markets. In a broader sense, the enhancements from Angstrom should be viewed as us increasing the SKUs in our store for both a broader set of players and a greater range of circumstances. Some players really love the thrill of parlays as a core experience, while others enjoy them as accompaniments to more traditional bets. While discussions of hold percents and win margins often focus on sports, we've also seen expansion of our NGR margin in iGaming. This is also driven by Bonus Optimization across our casino players, as well as an increase in recreational players that we've acquired in the iGaming states. Recreational players tend to prefer slots to table games. Slots are higher margin. Of course, in our multi-product states and Ontario, players often engage in both sports betting and casino gaming. Cross-sell is an important driver of revenue in those markets, and in Q3 this year, around 65% of our sports players in the multi-product states engaged with either Casino or Poker or both. As we've guided in the past, in the multi-product jurisdictions, we have higher absolute revenue and contribution figures, as well as the highest player values... Overall, we're pleased to see, as expected, that as cohort vintages age, our player values are increasing over time. Year to date through Q3, for players acquired before the end of 2021, their average NGR per player grew about 10% versus the same period in 2022. Before going deeper on cohort development, please remember, no one metric in isolation tells a story. To understand a complete story, it's critical to monitor the interplay of a number of KPIs, including hold percents, staking volumes, and incremental player volumes. Back to the subject of cohort evolution. As you know, in each state and for each product, we continue to acquire new players in monthly cohorts. As cohorts age, they stabilize. Then, with new incremental cohorts stacking on each month, the stabilized older cohorts offset the cost of the newer ones. Over time, the contribution from the mature cohorts outweighs the cost of the newer cohorts, and the P&L for that state or product will become long-term contribution positive. That's the business model. It's this evolution of our cohorts that underpins our EBITDA positive guidance for the second half of 2023. These next two charts demonstrate the fundamental efficacy of our model in real life. The first chart focuses on absolute NGR growth from state P&Ls of states grouped by the year of launch. We continue to see strong NGR growth across all vintages with our oldest groups, the 2021 launches and prior, expected to generate at least double-digit same-state growth this year. Last year's group, the 2022 launches, is expected to triple in scale this year, benefiting from a full year of operations, as well as particularly notable performance in Ontario. For the late 2022 and early 2023 sports states of Maryland, Ohio, and Massachusetts, while we have not achieved our revenue and market share goals to date, we remain focused on revenue growth, specifically driven by Angstrom-fueled product enhancements, local MGM properties, the fresh benefits of single wallet capabilities, and key local partnerships. This second chart focuses on absolute contribution growth from state P&Ls based on the same groupings as the prior slide. As the black bars illustrate, we expect the annual groups of states launched in 2022 and prior all to be contribution positive for 2023. This affirms that our expected timeline to contribution breakeven remains on track, 12-24 months for digital sports and 10-14 months for iGaming. Contributing to the positive progression seen on both of the charts is our data-driven bonus optimization. This is our work to target retention-related promotions to our most valuable players. When the 2023 state P&Ls finalize, we expect to see a meaningful 1,200 basis point reduction in promotions as a percentage of GGR compared to last year. Stepping back, I now want to discuss the importance of the business having reached this scale, where we're generating profit while also holding a material market share, and the strategic choices that this enables. The size of the digital sports betting and iGaming market is bigger than everyone expected. The increase in TAM has supported our financial targets, but we are keenly aware that we have to, that we have to rebuild and grow market share, and also that as we approach new markets, we will need to invest more to achieve our market share goals. With greater investment, within this larger market, we expect to improve our share. We continue to target 30%+ EBITDA margins over the long term. Given that a single point of market share could approach $100 million of annual run rate EBITDA in the long term mature market, the case for investment is strong. I'm now gonna take you quickly down the P&L. I'm going to describe how we're achieving cost advantages related to our scale, and I'll remind you of BetMGM's Unique advantages from our relationships with Entain and MGM Resorts. In short, I'm going to explain that we've built a machine that's generating the velocity required to exit to the highest orbit associated with a strong industry leader. As we show on this slide, our big four costs in the business are marketing spend, gaming taxes, people costs, and payment processing. Before I go further on each, I want to first refresh again on the single wallet subject, as this touches the P&L in a few places, including revenue. First and foremost, as Adam mentioned, multi-state players are more valuable, and because we can now better meet their needs, we have more of them, and we will attract and retain more of them in the future. There's also an efficiency in acquiring them in terms of marketing and promotions, and there's an efficiency in serving them across the teams that manage relationships and provide customer support, and there's also payment processing benefits. To the cost categories now. Let's start with people costs, or more accurately, in my view, people infrastructure. Ours is an industry with high complexity. We have regulations and regulatory relationships that must be managed and mastered across dozens of independent jurisdictions. Our investment in compliance people and compliance training is very significant. We've also constructed an intricate network of customer touchpoints. Our CRM team, our CRM teams have built customer relationships with hundreds of thousands of players. Our product and promotions teams have mastered the details of small product differences and unique promotions for every market. I could go on, but there are two main points here. First, there's a significant fixed cost base of people and people resources needed to operate across our numerous markets. Having them in place, we are beginning to see the benefits of operating leverage from our fixed base. Second, there's a significant learning curve in this industry. Our relationships with Entain and MGM have been very important for accelerating both our scaling and our development of expertise, particularly in areas like technology, customer support, and compliance. Of course, the most significant BetMGM cost benefit is our utilization of Entain's technology, which saves us people costs, both in terms of OpEx and CapEx. Entain Tech remains our signature advantage. But looking ahead, our planning around tech costs has slightly evolved. Going forward, BetMGM will benefit from even more dedicated resources from Entain to deliver projects specific to BetMGM's product needs. Some of these incremental costs will hit our financial statements. We were excited to have created a structure within Entain that enables us to adapt our product to local market needs with greater alacrity. Moving on to the interplay between promotions or bonusing and gaming taxes. One of the big positive financial impacts from our success with bonus optimization, as well as from building a stable base of real money bettors, has been a material reduction in the effective tax rate we pay. For year to date through Q3, our effective gaming tax rate was 520 basis points lower than what we paid in the same period during 2022. We expect this to continue into the future with this trend. Similarly, but to a lesser extent, rate deflation is also a benefit we're experiencing across all our third-party vendor relationships. In cases where we can leverage the scale of Entain volumes alongside our own volumes, we further amplify our purchasing power with vendors. Marketing intensity remains high, even though the rate of annual growth in spend is reduced. Of course, to our benefit, we continue to have distinct advantages from our MGM Resorts relationship. This includes brand, customer relationships, and a multitude of Omni-channel touchpoints at the properties. With significant improvements in our product and capabilities having been achieved during 2023, now is the right time to invest our EBITDA into growing profitable market share. Compared to our prior projections, our ratio of marketing to revenue will increase during this investment window. Of course, our existing local partnerships, combined with our national advertising footprint, plus brand awareness, and the fact that many sought players already have our app on their phone, means we can be very efficient in communicating with current and inactive players both, as well as new players. And communicating we will be, as we have lots of exciting additional new capabilities on the way. So to wrap up, I want to conclude by re-emphasizing my exit velocity point. The BetMGM team is proud of the control with which we've been able to guide our rocket ship on this journey so far, from the big bang of industry creation through explosive growth that's now generated billions of dollars of revenue and millions of customer relationships. Having achieved our breakeven milestone, we will continue to climb higher, powered by a business model that bears both the scale and precision required to generate long-term profits at the highest end of the industry. Now back to Adam to conclude. Thank you. Thank you, Gary. To close, I'd like to spend a moment on the reason that BetMGM is going to succeed, and that is as a result of the talented, tenured, and tenacious group of people that identify as BetMGMers. We've created a rare and positive culture, which I believe is the reason well over 90% of our team would recommend us as a great place to work. I'd like to recognize my leadership team, every BetMGM colleague, and also this time, those working in MGM Resorts and Entain, that devote themselves to our complex and challenging mission. To summarize, 2024 is about 3 things. 1, continuing our journey to best product with all strategic pieces in place in both OSB and iGaming. Product roadmap execution in 2024 is key. 2, investing behind our improving product, driving accelerated player acquisition and aiding player retention. And three, bringing Omni-channel to life in a more concerted way through product innovation and importantly, Vegas. We've delivered on our 2023 commitments and are very clear on what's needed to drive enterprise value and market share. It's in this context that we are choosing to make 2024 an investment year and set out a target of $500 million of EBITDA in 2026, with much more in the years to follow. With that, I'd like to hand over the call to the operator for Q&A. Thank you. As a reminder, to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one again. We ask that you please limit yourself to one question and one follow-up. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. Your first question comes from the line of Ed Young with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead. Hello, thank you for taking my question, and thank you for the presentation. You've given some very useful directional information on contributions, and you've also said, Gary, that that's only one measure, hold percentage, staking volume, player growth. There's loads of other factors, but you haven't given us the absolute numbers on contribution. You haven't given us any of the extra KPIs you mentioned there. So I wonder if you could help us bridging from where we sit now towards your 2026 number. You said 2024 is an investment year. Is 2025 also an investment year, or do you know at this point where it sits? So can you perhaps help us with the shape of what we might look at in next year into 2025 to reach your 2025 point? Thanks. Hi, thank you for the question. Good to hear from you. So when we think about 2024, we do think of it as an investment year, which, you know, will be ultimately a negative year in terms of EBITDA. But when we look to 2025, that's where we see us going back to cash flow positive. A nd, you know, we're at a point where we're very comfortable with the investment rationale there to put the extra money funded from what we're turning out from the operations, put that back in. And there's growth, there's profit to be had in the market share in the long term. And, you know, when you look at the cohorts, obviously it's not an in-year massive benefit to revenue that you get from, from new players, and you need to lay that so that, that grass down, and it comes in. What we see when we look at our cohorts is in the second year, that's when they really foster and hit strides. So we're gonna make that investment in 2024, and we expect from 2025 onward, we're gonna see real benefit in terms of cash flow. Okay. And just in terms of a follow-up, you've spoken about multi-channel. I think it's an area you guys have long been excited about and the technology there, and I guess your licensing's nearly there. Can you, can you just talk a little bit about what you're seeing in your, current, multi-channel and multi-state, customers in terms of, net spend and displacement spend? I'm just really commenting on the fact that one of your parents owns 100% of land-based profit and 50% of online profit. So I wonder if you could just help us think about whether the business is positioned to really fully lean into that. Thanks. Hi, Ed, it's Adam. Thanks for the question. Can you clarify what your intent is? Because there are a few elements to it. I'd like to be as helpful as we can be. The bit that threw me off was the 100% and 50%. That's the... Because it seems that you're asking about incentives, but I'm not clear. I just want to clarify. Sure. What, what I mean is, when you have a player who's playing in multiple states, you have these more valuable online customers. Are they simply spending more, i.e., you are capitalizing on a whole load of spend they're otherwise not making, or are they also displacing some of their spend net from retail to online? Got it. Understand. We can speak for the BetMGM part and the partnership and relationship that we have developed and now, now enjoy with MGM Resorts. We are seeing incredible a halo effect of being able to look after our VIP players, BetMGM's VIP players, and hand them off to, to MGM Resorts host population when, when there is a visit to, to Nevada. So in summary, Ed, what we're seeing is net benefit as a result of being able to play rather than there being any concept of cannibalization. It's not something we spend any time talking about between us. Okay, useful. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Joe Greff with JP Morgan. Please go ahead. Good morning, guys. Thanks for doing this and taking my questions. My first question is the 30% EBITDA margin target. I know that's longer term. I'm presuming margins that aren't close to 30% in your 2026 EBITDA target. Can you talk about where do you see margins in 2026 relative to that long-term target of 30%? I mean, you do aptly note that it's not gonna be 30% when we get to 2026. Look, I'm not gonna comment on specific margin at that point, but we will have a, you know, given our cost base, I think on a like-to-like basis with some of the other comps out there, I think our margin will be better at the level of revenue we'll be at, but that's about as far as I can go. Okay. And then, Adam, your prior comment, you talked about incentives for the joint venture partners. It sounded like you may have wanted to add something based on that specific question to your joint venture partners. Have the incentives or workings with the partners evolved over the last two years? And maybe how are they going to be different in 2024 and beyond? That's a really important question. Thank you for that. Our relationships with both Entain and MGM Resorts have become ever deeper. I think there is, whereas at the beginning, BetMGM was this plucky startup, you know, with, with mixed views on its potential to take a meaningful position, to be meaningfully valuable and contributing to, to our shareholders, today, that's not the case at all. You know, today, BetMGM represents a strategic limb of both MGM Resorts and Entain story, and the support and engagement from each of those organizations reflects that. So at every level of the organization, from, you know, the daily contact of our trading group, of BetMGM's trading group, with the Entain, with the Entain organization, our daily contact of our technologists with Entain's technologists, daily contact of our VIP hosts with MGM Resorts, daily contact of our marketing teams with MGM's marketing teams, that we can really capitalize on that MGM Resorts' loyalty program. Now, these are all just examples of the mutual respect which we enjoy today and the deepening, both operationally and also strategically, of our relationship. Thank you very much. Appreciate the thoughts. Your next question comes from the line of Kiranjot Grewal with Bank of America. Please go ahead. H ey, hey, guys. Just a question on iGaming. We've seen iGaming become more competitive with the big OSB operators really focusing their efforts to take share there. I mean, this is a category that's typically seen as more competitive than OSB. What gives you confidence that you can maintain your market share here? And also, related to that, could you perhaps comment on the cross-sell from iGaming into OSB? I think you already commented on OSB into iGaming. Thank you. Of course, of course. I'll take those. And thank you. I mean, there are two parts. One is about maintaining our leadership in iGaming, and the other was about cross-sell. So we'll deal with those in that order. Look, in my prepared remarks, I talked a lot about some of our differentiators in the area of iGaming product. And really the essence of our offering is around gaming product and content. So just to recap, you know, we've talked about in-house and exclusive games, first to market with, you know, Buffalo slots, wheel exclusive rights to the Wheel of Fortune, exclusive provider of online gaming for Carnival. But we also differentiate through omni. You know, we talked about omni-channel product, omni-channel marketing. We also, we've also talked about the largest and widest iGaming jackpots and the benefits of, of our, of our scale. The final two areas are personalization and, and engagement in cross-sell. I'll deal with personalization first. So the, we talked about the effectiveness of, our personalized lobbies, the, the impact, the 13% increase on, on, total game launches. These are significant needle, needle movers. And frankly, we, we have a very exciting pipeline for 2024 in all of those categories. So differentiated product, in-house and exclusive games. We're leveraging our, our, our own studios, obviously, with Entain, and then the area of, of personalization. In relation to cross-sell, and, and I'll, I'll put the gravy on the top at the end. In relation to cross-sell, what we see is around, 40%. In the third quarter, we've seen about 40% cross-sell from iGaming to sports. Now, the last point I'd like to make, frankly, is one of the motivating factors for 2024 being an investment year. We have very high confidence in product. We believe in our differentiators, and so 2024 is pouring more fuel on that fire. Sports to gaming cross-sell is, we talked about the KPIs, is significant. And so having a substantial and growing, vibrant, healthy online sports betting business is one of the drivers of an equally vibrant gaming business. And so we're leaning into that in 2024 and beyond. On the point of next year being an investment year, I think you called out EBITDA we should expect to be negative next year. I mean, how big a negative EBITDA should we expect? Or another way to phrase that question is like, how much cash does BetMGM have on the books to invest? Yeah. Gary, do you want to take that one? Yeah. So I would look at it. We have put out the guidance that we're not gonna take under the current model, you know, barring any extraordinary or interesting investment opportunities, we're not gonna take additional capital. So it's a 1.26 that sort of puts a natural floor on how low it can go, and it's not that low, but it will be negative. And, you know, we're within the capabilities of the cash commitments and the balance sheet to manage everything we're planning to do over the next investment horizon. Thank you. Thanks. Your next question comes from the line of Carlo Santarelli with Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead. Hey, guys. Thank you very much for taking my question, and, and thanks for the comments. I, I just wanted to ask, the, the 22% share in, in Ontario was, I, I think, surprisingly strong. And, and I wanted to understand maybe h-how you've approached that market relative to some of the other U.S. markets that, that are comparable, obviously, where, where you have the opportunity, like in New Jersey or Pennsylvania or Michigan, to offer both products. And, and what's kind of worked there, relative to, or, or what, what has been the differentiator there relative to those markets? Thanks for the question, Carlo. We weren't surprised by our performance in Ontario. We see them, we see Ontario as a multi-product jurisdiction, really benefiting from the strength of our offering, of our go-to-market offering in iGaming, as well as the ever-improving strength of our OSB product. As you know, we started from nothing and have grown our share into... Well, we've taken share from all of those incumbent operators, and we believe that in the third quarter, given the relative weight of iGaming versus sports, we were actually not only the leading iGaming operator, we think we were the largest operator in that Ontario market by none. Clearly, the information is not fulsome. The provincial disclosure is not fulsome, so that is our internal estimate. What I would say, though, is our share really in Ontario represents and is pretty much in line with all of our other U.S. multi-product states where we were able to launch alongside everybody else. What do we have? We have the things that in my prepared remarks, really a market-leading iGaming offering. And what's interesting actually, though, in Ontario is that our mix between iOS, Android, and browser skews more towards Android in that market. And I think that's actually representative of the U.S. market more generally. But the relative strength of our Android product also cuts through in Ontario. The MGM brand counts for a lot. There is a high degree of awareness in Ontario. Going to Vegas is a thing, and so that's been effective for us. I'll also add that I think we have first-class marketing assets around that, in the MGM brand. I think we went to market with really headliners. The headliner ambassador was Wayne Gretzky, who needs no introduction, is almost deity status in that market. I think the last point is we got out of the gates quickly and invested in a concerted way and continue to do so. All of those things come together to result in the position we're in today, which we're very pleased about. Thank you very much. That was helpful. Gary, if I could just ask one follow-up: what is the cash on the balance sheet as it stands now? We're not gonna disclose the cash on the balance sheet, but we have plenty of cash and, you know, we-- Given the guidance that we can invest next year, we're in a good place. Okay, understood. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Shaun Kelley with Bank of America. Please go ahead. Hi, good morning, everyone. Thank you for taking my questions. So, you know, obviously the reinvestment and the push in sports to reaccelerate share here, I think is, you know, the critical message. Just kind of wondering, what channels should we look for, you know, on the outside looking in, to kind of measure or gauge some of the, you know, the things you're gonna do here? Should we expect, you know, increasing promotions? Will it be more targeted, existing or new customers? Just maybe some of the channels you guys are gonna lean on. You know, is it gonna be a big national marketing push? Y ou know, what should we kind of think of in terms of scope and scale as we see you, you know, reengage some of these, some of this customer set? Hi, Shaun. Thank you for the question. It's the answer is unfortunately multilayered, long, and complex, which reflects the way we analyze our media mix modeling and our both strategic, philosophical approach to marketing and our tactical go-to-market manifestation of that. So what does all of that mean? It means, as we've said before, philosophically, stay short duration on marketing commitments, stay flexible, measure everything, lean into what works. That's the big concept. Now, you quite rightly touched on this interplay between national and local. As a guiding theme, given that now we're in 28 jurisdictions, 28 markets, we are moving some of our spend from local to national just because of the measured ROI. It's more challenging in some of the national advertising to get really precise handle measurement, a precise measurement on the effectiveness of national spend. Excuse me. But within that, our approach is you measure everything, you lean into what works and our marketing mix modeling is guiding the answer to that. So all of that comes together to say it's state by state, it's channel by channel, it's segment by segment. You know, we've got to a point of sophistication with some of it in our data science group in terms of understanding our player base. We now subsegment our segments, our player segments, into those who are more or less sensitive to promotions, by promotion elasticity, with a subsegment view. So in a particular state, for a specific segment of customers, if those customers, that subsegment of customers is less sensitive to promotional investment, the answer is, don't do it. And so that is not a static analysis, by the way. So it all, the analysis keeps on refreshing itself and guiding our day-to-day investment decisions, both in terms of geography, channel, local, national. Sorry, that was a long answer, but that's how we think about it. Thank you for the clarity and the detail. Just as my follow-up, you know, Adam, you had a really interesting comment a bout the evolution of your relationship with Entain on some of the structuring around, you know, your technology resources there and maybe the ability to adapt a little faster. I was just wondering if you could elaborate on that a little bit? I think on one of our previous calls, I was asked, are you happy with what you're getting and the pace of what you're getting? And my rather tongue-in-cheek, but also true answer was, "I'm never happy." And so we've been on this journey with Entain to answer the specific question, which is: How do we accelerate the velocity of development and compress the time to market? And so what we've done now is we have been working hand in hand, arm in arm with Entain, established more dedicated resources, high-speed scrum teams, shortened our release cycles, taken on. We, BetMGM, have committed to take on some of the costs that will directly benefit BetMGM, and I think, rightly so. But it's all within this framework of getting more to market more quickly. Perfect. Thank you very much. Your next question will come from the line of Stephen Grambling with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead. Hi. Thanks. I just want to clarify a couple things. First, I think you mentioned earlier, 40% of your cross-sell is from iGaming into sports. To clarify, that's again, iGaming first into OSB, and then how would you characterize that the other way, OSB into iGaming? And perhaps, what's the split of customers who start in either iGaming or OSB? Thanks. It's 6. It was the 60. Yeah, it's so to confirm your, the first part of your question, in the third quarter, 40% of our iGaming players, so players that started in iGaming, were cross-sold to OSB, and it's just north of 60% in the reverse direction. Helpful. I guess you can't provide maybe who, you know, what the mix is of each, or even maybe what the number of unique customers are on the platform at this point? No, we don't disclose that. But, I mean, bear in mind that just to this point, no single metric tells the story. There's different times with, you know, there's quality actives that we look at, and there's less quality actives. So a lot of the work that Adam referred to on BI, when we think about targeting from a marketing standpoint or a promotion standpoint, is looking at quality players versus, you know, lower-value players. So again, you got to look at the mixture of player values with their volumes. One other one I'll sneak in is just, as you're referencing the reinvestment, I guess, how are you thinking about where customer acquisition costs should shake out now versus maybe a few years ago when you first were investing in new states, versus now kind of reinvesting in sports betting? Thanks. So, as I alluded to earlier, we do think that there's a what I would call a deeper dig when you get into new states. The benefit we've seen is that the markets are generally larger, and we've had more customers to acquire. So the matriculation of the players, once we get them, is following along the lines that we expected in terms of their path to break even. But there's more players. You know, it has been higher marketing intensity through a longer window than we had originally expected a couple of years ago. That said, you know, from a marketing efficiency standpoint, I think we're kind of leveling out this year, and I think we're gonna see leverage gains on the marketing spend going into the out years beyond this. But you know, it's the overall progression of the CPAs that we're seeing. We still expect to descend over time, and they have been coming down, but it's been a little bit more gradual of a descent than we would have thought a couple years ago. Having said that, our long-term target, which we've previously communicate, remains the target we're aiming for. Got it. Helpful. Thanks so much. Cool. Your next question comes from the line of Dan Politzer with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead. Hey, good morning, everyone, and thanks for taking my questions. So I just want to follow up. Right now, you guys are at 17% share, active share, and, you know, you're bridging your long-term goals at 20%-25%. Can you maybe bridge us to how you get there? Is it, you know, a different mix of states or more iGaming states that are coming on? And in that guidance, are you assuming, you know, any incremental states outside of just that North Carolina that's set to launch next month? So from a modeling standpoint, we look at different states in the out years, but we haven't, you know, we're not gonna say which ones and which timing, but certainly we have North Carolina in as a signature launch for this coming year. If I may add, look, as we look to potential for new iGaming states, we expect there to be some movement on the legislative front in probably three states. These are all highly caveated, by the way, because, you know, we've been both surprised and disappointed in the past in this regard. Recent disappointing news in Indiana. On the iGaming side, the three states that we are eagerly anticipating some movement on the legislative front are New York, Maryland, and Illinois in 2024. On the OSB front, we think, well, fully North Carolina, as we talked about, we expect to be live in probably the first half of the year. And in addition to that, we see good progress in Georgia, Minnesota, and Missouri. Minnesota is a complex situation, but some progress there being made, that we see. Got it. And just for my follow-up, I think you mentioned earlier in the call that there was a $300 million EBITDA improvement year-over-year, which I think would put you around $140 million for 2023. So as we think about 2024, I mean, I guess how does that—how should we think about that comparing to your loss in 2023? And similarly, I think you guys also mentioned that there was a higher allocation of entertainment costs. You know, if there's any way to quantify that impact in terms of your losses in 2024? Okay, the first part about the EBITDA progression, and then triangulating to EBITDA this year. First thing I just want to say is, I absolutely love Green Bay for holding on last night because, given the number of favorite bets that won in the afternoon slate, if KC had prevailed, it would have been a dark day in the world of sports betting today. Nonetheless, our EBITDA progression year-on-year will be closer to $350 million. So that gives you a little bit of help with your triangulation. To this year, obviously, we've got most of December ahead, and there's, you know, outcome risk in the next four weeks. In terms of 2024 and beyond, I don't think we're giving guidance, Gary? Yeah, we're not giving guidance, but I mean, I guess if I were to say one broad stroke thing, if 2021 and 2022 are cousins, 2023 and 2024 are cousins. Okay. All right. Thank you for that. Appreciate the detail. Your next question comes from the line of Brandt Montour with Barclays. Please go ahead. Good morning, everybody, and thanks for doing this, and thanks for taking my question. So, if I was to just follow up on Shaun's question on the promo and the investment strategy for 2024. I guess, as it relates to the rollout of Angstrom capabilities that you plan on taking on, if that all goes to plan, maybe give us a sense for, you know, the NFL capabilities from Angstrom, if that can kind of hit in the first half of the year or if we're waiting for next football season. And does the timing of that rollout dictate the flow of your promo reinvestment around sports? Sorry, Brandt, can you say the last part again, please? Yes. Does the timing of your planned rollout for Angstrom capabilities- Yeah. dictate the flow of promos around OSB? Oh, interesting. So to answer that one first, no. Clearly, we are very conscious of marketing efficiency, promo efficiency, and want to invest in line with an improving product, which frankly, is one of the reasons why 2023, we've been somewhat more cautious as the product has been improving. What we've been doing since Angstrom, the deal was closed in September this year. We've been integrating some of their NFL markets on a more tactical basis. So if you get onto our product today, you will be able to enjoy many of the signature bets and Angstrom-powered markets that I referred to. Where we will be for next football season is that the Angstrom-powered U.S. sports will be all on the same effectively data footing within our platform, which means the way we're able to merchandise those products, the way we're able to combine all of those products, you know, will be greatly enhanced. That readiness, that combinability vision won't be available for this NFL season, but the bets themselves will be. Does that make sense? Yeah, that's, that's really helpful. And you gave some stats on CPAs coming down. I think it was on the iGaming side, and, you know, maybe you could just talk about the philosophy around bringing CPAs down and your LTV to CAC structure or strategy, and if you think that that will... If you might need to reverse in this, in 2024 calendar year on either of those philosophies to get what you want in terms of market share. We haven't made any heroic assumptions in 2024 in the model. In terms of CPAs in iGaming, let me step back. The implicit assumption is that in your question, just to confirm, is that CPA, there will be upward pressure on CPAs and/or downward pressure on player value, putting pressure on the relationship between LTV and CAC. T hat was, that was a very clear way to describe my question. Yes, thanks for that. Okay. So we think we have tremendous headroom in acquiring more players at or around the CAC that we currently achieve. We think the activation of Vegas will have a very, very positive downward impact on our customer acquisition cost. I think you saw the chart. It's sub-30%. The CAC of Vegas-sourced players is sub-30% of the CAC in the open market. So the bigger that number gets, the bigger that pool gets, the more it's beneficial downward impact on the weighted average, if that makes sense. Moreover, from a player value perspective, that's also a good news story. So, you know, back to the summary, we're not making, w e're not assuming that we will enjoy massive benefits on CAC in iGaming in 2024 at all. In fact, not through the plan for some time. Player values are holding up very nicely. So yeah, we're not seeing that as a particular risk. Perfect. Thank you. Yep. Your next question comes from the line of Joe Thomas with HSBC. Please go ahead. Good afternoon, everyone, and thanks for taking my question. So the first thing, if you wouldn't mind just elaborating on a little bit, please, is the journey that you've been on from obviously targeting EBITDA positive this year or in the second half of this year, and then going into negative territory next year and that requiring that year of investment. You referenced, Adam, that it's maybe because the product's better, but I don't recall you saying it was poor before. Or has Angstrom changed the thinking around that? Just perhaps you could just give some thought processes around... or perhaps you just belatedly think that you weren't marketing enough to start off with. Any thoughts around that would be appreciated. Yeah. 2023. First thing I wanna say is that we feel very, very good about how we are currently positioned. 17% national share in our active markets in North America, across both primary verticals, is something we are very proud of, and we—it's certainly something we can build on. Stating it again, we improved EBITDA and revenue and EBITDA in 2023 by approximately $500 million and almost $350 million, respectively. There aren't many businesses that have done that in 2023. So, from how we see it, BetMGM is a very healthy and thriving business. But 2023 was about putting the strategic in, pieces in place for the next cycle of growth in terms of product and operations. 2023, we delivered a very complex, very significant project that we've talked about, the single wallet project. We've improved both the offering, the breadth and depth of our sports offering. We made our product much, much faster, OSB product, much, much faster, right? These are things where, frankly, our product has never been bad. Our product is great. We have millions of customer relationships. We have, on a daily basis, hundreds of thousands of players telling us through their actions that they love what we offer. But this is about opportunity for leadership and because that is our aspiration. What we've done in 2023 was demonstrated the achievability of profitability at our current scale. We did that. When you combine the progress that we've made in terms of product and operations, with credentializing our ability to deliver on our promises, it's in that context that I look to 2024 and the question changes to become: What is the boundary of our potential in terms of delivering shareholder value to MGM and Entain, and ultimately their shareholders? That's what it's about. There's never, so, so as I said, feel very good about where we are, and, and it's only about maximization now. It's belief in our cohorts, belief in our operational support, belief in an ever-improving product that's only going to get better. Now it's time for let's go. Understood. That's clear. Thank you. And just to follow up is, in terms of the investment that you're putting in, it's understandable, what you're saying. How do we measure, as the year goes on, how successful or otherwise that is? Is it, is it the market share data that we see coming out, on a monthly basis, or is it something else? Market share will be one indicator. Market share will be one indicator. But really it's about internal KPIs. As Gary said, the benefit of accelerated customer acquisition really manifests in year two and beyond, right? The contribution from in-year acquired players is generally fairly muted. I mean, you saw the cohort build in the earlier slides. That's just a function of, you know, acquire player, incent player to join, player relationship is established, but and contributes for only a part year. So you have a full year of cost of acquiring the player and incentives to acquire to retain the player and only a part year of contribution. But it's in that second year where those initial onboarding costs are behind you, and you have a full year to enjoy that player relationship. Great, thanks very much. Yeah. The one thing I would add to that is we do look at it's not just in isolation, that there is a rollover impact on existing players as well. You know, as we monitor our own performance internally, we will expect to see some benefits rolling through the existing base as we intensify the marketing. Thanks very much, both of you. Sure. Your next question will come from the line of Robin Farley with UBS.. Please go ahead. Great, thank you. Two questions. One is, when you talk about your, your market share growth in states where you were operational on day one versus states where you started later, are the factors that led to those later launches sort of fully eliminated? Like, should we see BetMGM operational on day one going forward in new markets? And then, also just wanted to clarify your comment that you'd be kind of self-funding going forward. It sounded like at least one, if not both, of your JV partners, mentioned something like they were going to be making additional investments. And so I, I guess, how do we square that with what you were saying with being, able to self-fund? Thanks. Yeah. I'll take the first part. We absolutely expect to be live on the first day of every market that we participate in. So just for clarity, and we're organized around that, by the way. So it's, there's no possibility of a market taking us by surprise and us not having enough lead time to get our proverbial ducks in a row to put our best foot forward on the day of launch. In terms of further capital required, Gary, do you want to deal with that? Yeah, I think we've always been consistent when we've talked about the cash plan. Each time we've talked to the markets that there's a base plan that we have gotten approval for, for a certain amount of capital, and then there's always circumstances that can change. One of them being new state launches, another could be any sort of interesting investment opportunity that comes along. So this is par for the course of what we've always said, which is that we're on a base plan, and the base plan, now we've gotten to the point of scale in the business where the base plan doesn't require any additional capital, and we can fund it all from our operations. But the same, the same caveat still exists. You know, we're, we're not closed down to new opportunities that we would want to evaluate. We've got a very open board, and I think that may be some of the commentary you've alluded to from the parent side. So it's the same as always. You know, we've got a base plan, and then we will always evaluate interesting things. So, can we conclude that it sounds like you maybe are actively looking at additional things outside of the base plan that, in terms of additional investment? I don't know if that would be M&A, but it sounds like that's what the- Yeah. JV partners are expecting. Look, it is incumbent upon us to maximize the opportunity for our shareholders at all times. But to be clear, we are not actively—we're not actively evaluating M&A at the moment in any meaningful way. We are always talking to everybody, because we wouldn't be doing our jobs if we didn't. You know, knowing what's around, understanding what might advance our mission, is an everyday job. But there is nothing currently in contemplation that would require new capital from shareholders. Great. That's, that's super clear. Thank you very much. Just one minor thing. Did you say what month you expect Nevada to be on the single wallet? And then that's totally it for me. Thanks. Oh, my goodness! I wish I could answer that question with certainty. There is a regulatory process. We're working constructively with the regulators in Nevada, but really, that is our dependency. So rather than try and put anybody into a box, ourselves or them, rather just take it day by day. I expect first half, you know, generously, first half, we will be live Entain in Nevada. Thank you. Thanks very much. Your next question comes from the line of Chad Beynon with Macquarie. Please go ahead. Morning. Thanks for everything so far and for taking my question. Just in terms of the in-house and exclusive slot content, you talked about that as a big driver of your success and upcoming success as well. Is there a magic recipe in terms of your view, you know, kind of using third-party games versus in-house? And then secondarily, you mentioned success that you've had with Buffalo, an Aristocrat game. They've obviously made a pretty sizable acquisition, and it sounds like Aristocrat will become a bigger player in terms of iGaming content. How does that roll out, kind of portend growth for you guys? Thanks. Thank you for the question. Yep, I think there isn't a magic formula in relation to in-house and third-party games. What we've managed to secure is a very rich pipeline of exclusives that will be hitting all the way through 2024. Really, it's partly a credit to the team that we have that spends every day thinking about this, that are steeped in years and years of experience. Anyhow, these are end conditions. Really, the objective is to offer our players just the best games and fresh content that is regularly updated. And so the, what with, in terms of bringing, getting maximum benefit from this, from our in-house and exclusive games, we're actively thinking about merchandising, changes to the way we merchandise, the things that are different about, BetMGM, to amplify their impact in 2024. So that's something that you can expect. In relation to the Buffalo games and Aristocrat lean into the digital market. I spoke with their board some months ago, and my view, like yours, and obviously, because omni-channel is such an important feature of BetMGM strategy, it kind of makes sense for me to say this to them. But I said to them: "Look, we are absolutely convinced by the power of omni-channel. As a leading title producer, game producer in the retail world," my message to them was, "I think that one of their biggest opportunities is to port their very, very popular titles into a digital world. It's a whole new frontier. It's where the future is." And frankly, as I think was in the set piece remarks, five of our 10 most popular slot games have their origins in retail. So that game recognition, the brand recognition does travel. We are going to lean into that. We have a great relationship with Aristocrat. We were first to market with the Buffalo Games on it, so we had a period of exclusivity. We'd hope to try and recreate that, but clearly they're interested to serve a whole market rather than prefer any single operator. Thank you very much, Adam. Appreciate it. Sure. Your final question will come from the line of Joe Stauff with Susquehanna. Please go ahead. Thank you. Good morning or good afternoon now. Adam, Gary, I wanted to ask about, you know, just kind of the 30% EBITDA margin goal, and I think the slide said it includes structural margin advantages, you know, assumed from your partners. Historically, you had stated that was around 600-700 basis points. I guess the question is: is that still accurate, and is that the right way to interpret, you know, that slide that you presented? Yeah, that's still, that's still what we're looking at. I think what I alluded to is that in the near term, because of the engine we've created to allow us to channel more resources directly against our projects, we'll probably spend more in the near term helping to fund that. But when we look at the comparative to... You know, there's two ways to look at the benefit we get. One is if we were to license third-party technology to run the platform, and those platforms can run sort of north of 10% of NGR, or if you were to build it yourself. You know, when we look at the OpEx and the CapEx, depending on, you know, what's capitalized, we still think that range you described is what's gonna hold for the long term, and it definitely gives us the advantage that's signature to BetMGM. Gotcha. And then, you know, just regarding, say, the fixed expenses that you have relative to the contribution margin structure, when is it fair to say that that's gonna reach a level at where, you know, it, it's largely sort of scaled up and would grow at a more normalized level from there? Is that is that implied in your 26 guidance? Is that gonna be earlier? What's the right way to think about that timing? Well, it's definitely implied in the 2026 guidance. The question is, you know, as we go from 2023 to 2024, we're very happy that there's a number of parts of the organization that have been scaled out. But yeah, there's continuing to be some areas where we were investing. You know, the compliance infrastructure, which I referred to in terms of the people and the training, that's significant, and that's, you know, getting to more jurisdictions. We're learning more and more what needs to be there. And certainly, just as we build out the company of this growth, there's a couple areas that we're seeing and learning about the long-term cost structure of the business. But definitely as we get to the backside of 2024 is when I start to see the, t here's leverage benefits this year, don't get me wrong, but the real benefits of leverage and scale will roll into us on the backside of 2024. Gotcha. Thanks, guys. I'll now hand the call back to Adam Greenblatt for any closing remarks. Thank you, operator. Just a thanks. Thanks for the time. Thanks for the engagement. I hope you feel our enthusiasm and excitement for the future. Delighted that BetMGM continues to enjoy, fully, full and committed support from our shareholders, as evidenced by 2024 being an investment year. We believe in our prospects. We believe in, in the uniqueness and specialness of BetMGM, and, we hope to surprise and delight in the years to come. Thanks again for joining, and that's it for me. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.