Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by, and welcome to the Ooma first quarter fiscal year 2023 financial results call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speaker's remarks, there will be a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question during this time, please press star followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. If you would like to withdraw your question, again, press star one. Thank you. Matt Robison, you may begin your conference. Thanks, Josh. Good day, everyone, and welcome to the first quarter fiscal year 2023 earnings call of Ooma, Inc. My name is Matt Robison, Ooma's Director of IR and Corporate Development. On the call with me today are Ooma's CEO, Eric Stang, and CFO, Shig Hamamatsu. After the market closed today, Ooma issued its first quarter fiscal year 2023 earnings press release. This release is also available on the company's website, ooma.com. This call is being webcast live and is accessible from a link on the Events and Presentations page of the Investor Relations section of our website. This link will be active for a replay of this call for at least one year. A telephonic replay will also be available for a week starting this evening about 8 P.M. Eastern Time. Filing information for it is included in today's press release. During today's presentation, our executives will make forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or future financial or operating performance. Our expectations and beliefs regarding these matters may not materialize, and actual results are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. These risks include those set forth in the press release we issued earlier today and those risks more fully described in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The forward-looking statements in this presentation are based on information available to us as of the date hereof, and we disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements except as required by law. Please note that other than revenue or as otherwise stated, the financial measures to be disclosed on this call will be on a non-GAAP basis. The non-GAAP financial measures are not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute from results prepared in accordance with GAAP. A discussion of why we present non-GAAP financial measures and a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures discussed in this call to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures is included in our earnings press release, which is available on our website. On this call, we will give guidance for second quarter and full year 2023 on a non-GAAP basis. Also, in addition to our press release and 8-K filing, the Overview page and Events and Presentation page in the Investors section of our website, as well as the Results page of the Financial Info section of our website, include links to information about costs and expenses not included in our non-GAAP values and key metrics of our core subscription businesses. These are titled Supplemental Financial Disclosure one and Supplemental Financial Disclosure two. Additionally, our investor presentation slides include GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation that also provides reconciliation of GAAP expenses that are excluded from non-GAAP metrics. Now, I will hand the call over to Ooma CEO, Eric Stang. Thanks, Matt. Hi, everyone. Welcome to Ooma's Q1 fiscal year 2023 earnings call. Thanks for joining us. This is an exciting time for Ooma as we pursue several important growth initiatives, and it's my pleasure today to review with you our strong Q1 results and our plans looking forward. Our results for Q1 once again exceeded expectations on both the top line and bottom line. Q1 revenue was $50.3 million. non-GAAP net income was $3 million, and cash increased in the quarter to $31.8 million. We're happy to be off to a good start on our fiscal 2023 year. During Q1, we made strong progress expanding our sales and marketing resources and driving business user growth. We added approximately 50 headcount to our sales and marketing team, with most of these additions coming on board late in Q1. We also engaged with over 150 new VARs and agents. As we expected, our introduction of Ooma AirDial is a new and exciting offering for resellers and is helping us expand relationships in the reseller community. For Q1, we grew our business user base by approximately 12,000 users, which is a rebound from the last couple quarters. Along with this, our pipeline of opportunity grew as well. We are encouraged by these accomplishments as we look ahead to the rest of this year. Our progress with Ooma Office Pro and our recent launch of Ooma Office Pro Plus also give us confidence as we look ahead. Our take rate for Office Pro amongst new customers ticked up in Q1 to 49% of new users. Across our installed base, we now have over 24% of users taking the Pro tier. We just launched Office Pro Plus, which brings customers exciting new features and should serve to expand our opportunity in addressable market. Office Pro Plus completes our Office lineup, which now consists of Office Essentials at $19.95 per month, Office Pro at $24.95 per month, and Office Pro Plus at $29.95 per month. With Pro Plus, customers can now take advantage of typically larger business features while continuing to benefit from the turnkey easy-to-use Office platform. Pro Plus today brings call queuing for satisfying basic call center needs, hot desking to facilitate hybrid work environments where phones are shared, Salesforce integration, so Pro Plus features can be used from within Salesforce, and more. Moreover, as we also did after launching Office Pro, we intend to add to the Pro Plus feature set over coming quarters. Ooma Enterprise made progress in Q1 as well, particularly in the select verticals we are targeting. We closed 16 new deals in the hospitality vertical, a step up versus Q4. These deals included wins with both small and larger sized hotel properties. We also continued our growth with franchises of a large services firm, where we now serve over 6,000 franchise users nationwide. Regarding further development of Ooma Enterprise, we have an ongoing effort, as we've discussed previously, to modernize the ways our users interact with our solution. In Q1, we released new mobile apps, and we remain on track to complete our update of Ooma Enterprise's desktop app and admin portal in the first half of this year. We are also on track with our rollout to additional users at our largest customer. Late in Q1, we began the rollout in earnest, and we ended Q1 with about 27,000 users with this customer. We are currently expanding quickly and expect to onboard 8,000 or more additional users with this customer in Q2 on the way to our goal of adding 25,000 users during this fiscal year. Our expansion opportunity spans both North America and Europe. In Europe specifically, we now serve users located across 13 countries, our most yet with this customer. As you'll recall, Ooma AirDial is our new solution for customers replacing aging and costly copper line. AirDial launched in Q1 and is rapidly gaining interest by reseller agents, CLECs, and select strategic partners. With tens of millions of copper lines now in use in the U.S., we believe the market opportunity for AirDial is massive. To provide some perspective, AT&T announced that they expect to sunset 50% of their copper network by 2025. Moreover, customers have shared with us that the price they pay for individual copper lines has in some cases doubled or more over the last year alone. One customer, for example, reported their bill jumped from $105 per month a year ago to $506 per month now, and that's for one copper line. Generally, copper lines of customers that we used to see costing $80-$120 per month, we now see costing $120-$300 per month. If nothing else, Ooma AirDial, which is priced similarly to our other business offerings on a per user basis, provides customers a great financial incentive to make the switch. In Q1, we released the AirDial Remote Device Manager, and we are currently working on several additional AirDial enhancements. So far, our supply has been limited, but we are cautiously optimistic that we can build enough AirDial units this quarter to ramp up sales. In addition, our initiatives to capitalize on the trend to wireless internet continue to move forward. Sales of Ooma Connect 4G wireless internet in Q1 were our strongest yet. As we've discussed before, we are finding success with businesses whose only fixed internet option is low-grade DSL and also with businesses who have a critical need for a second backup internet service. Similarly, sales of Ooma Telo, driven by our partnership with T-Mobile, who, as you know, is offering Telo as an add-on to their home wireless internet, sales grew in Q1 as T-Mobile's marketing initiatives started to take hold. In Q2, we anticipate T-Mobile will implement additional marketing initiatives. Finally, I'd like to highlight the announcement we made in March that Ooma, for the ninth year in a row, won PC Magazine's prestigious Business Choice Award for Best VoIP System. This award is determined from the magazine's annual business choice surveys of its readers, so we find it especially gratifying that Ooma once again emerged as the top provider. We believe this demonstrates that our strategy to provide a unique combination of advanced features, superior ease of use, and uncommon value is resonating with customers. I'll now turn the call over to Shig Hamamatsu, our CFO, to discuss our results and outlook in more detail and then return with some closing remarks. Thank you, Eric, and good afternoon, everyone. I will begin with a review of our first quarter financial results and then provide our outlook for the second quarter and full year fiscal 2023. We delivered another quarter with strong financial results, achieving $50.3 million in total revenue, exceeding our guidance range of $49.5 million-$50.2 million. On a year-over-year basis, total revenue grew 10% in the first quarter, driven by the strength of Ooma Business, which has reached a milestone and accounted for over 50% of total subscription and services revenue for the first time in the company's history, as compared to 47% in the prior year quarter. non-GAAP net income for the first quarter was $3 million, which also exceeded our guidance range of $2.2 million-$2.8 million. Now, some details on our Q1 revenue. Ooma Business subscription and services revenue grew 18% year over year in Q1, driven by user growth as well as output growth. Residential subscription and services revenue grew 4% year over year. For the first quarter, total subscription and services revenue was $46.7 million or 93% of total revenue compared to 92% in the prior year quarter. Product and other revenue in the first quarter was $3.6 million, which was comparable to the prior year quarter. Now, some details on our key customer metrics. We ended the first quarter with 1,111,000 core users, up from 1,100,000 core users at the end of the fourth quarter last fiscal year, driven by the growth in business users. At the end of the first quarter, we had 320,000 business users or 29% of our total core users, an increase of 12,000 from Q4. Our blended average monthly subscription and services revenue per core user or ARPU increased 8% year over year to $13.71, up from $12.68 in the prior year quarter, driven by an increasing mix of business users, including higher ARPU Office Pro users. During the first quarter, we saw a nice rebound in Office Pro take rate with 49% of new Office users opting for Office Pro service, which was up from 44% in Q4 and 43% in the prior year quarter. Overall, 24% of our Office users have now subscribed to our Office Pro tier. Our annual exit recurring revenue in Q1 grew to $182.7 million and was up 11% year-over-year. Our net dollar subscription retention rate for the quarter was 96% as compared to 98% in the prior year quarter. Now, some details on our gross margin. Our subscription and services gross margin for the first quarter was 72%, which was an improvement from 71% in the prior year. The improvement in subscription and service gross margin was driven by our increase in scale and a greater mix of higher ARPU business customers. Product and other gross margin for the first quarter was -42%, which was comparable to -41% for the same period last year. On an overall basis, total gross margin for Q1 was 64% as compared to 62% in the prior year quarter. The higher total gross margin in Q1 this year was attributable to the year-over-year improvement in subscription and services gross margin and having a higher mix of subscription and services revenue, which as I mentioned earlier, represented 93% of total revenue in Q1. Now some details on operating expenses. Total operating expenses for the first quarter were $29.3 million, up $3.5 million or 14% from the same period last year. Sales and marketing expenses for the first quarter were $15.4 million or 31% of total revenue, up 16% year-over-year, driven by higher marketing and channel development activity for Ooma Business. Research and development expenses were $9.4 million or 19% of total revenue, up 14% on a year-over-year basis from $8.2 million, driven by investments in new features for both Ooma Office and Ooma Enterprise, as well as new products such as Ooma AirDial. G&A expenses were $4.5 million or 9% of total revenue for the first quarter compared to $4.3 million for the prior year quarter. Non-GAAP net income for the first quarter was $3 million or diluted earnings per share of $0.12 as compared to $0.11 of diluted earnings per share in the prior year quarter. Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was $3.9 million or 8% of total revenue as compared to $3.5 million for the prior year quarter. We ended the quarter with total cash and investments of $31.8 million compared to $29 million at the end of Q1 in the prior year. Cash generated from operations for the first quarter was $0.8 million compared to $0.4 million in the same period last year. On the headcount front, we ended the quarter with 1,031 employees and contractors, which represented an increase of over 50 from the end of last fiscal year. As Eric mentioned earlier, the increase in the first quarter came primarily from the sales and marketing functions. Now, I'll provide guidance for the second quarter and full fiscal year 2023. Again, our guidance is on a non-GAAP basis and has been adjusted for expenses such as stock-based compensation and amortization of intangibles. We expect total revenue for the second quarter of fiscal 2023 to be in the range of $51.4 million-$51.9 million, which includes product and other revenue of between $4 million and $4.3 million. We expect the second quarter net income to be in the range of $2.4 million-$2.8 million. non-GAAP diluted EPS is expected to be between $0.10 -$0.11. We have assumed a 25 million weighted average diluted shares outstanding for the second quarter. For full fiscal year 2023, we expect total revenue to be in the range of $210.5 million-$213.5 million, an increase from our previously issued guidance range of $209.5 million-$212.5 million. We expect non-GAAP net income for fiscal 2023 to be in the range of $9.5 million-$11 million, up from our previously issued guidance range of $8.5 million-$10.5 million. We expect non-GAAP diluted EPS for fiscal 2023 to be in the range of $0.37-$0.43. We have assumed approximately 25.4 million weighted average diluted shares outstanding for fiscal 2023. In summary, we are pleased with our strong start to our new fiscal year as we continue to focus on executing to our long-term objectives we shared with you during our recent Investor Day event. I'll now pass it back to Eric for some closing remarks. Eric? Thanks, Shig. On April fourteenth, the Ooma management team held its first ever Investor Day. We hope you were able to attend, but if not, we encourage you to view the presentation on our website. At that event, we laid out the strategy for the company, and we highlighted five strategic priorities for growth. The first is to extend our leadership serving small business customers, for example, through the launch of Ooma Office Pro Plus, which we just announced. The second is to develop new verticals and stronger sales channels. Third is to expand internationally, driven by serving the needs of our largest customer. Fourth is to capture the POTS copper line replacement opportunity with our innovative AirDial solution. And fifth, we want to leverage the trend toward 5G and fixed wireless internet. Altogether, we believe these initiatives place us in a strong position for continued growth and success. With that, thank you. We'll now take your questions. At this time, I would like to remind everyone, if you would like to ask a question, please press star followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. Your first question comes from the line of Brian Kinstlinger with Alliance Global Partners. Your line is open. Great. Thanks so much. Great quarter. Thank you. Brian Can you give us some more detail on the strategic partnership with T-Mobile, and Ooma Telo? You mentioned a pickup in advertising in the current quarter. Has that campaign already begun? Do you know if they're gonna focus their efforts on TV, streaming, email? Outside of being on their website, which we, I think discussed last quarter, was there any other marketing or advertising by T-Mobile during the first quarter? Thanks. Sure. I'll share what I can, Brian. There were more things that happened besides just being on their website in Q1, and we think there will be additional things that happen in Q2 that have not happened yet. If they had happened, I could talk about them because it'd be out there in the market, but I don't wanna talk about what T-Mobile's gonna do before they do it, as I'm sure you can appreciate. This is a great opportunity for us and for T-Mobile to serve customers, many of which are walking away from a double play solution. So I don't know if I'm answering your question fully, but it's a close relationship we have with them. We meet biweekly, planning next steps and things we're gonna do. We think both about marketing to new customers and also to the installed base. Let me leave it at that. Great. One follow-up. I appreciate your difficulty in answering that. You've been clear the supply chain has made it difficult in building AirDial product and shipping it out. Just maybe take us through where that supply chain challenge is today versus, say, three months ago. How much product can you make? And when might you think the easing of that capacity or inventory build will start to get better for Ooma? Thank you. That's all for me. Sure. Happy to comment on that. When we talked with you a quarter ago, we were ramping the supply chain and did not have much visibility beyond a small number of units that we were building for trial and beta and those sorts of things. As with anything, it's kinda like building a car these days, you've got everything you need except that one little part that you can't get that stops you from building the whole car device. As we sit here today, and keep in mind too, with AirDial, we're ramping up a new supply chain. This is a new product, so we have to engage with vendors and get them to start working with us. We can build a couple thousand units or more today, and we are very, very close to being able to build another 7,000 or 8,000 units through the balance of this quarter, provided we can get through one or two last hurdles, which we do believe we'll get through. Visibility beyond that first 10,000 units is a little harder to give, but I can tell you too that we've been going through, call it redesign of the AirDial. That's an overstatement, but the new designs to make it possible to work with multiple vendors in certain areas to reduce the dependencies in some key areas. Those designs should be able to kick in by Q3. In terms of our outlook and our guidance this year, we feel like we can achieve what we're trying to do, and whether we can serve the large upside opportunity we see, we'll have to wait to comment on that till we know more. Your next question comes from the line of Matthew Stotler with William Blair. Your line is open. Hey, this is Haley Mochan for Matt Stotler. Thanks for taking the questions. I wanted to start with the new Ooma Office Pro Plus plan. It's got some really intriguing features, the hot desking capabilities, integration with Salesforce, the ability to set up the simple call center and whatnot. It's obviously still very early, but what kind of interest or feedback are you getting from customers? Any early interest from new customers, but also the upsell opportunities within the existing customer base? Thanks. Yeah. We truly just launched it at, you know, in the last days. We've had a couple salespeople sell it before we even sort of had the time to train them on what it is, which is always fun to see. You know, for a little bit larger sized customers, these are very valuable features. We have a customer we're talking to right now that's fairly sizable that if we didn't have Salesforce integration, it would be a non-starter. That's a key for them in their business needs. As you get to a little bit larger sized businesses too, running a simple call center operation where you've got a handful of people taking calls that are coming in order, and you can monitor and see some analytics and things, that's also a very valuable feature. We know that these will be well received in the market, particularly, I think, with customers going forward. We will obviously offer this to our installed base, and we'll have to learn as we go with that. This allows us to expand our opportunity in our addressable market for Office. I do wanna emphasize too that, you know, the four features that we mentioned in our press release, and there are more than just that already, but there will be another half dozen features that come out over the next couple quarters, two or three of which I think are super exciting on top of what we've already done. There's more to come with Pro Plus, and you may recall with Office Pro, when we first launched it, we kinda got a certain rate, and then it started to blossom as we added more and more into the package. We expect that kind of development with Office Pro Plus too. Got it. That's helpful. Thank you. Maybe just a follow-up, if I could, on hiring, given the macro environment. Could you just talk about the impact of the tough hiring market on Ooma, but also for your customers and your partners, just given that focus on the SMB segment of the market? I know last quarter you mentioned that you didn't grow sales and marketing as much last year as you wished, so it's great to see that 50 new additions this quarter. How should we think about the plans and priorities for adding headcount growth going forward, for the remainder of the year? Thank you. Sure. Yeah. Hiring is tough, and it's particularly tough to find, you know, to find people who really wanna do the things we want to do 'cause it takes the kind of person who wants to hustle. You can do well with Ooma, but it's a demanding job. That said, we've got a great team. We're thrilled to see the growth go up by 50. I know not all those people will work out, and, you know, over the first two or three months, we'll see some attrition in that. We continue to hire, and I believe we're well on track now to what we want to achieve this year. Our plan for this year is by the end of the year to increase our sales and marketing team by about 100 people. That's what our plan was last year, and we didn't execute it. We've got some new things we're doing these days and new ways we're approaching the problem, and I'm pretty comfortable we'll bring those 100 people on board well before the end of the year. Got it. That's helpful color. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Mike Latimore with Northland Capital Markets. Your line is open. Thanks. Yeah. Nice quarter as well. Eric, you mentioned, you know, strong pipeline, really strong user adds in the quarter, and then this large customer ramping. I guess, does that give you confidence that you can kind of, you know, hit this goal of 20% business subscriber growth? Yes, it does. I know we didn't get there in Q1. I'm not sure we'll get there in Q2 either. In fact, probably more likely we won't with the guidance we've given you. There's a bit of a flow-through effect from Q3 and Q4, where, you know, if we had had more user adds in those quarters, they'd be piling up for us, or contributing, if you will, here in the first half of this year. Yes, with the things we have underway and the bounce back in user adds in Q1, I feel good about that metric for the year. Great. What was the catalyst to get your kind of large customer ramping this year? Oh, gosh. As we've talked in the past. A lot of them. Well, you know, it's when you're trying to bring on so many users, it's just a lot of work. We spent a lot of time last year developing tools and capabilities to bring these users over to Ooma as cost-effectively and as quickly as possible. We invested a lot last year, frankly, doing some additional things that we didn't anticipate we were gonna, you know, the customer would wanna do with us. The good news is those things are behind us now, and they apply to all of the user ramp ahead of us. I mean, they make the user ramp much more straightforward going forward. As we've discussed in the past, this customer can someday be over, you know, a six-figure number of users for us. Yeah We're really excited to be ramping in earnest now. Definitely. Lastly, did you have an ARPU growth number? I might have missed that, but Yeah, Mike. Yes. We have our latest blended ARPU was $13.71. Year-over-year growth on that was 8%. There we go. Great. All right. Thanks a lot. Thanks, Mike. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Matthew Harrigan with Benchmark. Your line is open. Thank you. Also delving into that ARPU number, can you talk about, I'm sure you won't give us the specifics, but just the relative momentum on the business side where you have a much broader product bouquet, and then on the consumer side, because clearly, you're just breaking out from where you were before, and that's very fundamental to valuation upside and financial upside. Secondly, could you talk about, you know, the health of the economic trends you're seeing on smaller businesses and the consumer? Are you seeing any signs of stress? I know you sometimes deliberately not marketed the consumer side as heavily as the business side, but do you think that you have, you know, capacity to grow that business faster if you were really, you know, choosing to apply your marketing wherewithal and dollars there? Thank you. Yeah. Maybe I take ARPU question first, Matt, and then I'll pass the consumer side impact to Eric. On the business, like I said, blended at $13.71, that was ARPU, and it was, again, another quarter of growth. If I think about the business, we also saw the growth. I know that in the investor deck we publish quarterly, we say over $24, but we're not too specific, but we saw another growth there, a strong growth there as well, and marching closer towards $25, in fact, within that $24 range. That's largely driven by the, again, strong uptake on the Pro Plus, excuse me, Pro, not Plus, but Plus yet. Pro uptake rate of 49% that we saw in a quarter, and that was, as I pointed out in my script, up from 44% last quarter. We see the nice trend, and now that 29% of all the office users subscribe to a, you know, premium tier and increasing, 24%, excuse me, increasing. That's really driving that trend. Hopefully the Pro Plus, as we see the trend on that over the next few quarters, hopefully that will continue to help the trend on the business. Residential, we also see the growth in residential ARPU. We saw over $9, but we saw growth quarter-over-quarter. I think the trend we're seeing there is that even before we see the ramp on T-Mobile users, we're seeing the overall trend where we're seeing more premium subscribers on the residential side. So that's helping the trend as well. I guess I'll pass it over to Eric for consumer. Sure. Thanks, Shig. Your second part of your question, small business health and opportunities with residential growth. We are not seeing any signs of weakness yet in terms of small business health. Small business is going well for us. We're, you know, if you look at our churn rates in Q1, they were down versus Q4 and marginally and really where we expect to see them. We're not seeing any negative signs from the economy or macro perspective on our growth. Now, there's potentially one reason for that, which is, we can offer a small business customer so much more and often save them money. Really our marketing and our growth depends our growth depends a lot on the amount we market and the amount of customers we touch. I think even in more difficult economic times, the fact that we can save customers money also is a real positive for us, in terms of, you know, our ability to drive our own business forward. On residential, we did better in Q1 than we have in the last few quarters in terms of the number of residential users. We declined a very small amount, probably about 1,000 users over, you know, on close to 800,000. It was a good quarter for residential users. As Shig mentioned, the trend towards more premium users means overall revenue from residential continues to grow and grow nicely. Can we grow residential faster? We certainly could. There's no doubt. We choose to portion our sales and marketing spends towards business growth, small business and enterprise. There's certainly opportunity on residential side too. You know, there's probably 50 million-60 million home landlines in North America and you know, we have you know, less than 1 million of them, so you can see the scope of opportunity. If copper lines go away at the residential level as well, that could open up more opportunities for customers to shop around. That's kinda how we see the macro environment today. I hope that answers your question. Well, thanks. Actually, if you don't mind, an earlier question on the AirDial supply chain. I'm sure you're not worrying about, you know, neon gas out of Ukraine or anything like that. But is there anything that specifically, China or geopolitically fraught that's giving you pause or it's just kinda ordinary dislocations and congestions in the supply chain that everyone's seeing right now? Thanks. No. Our challenge in AirDial is simple. There's, you know, quite a number of components and such that go onto the board for that unit, and there's always one or two that are particularly hard to get. We've been doing a good job of finding ways to get them. In some areas we've had to spend a little bit more, but we've also found we can pass those costs on in the price of the product. We haven't been too worried about that. We do have manufacturing, so to speak. We work with contract manufacturers, but we can build products today, both inside China and outside China. We are not dependent on building AirDial in China, at least not as we look forward. It's just a matter of building up a new supply chain for a new product and working with vendors, and that's coming along. Thanks, Eric. Thanks, Shig. Sure. Thank you. As a reminder, if you would like to ask a question at this time, please press star followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. We'll pause for just a moment to compile any remaining questions. There are currently no further questions at this time. I'll turn the call back to Ooma's CEO, Eric Stang, for any closing remarks. Awesome. Thanks everybody for joining us. It's nice to have a clean quarter, a good quarter, and be off to a good start for the year. You know, I look forward to seeing some of you perhaps at conferences this week and in a week or two's time, which we'll be at. Appreciate your time today. Thank you. Bye-bye. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for joining. You may now disconnect.