At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, we will conduct a question-and-answer session. If you would like to ask a question during this time, press star, then the number one on your telephone keypad. To withdraw your question, press star, then the number two. If you're using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the numbers. Please limit your questions to one question and one follow-up. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded April 28th, 2021. The playback number for today's call is 877-660-6853. International callers, please dial 201-612-7415. The playback reservation number is 137-18356. I would now like to turn the call over to Mauricio Lopez-Hodoyan, Vice President of Investor Relations. Mr. Lopez-Hodoyan, please go ahead. Thank you, good afternoon, everyone. Today's call will include prepared remarks by Steve Mollenkopf, Cristiano Amon, and Akash Palkhiwala. In addition, Alex Rogers and Don Rosenberg will join the question-and-answer session. You can access our earnings release and the slide presentation that accompany this call on our investor relations website. In addition, this call is being webcast on qualcomm.com, and a replay will be available on our website later today. During the call, we will use non-GAAP financial measures as defined in Regulation G, and you can find the related reconciliations to GAAP on our website. We will also make forward-looking statements, including projections and estimates of future events, business or industry trends, or business or financial results. Actual events or results could differ materially from those projected in our forward-looking statements. Please refer to our SEC filings, including our most recent Form 10-K, which contain important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Now to comments from Qualcomm's Chief Executive Officer, Steve Mollenkopf. Thank you, Mauricio, and good afternoon, everyone. Thanks for joining us today. When we reported Q2 just one year ago, we were in the early stages of the pandemic. Much has happened since then, including many things that will define our future well beyond this past year. One of the undeniable things we have experienced, and at an accelerated pace, is the importance and reliance global citizens have on robust connectivity and the need for low-power, high-performance devices. This has reinforced and amplified our mission. Sitting here in San Diego today, we are optimistic about what we see on the horizon. While the pandemic impacted nearly everyone at the same time last year, the experience today is very different depending on where you are in the world. In particular, I want to acknowledge our employees, customers, and partners in India. You and your families are in our thoughts, and we are here to support you through this very challenging time. Of the many things that have impressed me during my 26-year career at Qualcomm, at the top of the list is how our company mobilized in the past year, leading to strong results like we reported today. Our fiscal second quarter non-GAAP earnings of $1.90 per share exceeded the high end of our guidance, driven by higher licensing revenues and such performance in our chipset business, representing non-GAAP revenue and EPS year-over-year growth of 52% and 116%, respectively. Despite the backdrop of a challenging environment, these results and our guidance reflect the strength of the company and the importance of our technologies, not only to the mobile industry, but across many industries. Several years ago, we put in place a strategy to lead in 5G, which today is delivering results beyond our expectations. Even this fiscal year, with all the unusual challenges, we are on track to deliver results better than what we expected when we started the fiscal year. As exciting as our current performance is, I cannot underestimate the long-term opportunity for Qualcomm and how well-positioned the company is, where we have a unique opportunity to exceed our success in handsets as industries adopt the wireless roadmap. This enviable position is what I find most rewarding when looking back over the past seven years. Undeniably, over my tenure as CEO, I dealt with and overcame unprecedented challenges, which I always put in perspective. Our mission and singular focus of inventing breakthrough technologies, transforming how the world connects, computes, and communicates, is important and hard to do. Our challenges tightened our focus on this mission, and at the core, innovation was always the solution. As a result, Qualcomm enters the 5G era with our whole company stronger and more resilient. Most importantly, we never lost focus on the impact and opportunity digitization will bring to our customers, partners, governments, and consumers worldwide as a result of our collective efforts. Speaking as a soon-to-be former CEO, I believe there is virtually no limit on where Cristiano can lead Qualcomm, the industries he can enter, and the role the company can play in the global ecosystem. I am very excited to watch this play out. To all our employees, I thank you for your tireless devotion and commitment to our strong culture and core values. I know it is very exciting for everyone at Qualcomm to witness how our inventions change the lives of billions of people around the world as we know they will. Thank you. I will now turn the call over to Cristiano. Thank you, Steve. Good afternoon, everyone. Thanks for joining us today. The quarter and guide reflect the great execution across the company in a very challenging environment and reinforces the significance of our technologies. Our Snapdragon premium and high-tier products, along with our modem to antenna RF front-end, are the foundation of our 5G handset strategy now and into the future. The expansion of our addressable market in these smartphone tiers has positioned the Snapdragon 800 tier as synonymous with Android flagship mobile experiences. We continue to be the mobile technology platform of choice for these tiers, and this is reflected both in our product performance as well as our traction with leading smartphones OEMs such as Samsung, Xiaomi, OPPO, vivo, and now HONOR. Our latest generation Snapdragon 888 5G mobile platform has now more than 40 devices shipped or announced globally, and we expect to see more than double this number come to market in the coming months from future product announcements. Our highly differentiated position in premium and high tiers, our modem to antenna leadership, and the continued transition of Huawei volume to OEMs using our solutions, have positioned us to grow faster in smartphones while being able to capture the most significant portion of the revenue opportunity. In RF front-end, we continue to see broad and growing adoption of our solutions. 5G leading performance at the component and system level, ease of design, and global reach continue to be key differentiators of our modem to antenna solutions. As a reminder, virtually all of our 5G design wins continue to be powered by our RF front-end solutions, whether they support 4G, 5G Sub-6, or 5G mmWave. Beyond smartphones, we're extending our RF front-end solutions in automotive, PCs, mobile hotspots, fixed wireless access in the broad IoT category. Of note, given our design win pipeline and revenue run rates, we are on track to exceed our Analyst Day RF front-end revenue target of $3.6 billion by fiscal year 2022, with 5G Sub-6 and 4G representing the majority of our RF front-end revenues. Additionally, as 5G mmWave technology expands into other geographies, we expect significant expansion of our opportunity due to increased silicon content and value. At Mobile World Congress Shanghai in China and in collaboration with China Unicom, ZTE, and the GSMA, we worked with 39 Chinese industry-leading companies to showcase the high performance and rich applications on a live 5G mmWave network. This level of collaboration underscores the significant attention to mmWave in China and the opportunity ahead beginning in 2022. In automotive, we're growing across telematics, C-V2X, digital cockpit, ADAS, and autonomy, and we're also well-positioned for upcoming general computing and car-to-cloud platforms. We expect to lead in the segments as cloud-connected business models evolve and electrification of the car accelerates. As the Digital Chassis become one of the most important assets of automakers, we are becoming a leading technology partner for the automotive industry with capabilities across all these domains. Our automotive design win pipeline is up over $1 billion since the end of fiscal 2020 to approximately $9 billion today. Along with auto, IoT is becoming a significant growth engine with better-than-anticipated performance across all categories, namely consumer, networking, and industrial. We achieve our second consecutive quarter of over $1 billion in revenue. Trends such as the enterprise transformation of the home, expansion of broadband, the convergence of personal computing with mobile, the intersection of physical and virtual spaces, and the ongoing digital transformation across many verticals are driving growth in one of the largest SAM expansion opportunities for us. In consumer, as the industry redefines personal computing, we're confident about our growth in Android, Chrome OS, and Windows on Snapdragon, where we expect new products with leading NUVIA CPUs by the end of the next calendar year. We're also seeing our early investments in XR platforms reaching scale. In the growing category of wearables, we believe Snapdragon Sound and Snapdragon Wear will become the leading technology solutions within the Android ecosystem. In networking, we are a leader in Wi-Fi access points and 5G broadband. We're benefiting from the global connectivity required for remote work, school, and play, and the migration to Wi-Fi 6 and mesh technologies. Our 5G fixed wireless access solutions are seeing broad adoption globally. Going forward, we also have an opportunity to expand into upcoming private 5G networks and public Open RAN. In industrial, we have seen continued adoption of our technologies across the broad industry segments. Key growth areas, to name a few, include smart energy, tracking, metering, industrial handhelds, retail, automation, and autonomous drones. As connected IoT edge devices get scale and provide access to the data and contextual information that is fueling the exponential growth projections of cloud ecosystems, we're increasingly confident in the long-term growth opportunity for our IoT business. Turning to our licensing business, our second quarter results reflect the strength of our unmatched patent portfolio value. We are the global 5G IP leader with more than 130 5G license agreements signed to date, up from over 120 last quarter, with all major handset manufacturers around the globe licensed. We continue to develop and patent new essential innovations for future releases of 5G, which we expect to have a longer life cycle than prior generations due to its impact on multiple industries. We believe that our model of early research and development, consistent standards leadership, flexible licensing, and global implementation support will continue to add value to our partners and stockholders for years to come. Overall, we continue to see unprecedented demand across all of our technologies and businesses as the current environment is accelerating the scale of connectivity and processing at the edge. Despite the industry-wide semiconductor supply shortage, we're utilizing our scale and working across our entire global supply chain to maximize our ability to capture this opportunity. We expect material improvements by the end of the calendar year due to planned capacity builds and multi-sourcing initiatives. As one of the leading drivers of advanced semiconductor technology platforms, we're also excited to see more foundry investment in the U.S. consistent with the U.S. government's strategic priorities. Finally, we're extremely proud of our collaboration with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory on Ingenuity, the Mars helicopter powered by Snapdragon. Snapdragon made it to Mars and helped power the first-ever autonomous flight on another planet. This is yet another example of our ingenuity. I would now like to turn the call over to Akash. Thank you, Cristiano, good afternoon, everyone. We are pleased to report strong second quarter results with non-GAAP revenues of $7.9 billion and non-GAAP EPS of $1.90, which was $0.15 above the high end of our guidance range. These results reflect year-over-year increases of 52% and 116% in revenue and EPS, respectively, driven by strength across QTL and QCT. In QTL, we recorded revenues of $1.6 billion and EBT margins of 74%, both above the high end of our guidance range. The outperformance was primarily driven by stronger handset shipments, especially in China. In addition, our results include a benefit of approximately $80 million from adjustments to prior quarter royalty estimates. In QCT, we delivered revenues of $6.3 billion and EBT of $1.6 billion. On a year-over-year basis, revenues were up 53%, while EBT grew 137%, delivering on our commitment to increase operating leverage. We achieved the high end of our guidance range with EBT margins of 25%. This reflects our strong operating performance, driven by favorable product mix and gross margins, which more more than offset a reduction in the orders within the quarter by a global handset OEM. RF front-end revenues increased 39% year-over-year to approximately $900 million on the strength of our product portfolio across 4G, 5G Sub-6, and 5G millimeter wave. 5G millimeter wave products accounted for less than 20% of our second quarter RF front-end revenues. We expect millimeter wave deployments in other regions, such as China, to be a tailwind for long-term revenue growth. Automotive revenues of $240 million grew 40%, and IoT revenues of $1.1 billion grew 71% on a year-over-year basis as we continued to see strong momentum for our differentiated product portfolio. During the quarter, we completed the acquisition of NUVIA for a purchase price of $1.4 billion before working capital and other adjustments. This acquisition provides us with a strong CPU team with industry-leading expertise in high-performance processors and SoCs. Lastly, we returned approximately $2.3 billion to stockholders during the quarter, consisting of $734 million in dividends and $1.5 billion in stock repurchases. Turning to our global 3G, 4G, 5G handset forecast for calendar 2021. Based on the strength in the first quarter, we have an upward bias relative to our prior estimate of high single-digit year-over-year growth. Our calendar 2021 forecast continues to include an estimate of 450 million to 550 million 5G handsets. Next, I'll summarize our guidance for third fiscal quarter. We now expect a stronger outlook in both QTL and QCT relative to our prior expectations, which we shared last quarter due to several positive tailwinds. We are forecasting revenues of $7.1 billion to $7.9 billion and non-GAAP EPS of $1.55 to $1.75, with year-over-year growth of 53% and 92% respectively at the midpoints. In QTL, we expect revenues of $1.35 billion to $1.55 billion, up 39% year-over-year at the midpoint, with EBT margins of 68% to 72%. Our revenue guidance midpoint is $100 million higher than our previous estimate, reflecting the positive bias in total handset shipments. In QCT, we estimate revenues of $5.8 billion to $6.3 billion and EBT margins of 24% to 26%. At the midpoints, this represents year-over-year revenue growth of 59% and EBT dollar growth of 151%. Our stronger forecast for QCT reflects upside in IoT, design traction in handsets and RF front-end, and improved product mix. We are pleased with the success of our diversification strategy as we continue to extend the adoption of smartphone technologies in automotive and IoT. In the third quarter, we expect IoT revenues to increase to $1.3 billion. We anticipate non-GAAP combined R&D and SG&A expenses to grow 3%-4% sequentially, which includes a full quarter impact of expenses from the NUVIA acquisition and investments to enable additional sourcing for supply. Beyond third quarter, we expect growth to be driven by 5G flagship launches for the holiday season by major OEMs and strong demand across IoT and automotive. With the continued transition of Huawei handset volume to other OEMs, we estimate QCT's annual addressable handset and RF front-end revenue opportunity to increase by up to $10 billion. Given our strong product portfolio, we are positioned to benefit from this opportunity starting in fiscal 2022. Before I finish my prepared remarks, on behalf of all Qualcomm employees, I want to thank Steve for his contributions over the past 26 years and wish him the best for a well-deserved retirement as CEO. During his successful tenure as CEO, he navigated significant challenges to put the company in a strong financial and strategic position. I look forward to working with Cristiano and the rest of the Qualcomm team to build on his vision and capitalize on the opportunities in front of us. Thank you, and I'll now turn the call back to Mauricio Lopez-Hodoyan. Thank you, Akash. Operator, we are now ready for questions. Thank you. To give a question press star, then the number one. To withdraw your question, press star two. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick-up your handset before pressing the numbers. One moment please, as pause for questions. Our first question is from Mike Walkley with Canaccord Genuity. Please proceed. Great. Thank you. Congratulations on the strong results, Steve, my best wishes for whatever's next, including some hopeful fruitful fishing trips for you. My question for the group is, with June a seasonally softer quarter for QCT, but the guidance quite strong, can you just update us if there's any supply constraints that are still adversely impacting the guidance for the June quarter? Then just to follow on, with the Huawei SAM opportunity you highlighted at the end, Akash, maybe you guys could just touch on your view for the second half of calendar 2021 in terms of potential share gains for you into the Android installed base. Thank you. Hi, Mike, it's Akash. I'll take the first one. From a third quarter perspective, we are really seeing a lot of benefits on the QCT side, both in terms of improved product mix, which is helping our performance. What we're seeing there is really, since we saw supply constraints, and which we continue to see across a broad set of businesses, we were able to take action to optimize our product mix, both across tiers And then also when we had reductions in orders by a large handset OEM, we were able to redirect that capacity to integrated Snapdragon products with strong margin profile. It's really a combination of those things. While we remain in supply constraint, we've been taking actions to manage to optimize the mix within the constraints we have. Your second question was. Just on the Huawei side. Yeah, I can take that. This is Cristiano. Look, we're extremely happy at the opportunity in terms of SAM expansion. If you look at a market such as mobile, which is mature, you don't see that very often, an expansion of SAM at about $10 billion, and Qualcomm is very well positioned for that. As far as second half 2021, we're very happy with the traction we have in our premium and high tiers across our customer base with new customers as well as HONOR, and that's a great opportunity. It's going to be one of the largest growth drivers for our mobile business alongside our front end, the ability to have Snapdragon 800 equal premium Android. Thank you. Thank you. Our next question is from Chris Caso with Raymond James. Please proceed with your question. Yes, thank you. Good afternoon. Steve, congratulations, all the best. The first question is related to supply. You talked about in your prepared remarks, supply coming at the end of the year and being able to attack that Huawei replacement market in fiscal 2022. Can you give us some sense of how much incremental supply comes in before then, or do we have to wait until the December quarter in order to get that volume? As a follow-on to that, how does that align with your customer product introductions? Again, a lot of product introductions typically happen towards the beginning of the year in the Android space. Hi, Chris. This is Cristiano. Look, there's a lot in there. Let me just start with the supply. The overall supply, constraints in semiconductors for us, it's really across all product lines. It's not unique to one thing or the other. It's not only a smartphone. Frankly, it's a good position to be in that we actually have more demand to supply across all of our business. That's a good sign, give us confidence about the growth position. We are utilizing our scale. With that, we have the ability to being supporting our suppliers' capacity planning. We can provide stability of demand and in turn, get stability of capacity. We're one of the few companies that have the ability to do multi-sourcing at the leading node. We have done a lot of that with our roadmap. All of that combined, it gives us material improvement in supply by the end of 2021, position us very well for 2022, and full extent, I think as Akash outlined, the $10 billion SAM expansion on Huawei. I want to go back to your question about how we think about our customers and customer product introductions. As I said before, we're very happy with the progress we're making in premium and high tier. That's a great opportunity for Qualcomm, and it's reflecting in the product mix. As we still have right now, even as we show growth, we still have more demand to supply, give us an opportunity also to have the ability to focus on the products that give us more value to us and to our customers, both on the premium side with our front-end attach, and that's really showing the numbers with a much improved product mix. Chris, it's Akash, just to add quickly to Cristiano's comments. As you know, towards the end of the year, a lot of the flagship phones get launched, both for the holiday season going into Chinese New Year. We will see that with supply constraints opening up a bit, that allows us to take advantage of those launches and really expand into the Huawei SAM. That's great. That's good. Thank you. The next question is on QTL. Based on your guidance, it would seem that the revenue that you're suggesting for the third quarter is back on what you've previously expressed as the normalized QTL revenue. Is that what we should expect now going forward? That is a reflection of the handset market is now normalized and therefore the QTL revenue is normalized against the plan that you've talked about in the past? Yeah, that's definitely a reasonable conclusion. We did see significant upside in the March quarter, and which is reflected in our results. As we go from March to June, what we are forecasting is really a normalized market within the handset market, consistent with the historical framework we've set up, and that's a reasonable way to model the business going forward. Thank you. Our next question comes from Joe Moore with Morgan Stanley. Please proceed with your question. Great. Thank you. I wonder if you could give us more color on the reduction in orders you talked about from one vendor. How does that play out when you're in kind of an allocated environment? In terms of the supply constraints, maybe if you could just talk about, if I'm placing a new order now that's not in backlog, how long am I waiting? How tight is the situation? Thank you. Yeah. Joe, it's Akash. Really, as you would expect, given the kind of broad breadth of demand we have across not just mobile, but of our adjacent markets, including IoT and auto, we take benefit of any reductions on orders from an OEM to really redirect the supply towards the highest margin products that we have in working with our customers. That's really the action we've taken. It's obviously a good thing for us to be able to optimize the available supply across our customer base, and that's what's reflected as one of the benefits in our June quarter guidance. Maybe if I can address here, Joe, your second question. As far as supply constraints, look, not much more than it's going to get better at the end of the year. Some of the orders that we still cannot fulfill, even though we're seeing growth and it's reflected in results in the guide, we expect to see towards the end of the year and in 2022, a much more favorable supply environment. Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Stacy Rasgon with Bernstein Research. Please proceed with your question. Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my question. I wanted to ask, of course, about the sequential guide across the businesses. You're guiding QTL down 10%. It looks like chip revenue is guided down about 4%. I know you talked about normalization of the market, but is that just a timing thing given the nature of the constraints and what you're making? Is it indicative of mix of the interplay between handset versus non-handset? What can you tell us about the drivers behind the difference of those two segment guides? Sure. Stacy, it's Akash. Let me start with QTL. As I mentioned in my prepared remarks, the two key drivers for QTL in the March quarter were significantly higher than expected units, primarily driven by China for the total handset markets. That was the main driver. Then we also did see a benefit of approximately $80 million due to adjustments to prior quarter royalty estimates that benefited our second quarter performance. As we go from Q2 to Q3, on the QTL side, we obviously don't have that royalty estimates adjustment benefit in Q3. Then the second factor is really what we're assuming is a more normalized handset market going into Q3. We saw some weakness in the December quarter, strength in the March quarter. When you kind of abstract back from the quarter-to-quarter variances, we think it's prudent to forecast going forward on a normalized market. That's really what's driving QTL. From a QCT perspective, you're right. We're assuming a 4% quarter-over-quarter decline. As you recall, our new premium tier product launches in the March quarter, so when we go typically from March to June, there's a little bit of seasonality. Part of that is offset by really the supply framework, and so that kind of calibrates a little bit on what happens between the quarters anyway. That's really kind of the key drivers there. The one thing I'll highlight is, and I mentioned this in my prepared remarks, for IoT, we have very strong demand going into the June quarter. We have a forecast of $1.3 billion increasing from $1.1 billion in March. Very happy to see the diversification across the businesses. Got it. That's helpful. Thank you. If I could ask a brief follow-up. I know you've called out HONOR specifically several times as both a customer and a potential growth driver. Can you talk a little bit more about them? Do you have any thoughts on where I guess your share is low today, but any thoughts on where that can go, what your average ASP or tier that you're attacking with HONOR is going to be? Does the Huawei license that you signed last year, does that license directly transfer over to HONOR, or did you have to sign a new license with them? If that's the case, have you signed one with them? Stacy, it is Alex. Let me just answer that question really quickly. We have separate agreements now with Huawei and with HONOR, so all of that is covered under separate licenses. Stacy, it's Cristiano. We had traction with HONOR across their product portfolio. As you would expect, a lot of our focus, and that's where we actually have a very unique position in the market, is really high-end premium tier. That has also been, as I said earlier, it's really reflected how our product mix is changing as we see a lot more demand for premium and high. Stacy, I'd just add, it's Akash. I'd just add that we do expect HONOR to be a significant customer going forward with our traction with them. Thank you. The next question comes from Blayne Curtis with Barclays. Please proceed with your question. Hey, thanks for taking my question. I want to ask on millimeter wave, you talked about, I think, China in fiscal 2022. I was just curious if you saw any additional geographies rolling out millimeter wave this fiscal year or this calendar year, really. Hi, Blayne, this is Cristiano. Millimeter wave is commercial today in the U.S. and Japan. We also see a lot of investment in Korea as the next market. There are a few things you see as the initial signs in Europe. Its auctions have completed in some states. We're excited about China, just given the scale of the China market. Right now, we have a lot of activity leading into the Winter Olympics as China Unicom and companies like ZTE are working to have a lot of millimeter wave activity and coverage and services around the Winter Olympics. We think that's the beginning of starting to get more traction in China. The reason we talk about China is because the scale of China will significantly change the dynamics of millimeter wave, getting it faster to more markets, due to the economies of scale of China. Thanks. If I could just ask you highlighted NUVIA, you've been in the ARM PC market with Snapdragon before. Just curious, there's a lot more focus on both client as well as data center for ARM processors. Maybe just elaborate your plans in the next couple of years and where you see the best opportunities to lever that NUVIA asset. The NUVIA asset give us a lot of flexibility. You should think about it as having a scalable, leading CPU asset to get together with the other Qualcomm assets. Our focus right now, as outlined in what we've been saying and what we said in the earnings call, is we have an incredible opportunity now with compute and, of course, premium tier phones and automotive and some of the segments we are right now. We are very happy how computing has been redefined. Number one use case on a PC right now is a communicator device. I'm sure you relate to this. Some of the transition across the board to ARM architecture really create a big expansion opportunity for Qualcomm, and we're very focused to make that happen with a leading position leveraging the NUVIA CPU. Having said that, I think this asset gives us a lot of flexibility to continue to be expanding and to all the different business vectors we're building in the company. Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Ross Seymore with Deutsche Bank. Please proceed with your question. Hi, guys. Thanks for letting me ask a question. Steve, congratulations on your retirement. I guess, Akash, one for you is, in the last couple of quarters, you've given us a heads-up one quarter beyond guide, just when there was something unique happening in the market. I guess in this instance, given the fact that you're talking about share gains in the Huawei ecosystem, seasonality has had different implications over the last couple of years with some of your bigger customers. Is there any sort of color that you're able to give in the back half of this calendar year, puts and takes versus what you would deem to be normal? Any sort of guidance along those metrics? Yeah, sure, Ross. While we're not guiding fourth quarter at this point, let me highlight a couple things that maybe is a framework to think about the rest of the year. First is just when you think about the demand profile, handsets, RFFE, IoT, automotive, really extremely strong. We're gaining share pretty much in all markets and very strong position in each of them. You should think of each of those as a growth vector for us and extending into Q4 and then going into next year. Second is flagship phone launches. As I mentioned earlier in the call, they usually start in the August-September timeframe going through December. As those launches happen, that's a favorable trend for us, not just for handsets, but for RF front-end as well, with or without millimeter wave. The third is really supply improvement. As Cristiano mentioned, we've been working very hard on partnership with our suppliers to improve the supply profile going forward. As he said, towards the end of the year, we expect a material improvement in supply. That will be another vector that will drive us forward. Those maybe are three things that can be used to frame the QCT profile. From a QTL perspective, it's really consistent with our model the way we've portrayed it. As seasonality in the handset market changes, that changes the revenue opportunity for QTL as well. Got it. Thanks for those details. I guess as my quick follow-up, Akash, another one for you. On the gross margin side of things, we know the perturbations that happen with mix between QCT and QTL, but the QCT side has been very strong. I just wanted to see, what are you envisioning as the sustainable drivers of that? Are the gross margins today at all over-elevated or inflated due to your ability to prioritize in a limited supply environment? Are there attributions of the mix or aspects of the mix between handsets, RF, auto, IoT, et cetera, that gives you the belief that the gross margin improvement that you've delivered in QCT thus far is truly sustainable and can continue? Ross, we feel like we have tailwinds on the gross margin side, really across the mix of products, across the markets we have, also within each market. It's really Cristiano's point earlier in the call where we're focusing on the industry-leading performance across premium and high-tier products that allows us to really have that price premium that results in expansion of margins. Also, as we take the products that we have for mobile and the technologies we have for mobile, and we leverage it in auto and IoT, that's a tremendously scalable way for us to expand in those markets. As we do that, we're also able to expand, not just gross margins, but also operating margins. Thank you. Our next question comes from Matt Ramsay with Cowen. Please proceed with your question. Yes, thank you very much. Good afternoon, guys. Akash, my first question is on QCT EBIT or operating margins. I think I went back and looked, and we're pre-2010, pre-4G, since you had a non-holiday quarter that was 25% margin. Well done there. Maybe you could talk a little bit about the sustainability of margin expansion in QCT and given the June quarter is likely the revenue trough quarter for the year, is that 25% margin how we should think about the floor in margins going forward? Thanks. Yeah, Matt, thanks for the question. We're really happy with how the margin profile has played out. It's a plan that we set in place and outlined at Analyst Day about 18 months ago. We're pretty happy to be able to execute to it. Your observation is right. Typically, the June quarter is a trough from a margin perspective. Really, as you look forward from here, for us, the most important thing is the revenue scale. Hence, the things we highlighted in my prepared remarks, both from a IoT growth perspective, just gives a scale that allows us to expand operating margins. Then finally, the Huawei SAM, as we start approaching that SAM and really leveraging the existing products and roadmap, both across handsets and RF front-end, and growing into that SAM. We already have the product portfolio to go there. As we grow there as well, it'll be accretive to operating margins. Pretty happy with where we are at and looking forward to improving it going forward. Got it. Thanks for that. As my follow-up for Cristiano, you guys were kind enough to share a slide tonight that highlighted the diversity of the RF footprint across, I think, a dozen or so premium Android devices, both from global OEMs and in China. The question that I still get from investors is your confidence in the ability to sustain or maybe expand that footprint as we go into next-generation devices, maybe as some of the RF competitors have a bit more mature 5G stances in their portfolio. If you have any visibility as to how with those OEMs, the footprint might continue as you go forward and be sustainable in the RF franchise, that would be really helpful. Thanks, guys. Look, Matt, thanks for the question. It's a great question. I want to start by maybe providing some data points and emphasize some of the data we provide in the earnings script. We heard a lot in the past that our RF front-end business, a lot of people thought that most of it was because of our leadership position in millimeter wave, which we do have a leadership position in millimeter wave. The reality is, millimeter wave represents less than 20% of the revenues that we're showing in RF front-end. The absolute majority of it is 5G Sub-6 and 4G, actually. Which actually shows that we're winning not only at the system level, we're winning at the component level. Otherwise, we will not come in as the fifth supplier and be winning 4G sockets. That is really highlighting what we said. At the end of the day, you're going to have every single spectrum, whether it's existing spectrum through DSS that goes to 5G, plus the new mid bands and the millimeter wave bands. We feel pretty good about our roadmap of RF front-end. The fact they're winning designs across the board, it's a testimony that our strategy is working. To your specific question about, is this going to go away? We're now probably, if you look at the beginning, when we launched 5G in 2019, in early 2019, we're now multiple product generations, and we continue to win RF front-end. We're very confident about this business. It is a great growth story for Qualcomm, and the beauty of this, we're actually winning on technology. Thank you. Our next question comes from Samik Chatterjee with JP Morgan. Please proceed with your question. Hi, this is Joe Cardoso on for Samik. My first question is on competitors. One of them commented pretty bullishly about targeting flagship mmWave SoC opportunities next year. I'm just curious to hear your take on the competitive landscape and market share dynamics going forward, and whether you expect to see a return of more aggressive pricing in the industry. Look, there's a lot of good things in this data point. I think this data point, when our competitors are targeting millimeter wave in China, it just validates that China is going to have millimeter wave, and that's how we read it. That's a great data point, consistent to what we've been saying. It's going to add a lot of scale to millimeter wave. Look, Qualcomm. It's been very focused in our strong position in premium and high tier. There's an incredible opportunity with the expansion of SAM. Everyone is benefiting. I think it's an opportunity for everyone to be successful and generate growth. We become equal to premium Android flagship opportunity, and that's going to continue to be a key part of our mobile strategy going forward. Got it. Appreciate the color. My second one is on the automotive revenue opportunity. I appreciate the color on the RF revenue target, but was just curious, relative to the automotive revenue target that you provided during the Analyst Day, with the pipeline now at $9 billion, is the revenue target now completely accounted for, or are we even north of that? Is there more room to make on the pipeline there? Thank you. Yeah. Just on the automotive side, really, since Analyst Day, we feel like our position has really strengthened. This is not just in telematics and infotainment or digital cockpit, we're seeing an expansion of our product portfolio within the market. While we are not updating the guidance at this point, we feel very comfortable with our position, and we see it as expanding versus where we were 18 months ago. Thank you. Our next question comes from Rod Hall with Goldman Sachs. Please proceed with your question. Yeah. Hi, guys. Thanks for the question. I wanted to come back to China. I know that last quarter things were weak, and then we observed that Chinese demand on mobile phones improving this quarter, and that's obviously been part of the QTL story here. I'm just curious, I know that you guys were thinking that China was moving into more of a mature market phase where we would see elongating replacement cycles and so on. I wonder if the result here changes your mind on that at all. I also wanted to come back and talk a little bit about RFFE and whether you think you have a chance to see content increasing, particularly in high-end phones as we move to the back end of the year. Do you think that on a per phone basis, your content looks roughly similar? I just wonder if you could comment a little bit on. Oh, I'm sorry. I meant millimeter wave, not just RFFE, but kind of how that progresses through the back end of the year. Thanks. Hey, Rod, it's Akash. On the China data point, really, the market in December was slightly smaller than we'd expected, and the March quarter was slightly bigger than we had expected. I think you made a note of it in your report as well. Really, when you normalize for it, which is how we think about the forecast going forward, it's reflected in the market guidance we gave. We think of high single digits as still a reasonable metric for 2021, but we do have upward bias, given what has played out, and we'll see how the rest of the year rolls out. On millimeter wave, Rod, you're right. If millimeter wave become a component of the RF front-end, we highlighted that today is less than 20% of the RF front-end revenues. The silicon and content and value increases substantially. When you do millimeter wave, you're talking about multiple modules into a device, and you have antenna arrays, and it is a key accelerator RF front-end once millimeter wave becomes deployed more broadly across the 5G footprint. Thank you. Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Timothy Arcuri with UBS. Please proceed with your question. Thanks a lot. I guess I wanted to ask about the autos pipeline. It's now up to $9 billion. I assume that most of this is probably parked out into the middle of the decade, something like that. Can you sort of help us maybe size the average age of that pipeline and maybe how you think that that revenue rolls out? It's a big number, but it's a lot different if it's over five years versus over, say, nine years. Can you help us on that? Thanks. Tim, it's Akash. One of the why we gave a revenue target at Analyst Day was really to put a framework around the annual scale of the business. As you'll recall, we said we'd be greater than $1.5 billion in 2024. That's still a reasonable way of thinking about that business. As I said earlier, we feel like our traction in the market has accelerated, and so we're well-positioned to execute at that scale and continue to grow really even in the five, 10 year timeframe. It's pretty attractive long-term growth, and we like the fact that it's predictable, and it adds a slightly different mix than the rest of our business. I'll try to give you a little bit more color when you think about the timelines. The development life cycle within the automotive industry is well-known, and the way we think about it is when a decision is made and a contract is awarded, usually is you get the technology contract award for the upcoming models. That's what exactly building on our pipeline. Everything you see in a pipeline is basically contract awards, and they start to show up in revenue when those models get to SOP and they launch. It continued to increase as we're basically expanding throughout multiple brands as the car companies start to really be focused on electrification and the Digital Chassis component of their assets. Thanks a lot. I guess just as a second question. Akash, have you sort of capped where you think the tax rate could go with these changes? Obviously, if it goes to the face value and the statutory rate goes to 28%, and if the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income rate goes to 21%. If you just take that at face value, what does that do to your tax rate? Honestly, it's kind of early to see how it plays out, right? We're obviously looking at the various proposals that have been made. You kind of have one proposal that I think you outlined. There are other proposals that are a lot more favorable. What we're really doing at this point is really working with folks in D.C. and educating them on the most important thing for us is really to make sure U.S. remains competitive. There's really strong reason for U.S. companies to continue to invest in R&D, especially the companies like Qualcomm, who have a very high bias towards domestic R&D investments. That's been our focus. There is missing details in the proposals that doesn't really allow us to give you a right answer to this question just yet, but we're hopeful we'll get some more clarity soon. Thank you. Our next question is coming from the line of C.J. Muse with Evercore. Please proceed with your question. Yeah, good afternoon. Thank you for taking the question. I guess first question, can you give a sense of what the revenue headwind for QCT is as a result of supply constraints and be curious if that's concentrated primarily in handsets or are you also seeing it on the adjacency front? Yeah, C.J. We've not sized the revenue headwinds really within QCT. We have not shared that data point. It is something that is impacting all of our vectors. This is not just handsets, but also stretching into RF front-end, IoT, and automotive. It's a very significant number, right? We could, in a perfect supply situation, we would have been much better off, versus the results we are offering. As we look forward, we think of that as a tailwind, as we resolve these supply issues, and things are much better for us towards the end of the year, we'll be able to grow into the opportunity in front of us. That's helpful. As my follow-up, I guess two-part question on the adjacency side of your QCT business. Near term into June, do you think that IoT and auto can offset the seasonal decline in RF front-end such that that business could be flat, excluding handsets. Bigger picture for fiscal 2021, given what you've put together in the first half of the year, it looks like the business combined is growing 50% to 60% year-over-year. Is that the right kind of framework we should be thinking about? Thank you. Yeah. C.J., we gave a pretty direct number on the IoT forecast for fiscal third quarter. We said it'd be in the $1.3 billion range. That's a pretty good indication of how that business just continues to grow. We just reported a quarter with $1.1 billion and then sequential growth from $1.1 billion to $1.3 billion. Similar trends in auto, as well. This is really a business portfolio that has strong growth vectors across the board and as we look forward, we continue to see a similar trend. Thank you. Our final question is coming from Brett Simpson with Arete Research. Please proceed with your question. Yeah. Thanks very much. I wanted to ask a little bit about QCT and the second half seasonality that you see, second half calendar year seasonality, and just factoring in the supply challenges, particularly in the first half of the year, maybe the weaker flagship Android market in the first half of the year. You look into the second half and you're talking about getting much more supply, particularly in the December quarter. Can you just maybe share with us that sort of first half to second half dynamic that you see today, and could it be similar to what we maybe saw in calendar 2020? Thank you. From a second half perspective, clearly as one of the key drivers I outlined earlier was flagship launches that happen starting in the September timeframe. We do expect to see seasonality as those launches happen. It'd be across the board, across all OEMs, across Snapdragon 800 as well. Looking forward to those launches materializing and especially as Cristiano said, as supply gets addressed, to a large extent, into that quarter, it'll allow us to benefit from those launches. Okay, thanks. Maybe just to follow up, Akash, can you maybe just comment on smartphone ASPs? I know it's not something that you specifically comment on, as you used to, but it'd be great to get your perspective, particularly with COVID at the moment and 5G adoption sort of rising at the moment. How do you see smartphone ASPs and how do you see the outlook as we go through this year and into next year? Thank you. Well, as you said, while we don't disclose the specifics, if you look at some of our customers and them reporting their results, you would see that at least at the premium high tier, there is some upward bias on those smartphone ASPs. That's really as the tier in which 5G is penetrating first, and you're seeing some of the benefits roll through our customers' results. Thank you. That concludes today's question and answer session. Mr. Amon, do you have anything further to add before adjourning the call? As this was Steve's last earnings call, I would like to take this opportunity to thank him for his leadership and tenure. It has been a privilege to work alongside him for more than 15 years, through the good times and the hard times, as we've grown and diversified the company. I look forward to building on his legacy, and I'm humbled by the opportunity ahead. This is an amazing time to be part of Qualcomm.