Good morning, and welcome to the Olin Corporation's first quarter 2022 earnings conference call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. If you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. Following today's brief opening comments, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your touch-tone phone. To withdraw your question, please press star then two. Please note, this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Steve Keenan, Olin's Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, Steve. Thank you, Rocco. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. Before we begin, let me remind you that this discussion, along with the associated slides and the question and answer session that follows, will include statements regarding estimates or expectations of future performance. Please note that these are forward-looking statements and that actual results could differ materially from those projected. Some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ from our projections are described without limitations in the Risk Factors section of our most recent Form 10-K and in yesterday's first quarter earnings press release. A copy of today's transcript and slides will be available on our website in the Investors section under Past Events. Our earnings press release and other financial data and information are available under Press Releases. With me this morning are Scott Sutton, Olin CEO, Damian Gumpel, President, Epoxy and Corporate Strategy, Patrick Schumacher, President, Chlor Alkali Products and Vinyls, and Todd Slater, Olin CFO. Scott will begin with some brief remarks after which we will be happy to take your questions. I'll now turn the call over to Scott. Yeah. Thanks, Steve. Olin's first quarter results met a number of expectations, but we can deliver more. That said, the broad Olin global team delivered remarkable accomplishments in demonstrating that we have control over improving our value delivery in 2022 versus 2021 in the face of major CAPV power asset challenges, and now including a multi-month complete Plaquemine site shutdown and an Epoxy market in which Olin absorbed and continues to absorb the demand shortfall. Both CAPV and Winchester delivered the highest quarterly EBITDA in their history. We were also pleased to announce our Blue Water joint venture with Mitsui & Co. to substantially grow our participation in global liquidity and better service global demand. Complementing our leading position, Mitsui will bring to the joint venture both existing business and a tremendous global capability to drive long-term growth. Beginning with slide four, there are two main themes that I'll review in these remarks. One thematic is our Olin winning model, and the other is our Olin growth vectors. Here's the simple story of Olin. We're the global leader in all of our businesses and seek to expand our leadership. Our annual levered free cash flow is $1.7 billion, and it is very repeatable. We have a unique system value model that breaks the cycle phenomena. In other words, the Olin winning model. We have accretive initiatives in every business. We call them Olin growth vectors. Let's start with the Olin winning model theme on slide five and really respond to a very popular question that we get all the time. The application of our new winning model prevents deeply cyclic results that Olin historically inflicted upon itself. Here's the proposed proof. First, on the left-hand side from the top down, Olin could absorb demand shortfalls like we are doing today in Epoxy, by the way, and run our entire global chemical assets portfolio at 50% utilization rates for a whole year and still deliver close to $2 billion of EBITDA in that same year. From the bottom up on the right-hand side, we are speaking of from the $636 million of EBITDA in 2020, we add back material changes that we don't lose in the event of a recession and could still get to at least $1.5 billion of EBITDA. With demand growth forecasted to be larger than supply growth across all of our businesses, we don't see the recession scenario materializing. Even if we did fall all the way down to $1.5 billion of EBITDA, we could still deliver more than $1 billion of levered free cash flow in that same year. A recession year yield of 13% at today's equity price. Continuing the Olin winning model theme on slide number six, the optionality and the high-level mechanics of our model are important to understand, so we have tried to summarize a day in the life of operating our model. First, we set our broad market participation to the forecasted weaker side of the ECU. In other words, we don't chase the stronger side, and we limit our participation on the weaker side. Second, we determine which Olin chlorine derivative chains to give preference based on their relative values. We decide how far downstream in each derivative chain we will participate. Finally, as a fourth step, even for the products that we do participate in, it may make sense to purchase liquidity from the global market instead of producing the product. The operation of the model is clearly more sophisticated than this simple summary. As you might imagine, the operation is really executed across a deep and rational culture of value. Now let's move to the Olin growth vectors thematic beginning on slide number seven. Considering the backstop of our successful model, we can now cross an inflection point and run growth initiatives. Olin currently sits on the capability to incrementally facilitate the next world scale PVC plant. We estimate the combined capital cost at about one-third of a greenfield project with a much shorter time to market. This project could yield both growth and a broadening of the options available in the operation of our winning model. In other words, we get value back to Olin's ton number one. Moving to slide number eight. Sustainable hydrogen supply is an untapped opportunity for Olin. We already have one of our smaller chlor-alkali facilities supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell market. Last night, we announced the signing of an MOU for a joint venture with Plug Power to supply sustainable hydrogen from our St. Gabriel, Louisiana production facility exclusively to the growing fuel cell market as well. Taken together, these two supplies represent about 6% of our current hydrogen production. We can expand this relationship to other Olin sites, and we have the independent option of replacing previously closed ECU electrolysis cells with water electrolysis cells as well. In Epoxy on slide number nine Olin is positioning its technology to take advantage of robust future demand driven by mega trends. There are clear and specific global growth vectors that will pull on Epoxy demand, namely giant wind turbines, lighter automobiles, electrified vehicles, and more sustainable construction methods. For each of these vectors, Olin has developed a proprietary Epoxy system to solve a technical and enabling feature needed in the end product. On slide number 10, Winchester is already highly engaged in materializing benefits from growth vectors in both the commercial and military arenas. Our Shoot United initiative is exposing the positive benefits of wholesome shooting sports with family and friends to millions of potential new participants in this fast-growing sport. Winchester has also recently been awarded a new contract to kick off the development of the U.S. military's next generation squad weapon ammunition production facility at our Lake City, Missouri ammunition plant. We expect multiple new fundings to be appropriated to Winchester to manage this effort and additionally to supply the 6.8 millimeter rounds. Winchester is clearly on a growth path. That really concludes my opening comments. Operator, we are now ready to take questions. Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your touchtone phone. If you are using a speaker phone, we ask that you please pick up your handset before pressing the key. To withdraw your question, please press star then two. Today's first question comes from Hassan Ahmed with Alembic Global Advisors. Please go ahead. Thanks, Scott. Scott, really appreciate you sort of, you know, identifying these growth vectors, and sort of, you know, highlighting them. My question is around capital allocation. Has anything really changed? From the sounds of it seems, you know, the growth you're talking about, you know, if I may use the phrase, is asset-light. My question, I guess, is, you know, how should we on a go-forward basis think about capital allocation? You know, how you're thinking about, you know, quote-unquote, "an asset-light strategy," you know, compared to buybacks, compared to maybe even potential M&A that you guys talked about historically? Yeah. Hi, Hassan. Yeah, you're right. I mean, the growth vectors that we've identified here so far are very capital light. What I would say about capital allocation here is that, look, we're generating a lot of cash. We have a lot of cash. You know, the yield on Olin right now is more than 20%, and it's the absolute best investment in town. We will be using that cash to repurchase that equity. Even in the case of a recession, you know, across a full year, even at today's equity price, it's a 13% levered free cash flow yield. It even makes sense in that period at today's pricing. You know, you can book it. That's the direction we're going. Very clear. I was very intrigued by, you know, a line in the slide deck where you talked about potential for H2O electrolysis, especially where chlor-alkali capacity was closed. Look, I mean, obviously you guys know electrolysis, you know it well. You know, the whole hydrogen thing seems to be, if I may use the word sexy, these days, and anyone who's in the hydrogen game seems to get a multiple re-rating. I mean, if you could just flesh out the hydrogen opportunity for you and how you're thinking about your ambitions there. Yeah. I mean, today, right, we're not getting value for that hydrogen. In fact, a large part of it is strictly exhausted into the atmosphere. Another part is burnt at less than fuel value, I would say. You know, another part, we have some arrangements with gas companies that end over the, you know, coming period. The first objective is to take what we're already producing and essentially, you know, monetize it. At the exact same time, you know, develop real carbon abatement because it's going into certainly growing applications. This step that we took with Plug Power was really just the first step. It, you know, we had. Now we have two sites delivering hydrogen to fuel cells, or we will have the two sites. It's still a very small amount of the hydrogen we produce. I mean, we're actually the largest producer of electrolysis grade hydrogen in the country at the moment. Very helpful, Scott. Thank you so much. Yeah. Sure. Ladies and gentlemen, our next question comes from Mike Sison with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead. Hey, guys. Nice quarter and outlook. In terms of Epoxy, I was just curious. I think you've mentioned in the prepared remarks that, you know, demand's a little bit kind of soft and just wanted to get a little bit of color on that and how you see sort of Epoxy performing over the next, you know, couple quarters? Yeah. Hey, Mike. I mean, Damian will give us just a couple comments on that. But just to make it even clearer, yeah, you know, demand has come down. We've absorbed that demand, you know, shortfall. In fact, you know, the first quarter was the lowest volume Epoxy quarter in the history of this business. I think Damien can give you a view of where demand sort of sits right now. Sure. Mike, good morning. Yeah, we look at three factors meeting demand right now. First is obviously the situation, the unfortunate situation going on in Europe. The second area is the ongoing supply chain issues that are making it difficult to get other materials in to then combine with the Epoxy to make a finished good. You know, automotive is a clear example there. The third example, the third area we see is China with the ongoing deep lockdowns that are underway here in the first quarter. All those factors are meeting demand some. That said, we are seeing that second quarter demand is a little better than first quarter. We would normally expect that with seasonality, so we are seeing that. The US continues to have, you know, good, robust Epoxy demand. All that said, we continue to, you know, set our value point for LER. We don't come off of that value point. We moderate, you know, our production based on the demand that's, you know, available to us from our customer base. Last comment I'll tell you is that even with all that, you know, we're not seeing, you know, the world able to make more LER, and that kind of reinforces our point that right now, Olin is, you know, we continue to absorb, you know, the demand shortfall out there. Got it. Scott, I thought I'd just maybe get a little bit of color on slide seven and your kind of thoughts on, you know, finding a vinyls partner, maybe some timing and what do you think needs to happen for this to be a reality for you over the next couple of years? Yeah. Well, I mean, look, I mean, we're positioned very well to make this a reality all the way up to PVC. Really all we're looking for here is the right lead partner to put something together with. There's probably no better economics case for the next world-scale plant than sits here with Olin. Got it. Thank you. Sure. Our next question today comes from Aleksey Yefremov with KeyBanc Capital Markets. Please go ahead. Thanks. Good morning, everyone. Scott, just following up on that question. Can you describe how sort of advanced your discussions are with potential partners on this PVC idea? Well, I would just say that, you know, we've had discussions at this point, but, you know, we wouldn't advertise it here if we didn't think it had a lot of possible legs. Okay. Matthew, thanks. It makes sense. Thanks for those. Could you discuss Plaquemine and Freeport maybe across, you know, several aspects. One, how much is it holding you back in terms of EBITDA perhaps in the second quarter, those two outages together? Then how much do you think sort of fixing Freeport could cost in terms of capital or outside of CapEx, costs? Yeah. Hey, Alex, I might use your question just to expand a little bit on, you know, a lot of combination factors we're having now. If you just think about the second quarter, you know, it's where the most negatives merge together for us. You know, the negatives there are that, you know, we're running short on power in Freeport, and we will at least through the fourth quarter. We have the complete Plaquemine site shut down. It's a multi-month shutdown, and will affect almost all of the second quarter. We have our Stade Epoxy and upstream units completely shut down. As Damian said, you know, we're just not gonna sell into a poor quality market, and we absorb all the demand shortfall essentially by doing that. On top of that, we've declared a system-wide force majeure in our CAP fee business. All of that is coming together in the second quarter. Yet, with all of that, our second quarter will be better than our first quarter. Those conditions likely only improve as we move out of the second quarter. In terms of capital and so forth, this isn't gonna materially impact, you know, our guidance that we have where we spend between $200 million and $250 million a year of fixed capital. Thanks, Scott. Sure. Our next question today comes from Kevin McCarthy of Vertical Research Partners. Please go ahead. Yes, good morning. Scott, I'd appreciate your updated view on pricing prospects in both chlorine and caustic. With the Plaquemine site down for a multi-month period, we've seen some of your competitors put forth very aggressive or at least high, price increase proposals for the second quarter. Can you speak to, you know, supply-demand balances in the industry as they are and what that might mean for the price opportunity over the near term? Well, you know, Patrick will give us a little color on, you know, forward value plays by Olin. I would just tell you that, you know, it's been quite tight and all of this makes it even tighter. Even on a long-term outlook, we tried to demonstrate in our last quarterly call that, you know, demand growth certainly outstrips supply growth. That's just setting it up. Patrick, do you wanna expand a little bit? Yeah. I would just say that, you know, prices in the quarter moved up meaningfully from the fourth quarter for all of our businesses. You know, in the market, there was, as some of you noted in your notes, there's a bit of a lull in Asia in the middle of the first quarter in that caustic market, but those prices are moving again. You guys saw what just settled in Europe for contract prices for the second quarter. You know, that's a reflection of tightness in that caustic market globally. You know, we see pricing momentum continuing really across the board. As a follow-up to that, Scott, I think you announced a joint venture with Mitsui several weeks ago. Can you speak to that partnership and what a formal relationship there brings to the table for Olin relative to just trading or parlaying, as you call it, with you know, a wide variety of trading companies for international business? Yeah. I mean, sure. What it does is dramatically expand our ability to participate in global liquidity and trading. I mean, both parties are bringing existing business into the joint venture, and this will certainly enhance our capability to serve globally in a way that we haven't been able to before. It effectively brings, you know, a significant growth opportunity to Olin and to Mitsui. Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, our next question today comes from Arun Viswanathan with RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead. Great. Thanks for taking my question. Guess I just wanted to, you know, you noted some soft demand in Epoxy. So I guess first I just wanted to ask about if you can kinda go through your markets a little bit, let us know what you're seeing. You know, I know also you said there's you know, some weakness in Asian caustic in Q1, but structurally speaking, I guess, how do you see your your different end markets? Maybe if we can just, you know, focus on chlorine, caustic and Epoxy in Winchester, that'd be great. Thanks. Yeah. I mean, from a high level, I mean, end markets are generally fine except where we pointed out that, you know, Epoxy got a bit slow for reasons, you know, Damian went through, be it, you know, Asia, auto, Europe, and a little bit of a lull even in wind blade production that does come back. That has actually stabilized, and that was the nature of Damian's comment where he said that, "Look, second quarter looks just a bit better than first quarter in terms of demand." I mean, demand is fine everywhere else. Of course, you know, supply is quite tight also. If you take it to our Winchester business, which we haven't talked about yet on this call, you know, demand looks long-term good. In fact, with all the events going on with, you know, Russia's war, effectively they were the largest importer of ammunition into the U.S., in fact, about 12% of the market. You know, I suspect the U.S. isn't long for continuing to import that ammunition. That's just one more item that enhances the demand profile looking forward for Winchester. Okay. Thanks for that. Maybe if I could ask another question on PVC and, you know, the vinyls market in general. You've laid out a kind of a compelling value proposition for a partnership within PVC. Is it also the case that returns are at the point where you expect more kind of brownfield expansion within chlorovinyls? You know, we've gone through a significant amount of pricing here in the last couple years, and you seem committed to preserving a lot of that. Do you see more supply coming into the market, you know, on a brownfield or even greenfield basis in chlorovinyls, you know, in the near future? Well, I would say right now you don't hardly see anything announced. For the next four to five years looks pretty good. Look, I mean, there's gonna have to be capacity additions, right? I mean, Olin's not a player in big capacity additions though, and we've already said that. We have other ways to grow by using global liquidity that might already exist. Yeah, look, I mean, someone's gonna have to expand. In fact, it's more than someone, right? The number of plants that need to come online to support growth in the future, considering how tight it already is pretty significant. It's just that the complete economics just don't exist yet. You know, you've got to lift a bit more to get to real reinvestment economics considering the risk profile. Thanks. Sure. Our next question today, ladies and gentlemen, comes from Steve Byrne with Bank of America. Please go ahead. Yes. I was curious about your multiple pathways on slide six, and you're clearly moving downstream, you know, into epoxy and vinyls. I was just curious if there might be some other pathways you could consider, and one that seems possible would be the isocyanates into polyurethanes. Do you sell phosgene into the isocyanate industry, and is that another potential path for you? Yeah. I mean, thanks for the question. Look, there's lots of paths that are possible in the ECU world, right? We're already a supplier of, you know, either chlorine molecules or chlorine derivative intermediates into many different chains, right? The ones we put on that slide six are the chains that, you know, we effectively operate today, right? We were always considering different acquisitions, mergers, whatever the case is, and there's a number of derivative chains that could make a lot of sense, especially as Olin's equity value gets lifted as well. It's challenging to do a big move today considering where we trade at. Not impossible, just challenging. Just wanted to ask a little bit about the plans to produce the green hydrogen with Plug at St. Gabriel. It seems like you could go a variety of paths. You could just simply source renewable power into your existing electrolyzers. Is that the plan, or are you planning to add, you know, a 30 or 40-megawatt electrolyzer? Or could you just change the hydrogen production right now by changing the influent brine concentration? Yeah. Well, of course, today we already produce this hydrogen, right? It's being produced. It's just being spit into the atmosphere essentially, right, or used at some lower value application. All we're doing is taking that hydrogen and essentially liquefying it, and then Plug Power is taking it, you know, to their hydrogen distribution service centers, fuel cell application customers. It's already there. As soon as we start using it for a more appropriate application, we achieved carbon abatement. If we need to get the definition to green, which we will, there's multiple ways to do it. A simple way to do it is to use, you know, RECs available on the market or RECs available from Plug through their other operations. Thank you. Sure. Our next question today comes from Jeff Zekauskas with J.P. Morgan. Please go ahead. Thanks very much. You said that you expected to earn more in your chlor-alkali business in the second quarter than in the first. Why is that, given all of the difficulties that you've got? Are the operational issues in the second quarter less than they were in the first? How big were the operational issues in the first quarter? Hi, Jeff. No, the operational issues in the second quarter are more significant than the first quarter. In fact, it's when all of the negatives sort of merge together. The path that we're on, Jeff, to continue enhancing the value of the ECU and derivatives from the ECU has a lot of continuing momentum. That continuing momentum overwhelms those negative issues. I think in the press release, you know, we called out that just the Plaquemine event itself has, you know, a direct negative of $75 million to our earnings in our CAPV business. The other events have negatives as well, but we overcome all of those based on the momentum that we have in the business to improve the value. Okay. In your Winchester business, I imagine that you can track shipments of ammunition that come out of Russia. Have those shipments yet begun to diminish? How do you view the shipments out of Russia exclusive of sanctions? Yeah. Well, there's a lag effect in being able to do that, Jeff. We don't have complete, you know, view to diminishing shipments. What we do have some level of view to is the fact that there are certainly less import permits, in fact, maybe zero import permits being issued. We also have some level of view as to what may be originating, you know, in Eurasia there as well, and all of those things have come down. We'll have a better view to some actual reductions likely on our next earnings call. Okay, great. Thank you so much. Sure. Ladies and gentlemen, our next question today comes from Josh Spector with Wolfe Research. Please go ahead. Hey, thanks. Good morning, guys. Scott, you talked about, you know, potentially the need for more chlor-alkali supply into the market. You know, as you're thinking about the PVC plant opportunity, would this be your potential expansion to add more supply into it, or would this be a shift of supply from where you sell today, you know, into this new facility? Yeah, no. We would not add any more ECU production capability to do this. We already have it, and there's some timing impacts as well, where more materializes in that two to three year window that we put on the scale of this project. Gotcha. Thanks for that. Just on the two facilities outages, are you thinking any differently about how you're gonna operate the facilities when the repairs are fixed? Can the repairs actually improve the operational capabilities of the two facilities? Well, I would say that we won't change our operating philosophy. Our operating philosophy is effectively set by the principles that, you know, underlie our model. Those principles are that we won't be selling into a poor quality market, and we will be buying liquidity out in the market instead in certain cases. It won't change that. Got it. Thanks, guys. Ladies and gentlemen, our next question today comes from Josh Spector at UBS. Please go. Yeah, hi. Thanks for taking my question. Just as a follow-up on your recession scenario analysis, just curious, so it looks like you're taking operating rates down, but you're assuming that you can maintain pricing, at least on the chlorine side. I was wondering if you could comment on what your pricing assumption is there on the caustic side as well. Just going back to chlorine, what gives you confidence on being able to maintain that pricing? Is there something contractually set that locks that in place for you guys, or are you just assuming you could deselect where it weakens? Thanks. Yeah, thanks for the question. I mean, it's really like a chicken or egg question, right? I mean, this is, of course, a hypothetical case, just trying to demonstrate the extent that we're willing to go to preserve our product pricing. I mean, the reason you would take your complete global chemicals assets down to a 50% utilization rate for a whole year is to preserve product pricing, right? We control our own destiny. We're positioned to do that even in the case of a global recession. Particularly on. You brought up merchant chlorine, you know, that for many years sort of priced in the low $100 a ton, and we're directionally moving it toward $1,000 a ton on a pricing ratchet that, you know, we won't have to move back from. Even in a recession, when you think about the applications that are left with merchant chlorine, it's things like water treatment and wastewater treatment and pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Those demands continue. Okay. Thank you. Yeah. Our next question today comes from Eric Petrie at Citi. Please go ahead. Hi. Good morning, Scott and Todd. Hi. Can you just talk about the timing and scalability of furthering your green hydrogen ambitions, and do you need to see stationary and industrial end markets develop to do that offtake? And then how much in EBITDA uplift would you expect from that business? Yeah. Yeah. Thanks. I mean, we really, you know, didn't quantify the complete EBITDA uplift here. In terms of timing, one of the biggest limiting factors in, you know, the hydrogen evolution is actually not necessarily the hardware to use the hydrogen, but it is the reliable supply of hydrogen molecules because you just can't store much. As soon as we get this joint venture operational with St. Gabriel, it'll effectively be 100% utilized. The next one could probably be 100% utilized, too. It's just that, you know, it's gonna take another period of time to develop another asset. You might imagine that, you know, every six months to a year, there's an opportunity to do something to expand our hydrogen, you know, going into carbon abatement applications. Todd, I mean, what do you think? Is that- Oh, yeah. Absolutely. Remember, you know, we are only utilizing with this joint venture and the other application we have at another plant, you know, 6% of our hydrogen. There's a significant opportunity as we move forward. Okay. My second question is, could you just refresh your thinking on ECU and chlorovinyls' cost curve? Like, I think there's a new greenfield $2 billion chlorovinyls plant in the Middle East to supply Southeast Asia. What's the economics of exporting from the US versus exporting from Middle East to those demand centers? Well, I guess I would just say that, you know, we're making the cost per irrelevant, I would say. These materials are gonna be about value in use and, you know, the ability to service customers and regions at the right time. You know, the cost curves aren't an effective or consequential player in Olin's forward strategy. Thank you. Sure. Our next question today comes from Matthew Blair at Tudor, Pickering, Holt & Co. Please go ahead. Hey. Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. The first is just on your PVC volumes came down to 8% in the first quarter. Could you talk about the drivers there? You know, was that just due to higher caustic prices in Asia? And then what's your outlook for PVC volumes in Q2? Yeah. Well, Pat, Patrick will expand on this, you know, a bit. I mean, you know, sort of the setup for that is, you know, we just didn't need as many poly volumes in the first quarter. But you wanna- Yeah. Yeah. I would say there was less available. I mean, we're always looking for caustic and EDC in particular. You know, we talked a few minutes ago about caustic prices in Asia. You know, if you look at that key index of Northeast Asia FOB, you know, it started the quarter high $400s, low $400s. It got into the $650s. Had a little bit of a pullback that I mentioned in my earlier comment. Maybe went to the low $600s, but now it's $700+. Price talk is $800. That's on the back of what's happening in Europe. That marginal supplier into Europe is coming out of Asia, and those prices in Europe are $1,000, $1,100 or higher. That's where that Asia material, to the extent it's available, is going. Strong move in prices in aggregate means, you know, less supply available. We tried. You know, we lost a bunch of options. We're trying to get liquidity for our customers, but it's tougher to come by. Great. Thank you. Sorry if you already covered this, but could you explain why it's taking so long to repair the units at Freeport? Is that like supply chain issues or part availability? Yeah, I mean, we didn't expand on the details, but please, you know, recognize that, you know, we have six major power generation assets there, and two of them experienced significant failures. You know, new equipment has lead time of two to three years. We're not after new equipment, but even, you know, rebuilding them, you know, we have to access, you know, difficult to access parts and get them in. These aren't small projects. They're very large projects. Great. Thanks for the color. Sure. Ladies and gentlemen, our next question comes from Angel Castillo with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead. Hi. Thanks for taking my question. Just to help us, I guess, better understand the recession scenario, I was hoping to get a little bit more color on kind of that top-down look. As we think about operating rates, perhaps maybe two parts. Could you just give us a sense for where operating rates are today and roughly kind of what that move to 50% would be? Then also on top of that, I guess part of the strategy, as you've kind of been noting here in terms of the discussion, is maybe the parlaying, buying some capacity out of the market. Could you give us also a sense of where your inventories are today and maybe where would those go to in that kind of scenario if it's kind of baked into that? Yeah. I mean, in terms we won't. You know, we don't normally share, you know, current operating rates. What I will give you some color on is, you know, that we're practicing this in our Epoxy business today, right? There's been a demand shortfall. Olin, you know, has absorbed that demand shortfall, and so we had put our global assets, you know, somewhere around or just above that 50%, you know, rate plan. That's why we made the decision to take Stade offline for a while. By doing that, you know, you see the type of numbers that we're able to deliver in the first quarter, just rounding $160 million of EBITDA, you know, under pretty poor conditions, yet where we have not and will not, you know, back off the principles that underpin our model. That $160 million in one quarter is, you know, more than the business previously delivered in years. So I think maybe that is the best practical example of saying that if we did that more broadly across our larger assets, if we had to do that in the case of a recession, that, you know, we could hold this thing, you know, around the $2 billion EBITDA mark. So I don't know if that helps. You know, in terms of inventory, it's probably inconsequential. Todd, do you wanna comment on that or? You did see inventories from a dollar perspective move up a little bit in the first quarter compared to where we ended the year. But that really relates to higher hydrocarbon costs, especially overseas with being on FIFO. That's why you saw inventory move up in the financial statement. That's helpful. Thank you. I just wanted to revisit, I guess, the partnership opportunity that you discussed. Part of it, I guess, you know, as I think about these typical, type of agreements or the contract structure that they tend to have, it's usually kind of long-term supply agreements with maybe fixed, you know, or just some degree of pass-through for cost, but, some kind of fixed, profitability on it. How do you balance that with your, you know, winning model and the ratchet, pricing model, as well as the desire to have, you know, the flexibility to take product from one, from one kind of downstream opportunity to another, versus perhaps it's a partnership opportunity that could be kind of a long-term, strategy? Well, yeah, we wouldn't enter into something that didn't allow us to grow value and grow profitability over time. I mean, we would be looking for the right PVC partner. I mean, just keep in mind, you know, the things that Olin brings to this is, you know, all of the upstream brine, you know, ethylene power, even the chlor-alkali plants, the EDC capability, and we possess the incremental capability to expand VCM as well, right? What we need from a partner is essentially just the PVC and just the outlet from that. You know, yeah, we're not gonna use the extreme capability that we bring to end up having it locked up in something that fixes a margin. Very helpful. Thank you, and congrats again on the quarter. Okay. Great. Our next question today comes from Mike Leithead with Barclays. Please go ahead. Great. Thanks. Good morning, guys. Congrats on the JV announcement with Plug. Just two quick ones on that. One, I think in the slide you kind of talked about expanding or improving Olin sites as part of this long term. Do you have a sense of how much CapEx or capital spending you would need to do that? Second, how should we think about the economic structure of the JV? Is it 50-50 ownership, or are you still kind of hammering out all those details today? I'm sorry, what joint venture were you speaking of, speaking about? Was it the Blue Water Alliance or the hydrogen joint venture with Plug? The Plug Power hydrogen joint venture. Yeah. Okay. Yeah, I mean, that's gonna be set up as 50/50 joint venture going forward. For the improved or expanded Olin sites, is there a capital rough figure that you would a kind of attribute to those projects? Yeah, no, sorry. We didn't put out the capital cost, but all of this is included in our forward forecast and plans. Okay. And maybe just lastly, the slide 6 where you show the decision tree is super helpful. Just when you look at those different fluorine derivative pathways, any of those products that you'd flag exceptionally favorable? Or just which of those products have, in your mind, kind of the best fundamental balance over the next year or two? I would say in each and every chain, demand growth is likely to exceed supply growth, right? We've already commented on the fact that in vinyls we have a lot of untapped capability there. You know, Epoxy, we're able to sort of idle down the business at the level we're running at today with expectations of mega trends actually materializing. You have pretty good fundamentals there as well. You know, maybe the best fundamentals on the page are in the merchant chlorine space. Great. Thanks, Gus. Sure. Ladies and gentlemen, our next question comes from Roger Spitz with Bank of America. Please go ahead. Thank you. Good morning. For partnering with the PVC player, would you rather be shipping them EDC or VCM? Presumably, if you contract with them, you know, could that potentially have you produce more caustic than is good for the global industry? Well, I would say that we have options there, right? We have options to stop at EDC, to stop at VCM, or to go all the way through PVC. Yeah. You know, with regard to the byproduct caustic, I mean, it's still gonna fall within the parameters of our model that the complete participation of Olin through all of these chains and across all of these ventures and investments will be set by whatever is the weak side of the market between caustic and chlorine. So these kind of things, like that PVC venture that you see on slide number 7, have to fit under the umbrella of that model, and they will fit under the umbrella of that model. Got it. The other thing is, on the slide in the appendix, you talk about $200 million of debt reduction. Should we assume that you plan to address the $200 million of 5.5s due August 2022 by simply repaying that debt when due? Roger, this is Todd. Yes, we would expect in August to repay that debt. Thank you very much. Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes our question and answer session. I'd like to turn this conference back over to Scott Sutton for closing comments. Yeah, no, I would just say thanks to everybody for the questions today, and thanks to everybody else for joining us today. Thank you, sir. This concludes today's conference call. We thank you all for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect your lines and have a wonderful day.