Good morning. My name is Carla.. will be your conference operator for today. Welcome to the second quarter PPG Earnings Conference Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speaker's remarks, there will be a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question during this time, simply press star followed by one on your telephone keypad. If you would like to withdraw your question, please press the pound key. To allow everyone an opportunity to ask a question, the company requests that each analyst asks only one question. Thank you. I would now like to turn the conference over to John Bruno, Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir. Thank you, Carla, and good morning, everyone. Once again, this is John Bruno, and we appreciate your continued interest in PPG and welcome you to our second quarter 2023 financial results conference call. Joining me on the call from PPG are Tim Knavish, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Vince Morales, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Our comments relate to the financial information released after U.S. equity markets closed on Thursday, July 20, 2023. We have posted detailed commentary and accompanying presentation slides on the Investor Center of our website, ppg.com. The slides are also available on the webcast site for this call and provide additional support to the opening comments Tim will make shortly. Following management's perspective on the company's results for the quarter, we will move to a Q&A session. Both the prepared commentary and discussion during this call may contain forward-looking statements reflecting the company's current view of future events and their potential effect on PPG's operating and financial performance. These statements involve uncertainties and risks which may cause actual results to differ. The company is under no obligation to provide subsequent updates to these forward-looking statements. The presentation also contains certain non-GAAP financial measures. The company has provided in the appendix of the presentation materials, which are available on our website, reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. For additional information, please refer to PPG's filings with the SEC. Now, let me introduce PPG President and CEO, Tim Knavish. Thank you, John Bruno. Good morning, everyone. Welcome to our second quarter 2023 earnings call. I would like to start by providing a few highlights on our second quarter record financial performance. Then I'll move to our outlook. The PPG team delivered all-time record financial results in the second quarter, including sales of $4.9 billion, adjusted earnings per diluted share from continuing operations of $2.25. Year-to-date cash generation of about $620 million. Our adjusted EPS is about 24% higher than the second quarter of 2022. Cash generation of $750 million higher year-over-year. These strong financial results were achieved despite operating in an environment of variable global economic demand. Industrial production was muted, reflecting cautious consumer buying behavior in Europe and slower than expected recovery in China and softening demand in certain end-use markets in the U.S. Overall, our results were supported by good growth trends in several of our technology advantage businesses and leading brands. PPG's strong positioning in these end-use markets led to record second quarter sales in five of our nine businesses: aerospace, automotive refinish, PPG Comex, and our protective and marine coatings business. We implemented incremental price increases in the first half of the year, primarily in the performance coating segment, and our aggregate two-year stack pricing for the company is now about 20%, which is offsetting historically high cost inflation. We expect selling prices to remain positive in the second half of 2023, recognizing prior year price increases will reach anniversaries as the year progresses. As I said at my CEO investor briefing in May, margin recovery is the top near-term priority, and we have made great progress this year in improving our segment margins toward our historical profile. Our aggregate segment margins in Q2 were about 16%, which is 330 basis points higher than the second quarter of 2022. This included the performance coating segment, delivering margins of near 18%, the highest since 2016. Another key priority for our team has been to return to our legacy of strong cash generation, and through the first half of the year, we delivered record operating cash generation of about $620 million. This was supported by our record net earnings, but we also lowered our inventory levels by about $100 million on a sequential quarterly basis. Despite this reduction, our raw material inventories remain elevated, and we are executing various action plans to further reduce these inventory levels over the next several quarters as commodity supply availability has improved significantly this year. I'd like to spend a few minutes on three key drivers that are contributing to our excellent financial results in 2023. While overall, global industrial production is challenging, including in a number of industrial end-use markets that are already in recessionary-type demand conditions. Our portfolio business mix is providing great resilience. Two of the best performing global industries in the second quarter were aerospace and auto OEM. We have established leading global positions in each of these end markets by facilitating our customer success through innovative and sustainably advantaged products and much relied upon services. We expect demand for our aerospace and auto OEM coatings products to remain robust as they are both still below 2019 demand levels. Two data points are international flights remain 10% below 2019 pandemic levels. Over the past several years, lower automotive OEM global builds have resulted in an estimated supply deficit of about 40 million cars versus historical build rates. The second key driver is that we continue to deliver strong earnings performance in Europe as we achieved consecutive quarterly earnings records despite lackluster regional industrial production activity and weak aggregate architectural demand. This has been accomplished by our team's strong execution of cost and margin management. When this region begins to recover to any degree, PPG will be well positioned for solid top line and additional bottom line growth. The third key driver is our strong positioning in Mexico, where current economic conditions remain robust, including expansive nearshoring-related growth, solid consumer wealth growth, and an appreciating local currency. We expect the nearshoring benefits to continue for a number of years, first with capital investment and then through increased regional employment. PPG remains the clear leader in Mexico for architectural and automotive OEM, and we have actions underway to capture further growth in our other businesses, where we will leverage our core strengths, including the best-in-class PPG Comex concessionaire distribution network. I'd also like to comment on our enterprise growth strategy. A key pillar of this strategy is to partner with our customers to deliver superior service and products with a focus on enhancing their productivity and sustainability. In the second quarter, we continued to make advancements and earn several new customer wins. I'm excited about the opportunities we have ahead of us to win more customer value-driven business and grow our organic sales. Now, some quick updates about our important ESG initiatives. As we communicated in our 2022 ESG report, we've introduced 2030 greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets that have now been validated according to climate science through the Science Based Targets initiative. We plan to reduce our Scope 1 and Scope 2 absolute greenhouse gas emissions by 50% by 2030, and our Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions by 30% within the same time frame. Moving to our outlook, we expect global industrial production to remain at lower levels in the third quarter, including similar demand activity in Europe, some further slowing in the U.S., and modest sequential improvement in China. We do expect certain pockets of industry activity to remain more resilient, including aerospace and automotive industries, where we are well-positioned on a global basis. We expect economic activity in Mexico to remain solid. In our architectural businesses, we expect demand conditions to be mixed by geography. In Europe, we anticipate demand will stabilize at current levels, resulting in year-over-year sales volume being much closer to the prior year. In the U.S., we anticipate DIY demand to remain at lower levels and pro contractor residential repaint activity to begin to modestly decline sequentially with the backdrop of lower existing home sales. In Mexico, we expect our PPG Comex business to continue to post solid organic growth. In the third quarter, we expect to realize additional benefits from moderating cost inputs. At the peak of our supply disruptions, we had more than 160 force majeures in our global supply chain. That is now about 10, which is in line with our historical norms. To date, we have not yet recognized the full financial benefit of our commodity supply chain normalizing. From a financial realization perspective, through the end of June, our input costs were still 20% higher than the pre-pandemic levels. As we further reduce our inventories, we will realize additional earnings benefit. We continue to work on our previously announced restructuring initiatives and expect an incremental $15 million year-over-year earnings benefit in the third quarter. Additionally, we will benefit from the recent paint films acquisition that we made in the second quarter. This business is uniquely positioned in the premium end of this new emerging market and has good customer pull and future growth prospects. Annual sales of this business are about $100 million. Despite the challenging environment, we have raised our full-year earnings guidance and expect third quarter aggregated segment margins will be higher on a year-over-year basis for the fourth consecutive quarter. I want to thank our team members around the world who support our customers, serve our communities, and continually look for ways to do better today than yesterday, every day. It is their dedication and commitment to helping make our customers successful that gives me continued confidence in our future. As we mark PPG's 140th anniversary in August, I firmly believe that our best days still remain ahead of us. Thank you for your continued confidence in PPG. This concludes our prepared remarks, and now would you please open the line for questions? At this time, I would like to remind everyone, in order to ask a question, please press star, then one on your telephone keypad. We'll pause for just a moment to compile the Q&A roster. Your first question comes from the line of Christopher Parkinson. Your line is now open. Great. Thank you so much. Can we perhaps, you know, dissect the outlook for industrial coatings segment margins a little bit, just based on what you're seeing for price calls for the second half of the year, and market mix, given the dichotomy of, you know, certain things moving in various directions for your 3Q outlook in your slide deck, comp accruals, just anything else you think is worthwhile discussing as you progress back towards prior peak? Thank you so much. Hey, Chris. Thanks. I'll let Vince answer the comp accruals, I'll take segment margins and outlook for some of the some of the businesses. You know, segment margins in industrial we're still on the recovery journey. We have continued segment- Your message after the tone. When you're done, press hash or just hang up. Carla, are we there? Hello? Carla, can you please open up the secondary line? Hey, guys, we can still hear you for what it's worth. Oh, okay. Thank you. Thanks, Chris. As I started to say, you know. All good. Segment margins in industrial certainly have more room to grow, and we expect that to continue, you know, both from the price cost standpoint. The other piece of recovery that is really not happened yet, that will continue to improve the segment margins on industrial are volume. Of course, right now, auto OEM is strong, but still below 2019. We've got some pockets of weakness in industrial and certainly pockets of weakness in packaging. We will get segment margins as those volumes stabilize. The other thing is the operational challenge that we mentioned at our May event have largely been in the industrial segment. As we make progress on those initiatives, those two pieces will add to the improvements that will be realized from the continuing price versus cost recovery. End markets, to your question, for the industrial segment, you know, automotive has been very resilient, sometimes surprisingly so, despite everything that's happening in the world with interest rates and inflation and affordability. All of our major regions for automotive were up double digits for Q2, and we expect continued strong recovery as we move forward here. We'll be lapping a stronger Q3 for auto based on China, which had a strong Q3 last year. Overall, we'll continue to see good volume recovery in auto frankly. If you want to listen back to it, press two. Re-record it, just press three. If you've decided you don't want to leave a message, press four. To change the confidentiality setting, press five. To leave this message and end the call, you can just hang up. We expect that recovery to continue for years to come. You know, powder is a mix... I'm sorry. What would you like to do? To leave this message, press one. If you want to listen back to it, press two. Re-record it, just press three. If you've decided you don't want to leave a message, press four. To change the confidentiality setting, press five. Hi, everyone. Apologies, we have some issues with the phone lines. Bear with us a second while we gain reconnection with the speaker lines. Hi, all. We now have Apologies. -with our speaker line. Please continue. Apologies, everybody, we're trying to sort through these issues. We'll continue the call right now. Okay, Chris, I'm back. You know, the positive of technical difficulties, we've had a long time to think about your question. Already answered the segment margin piece, and then from a segment volume and sales and outlook standpoint, auto, we expect to continue to be strong. Q3 comp issue with China, but that'll be the whole auto build recovery will continue for, you know, beyond 2023 and into 2024. Industrial is very mixed. Certain segments are doing well. I'll point to powder, for example, where we were up solid double digits, which, as you know from our May event, is very important to our growth strategy. Sub-segments that are closer to the consumer, electronic materials, appliance, and, you know, even COEX for construction, are soft. We do expect that to continue to be a mixed bag. Packaging has been weak with both destocking, but also end customer demand, given what's happened from an inflation standpoint. Very much a mixed bag, but overall, the summary would be, we are expecting industrial segment margins to continue to improve. We'll move to the next question, Carla. Your next question comes from the line of Ghansham Panjabi. Your line is now open. Okay. Hey, guys. Good morning. Can you hear me? Yes, Ghansham. Okay, terrific. I guess, you know, just given all the moving parts on a macro basis, and just kind of building on your last few comments, Tim, can you just give us a sense as to how your volume outlook for 2023 has changed since the last time you reported? Which of the businesses are seeing the greatest variability relative to your previous view? Then separately, apart from packaging, are there still any businesses being impacted by inventory destocking in any material way? I'll answer your last question first, not really, Ghansham. Destocking is pretty much behind us. You know, even on the industrial side, they don't carry a lot of inventory anyways. It's pretty much just in time. Then on our performance side, any destocking that's occurred is largely behind us. You know, what we see outlook-wise across the company, you know, the things that have changed a bit is, you know, the recovery in China, slower than what we had anticipated, and we're expecting continued improvement in China industrial activity, albeit at a more measured pace going forward. Sequentially improving, but not as much of a V shape as what we had previously projected. Architectural Europe, I'd say the other one that was lower volume than what we expected in Q2, but a lot of that was driven by kind of one-off social and political events in France, which is one of our largest markets in Europe. We do believe architectural Europe, I would call it, bouncing off the bottom, and will start lapping weak comps from last year. In the US, architecture, the DIY, not just US, around the world, continues to be soft. You know, overall, we still got more than half of our portfolio that's very resilient, and I would say, has positive outlooks. Auto was stronger than we anticipated. Refinish was stronger than we anticipated. Aero was stronger than we anticipated. PMC was stronger than we anticipated. Mexico continues to just shoot lights out. A lot of positives there. Those are the ones that were a little different than what we had previously thought in our, in our guide. Your next question comes from the line of Josh Spector. Please go ahead. Yeah, hi. Thanks for taking my question, congrats on a solid second quarter here. I just wanted to ask some questions on your 3Q assumptions. Specifically, SG&A, as percent of sales and gross margins. I guess my math indicates that mid-point year guide, the gross margins are maybe 40% or lower. You just printed about 41% in the second quarter and similarly in the first quarter. You know, what would drive gross margins to go down, especially when you're expecting some raw material benefit? Can you just walk through some of the moving pieces in your assumptions there? Thanks. Yeah, Josh, this is Vince. On SG&A, let me take that one first. We did have a little bit of a higher SG&A in Q2 than in the prior year. Really, a couple of elements to that. We talked about, you know, higher performance-based incentive comp, including total shareholder return compensation. We did have, as we communicated in Q1, higher non-cash pension expense for the balance, you know, for all of 2023. That falls in the SG&A bucket on a year-over-year basis. You could see that. Just a reminder, a lot of our China business was shut down in Q2 of 2022, and some of this increased sales creates increased SG&A. Those three elements pushed our SG&A cost up year-over-year. The incentive comp item was a catch-up for both Q1 and Q2. Again, that's the SG&A component. On the gross profit percent, we did, as you pointed out, you know, we're averaging about 41% year to date. Q3 typically is a lower volume quarter for us, so we don't have as much operational pull-through as we would on a higher volume quarter, specifically in Europe. That's really the only delta I would point to. We do expect, as we said in our prepared remarks, in higher or improved deflation capture, again, the lower volumes are going to affect our manufacturing efficiency. Your next question comes from the line of David Begleiter. Your line is now open. Thank you. Good morning. Tim and Vince, you mentioned the weakness, potential weakness in pro. Where are the backlogs today, and are you actually seeing that weakness yet to come to fruition? Hey, David, thanks for the question. I would describe the weakness in pro to be, you know, sequentially down a bit, but not a tremendous amount. You know, a lot of that pro work is commercial and maintenance that, you know, still remains pretty resilient. We have seen some reduction in backlog. Honestly, you know, the painters are still, in some cases, having difficulty getting labor. You know, there are cases where, you know, they're passing on jobs because of that. While we've seen DIY down fairly significantly, I would just say we're seeing a just a bit of softness in the pro backlogs. Your next question comes from the line of Jeffrey Zekauskas. Your line is now open. Thanks very much. Two-part question. Can you talk about the state of the Chinese TiO2 industry, and that there's enormous expense? Can you use that product in China and in other regions or China chloride-based material? Is it the case that tariffs are just too high to use it in the United States? Secondly, in your script, you say that 80% of your inventories are on FIFO. I thought most of your inventories in the United States were on LIFO. Does that mean that the inventory adjustments that you really need to make are in the offshore markets, and your inventory control is pretty good in the U.S., and it's tougher abroad? Yeah, Jeff, this is Vince. We had a little break up on your question, but I think you asked about TIO2 oversupply in China. We are able to take Chinese TIO2 and have been for quite some time, utilizing that certainly in Europe, certainly in Latin America, South America, obviously in Asia. There are tariffs that make it less cost-effective today to do so in the U.S. We are fully utilizing our capabilities to move that TIO2 to other markets or other regions of the world outside of Asia and capitalizing on those lower prices. Jeff, this is John. I'll take the FIFO question. For first, start with the sales, we have our profile in the U.S., we're now about 35% sales in the U.S. In the past 5, 6 years, as we've made acquisitions in the U.S., the companies we've acquired have been on FIFO, so we have not moved them to the LIFO accounting. Over time, the percentage of inventory that we have on the FIFO method has just incrementally increased due to those factors. To just, add on there. The next question-. Go ahead, Carla. Sorry. Just, I apologize. My apologies. Just to add on, we, as John mentioned, we do have excess inventory, specifically in raw materials. If you look at our inventory historically, we've trimmed about 50% of the excess raw material inventory that we came into the year with in the first six months. We'll be working the balance of the year to trim the other portion to get back to our historical level. Your next question comes from the line of Steven Vievan. Your line is now open. Yeah, thank you. If I understood you correctly, Tim, you talked about raws, and I believe it was in COGS, still being 20% above pre-pandemic. Vince, you're still sitting on excess inventory of raws. My question would be: For raws purchased- ... today, what would be the cost relative to pre-pandemic, and how long do you think that it'll take for that to flow through COGS? Yeah, Steven, I'll take the first stab at that, and Tim will add some color here. What we're seeing today on invoice cost, as we said last quarter, invoice to invoice year-over-year, you know, mid to high single-digit, and maybe in some cases, low double-digit deflation on certain raw materials. I would remind everybody, these raw materials went up 20%, 30%, 40%, when you do it on a multi-year stack, we're still much higher. We're seeing on a year-over-year basis, on invoices, mid to high single- to low double-digit declines that typically would flow through in 30-60 days or even 90, depending on the raw material. Again, that's extended right now. Bottom line, Steve, when you combine that with the, you know, additional $100 million or so of inventory that we've got to work through that we're sitting on now, you've got, you know, sequentially, more, raw material deflation combined with that additional inventory flow-through. That's why I'm so confident that our margin recovery journey, will continue. Your next question comes from John McNulty. Your line is now open. Yeah, thanks for taking my question. Tim, in your prepared remarks, you spoke to pricing continuing through the second half of the year. I guess, just because the comps are kind of pretty dramatic year-over-year, I guess, can you help us to think about whether you're going to see pricing sequentially from 2Q to 3Q, and how we should be thinking about that? Most of what we're going to see, John, is a carryover impact. There'll be some targeted pricing that we do in performance coatings, but a lot of what you'll see going forward here for the remainder of 2023 will be carryover. To your point, we are lapping some strong price quarters from last year. If you look at, you know, we printed 8% for Q1, 6% for Q2, so you'll probably see low single digit pricing printed in Q3. Still a little early to tell in Q4. We're confident it'll be positive, but we'll see what happens and what other actions we might need to take. Just tag along here. We still expect that at the price, the raw material delta to expand, as we talked about the prior question, which is we expect to realize more deflation as we pull down our inventories. The other thing, I mean, the pricing has been holding up very nicely. Proud of how our teams are executing to that regard. you know, our price story, someone earlier asked about what's different in our guide versus earlier. Our price story is stronger than what our prior guides were. Your next question comes from the line of Vincent Andrews. Your line is now open. Thank you, and good morning, everyone. Just a question on the wage inflation. Today, is it going to remain elevated for the next few quarters? Is that just you're have to lap the flow-through of some wage increases from prior quarters, or is there more going in? If you can size it a little bit, just to help us understand how much of a headwind that is versus the raw materials benefits that you're getting. Yeah, Vincent, we do have, you know, no surprise, higher than normal wage inflation. I'd say in the mature markets average, you could call that about 3%, but higher than that on, you know, frontline workers, like store workers. 3% would be a good average. Emerging markets, higher than that. From a raw material inflation standpoint, we're still at that, you know, 20%-ish number versus pre-pandemic, we're expecting Q3 to see, you know, mid to high single digits down. We expect the combination of those two to still keep us at elevated cost versus pre-pandemic, improving sequentially as we move through the rest of the year. As we look at the trend lines, we're not seeing the trends and change in terms of increase or decrease of wages. We provided our merit process or our wage increase process earlier in the year, and we typically would do that once a year for most of our employees. That trend should hold for the balance of the year. Your next question comes from the line of Duffy Fischer. Your line is now open. Yeah, good morning, guys. Just a question around the EPS and the guide for Q3 and the implied for Q4. In Q1 and Q2, your year-over-year number was up $0.45 and $0.44. The guide midpoint for Q3 and then the implied for Q4 is up $0.24 and $0.19 year-on-year. With raw material deflation accelerating for you guys and price still up in the back half, as you were commenting, why would the year-over-year EPS improvement decline in the back half versus the first half? Hey, Duffy, the biggest driver to that would just be the quarter-over-quarter price actions. You know, most of the larger price increases for us started to kick in, like, Q3 of last year. As we lap those and less new pricing, if you will, adding to the top, that's really the biggest difference. Your next question comes from the line of Patrick Cunningham. Your line is now open. Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking my question. Increasing interest rates and are clearly showing up in existing home sales, and you cited softness and, you know, resi repaint. I wanna talk a little bit about non-resi. You know, while it appears to be strong or maybe hanging in there, you know, how should we think about the risk to commercial volumes in the back half and in 2024, given the higher interest rate environment and, you know, starting to see some deceleration in commercial construction and remodeling indices? I'd say, in the short term, that's not, and frankly, for the rest of 2023, not something we're particularly concerned about because there was such a backlog in those areas. If you think about the really bifurcation of painting activity that happened during COVID, you had a tremendous amount of resi painting happening, but you had virtually no commercial and maintenance painting happening. There's still a tremendous amount of pent-up demand in that in that space. Now, eventually, you know, we'll see what happens with interest rates and macros in the longer term, but that's. We're just not seeing that right now being a major concern for us. Your next question comes from the line of Michael Leithead. Your line is now open. Great. Thanks. Good morning, guys. Just one question from me on Traffic Solutions. I think you expected sales to be up high single digits in 2Q, and they were down low single digits. Just can you talk through what drove the delta versus what you thought may fall? Yeah, so part of it was comp-related. We had a really strong Q2, Q3 last year in that business. Secondly, you know, it's still a new business for us, and we're still learning the market a bit. This is an area where we did see some, I'd say, temporary shift in paint volumes as, you know, as activities picked up. We expect to get that back as we move forward through the rest of the year and certainly into next year. You know, we have been focused very heavily on margin over volume in that business, and the team's done a great job there. The last thing I'll say to that is, while the volumes did come in, a bit lower than we expected for the quarter, this business is generating good cash for us, really good cash, and a big, good contributor to the, to the enterprise from that standpoint. Your next question comes from the line of Frank Mitsch. Your line is now open. Good morning, and nice results. You know, obviously, you guys generated some strong cash flow in the first half of the year. Begs the question on the use of cash. Debt paydown is part of it, but how do you think about buybacks versus M&A? I know, Tim, you've talked about right property, right price, right time. Is this the right time? Are you seeing the right price? Any thoughts there would be greatly appreciated. Yeah, thanks, Frank. You know, proud of the team. Great, great second quarter and getting back to one of our strong legacies of just really strong cash generation. As you noted, our number one priority was to pay down some debt. We said earlier this year, we would pay somewhere between $500 million and $600 million down. We paid about $200 million of that down so far this year, we've got a bit more of that to do. I'll tell you, we're gonna have a really good cash year. We're gonna have a really good cash year, which gives us a lot of optionality. Probably not a time to talk about specific actions on the M&A side, but that's clearly remains a priority for us, and we are seeing, you know, properties come across our desks there. Bottom line, we're gonna have a really good cash generation year. We're gonna pay down some more debt, and then we're gonna make decisions on how best to use that cash to deliver shareholder value based on what we see at the time. Just to reiterate what we said, in May, in New York, you know, after we pay down this debt, we're not gonna let, you know, cash grow on the balance sheet. Your next question comes from the line of Aleksey Yefremov. Your line is now open. Thanks. Good morning, everyone. We've recently seen somewhat better data on new residential construction in the U.S. What do you see in your business in this market? Have your expectations here improved at all in the last three months? Separately, are you seeing any meaningful pickup in the U.S. infrastructure spending? On the new build, we, you know, we are starting to see a little bit better activity there on new home construction. We've said in prior calls, it's a fairly small part of our overall business, but, and, you know, it's not zero, and we've had a couple of nice wins recently with some new home builders. Bottom line, any additional walls that get painted in the U.S., Mexico, Europe, Australia, is good for us. That's upside to us. That would be the first one. The second part of your question? Infrastructure. Infrastructure. Oh, thank you, John. It was about U.S. infrastructure. Infrastructure. Right, thank you. Thank you. U.S. infrastructure, we are starting to see, I would call it upstream project activity, and we're very active in the specification side of ensuring that our products are well specified, whether it's traffic, or protective coatings, or architectural coatings, or industrial coatings. Typically, paint and coatings are late stage in those projects, sometimes last stage in those projects. This is more of a, you know, 2024 and beyond growth opportunity for us, but we're certainly seeing that upstream activity happening now. We're excited about it, and we're very active with it. If I could add, it's not a U.S. comment, but it's a Mexico comment. You know, we are seeing a significant amount of nearshoring occur in Mexico. Several hundreds of building permits for manufacturing facilities have been requested. Those will yield benefits for us certainly in 2024 and 2025, as that manufacturing is put in place. Then, as Tim mentioned earlier, we have a full-fledged array of PPG businesses in Mexico to facilitate further painting once that industrial activity picks up, as well as our strong Comex brand. Yeah, just to put some metrics around that Mexico nearshoring. In Q1 of this year, there's about $48 billion of nearshoring investments in Mexico. That's 3x, three times Q1 of 2022. We are really seeing that pick up, and we're involved in the specification side of that business as well. Your next question comes from the line of Mike Harrison. Your line is now open. Hi, good morning. Wanted to ask about auto OEM and the price realization that you're seeing there. Is there more still to come on pricing in auto OEM? Are there any instances where you're starting to see some customer pushback related to raw material declines, either in auto OEM or any other subsegments? Yeah, Mike Harrison, this is Vince Morales. Let me start, and then I'm sure Tim Knavish will add some color here. You know, it's taken us a while, as it typically does during an inflation cycle, to negotiate with our customers, get paid for the value we provide. We had a lag on the way up in terms of the inflation versus price to our OEM customers. We're in a steady state environment now. We're not seeing any pushback. We're still trying to capture you know, as the volume grows, we're still trying to capture our margins back in that business. But we're not seeing any pushback at this point from the customers. Again, that's a traditional lag effect that we would see in any inflation cycle. To your broader question about other segments, I would say normal market dynamics, nothing significant, nothing material. There's been some, you know, some intense competitive pressure just around the edges, but at the core, we haven't really seen anything that was unexpected or out of the normal. Your next question comes from John Roberts. Your line is open. Thank you. Refinish organic sales were up mid-single digit. I don't know what pricing was up, but the performance segment was up 6%. Were refinish volumes globally flat? When you talk about it being better than expected, was price better than expected, or was volume better than expected? Yeah. Hey, John. Volume was positive here in the U.S., which of course, is our most, our largest and most critical market, and that was better than we expected. Volume in Europe, I would say, was worse than we expected. Volume down there a bit more than we thought. Then volume in China, you know, a little bit muted because of the slower recovery, but we see that sequentially improving as time goes on. Overall, great quarter for that business. Bullish on particularly the U.S. side, and we're watching closely what happens on the Europe side. The Europe side, we, you know, we talked about a destock earlier in the call here, and we think in Q2, there was some destocking with certain refinished customers. We think that's concluded by the end of Q2. Again, as we get to the back half of the year, we would expect the demand and the volumes to be more in sync. Your next question comes from the line of Michael Sison. Your line is now open. Hey, guys. Nice quarter. In terms of the half of your portfolio that's in decline or weak, ... Do you Do you think those markets are bottoming or potentially bottom here in the third quarter? You know, when I take a look at your volume outlook, third quarter seems to be down year-over-year again, and I just wanted your thoughts on the fourth and how you see that sort of unfolding. Yeah. I'll take a few of the markets, that were lower volume than what we expected for Q2, and how we're thinking about them going forward. First one, Architectural Europe was, you know, that was clearly down more than we expected, but some of that isolated to France, as I mentioned earlier. I do expect that to start comping pretty close, maybe even a little upside from where we were at Q3 of last year. I've used the term bouncing off the bottom. I do believe that Europe Architectural is bouncing off the bottom and maybe a little bit of upside there. The China recovery, slower than we expected in Q2, no doubt, but the way we're thinking about that is, that just stretches out the recovery. Positive. Any stimulus that the government does in the industrial space will be a real positive for PPG, and we do expect China to sequentially improve. Those would be the two, the two main ones I would point out as far as what we saw in Q2 and potentially improving in Q3 and beyond. Mike, I think there is a comparable year-over-year comparable issue as you look at volume. We do have improving volumes, as Tim mentioned, in China sequentially in Q3, but that was compared to a recovery from COVID shutdown last year, Q3. Again, when you look at, you mentioned year-over-year volume challenges, that's. Again, China's improving, as we look Q2 to Q3, but it's against a tough comp. Your next question comes from the line of Kevin McCarthy. Your line is now open. Yes, good. Thank you. Good morning. Tim, a two-part question for you on auto OEM volumes. First, could you speak to the outlook for the back half of the year? If some of the consultants are to be believed, it looks like there's quite divergent trends in Asia versus Europe, for example. Curious to understand what you're baking in there. Then longer term, you referenced this supply deficit of 40 million units. Is the implication that that is the amount that needs to be recovered over some period of time? How do you view the medium to longer term outlook for global production? Hey, Kevin, this is Vince. I'll start, I'll let Tim add here. Just a reminder, again, that just the same question we had the last question. China had a recovery in Q3 last year in auto production. Again, the numbers, when you look on a year-over-year basis, are a bit skewed. Go ahead, Tim. Yeah. Kevin, we're bullish on auto despite some of the kind of affordability and interest rate questions, and here's why. We continue to be positively surprised by performance in Europe, for example, where, you know, macros are worse than anywhere, and yet the builds and sales remain resilient. You know, the SAAR, when everybody was predicting that would drop, came in at a nice number of 15.8, which was a positive surprise, but still well below historical levels. You know, we're seeing really good numbers out of China, double-digit builds in China, growth, Q2. As Vince mentioned, we have a little weird comp situation here in Q3, but we do expect that to recover. We're bullish on auto. We are bullish on auto for both the short term and medium term. Now, the 40, the $40 million is just straight math. It's you take the 6-year average before COVID of annual builds, and you take what happened during COVID, and you come up with that $40 million deficit. I have no idea how long it's gonna take to make up that deficit and how spread out that will be, but it's not gonna be zero. That deficit will need to be made up because in many countries, you still have population growth. In many countries, you still have cars per capita or cars per household being much lower than the developed world. You've still got aging fleets. you know, mature parts of the world, U.S., Europe, the average car on the road is, like, 11 or 12 years old. The fundamentals say, at some point, some significant part of that $40 million deficit needs to be made up. It's a question of how stretched out that will be. Your next question comes from the line of Aron Ceccarelli. Your line is now open. Hi, guys. Thanks for the question. I have one on segment margins. Your segment margins expanded 330 basis points in Q2, and they were expanded 370 in Q1. I understand we are past the peak in terms of pricing initiatives, but we start to see in really the widening gap of raw materials going down, and some of the volumes we are talking in the wick markets are bottoming. What could prevent margins in Q2 and Q3 to expand, to accelerate in terms of expansion again? Yeah, I think we talked about this a little earlier in the call. We do expect, again, an incremental deflation to flow through to our P&L. We're starting to lap some pricing. We do, especially in the industrial businesses, you know, we do see volume as the biggest catalyst in the back half of the year or in 2024, to help improve the margins, as well as Tim mentioned earlier, manufacturing, PPG manufacturing, as a key element, and we laid that out in our May New York meeting. Those would be the four key elements that I would point to that would impact our margins in the back half of the year. The next question comes from the line of Laurence Alexander. Your line is now open. Good morning. Just a quick one. What's the net drag for earnings and margins from the destocking you're doing this year? Just trying to think about kind of how that translates into the bridge for next year. Interesting question, Laurence. I'm doing the math in my head as we speak, you know, again, what we're seeing is, it's called mid to high single digit deflation on our invoices. We're realizing mid single digit inflation through our P&L. I'm gonna guess that that's, you know, $0.05-$0.10 a quarter. Looking at John here to make sure my math's proper, that would be the delay that's not coming through on a real-time basis into our P&L. Your next question comes from the line of Arun Viswanathan. Your line is now open. Great. Thanks for taking my question. Just wanted to understand kind of the volume outlook overall. It sounds like, you know, obviously, auto, aerospace and automotive OEM volumes have been trending positively, and you expect that to continue. Now you're calling out some weakness in packaging and some of the other markets. Is there a path to, you know, maybe overall positive volumes by the first half of next year, given some easier comps in some of these industrial businesses and maybe a persistence of volume growth in auto and aerospace? How are you thinking about how kind of volume growth overall, trends for the next couple periods? Thanks. Yeah, Arun, a great question, and one we talk about a lot, and I'll first qualify it by saying, it's still pretty early, given all the macro stuff that's happening around the world, to really nail in our 2024 volume assumptions. I will tell you that I'm optimistic based on a few things. We've talked a lot about auto and aerospace and Mexico, and refinish, and we fully expect those businesses to continue to perform. In addition to that, I've talked about a few businesses that we think are bouncing off the bottom, and they're not small businesses for us. You know, eventually, bouncing off the bottom will turn to positive. China. China, we have a really strong presence in China. China ramp up and recovery has been slower than expected, but if you think about that for 2024, that's a positive, particularly with any government stimulus. The last one I would point out is Europe, and while Europe volume has been very muted, for the first half of the year, we still printed all-time record earnings in Q1, all-time record earnings in Q2. The team has done a great job of positioning from a, both a margin and a cost-based standpoint. Any incremental uptick in volume across any of those businesses in Europe, will be a real positive for us. Still a little early. We'll talk more about that in the next earnings call, but there are a lot of indicators that could point to positive volume for us for 2024. There are no further questions at this time. I turn the call back over to John Bruno. Thank you, Carla. This ends our second quarter earnings call. We appreciate everybody's interest and confidence in PPG. Have a good day. This concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect.