Hello, and welcome to NVE Corporation conference call on second quarter results. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. To ask the question during this session, you will need to press star one one on your telephone. You will then hear an automated message advising your hand is raised. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. I will now like to hand the conference over to Daniel Baker, President and CEO. Sir, you may begin. Good afternoon, and welcome to our conference call for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. This call is being webcast live and recorded. A replay will be available through our website, nve.com. I'm Dan Baker, and I'm joined by Accounting Manager and Principal Financial Officer, Daniel Nelson. After my opening comments, Daniel Nelson will present our financial results, then I'll cover marketing and new products, and we'll open the call to questions. We issued our press release with financial results and filed our quarterly report on Form 10-Q in the past hour, following the close of market. Links to the press release and 10-Q are available through the SEC's website, our website, and on X, the platform formerly known as Twitter. Comments we may make that relate to future plans, events, financial results, or performance are forward-looking statements that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including, among others, such factors as uncertainties related to the economic environments and the industries we serve, risks and uncertainties related to future sales and revenue, and risks of credit losses, as well as risks listed from time to time in our filings with the SEC, including our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2023, as updated in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023. Actual results could differ materially from the information provided, and we undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements we may make. We're pleased to report strong earnings and cash flow, despite decreased revenue from a record quarter a year ago. Daniel Nelson will cover the details of our financials. Daniel? Thanks, Dan. Total revenue for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, decreased 33% to $7.13 million, compared to $10.7 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was due to a 32% decrease in product sales and a 92% decrease in contract R&D. The decrease in product sales was against a tough comparison to last year, when product sales increased 59% and a reflection of a semiconductor industry downturn. The good news is that forecasts are for a strong industry is projecting a 20% increase in semiconductor sales after a 12% decrease this year as demand rebounds for most application lines. The decrease in product sales was primarily due to decreased purchases by existing customers. Product sales to defense markets were especially weak in the quarter. This was related to the timing of procurement cycles, and we expect these sales to recover in coming quarters. The decrease in contract R&D revenue was due to the completion of most contracts, but we have new active contracts, and contract R&D is expected to strengthen later this fiscal year. Total expenses decreased 17% for the second quarter of fiscal 2024, compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2023, primarily due to a $202,926 credit loss provision reversal, partially offset by a 2% increase in R&D expense. The provision for credit loss reversal was due to a reassessment of our allowance for credit losses based on payments and debt to customer information as of September 30, 2023. Interest income for the second quarter of fiscal 2024 increased 46% due to higher yields on securities purchased after September 30, 2022. Our effective tax rate, which is the provision for income taxes as a percentage of income before taxes, decreased to 8% for the second quarter of fiscal 2024, compared to 19% for the second quarter of fiscal 2023. The decrease was due to the reversal of a $202,926 credit loss provision and changes in the amounts and timing of tax deductions and credits. Our effective tax rate can vary from quarter- to- quarter. Our effective tax rate in subsequent quarters will likely be higher than the effective tax rate in the quarter ended September 30, 2023. The 22% decrease in net income for the second quarter of fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year quarter was primarily due to decreased revenue, partially offset by decreased expenses, increased interest income, and a lower effective tax rate. Net margin was remarkable, was a remarkable 65% of revenue. For the first six months of fiscal 2024, total revenue decreased 12% to $16 million from $18.1 million for the first six months of the prior year. The decrease was due to a 10% decrease in product sales and a 68% decrease in contract R&D revenue. Net income for the first six months-... decreased 11% to $9.13 million, or $1.89 per diluted share, from $10.2 million, or $2.12 per diluted share for the first half of fiscal 2023. Net cash flow provided by operating activities increased 11% to $10.4 million for the first half of fiscal 2024, compared to $9.35 million for the first half of fiscal 2023. The strong operating cash flow more than cover our dividends so far for this fiscal year, and cash plus marketable securities increased from $53.3 million to $53.8 million. Now I'll turn the call back over to Dan Baker to cover the business. Over to you, Dan. Thanks, Daniel. I'll cover products, marketing, and our shareholders meeting. NVE's line of the world's smallest DC- to- DC converters recently qualified for the prestigious CE mark under an EU declaration of conformity, which includes safety, electromagnetic compatibility, and reduction of hazardous substances. Our distributors have told us the mark could enable additional sales in Europe. The key to qualifying for the mark was rigorous testing to international standards for radiated emissions. Unlike most conventional DC- to- DC converters, our parts passed the test with no external components for electromagnetic compatibility compliance. Also in the quarter, we officially renewed our ISO 9001 certification. The new certificate is valid until October 2026. ISO certification is a seal of approval from a third-party governing body that NVE meets the international standards of excellence published by the International Organization for Standardization, or ISO. ISO 9001 helps ensure consistent quality. Trade shows are an important part of our marketing strategy. Our distributors exhibited at several shows in the past quarter. We exhibited under our own banner at the Medical Design and Manufacturing trade show last week in Minneapolis, part of the advanced manufacturing event. Minnesota is a healthcare industry hub, and medical devices are an important market for us. We have a convincing benefit proposition for medical devices with small size, low power, and superb reliability. The nearby show was also a chance for some of our employees who don't usually go to trade shows to interact with customers and prospects. We demonstrated our new high-field tunneling magnetoresistance sensors, which have a unique omnidirectional capability, and they can detect the high fields from MRI to enable MRI-tolerant medical devices. We showed our new ultra-high sensitivity tunneling magnetoresistance sensors, which are ideal for catheter position detection and navigation. In these applications, an array of sensors on a catheter form a miniature compass, using an externally generated field to determine the position of the catheter. Our sensors' small size allows them to be used in small diameter catheters, and their precision improves positional accuracy, enabling more effective procedures. We also featured a new chessboard to demonstrate the wide operating latitude and power efficiency our sensors provide in medical and industrial applications. Demos are also on our website and our YouTube channel. We held our annual shareholders meeting in August at a nearby hotel. Unlike many companies, we returned to in-person meetings after the COVID-19 pandemic. Proxy advisory firms recommend in-person annual shareholder meetings for good governance. All of our directors and officers attended, along with our auditors. We had a chance to meet our shareholders and answer questions. Our shareholders could see and try out hands-on product demonstrations. In the formal meeting, each director was reelected, executive officer compensation was approved, shareholders voted in favor of annual Say- on- Pay votes, and the selection of our independent registered public accounting firm was ratified. We filed the final vote counts in a current report on Form 8-K shortly after the meeting. There's a replay of the meeting with slides and product demonstrations on our website and YouTube channel. Now, I'd like to open the call to questions. Tawanda? Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, as a reminder to ask the question, please press star one, one on your telephone and then wait to hear your name announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one, one again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. Our first question comes from the line of Jeffrey Bernstein with Silverberg Bernstein Capital Management. Your line is open. Hi, Dan. How are you? Good. Hi, Jeff. So, a couple questions for you. Just wondering, have you delivered now all the backlog that had built up during COVID? Well, we've, we don't formally call it backlog because backlog has a GAAP meaning. But we do look at order flow and orders in the system, and we continue to have orders in the system. So, while we've recovered from some of the shortages that that plagued many in the semiconductor industry during the pandemic, we continue to have strong order flow and orders that that we're continuing to fulfill. So in terms of your lead times, have those changed at all? They have. It depends on the part, but our lead times are shorter. We have many parts in stock now that we, that we didn't have in stock. We've always been better than most in the industry, we believed, during the pandemic, because we are uniquely positioned in that we have integrated production here at NVE. We have front end, back end, and control over most of our processes. So we, we're, we're in better shape than most in the industry, and, now we're in even better shape because some of the shortages have abated. We've increased our capacity with capital investments. We've increased our staffing, and so we can, we can offer shorter lead times or, parts in stock in many - for many of our parts. Yeah. Okay. And then can you just talk a little bit about the design pipeline, sort of, versus pre-COVID times? Is there a significant difference in the number of designs that you guys are working on? Yeah, that's a, that's an interesting question. I think it's more, but I don't know that we have data that could support that. It's just a feeling that we've had more interest as companies are less worried about just getting parts than now they're looking also at new designs and longer term things. The shortages of personnel, including design personnel, that plagued the industry during the pandemic, seem to have abated at least somewhat. So, we're very optimistic also based on the feedback that we've gotten on some of our specific products, including our DC-to-DC converters, some of our angle sensors, and I mentioned navigation sensors that are, in particular, useful in the medical business. So, our design activity is high. Gotcha. And then in terms of just the overall number of customers who are ordering from you versus pre-COVID, what does that look like? Well, it has increased. We picked up some customers during the pandemic, during the shortages, and we've retained them by and large. So, we have more customers than we had before the pandemic. We continue to pick up customers, but as we've said before, they sometimes came for the lead time, but they stayed for the quality product and the support that they get from NVE. Gotcha. That's great. And then, just wondering in terms of any design wins that you've had over the last, you know, couple of years, that you think, you know, will move the needle at some point, or are the, you know, sort of individual designs just never gonna, you know, be that important? Well, we see, we see some especially important areas where we've had design wins, and two that I would highlight include charging stations for electric vehicles, which is a major thrust to build out the infrastructure required to support the expected increase in use of electric vehicles. And we have a design win there that we've talked about before. We also have a design win in power conversion for energy storage systems, which is important for the conversion to green energy, because green energy, electricity, mostly electricity, has to be stored because the wind doesn't always blow, and of course, solar energy goes away at night. So being able to store that locally, are, is important. So these are growing markets that we see as, as having tremendous potential, long-term potential. So those are design wins. We are pleased with any design win, but those of course are important because they address large, fast-growing markets where we have a convincing benefit proposition. Yeah, that's great. Thanks for the help today. Thanks, Jeff. Thank you. Please stand by for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Chris Benkovsky. Your line is open. Hello, thank you for taking my question. I want to ask you on your YouTube channel, you have an example for using your chips for a GFI device and for a driver for an electric bike. Do you think those, like, your prices are practical to enter these markets? ... So you said for driving electric bike motors. Yeah, so we have a YouTube video where we demonstrated several of our parts, our isolators and our DC-to-DC converters for power conversion to drive an electric motor. In that case, it was an electric motor that was used in an electric bike. And that particular market is an interesting market for us, for the power conversion there. And we do believe that we have a competitive proposition where we can improve the efficiency of those types of systems, we can decrease the size, and we believe that it's cost-effective. There's a broader market for power control of all kinds of motors. So motors use a significant portion of the electricity that's used in the world, as you might expect, and increasing that efficiency can, even a little bit, can significantly help the overall challenge of converting to electricity and to carbon-free energy sources. So we see that as an excellent opportunity, the general category of motor control. Can you give us some kind of a neighborhood figure as to how much efficiency gain you would have on kind of like an average industrial motor? Yeah, that's it. It's difficult to come up with an exact number because it depends on the motor and the application, as you can imagine. It's not like it's going to change from 50% to 99%, though. Those sorts of changes, those sorts of improvements in efficiency have been wrung out in the past. But even slight improvements, 1% or even less than 1%, are significant because they get multiplied by a number of motors, and it turns into a lot of electricity that can be saved. So it's difficult to quantify it, but we can offer higher efficiency than conventional electronics, and that's important to our target market. Okay, that's good to hear. And higher efficiency is because you could say that generally speaking, you do better current sensing than the existing systems. Is that- Exactly. Okay. Yeah. Part of it is current sensing, and then part of it is the efficiency of our DC-to-DC converters, and then the other part of it is the speed of our isolators, which provide an interface between the controls and the power switching transistors. The reason that's important is because these transistors are very efficient when they're either on or off, but when they're transitioning, they can burn electricity. That's a major source of inefficiency. The faster that one can switch those devices, the more efficient they become, and our devices are extremely fast. Okay, that is good to hear. And, are you... And this is something I always ask, but are you making inroads in kind of like more, wide, broader market, industrial applications like this? We are. So the question was broader markets, so you mean our traditional industrial control market and the Industrial Internet of Things. And we continue to have a strong position there. We've highlighted, we would highlight some of our smart sensors, which are used in robotics for industrial control and highly connected robotics. Those parts have been, we've been pleased with the reception for those parts. We continue to make isolators that provide the nerves of those systems and the sensors that provide the eyes, if you will, of the robotics that go into industrial control systems. So that remains a strong market for us. Okay, and another YouTube video was about using your, again, your current sensors for GFCI, which is kind of the safety plug you have in your bathrooms. Is that a market you can enter? Oh, I see. I missed that the first time you asked it. So, what you were talking about would be GFCI or ground fault interrupters, or sometimes it's called GFCI, ground fault circuit interrupters, and we have a demonstration on our website and on YouTube that shows how to do that. So that's an interesting market for us. The home market, which would be in things like bathrooms and kitchens, is rather commoditized, but there is an industrial market for such devices, which we are looking at. And more importantly, we're demonstrating the extreme sensitivity and very wide range of our current sensors. And as you correctly pointed out, current sensors are important for controlling motors and doing it efficiently, so that allows motors to become more efficient in the system. And also, our sensors use very little power themselves. So conventional current sensors might use a significant amount of power. So to measure the current, in order to control the current, in order to improve the efficiency, you're spending some of that savings with the current sensor. And our current sensors use very little power. So we see that as a demonstration for a particular application, but also of the broader applicability of those parts in low power, high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, current sensing. All right. And more general, just the couple of days, there's been news out of Taiwan that the inventory correction is ending, clients are ordering more chips. Have you seen this in the last week or so? We've seen, in general, a recovery of the semiconductor industry, as Daniel alluded to in the prepared remarks, and so that gives us reason for optimism for the coming quarters. Have you seen it in your own orders and your own kind of requests for inbound interest requests, inquiries? We have. So you mean purchasing from foundries? Well, I mean, just client inquiries and client orders. Have you seen like a cyclical uptick? We are seeing some improvement. It's been gradual. It would be difficult to point to a particular week and say that we saw improvement, but in general, we've been seeing an improvement in the order flow, and that makes us optimistic about the future. All right. That's it for me. Thank you for your very detailed answers, and good luck. Thank you, Chris. Thank you. As a reminder, ladies and gentlemen, that's star one one to ask the question. Please stand by for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Steven Lewis, with Lewis Capital Management. Your line is open. Good afternoon. I have a question about your bond portfolio. Have you had any change in the way it's been managed in the last three to six months? You're showing a small, you know, a small valuation difference of only $1 million plus versus cost. Yeah. So what we were showing for the unrealized losses in the bond portfolio, which I think is what you're referring to, is what's been happening is that, in general, interest rates have been increasing, and so that results in unrealized losses in our bond portfolio. So unrealized losses, meaning that while the value, when we look them up in a, when in the bank statement or we look them up online, the value is lower, but we still expect them to pay the face value or par value of the bonds. But the flip side of that is that interest rates have—with interest rates increasing—is that it's significantly increased our interest income, as you can see on the income statement. That's because we've been able to reinvest our bonds as they mature in higher interest securities than the ones that they were originally invested in. That's what you're doing now? Yes. Investing in higher, higher rates. Okay. Mm-hmm. Yes. So when we reinvest in a bond that matures, so we have bonds that mature occasionally, and then we reinvest them, and the interest rates are typically higher with the reinvestment, with the new bonds than the old bonds. Some of our bonds might be several years maturity, and so when we bought them several years ago, interest rates were lower. When those bonds mature, and we can roll them over into higher interest rate bonds, then our interest income increases. Assuming you can forecast your cash flow near term, do you think you will eradicate the difference between cost and fair value by the end of the year? Unlikely by the end of the year, because the maturities of the bonds are longer. So we typically invest in multi-year bonds because we have strong cash flow, and we don't expect to need the funds immediately. But when the bonds mature, they—we expect them to pay their par value. So if we have a $1 million-dollar bond, the book value might be lower now, but we expect it to pay off $1 million. But that will be over the term of the bond, where the value will tend to converge on the par value, and then the loss will decrease. ... Thank you. Regarding the Abbott hearing aid business, there's been a lot of publicity about the ability to buy cheaper hearing aids without having to go through the doctor. I haven't checked to see if Abbott had any comments on their call today, but is that business holding up versus your estimates? The hearing aid business continues to hold up. It's an important part of our market. The broader market that you referred to about over-the-counter hearing aids and hearables is an excellent market for us. Hearing aids are a large, underserved market. The estimates are that only 20% of those that could use a hearing aid seek help, as you implied, that many are discouraged by the cost as well as the inconvenient dispensing. So having over-the-counter hearing aids and lower-cost hearing aids, we believe, will expand the market, and we have a convincing benefit proposition in hearing aids, so we see that as a good long-term opportunity. Have you secured any OTC backlog? We have talked about some design wins in that space and the broader hearables market, which would be, you know, things that would go in one's ear but may not necessarily be a hearing aid. It's a relatively small market now, but we expect it to grow. Well, when you said you are pleased with the solid earnings for the quarter and the six months, does that mean that the actual results for the quarter September were within 3%-5% of your estimate going into the quarter? So you could be pleased? Well, we were pleased under the circumstances of the industry downturn and the, as Daniel mentioned in the prepared remarks, that we have a defense business that can be lumpy and can be somewhat volatile. It was down significantly in the September quarter, but we expect it to recover in coming quarters. So in the context of the industry and the particular effects of the defense, and the particular lumpiness of the defense business for us, we were pleased with the results. We were certainly pleased with the cash flow and the profitability that Daniel mentioned in the prepared remarks. You were pleased that the results were what you expected earlier, at least three months? Well, as you probably know, like most companies, we don't provide forward-looking guidance, so there's not much to compare to, but we look at it and say: How did we do, given the environment and given the, you know, the difficulty of the compare? So, yes, we were pleased. We were pleased with how our folks executed in delivering orders and on bringing in new business and the profitability, the efficiency, and the execution that our team had for the quarter. You're pleased with the backlog? We're pleased with the order flow, given the industry conditions. But, the industry is improving, as we touched on in other questions, and we expect, the expectations are for a much stronger semiconductor market in the coming year, in 2024. Thank you very much. Thank you, Steven. Thank you. Please stand by for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Pete Privett. Your line is open. Hi, Dan. With the significant patent portfolio the company has, do you see any opportunities to license some of those patents to create additional revenue streams? We've looked from time to time at the possibility of licensing, and in particular, we've talked about licensing our MRAM portfolio. We were a pioneer in MRAM, which is spintronic memory. But our target market for that technology is in high-value, low-density memories, where we can build the type of fab that can be used, as opposed to the multi-billion dollar fabs that make large-scale memories. So there's an opportunity for potentially licensing. It's a long-term opportunity. And then we have other ways of monetizing our intellectual property. We're very proud of our portfolio of intellectual property, and one way we can monetize that is private label sales, where we sell our products under another company's brand name. So we're still manufacturing it. We're proud of our manufacturing capability, and so licensing the technology and not making it means giving that up. And it's also, in some cases, we've invested quite a bit in the technology and in the infrastructure, and it's not that easy for somebody else to build it. But we do explore opportunities where... to leverage our intellectual property portfolio in other ways than simply selling parts under our own brand. Great. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thanks, Pete. Please stand by for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Collin McBirney with Topline Capital Management. Your line is open. Hi, Dan. Thanks for taking the question. I was wondering on the—in the past, you've talked about the lumpiness on defense. Could you maybe just comment, like, outside of, if you kind of set aside defense, maybe either for the quarter or for the first half, like, is the, is the business outside of defense, like, flat? Or just to get a sense for kind of the, the run rate. Yeah, that's... We don't break down precisely our defense versus non-defense business, but defense was a major influence on the most recent quarter, on the September quarter. As I mentioned, in response to a prior question, we were pleased with the results, setting that aside, for the non-defense business. It has been a slow industry, and that affects us, but the defense was a particular drag on revenue in the most recent quarter. Got it. And then on the defense business, are those orders placed by, like, the U.S. government, like the DLA or something, or are they typically placed by a prime contractor? And then maybe you could just, like, touch on, like, maybe how many, like, customers you have in defense. Like, is it one that places an order for $2 million, or is it, like, 10 of them, and they kind of come in lumpy? It sounds like it's very lumpy, but is that just because there's, like, one customer that's the U.S. government or something, or yeah? The customers are typically prime contractors, defense contractors, and it's not one, but it's not a large number either. There's a relatively small number of large defense contractors. And so the lumpiness tends to be tied to defense procurement cycles, and our products that we sell into the defense industry are primarily anti-tamper products, which are used to protect electronic technology in large systems. So those tend to be tied to particular procurement systems for the large defense system. We can't say what types of systems they are, and we often don't know for obvious reasons, but they tend to be things that take a while to build, and they're... So we get big orders when the systems are starting to be built, and then they can sometimes drop off. That's what happened in the September quarter. Got it. Okay. And then do you have a sense for, you know, without getting into specifics, I mean, are some of the equipment used in Ukraine and/or kind of Israel's response to the recent terrorist attacks, like, I mean, it seems like the environment for defense spending, you know, over the next year is as good or better than it was a year ago, and I guess, it's how do you kind of triangulate that in terms of kind of go forward expectations versus where things have been? Yeah, that's a good point, Collin. We would certainly hate to have to say that those conflicts are good for business, but what the government has said publicly, what the Defense Department has said, is that it's important to protect electronics for systems that are going to foreign sales, to allied sales, because those tend to be especially vulnerable to reverse engineering and falling into unfriendly hands. So in that sense, I suppose it's a positive environment for our defense sales. These are relatively long procurement cycles, so it's not something where if a defense system is shipped, we're immediately gaining revenue from it. We do look at it, though, that we're proud to do our part, a small part, but an important part of protecting U.S. technology and protecting ours and our allied war fighters. Okay, great. That makes sense, and obviously, personally, I fully support the US military. And maybe last one I had just on... I think if my notes kind of serve me correctly, I think sometime you guys said that kind of fiscal 2024, your fiscal 2024 revenue could be somewhat similar to your fiscal 2023 revenue. Obviously, the first half was kind of started a little bit lower. I mean, that would sort of imply something closer to, like, $11 million a quarter for 3Q and 4Q each. I mean, is something like that potentially feasible, or was there kind of a change in the maybe the outlook, or maybe I've misunderstood previous comment? Yeah, Collin, I think the comments we made before about revenue being the same was within the context of anti-tamper sales. So we were actually discussing, talking about the lumpiness of the anti-tamper sales business, and the comment we made was specifically related to that, that we did not expect to see a significant difference in the lumpiness of that business, and not particularly revenue for the full fiscal 2024. So yeah. Oh, okay, got it. And so presumably, the kind of positive lump in 2Q 2023, and then the positive lump in 4Q 2023, those were both from the defense. So, assuming that comment still holds, you guys would have kind of a couple positive lumpiness to match last year's lumpiness? We expect anti-tamper sales or defense sales to increase. We expect defense sales to recover in the remaining quarter of fiscal 2024. But as far as the timing, it's hard to say again, because of the lumpiness of this part of our business. Because as Dan mentioned in his comment, sales are tied to defense procurement cycles and defense contracts, which can be terribly difficult to predict. Got it. Understood. Okay, great. Well, thank you, guys. Appreciate it. Thank you. I'm showing no further questions in the queue. I would now like to turn the call back over to Dan for closing remarks. Well, thanks, everyone. We were pleased to report strong earnings and increased cash flow despite the challenging conditions. We look forward to speaking with you again at our next earnings call in January. Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.